S 56 Ayat 1 to 11
قوله تعالى:
بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ إِذٰا وَقَعَتِ الْوٰاقِعَةُ -إلى قوله تعالى- أُولٰئِكَ الْمُقَرَّبُونَ [1-11]
In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful. When the great event comes to pass, There is no belying its coming to pass— Abasing (one party), exalting (the other), When the earth shall be shaken with a (severe) shaking, And the mountains shall be made to crumble with (an awful) crumbling, So that they shall be as scattered dust. And you shall be three kinds. Then (as to) the companions of the right hand; how happy are the companions of the right hand! And (as to) the companions of the left hand; how wretched are the companions of the left hand! And the foremost are the foremost, These are they who are drawn near (to Allah).
[Surah Al-Wāqiʿah (56):1-11, Translation by M. H. Shakir]
99-/10371 _1- ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي(رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ)،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي سَعْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ،عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْأَصْفَهَانِيِّ،عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ دَاوُدَ الْمِنْقَرِيِّ،عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ،عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ،قَالَ:سَمِعْتُ عَلِيَّ بْنَ الْحُسَيْنِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يَقُولُ: «مَنْ لَمْ يَتَعَزَّ بِعَزَاءِ اللَّهِ تَقَطَّعَتْ نَفْسُهُ عَلَى الدُّنْيَا حَسَرَاتٍ،وَ اللَّهِ مَا الدُّنْيَا وَ الْآخِرَةُ إِلاَّ كَكَفَّتَيِ الْمِيزَانِ،فَأَيُّهُمَا رَجَحَ ذَهَبَ الْآخَرُ [1]»ثُمَّ تَلاَ قَوْلَهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: إِذٰا وَقَعَتِ الْوٰاقِعَةُ «يَعْنِي الْقِيَامَةَ لَيْسَ لِوَقْعَتِهٰا كٰاذِبَةٌ* خٰافِضَةٌ خَفَضَتْ وَ اللَّهِ أَعْدَاءٌ اللَّهِ إِلَى النَّارِ رٰافِعَةٌ رَفَعَتْ وَ اللَّهِ أَوْلِيَاءَ اللَّهِ إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ».
99-/10371 Ibn Babuwayh said: My father (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated to me; he said: Sa‘d ibn ‘Abdullah narrated to me from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad al-Asfahani, from Sulayman ibn Dawud al-Minqari, from Sufyan ibn ‘Uyaynah, from al-Zuhri, who said:
I heard Ali ibn al-Husayn (peace be upon him) say: "Whoever does not console himself with the consolation of Allah, his soul will be consumed by regrets over the world. By Allah, this world and the Hereafter are but like the two sides of a scale—whichever one outweighs, the other is lost."
Then he recited the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "When the great event comes to pass, There is no belying its coming to pass. Abasing (some), exalting (others)." [Surah Al-Waqi‘ah 56:1–3, translation by M. H. Shakir]
He said: "It abased, by Allah, the enemies of Allah into the Fire, and it exalted, by Allah, the friends of Allah into Paradise."
/10372 _2-علي بن إبراهيم،في قوله تعالى: إِذٰا وَقَعَتِ الْوٰاقِعَةُ* لَيْسَ لِوَقْعَتِهٰا كٰاذِبَةٌ ،قال:[القيامة] هي حق،قوله تعالى خٰافِضَةٌ ،قال:لأعداء اللّه رٰافِعَةٌ ،قال:لأولياء اللّه إِذٰا رُجَّتِ الْأَرْضُ رَجًّا قال:
يدق بعضها بعضا وَ بُسَّتِ الْجِبٰالُ بَسًّا ،قال:قلعت الجبال قلعا فَكٰانَتْ هَبٰاءً مُنْبَثًّا قال:الهباء:الذي يدخل في الكوة من شعاع الشمس.
قوله تعالى وَ كُنْتُمْ أَزْوٰاجاً ثَلاٰثَةً ،قال:يوم القيامة فَأَصْحٰابُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ مٰا أَصْحٰابُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ و هم المؤمنون من أصحاب التبعات يوقفون للحساب وَ أَصْحٰابُ الْمَشْئَمَةِ مٰا أَصْحٰابُ الْمَشْئَمَةِ* وَ السّٰابِقُونَ السّٰابِقُونَ الذين قد سبقوا إلى الجنة بلا حساب.
99-/10372 Ali ibn Ibrahim, regarding the saying of Allah the Exalted: "When the great event comes to pass – There is no belying its coming to pass" [Surah Al-Waqi‘ah 56:1–2, M. H. Shakir], said: "[The Resurrection] is true."
His saying: "Abasing (some), exalting (others)" [56:3, M. H. Shakir], he said: "Abasing the enemies of Allah, exalting the friends of Allah."
"When the earth shall be shaken with a (severe) shaking" [56:4, M. H. Shakir], he said: "One part of it will strike against the other."
"And the mountains shall be made to crumble with (an awful) crumbling" [56:5, M. H. Shakir], he said: "The mountains will be uprooted completely."
"So that they shall be as scattered dust" [56:6, M. H. Shakir], he said: "The dust (habā’) is what enters through the window with the rays of the sun."
His saying: "And you shall be three sorts" [56:7, M. H. Shakir], he said: "[That will be] on the Day of Resurrection."
"Then (as to) the companions of the right hand; how happy are the companions of the right hand!" [56:8, M. H. Shakir], he said: "They are the believers who have responsibilities (due to past sins); they will be made to stand for reckoning."
"And (as to) the companions of the left hand; how wretched are the companions of the left hand!" [56:9, M. H. Shakir]
"And the foremost are the foremost" [56:10, M. H. Shakir], he said: "They are those who have gone ahead to Paradise without reckoning."
_1) -الخصال 64:95.
_2) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:346.
_3) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:346.
[1] في المصدر:بالآخر.
Page 251 in Arabic
99-/10373 _3- ثُمَّ قَالَ:عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ:أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ،عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ
ابْنِ عُلْوَانَ الْكَلْبِيِّ،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ الْعَبْدِيِّ،عَنْ أَبِي هَارُونَ الْعَبْدِيِّ،عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ السَّعْدِيِّ،عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ بْنِ الْيَمَانِ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)أَرْسَلَ إِلَى بِلاَلٍ،فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُنَادِيَ [1]بِالصَّلاَةِ قَبْلَ وَقْتِ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ فِي رَجَبٍ لِثَلاَثَ عَشْرَةَ خَلَتْ مِنْهُ،
99-/10373 Then Ali ibn Ibrahim said: Al-Hasan ibn Ali informed us, from his father, from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id, from al-Husayn ibn ‘Alwan al-Kalbi, from Ali ibn al-Husayn al-‘Abdi, from Abu Harun al-‘Abdi, from Rabi‘ah al-Sa‘di, from Hudhayfah ibn al-Yaman:
The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) sent for Bilal and instructed him to call for prayer before its time on each day of the month of Rajab, starting from the thirteenth.
قَالَ:فَلَمَّا نَادَى بِلاَلٌ بِالصَّلاَةِ فَزِعَ النَّاسُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَزَعاً شَدِيداً وَ ذُعِرُوا،وَ قَالُوا:رَسُولُ اللَّهِ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِنَا،لَمْ يَغِبْ عَنَّا،وَ لَمْ يَمُتْ!فَاجْتَمَعُوا وَ حَشَدُوا،فَأَقْبَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)يَمْشِي حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى بَابٍ مِنْ أَبْوَابِ الْمَسْجِدِ،فَأَخَذَ بِعِضَادَتَيْهِ،وَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ مَكَانٌ يُسَمَّى السُّدَّةَ،فَسَلَّمَ ثُمَّ قَالَ:«هَلْ تَسْمَعُونَ أَهْلَ السُّدَّةِ؟» فَقَالُوا:سَمِعْنَا وَ أَطَعْنَا.
99-/10373 (continued) He said: When Bilal made the call to prayer, the people were extremely alarmed and disturbed. They said, “The Messenger of Allah is among us—he has not been absent from us, nor has he died!” So they gathered and assembled in large numbers.
Then the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) came walking until he reached one of the doors of the mosque. He took hold of its two sides. Inside the mosque was a place called al-Suddah. He greeted them with peace and then said: "Do you hear, O people of al-Suddah?" They replied, "We hear and we obey."
فَقَالَ:«هَلْ تُبْلِغُونَ؟»قَالُوا ضَمِنَّا ذَلِكَ لَكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ.ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):
«أُخْبِرُكُمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ خَلَقَ الْخَلْقَ قِسْمَيْنِ،فَجَعَلَنِي فِي خَيْرِهِمَا قِسْماً،وَ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ: وَ أَصْحٰابُ الْيَمِينِ [2]وَ أَصْحٰابُ الشِّمٰالِ [3]،فَأَنَا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْيَمِينِ،وَ أَنَا مِنْ [4]خَيْرِ أَصْحَابِ الْيَمِينِ،ثُمَّ جَعَلَ الْقِسْمَيْنِ أَثْلاَثاً، فَجَعَلَنِي فِي خَيْرِهَا ثُلُثاً،وَ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ: فَأَصْحٰابُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ مٰا أَصْحٰابُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ* وَ أَصْحٰابُ الْمَشْئَمَةِ مٰا أَصْحٰابُ الْمَشْئَمَةِ* وَ السّٰابِقُونَ السّٰابِقُونَ ،فَأَنَا مِنَ السَّابِقِينَ،وَ أَنَا خَيْرُ السَّابِقِينَ،ثُمَّ جَعَلَ الْأَثْلاَثَ قَبَائِلَ، فَجَعَلَنِي فِي خَيْرِهَا قَبِيلَةً،
99-/10373 (continued) He said: "Do you convey [what you hear]?" They said, "We guarantee that for you, O Messenger of Allah."
Then the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) said: "I inform you that Allah created the creation in two groups, and He placed me in the better of the two. That is His saying: 'And the companions of the right hand' [Surah Al-Waqi‘ah 56:27, M. H. Shakir] 'And the companions of the left hand' [56:41, M. H. Shakir]. I am from the companions of the right hand, and I am from the best of the companions of the right hand.
Then He divided the two groups into three categories, and He placed me in the best of the three. That is His saying: 'Then (as to) the companions of the right hand; how happy are the companions of the right hand! And (as to) the companions of the left hand; how wretched are the companions of the left hand! And the foremost are the foremost' [Surah Al-Waqi‘ah 56:8–10, M. H. Shakir]. I am from the foremost, and I am the best of the foremost.
Then He divided the thirds into tribes, and He placed me in the best of the tribes."
وَ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: يٰا أَيُّهَا النّٰاسُ إِنّٰا خَلَقْنٰاكُمْ مِنْ ذَكَرٍ وَ أُنْثىٰ وَ جَعَلْنٰاكُمْ شُعُوباً وَ قَبٰائِلَ لِتَعٰارَفُوا إِنَّ أَكْرَمَكُمْ عِنْدَ اللّٰهِ أَتْقٰاكُمْ [5]،فَقَبِيلَتِي خَيْرُ القَبَائِلِ،وَ أَنَا سَيِّدُ وُلْدِ آدَمَ وَ أَكْرَمُهُمْ عَلَى اللَّهِ وَ لاَ فَخْرَ،ثُمَّ جَعَلَ القَبَائِلَ بُيُوتاً،فَجَعَلَنِي فِي خَيْرِهَا بَيْتاً،وَ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ: إِنَّمٰا يُرِيدُ اللّٰهُ لِيُذْهِبَ عَنْكُمُ الرِّجْسَ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ وَ يُطَهِّرَكُمْ تَطْهِيراً [6].
99-/10373 (continued) "And that is His saying, the Exalted: 'O mankind! Surely We have created you of a male and a female, and made you tribes and families that you may know each other; surely the most honorable of you with Allah is the one among you most careful (of his duty)' [Surah Al-Hujurat 49:13, M. H. Shakir].
So my tribe is the best of tribes, and I am the master of the children of Adam and the most honored of them before Allah—and this is no boast. Then He made the tribes into households, and He placed me in the best of them in household. And that is His saying: 'Allah only desires to keep away the uncleanness from you, O people of the House, and to purify you a (thorough) purifying.' [Surah Al-Ahzab 33:33, M. H. Shakir].
أَلاَ وَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ اخْتَارَنِي فِي ثَلاَثَةٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِي،وَ أَنَا سَيِّدُ الثَّلاَثَةِ وَ أَتْقَاهُمْ[وَ لاَ فَخْرَ]لِلَّهِ،اخْتَارَنِي وَ عَلِيّاً وَ جَعْفَراً ابْنَيْ أَبِي طَالِبٍ،وَ حَمْزَةَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ،كُنَّا رُقُوداً بِالْأَبْطَحِ،لَيْسَ مِنَّا إِلاَّ مُسَجًّى بِثَوْبِهِ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ،عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ عَنْ يَمِينِي،وَ جَعْفَرٌ عَنْ يَسَارِي،وَ حَمْزَةُ عِنْدَ رِجْلِي،فَمَا نَبَّهَنِي عَنْ رَقْدَتِي غَيْرُ حَفِيفِ أَجْنِحَةِ الْمَلاَئِكَةِ، وَ بَرْدِ ذِرَاعِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ فِي صَدْرِي،فَانْتَبَهْتُ مِنْ رَقْدَتِي وَ جَبْرَئِيلُ فِي ثَلاَثَةِ أَمْلاَكٍ،يَقُولُ لَهُ أَحَدُ الْأَمْلاَكِ الثَّلاَثَةِ:يَا جَبْرَئِيلُ إِلَى أَيِّ هَؤُلاَءِ أُرْسِلْتَ،فَرَكَضَنِي بِرِجْلِهِ،فَقَالَ:إِلَى هَذَا.قَالَ:وَ مَنْ هَذَا؟يَسْتَفْهِمُهُ،فَقَالَ:هَذَا مُحَمَّدٌ سَيِّدُ النَّبِيِّينَ،وَ هَذَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ سَيِّدُ الْوَصِيِّينَ،وَ هَذَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ لَهُ جَنَاحَانِ خَضِيبَانِ يَطِيرُ بِهِمَا فِي الْجَنَّةِ،وَ هَذَا حَمْزَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ سَيِّدُ الشُّهَدَاءِ».
99-/10373 (continued) "Indeed, Allah has chosen me from among three of my household, and I am the master of the three and the most God-fearing of them [and this is no boast]—for Allah. He chose me, and ‘Ali, and Ja‘far the sons of Abu Talib, and Hamzah ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib. We were lying asleep at al-Abṭaḥ, each of us covered with his garment over his face—‘Ali ibn Abi Talib on my right, Ja‘far on my left, and Hamzah at my feet.
Nothing awakened me from my sleep except the soft fluttering of the angels’ wings and the coolness of the arm of ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib on my chest. I awoke from my sleep and [saw] Jibra’il with three other angels. One of the three angels said to him: 'O Jibra’il, to which of these have you been sent?'
He nudged me with his foot and said: 'To this one.'
The angel asked: 'And who is this?'—seeking to confirm.
He replied: 'This is Muhammad, the master of the prophets. And this is ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib, the master of the successors. And this is Ja‘far ibn Abi Talib, who has two dyed wings with which he flies in Paradise. And this is Hamzah ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib, the master of the martyrs.'"
_4) -الأمالي 1:70.
[1] في المصدر:فأمره فنادى.
[2] الواقعة 56:27.
[3] الواقعة 56:41.
[4] (من)ليس في المصدر.
[5] الحجرات 49:13.
[6] الأحزاب 33:33.
Page 252 in Arabic
99-/10374 _4- الشَّيْخُ فِي(أَمَالِيهِ)،قَالَ:أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ،قَالَ:أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نُصَيْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ
الْمُقْرِي،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْوَرَّاقُ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ الْبَجَلِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا حُمَيْدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ،قَالَ:
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ تَسْنِيمٍ الْوَرَّاقُ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ الْفَضْلُ بْنُ دُكَيْنٍ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُقَاتِلُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ،عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ ابْنِ مُزَاحِمٍ،عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ السّٰابِقُونَ السّٰابِقُونَ* أُولٰئِكَ الْمُقَرَّبُونَ* فِي جَنّٰاتِ النَّعِيمِ ،فَقَالَ:«قَالَ لِي جَبْرَئِيلُ:ذَلِكَ عَلِيٌّ وَ شِيعَتُهُ،هُمُ السَّابِقُونَ إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ، الْمُقَرَّبُونَ مِنَ اللَّهِ بِكَرَامَتِهِ لَهُمْ».
99-/10374 Al-Shaykh in Amālihi said: Muhammad ibn Muhammad informed us, who said: Abu Nusair Muhammad ibn al-Husayn al-Muqri’ informed us, who said: ‘Umar ibn Muhammad al-Warraq narrated to us, who said: Ali ibn ‘Abbas al-Bajali narrated to us, who said: Humayd ibn Ziyad narrated to us, who said: Muhammad ibn Tasnim al-Warraq narrated to us, who said: Abu Nu‘aym al-Fadl ibn Dukayn narrated to us, who said: Muqatil ibn Sulayman narrated from al-Dahhak ibn Muzahim from Ibn ‘Abbas, who said:
I asked the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) about the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "And the foremost are the foremost, These are they who are drawn near (to Allah), In the gardens of bliss" [Surah Al-Waqi‘ah 56:10–12, M. H. Shakir].
He said: "Jibra’il said to me: That is ‘Ali and his Shi‘ah. They are the foremost to Paradise, the ones brought near to Allah due to His honor toward them."
وَ رَوَاهُ الشَّيْخُ الْمُفِيدُ فِي(أَمَالِيهِ) [1].
99-/10374 (continued) And this narration was also reported by Shaykh al-Mufid in Amālihi.[1]
99-/10375 _5- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ،عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عُمَرَ الْيَمَانِيِّ،عَنْ جَابِرٍ الْجُعْفِيِّ،قَالَ:قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «يَا جَابِرُ،إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى خَلَقَ الْخَلْقَ ثَلاَثَةَ أَصْنَافٍ،وَ هُوَ قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ كُنْتُمْ أَزْوٰاجاً ثَلاٰثَةً* فَأَصْحٰابُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ* مٰا أَصْحٰابُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ* وَ أَصْحٰابُ الْمَشْئَمَةِ*مٰا أَصْحٰابُ الْمَشْئَمَةِ* وَ السّٰابِقُونَ السّٰابِقُونَ* أُولٰئِكَ الْمُقَرَّبُونَ ،فَالسَّابِقُونَ هُمْ رُسُلُ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)،وَ خَاصَّةُ اللَّهِ مِنْ خَلْقِهِ،
99-/10375 Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub: from Muhammad ibn Yahya, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id, from Hammad ibn ‘Isa, from Ibrahim ibn ‘Umar al-Yamani, from Jabir al-Ju‘fi, who said:
Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) said: “O Jabir, indeed Allah, Blessed and Exalted, created the creation in three categories. And that is the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: ‘And you shall be three sorts. Then (as to) the companions of the right hand; how happy are the companions of the right hand! And (as to) the companions of the left hand; how wretched are the companions of the left hand! And the foremost are the foremost. These are they who are drawn near (to Allah)’ [Surah Al-Waqi‘ah 56:7–11, M. H. Shakir].
So the foremost are the Messengers of Allah (peace be upon them), and Allah’s chosen elite among His creation.”
جَعَلَ فِيهِمْ خَمْسَةَ أَرْوَاحٍ،أَيَّدَهُمْ بِرُوحِ الْقُدُسِ،فَبِهِ عَرَفُوا الْأَشْيَاءَ،وَ أَيَّدَهُمْ بِرُوحِ الْإِيمَانِ،فَبِهِ خَافُوا اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ،وَ أَيَّدَهُمْ بِرُوحِ الْقُوَّةِ،فَبِهِ قَدَرُوا عَلَى طَاعَةِ اللَّهِ،وَ أَيَّدَهُمْ بِرُوحِ الشَّهْوَةِ،فَبِهِ اشْتَهَوْا طَاعَةَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ،وَ كَرِهُوا مَعْصِيَتَهُ،وَ جَعَلَ فِيهِمْ رُوحَ الْمَدْرَجِ،الَّذِي بِهِ يَذْهَبُ النَّاسُ وَ يَجِيئُونَ،وَ جَعَلَ فِي الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَصْحَابَ الْمَيْمَنَةِ رُوحَ الْإِيمَانِ،فَبِهِ خَافُوا اللَّهَ،وَ جَعَلَ فِيهِمْ رُوحَ الْقُوَّةِ،فَبِهِ قَدَرُوا عَلَى طَاعَةِ اللَّهِ، وَ جَعَلَ فِيهِمْ رُوحَ الشَّهْوَةِ فَبِهِ اشْتَهَوْا طَاعَةَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ،وَ جَعَلَ فِيهِمْ رُوحَ الْمَدْرَجِ الَّذِي بِهِ يَذْهَبُ النَّاسُ وَ يَجِيئُونَ».
99-/10375 (continued) He placed within them five spirits: He supported them with the Spirit of Holiness (Rūḥ al-Qudus)—by it, they came to know things. He supported them with the Spirit of Faith—by it, they feared Allah, the Mighty and Majestic. He supported them with the Spirit of Strength—by it, they were able to obey Allah. He supported them with the Spirit of Desire—by it, they longed for obedience to Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, and disliked disobedience to Him. And He placed within them the Spirit of Movement (Rūḥ al-Madraj), through which people go and come.
And He placed within the believers—the companions of the right hand—the Spirit of Faith, by which they fear Allah; and He placed within them the Spirit of Strength, by which they are able to obey Allah; and the Spirit of Desire, by which they long for the obedience of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic; and He placed within them the Spirit of Movement, through which people go and come.
99-/10376 _6- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،رَفَعَهُ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ دَاوُدَ الْغَنَوِيِّ،عَنِ الْأَصْبَغِ بْنِ نُبَاتَةَ،قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،فَقَالَ:يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ،إِنَّ أُنَاساً زَعَمُوا أَنَّ الْعَبْدَ لاَ يَزْنِي وَ هُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ،وَ لاَ يَسْرِقُ وَ هُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ،وَ لاَ يَشْرَبُ الْخَمْرَ وَ هُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ،وَ لاَ يَأْكُلُ الرِّبَا وَ هُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ،وَ لاَ يَسْفِكُ الدَّمَ الْحَرَامَ،وَ هُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ،فَقَدْ ثَقُلَ عَلَيَّ وَ حَرَجَ مِنْهُ صَدْرِي حِينَ أَزْعُمُ أَنَّ هَذَا الْعَبْدَ يُصَلِّي صَلاَتِي،وَ يَدْعُو دُعَائِي، وَ يُنَاكِحُنِي وَ أُنَاكِحُهُ،وَ يُوَارِثُنِي وَ أُوَارِثُهُ،وَ قَدْ خَرَجَ مِنَ الْإِيمَانِ لِأَجْلِ ذَنْبٍ يَسِيرٍ أَصَابَهُ؟
99-/10376 And from him: from a group of our companions, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid, from his father, in a marfū‘ (elevated) narration, from Muhammad ibn Dawud al-Ghanawi, from al-Asbagh ibn Nubatah, who said:
A man came to the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) and said: "O Commander of the Faithful, there are some people who claim that a servant does not commit fornication while being a believer, does not steal while being a believer, does not drink wine while being a believer, does not consume usury while being a believer, and does not shed unlawful blood while being a believer.
This claim has become heavy upon me and has narrowed my chest, for I consider this servant to pray like I pray, to supplicate like I supplicate, to marry from me and I from him, and to inherit from me and I from him—yet they say he has exited from faith due to a small sin he has committed?"
فَقَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«صَدَقْتَ،سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)يَقُولُ،وَ الدَّلِيلُ عَلَيْهِ كِتَابُ اللَّهِ:
خَلَقَ الْهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ النَّاسَ عَلَى ثَلاَثِ طَبَقَاتٍ،وَ أَنْزَلَهُمُ ثَلاَثَ مَنَازِلَ،وَ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِي الْكِتَابِ:
أَصْحٰابُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ وَ أَصْحٰابُ الْمَشْئَمَةِ وَ السّٰابِقُونَ ،فَأَمَّا مَا ذَكَرَهُ مِنْ أَمْرِ السَّابِقِينَ فَإِنَّهُمْ أَنْبِيَاءُ مُرْسَلُونَ وَ غَيْرُ مُرْسَلِينَ،جَعَلَ[اللَّهُ]فِيهِمْ خَمْسَةَ أَرْوَاحٍ:رُوحَ الْقُدُسِ،وَ رُوحَ الْإِيمَانِ،وَ رُوحَ الْقُوَّةِ،وَ رُوحَ الشَّهْوَةِ، وَ رُوحَ الْبَدَنِ،فَبِرُوحِ الْقُدُسِ بُعِثُوا أَنْبِيَاءَ اللَّهِ مُرْسَلِينَ وَ غَيْرَ مُرْسَلِينَ،وَ بِهَا عَلِمُوا الْأَشْيَاءَ،وَ بِرُوحِ الْإِيمَانِ عَبَدُوا اللَّهَ وَ لَمْ
يُشْرِكُوا بِهِ شَيْئاً،وَ بِرُوحِ الْقُوَّةِ جَاهَدُوا عَدُوَّهُمْ وَ عَالَجُوا مَعَايِشَهُمْ،وَ بِرُوحِ الشَّهْوَةِ أَصَابُوا لَذِيذَ الطَّعَامِ وَ نَكَحُوا الْحَلاَلَ مِنَ شَبَابِ النِّسَاءِ،وَ بِرُوحِ الْبَدَنِ دَبُّوا وَ دَرَجُوا،فَهَؤُلاَءِ مَغْفُورٌ لَهُمْ مَصْفُوحٌ عَنْ ذُنُوبِهِمْ،
99-/10376 (continued) The Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) said: "You are right. I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) say—and the proof is in the Book of Allah:
Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, created people in three categories, and placed them in three ranks. That is the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, in the Book: ‘The companions of the right hand, and the companions of the left hand, and the foremost’ [Surah Al-Waqi‘ah 56:8, 9, 10, M. H. Shakir].
As for what was mentioned regarding the foremost—they are the prophets, both those who were sent and those who were not sent. Allah placed within them five spirits: the Spirit of Holiness, the Spirit of Faith, the Spirit of Strength, the Spirit of Desire, and the Spirit of the Body.
With the Spirit of Holiness they were raised as prophets—some sent, some not—and through it they came to know things. With the Spirit of Faith, they worshipped Allah and did not associate anything with Him. With the Spirit of Strength, they strove against His enemy and handled their livelihoods. With the Spirit of Desire, they enjoyed delicious food and married the lawful among the young women. And with the Spirit of the Body, they moved and walked.
These individuals are forgiven, their sins overlooked."
_5) -الكافي 1:1/213.
_6) -الكافي 2:16/214.
[1] الأمالي:7/298.
Page 253 in Arabic
ثُمَّ قَالَ:[قَالَ] اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: تِلْكَ الرُّسُلُ فَضَّلْنٰا بَعْضَهُمْ عَلىٰ بَعْضٍ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ كَلَّمَ اللّٰهُ وَ رَفَعَ بَعْضَهُمْ دَرَجٰاتٍ وَ آتَيْنٰا عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ الْبَيِّنٰاتِ وَ أَيَّدْنٰاهُ بِرُوحِ الْقُدُسِ [1]،ثُمَّ قَالَ فِي جَمَاعَتِهِمْ: وَ أَيَّدَهُمْ بِرُوحٍ مِنْهُ [2]يَقُولُ أَكْرَمَهُمْ بِهَا وَ فَضَّلَهُمْ عَلَى مَنْ سِوَاهُمْ،فَهَؤُلاَءِ مَغْفُورٌ لَهُمْ مَصْفُوحٌ عَنْ ذُنُوبِهِمْ.
ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ أَصْحَابَ الْمَيْمَنَةِ،وَ هُمُ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ حَقّاً بِأَعْيَانِهِمْ،جَعَلَ اللَّهُ فِيهِمْ أَرْبَعَةَ أَرْوَاحٍ:رُوحَ الْإِيمَانِ،وَ رُوحَ الْقُوَّةِ،وَ رُوحَ الشَّهْوَةِ،وَ رُوحَ الْبَدَنِ،فَلاَ يَزَالُ الْعَبْدُ يَسْتَكْمِلُ هَذِهِ الْأَرْوَاحَ الْأَرْبَعَةَ حَتَّى تَأْتِيَ عَلَيْهِ حَالاَتٌ».
فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ:يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ،مَا هَذِهِ الْحَالاَتُ؟فَقَالَ:«أَمَّا أُولاَهُنَّ،فَهُوَ كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ مِنْكُمْ مَنْ يُرَدُّ إِلىٰ أَرْذَلِ الْعُمُرِ لِكَيْ لاٰ يَعْلَمَ بَعْدَ عِلْمٍ شَيْئاً [3]فَهَذَا يَنْتَقِصُ مِنْهُ جَمِيعُ الْأَرْوَاحِ،وَ لَيْسَ بِالَّذِي يُخْرِجُ مِنْ دِينِ اللَّهِ،لِأَنَّ الْفَاعِلَ بِهِ رَدَّهُ إِلَى أَرْذَلِ الْعُمُرِ،فَهُوَ لاَ يَعْرِفُ لِلصَّلاَةِ وَقْتاً،وَ لاَ يَسْتَطِيعُ التَّهَجُّدَ بِاللَّيْلِ وَ لاَ بِالنَّهَارِ،وَ[لاَ]الْقِيَامَ فِي الصَّفِّ مَعَ النَّاسِ،فَهَذَا نُقْصَانٌ مِنْ رُوحِ الْإِيمَانِ،وَ لَيْسَ يَضُرُّهُ شَيْئاً،وَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَنْتَقِصَ مِنْهُ رُوحُ الْقُوَّةِ،فَلاَ يَسْتَطِيعُ جِهَادَ عَدُوِّهِ،وَ لاَ يَسْتَطِيعُ طَلَبَ الْمَعِيشَةِ،وَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَنْتَقِصُ مِنْهُ رُوحُ الشَّهْوَةِ،فَلَوْ مَرَّتْ بِهِ أَصْبَحَ بَنَاتُ آدَمَ لَمْ يَحِنَّ إِلَيْهَا وَ لَمْ يَقُمْ،وَ تَبْقَى رُوحُ الْبَدَنِ
فِيهِ،فَهُوَ يَدِبُّ وَ يَدْرُجُ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَهُ مَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ،
99-/10376 (continued) Then he said: [Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, says:] "These are the messengers; We have made some of them to excel others. Among them are those to whom Allah spoke, and some He raised in rank, and We gave clear signs to ‘Isa son of Maryam and strengthened him with the Holy Spirit." [Surah Al-Baqarah 2:253, M. H. Shakir]
Then He said regarding their group: "And He strengthened them with a spirit from Himself" [Surah Al-Mujadila 58:22, M. H. Shakir], meaning He honored them with it and preferred them over others. So these are forgiven, their sins overlooked.
Then he mentioned the companions of the right hand, and they are the true believers in their persons. Allah placed within them four spirits: the Spirit of Faith, the Spirit of Strength, the Spirit of Desire, and the Spirit of the Body. The servant continues to complete these four spirits until certain states befall him.”
The man said: “O Commander of the Faithful, what are these states?” He said: “The first of them is as Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, says: ‘And of you is he who is brought back to the worst part of life so that after having knowledge he does not know anything’ [Surah An-Nahl 16:70, M. H. Shakir].
In this state, all the spirits begin to diminish in him. Yet this does not expel him from the religion of Allah, because the One acting upon him is the One who brought him to the lowest stage of life. In this state, he no longer knows the time for prayer, nor can he engage in night or day worship, nor stand in the rows with the people. This is a reduction in the Spirit of Faith, but it does not harm him.
Among them are those in whom the Spirit of Strength is reduced—they are unable to strive against their enemy or seek out a livelihood.
And among them are those in whom the Spirit of Desire is reduced—such that even if the most beautiful daughters of Adam were to pass before him, he would not be aroused nor would he have any desire.
But the Spirit of the Body remains in him, so he continues to move and walk until the Angel of Death comes to him.”
فَهَذَا الْحَالُ خَيْرٌ،لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ هُوَ الْفَاعِلُ بِهِ.وَ قَدْ تَأْتِي عَلَيْهِ حَالاَتٌ فِي قُوَّتِهِ وَ شَبَابِهِ فَيَهُمُّ بِالْخَطِيئَةِ،فَتُشَجِّعُهُ رُوحُ الْقُوَّةِ،وَ تُزَيِّنُ لَهُ رُوحُ الشَّهْوَةِ،وَ تَقُودُهُ رُوحُ الْبَدَنِ حَتَّى تُوقِعَهُ فِي الْخَطِيئَةِ،فَإِذَا لاَمَسَهَا نَقَصَ مِنَ الْإِيمَانِ،وَ تَفَصَّى [4]مِنْهُ،فَلَيْسَ يَعُودُ فِيهِ حَتَّى يَتُوبَ،فَإِذَا تَابَ تَابَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ،فَإِنْ عَادَ أَدْخَلَهُ اللَّهُ نَارَ جَهَنَّمَ.
فَأَمَّا أَصْحَابُ الْمَشْئَمَةِ،فَمِنْهُمْ [5]الْيَهُودُ وَ النَّصَارَى،يَقُولُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: اَلَّذِينَ آتَيْنٰاهُمُ الْكِتٰابَ يَعْرِفُونَهُ كَمٰا يَعْرِفُونَ أَبْنٰاءَهُمْ [6]يَعْرِفُونَ مُحَمَّداً وَ الْوَلاَيَةَ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ وَ الْإِنْجِيلِ،كَمَا يَعْرِفُونَ أَبْنَاءَهُمْ فِي مَنَازِلِهِمْ وَ إِنَّ فَرِيقاً مِنْهُمْ لَيَكْتُمُونَ الْحَقَّ وَ هُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ* اَلْحَقُّ مِنْ رَبِّكَ [7]فَلاٰ تَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الْمُمْتَرِينَ [8]،فَلَمَّا جَحَدُوا مَا عَرَفُوا ابْتَلاَهُمُ اللَّهُ بِذَلِكَ،فَسَلَبَهُمْ رُوحَ الْإِيمَانِ،وَ أَسْكَنَ أَبْدَانَهُمْ ثَلاَثَةَ أَرْوَاحٍ:رُوحَ الْقُوَّةِ،وَ رُوحَ الشَّهْوَةِ،وَ رُوحَ الْبَدَنِ،ثُمَّ أَضَافَهُمْ إِلَى الْأَنْعَامِ،فَقَالَ: إِنْ هُمْ إِلاّٰ كَالْأَنْعٰامِ [9]لِأَنَّ الدَّابَّةَ إِنَّمَا تَحْمِلُ بِرُوحِ الْقُوَّةِ وَ تَعْتَلِفُ بِرُوحِ
الشَّهْوَةِ،وَ تَسِيرُ بِرُوحِ الْبَدَنِ».
فَقَالَ السَّائِلُ:أَحْيَيْتَ قَلْبِي بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ،يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ.
99-/10376 (continued) “This state is better—because it is Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, who acts upon him.
But there may come upon him states during his strength and youth when he becomes inclined toward sin: the Spirit of Strength encourages him, the Spirit of Desire beautifies it for him, and the Spirit of the Body leads him until he falls into sin. Once he touches it, faith decreases in him and departs from him. It will not return to him until he repents. If he repents, Allah accepts his repentance. But if he returns [to the sin], Allah will admit him into the Fire of Hell.
As for the companions of the left hand, among them are the Jews and Christians. Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, says: ‘Those to whom We have given the Book recognize him as they recognize their sons’ [Surah Al-Baqarah 2:146, M. H. Shakir]—they recognize Muhammad and [the truth of] wilayah (divinely appointed leadership) in the Torah and the Gospel just as they recognize their sons in their homes. ‘And a party of them most surely conceal the truth while they know.’ ‘The truth is from your Lord, therefore you should not be of the doubters.’ [2:146–147, M. H. Shakir]
So when they denied what they knew, Allah afflicted them with it—He removed from them the Spirit of Faith and left in their bodies three spirits: the Spirit of Strength, the Spirit of Desire, and the Spirit of the Body.
Then He likened them to cattle, saying: ‘They are nothing but like cattle’ [Surah Al-Furqan 25:44, M. H. Shakir] —because the beast lives by the Spirit of Strength, eats by the Spirit of Desire, and moves by the Spirit of the Body.”
The questioner then said: “You have revived my heart, by Allah’s permission, O Commander of the Faithful.”
[1] البقرة 2:253.
[2] المجادلة 58:22.
[3] النحل 16:70.
[4] تفصّى من الشيء:تخلص.«لسان العرب 15:156».
[5] في المصدر:فهم.
[6] البقرة 2:146.
[7] في المصدر زيادة:أنك الرسول إليهم.
[8] البقرة 2:146،147.
[9] الفرقان 25:44.
Page 254 in Arabic
99-/10377 _7- ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ:بِإِسْنَادِهِ،عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ،قَالَ:قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ): «إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ قَسَمَ الْخَلْقَ قِسْمَيْنِ،فَجَعَلَنِي فِي خَيْرِهِمَا قِسْماً،وَ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِي[ذِكْرِ]أَصْحَابِ الْيَمِينِ،وَ أَصْحَابِ الشِّمَالِ [1]، وَ أَنَا خَيْرُ أَصْحَابِ الْيَمِينِ،ثُمَّ قَسَمَ الْقِسْمَيْنِ أَثْلاَثاً،فَجَعَلَنِي فِي خَيْرِهَا ثُلُثاً،لِقَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: فَأَصْحٰابُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ مٰا أَصْحٰابُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ* وَ أَصْحٰابُ الْمَشْئَمَةِ مٰا أَصْحٰابُ الْمَشْئَمَةِ* وَ السّٰابِقُونَ السّٰابِقُونَ [2]وَ أَنَا خَيْرُ السَّابِقِينَ، ثُمَّ جَعَلَ الْأَثْلاَثَ قَبَائِلَ،فَجَعَلَنِي مِنْ خَيْرِهَا قَبِيلَةً،وَ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: جَعَلْنٰاكُمْ شُعُوباً وَ قَبٰائِلَ لِتَعٰارَفُوا إِنَّ أَكْرَمَكُمْ عِنْدَ اللّٰهِ أَتْقٰاكُمْ [3]فَأَنَا أَتْقَى وُلْدِ آدَمَ،وَ أَكْرَمُهُمْ عَلَى اللَّهِ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ وَ لاَ أَفْخَرُ،ثُمَّ جَعَلَ القَبَائِلَ بُيُوتاً فَجَعَلَنِي فِي خَيْرِهَا بَيْتاً،وَ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: إِنَّمٰا يُرِيدُ اللّٰهُ لِيُذْهِبَ عَنْكُمُ الرِّجْسَ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ وَ يُطَهِّرَكُمْ تَطْهِيراً [4]».
99-/10377 Ibn Babuwayh: through his chain of transmission, from Ibn ‘Abbas, who said:
The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) said: “Indeed Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, divided creation into two groups, and placed me in the better of the two. That is His saying, the Mighty and Majestic, regarding the companions of the right hand and the companions of the left hand [Surah Al-Waqi‘ah 56:8–9, M. H. Shakir], and I am the best of the companions of the right hand.
Then He divided the two groups into three categories and placed me in the best of the thirds. That is His saying, the Mighty and Majestic: ‘Then (as to) the companions of the right hand; how happy are the companions of the right hand! And (as to) the companions of the left hand; how wretched are the companions of the left hand! And the foremost are the foremost’ [Surah Al-Waqi‘ah 56:8–10, M. H. Shakir], and I am the best of the foremost.
Then He divided the thirds into tribes and placed me in the best of them as a tribe. That is His saying, the Mighty and Majestic: ‘We have made you nations and tribes that you may know each other; surely the most honorable of you with Allah is the one among you most careful (of his duty)’ [Surah Al-Hujurat 49:13, M. H. Shakir]. I am the most God-fearing of the children of Adam and the most honorable in the sight of Allah, Glorified be His praise—and this is no boast.
Then He made the tribes into households, and He placed me in the best of them as a household. That is His saying, the Mighty and Majestic: ‘Allah only desires to keep away the uncleanness from you, O people of the House, and to purify you a (thorough) purifying.’ [Surah Al-Ahzab 33:33, M. H. Shakir].”
99-/10378 _8- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ النُعْمَانِيُّ،قَالَ:أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَسَّانَ الرَّازِيِّ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ،عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ كَثِيرٍ الرَّقِّيِّ،قَالَ: قُلْتُ:لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ):جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ،أَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ السّٰابِقُونَ السّٰابِقُونَ* أُولٰئِكَ الْمُقَرَّبُونَ .
قَالَ:«نَطَقَ اللَّهُ بِهَذَا يَوْمَ ذَرَأَ الْخَلْقَ فِي الْمِيثَاقِ،قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْلُقَ الْخَلْقَ بِأَلْفَيْ سَنَةٍ».
فَقُلْتُ:فَسِّرْ لِي ذَلِكَ؟فَقَالَ:«إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَمَّا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَخْلُقَ الْخَلْقَ مِنْ طِينٍ،وَ رَفَعَ لَهُمْ نَاراً،وَ قَالَ لَهُمُ:
ادْخُلُوهَا،فَكَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ دَخَلَهَا مُحَمَّدٌ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)وَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ الْحَسَنُ وَ الْحُسَيْنُ وَ تِسْعَةٌ مِنَ الْأَئِمَّةِ إِمَاماً بَعْدَ إِمَامٍ،ثُمَّ أَتْبَعَهُمْ شِيعَتَهُمْ،فَهُمْ وَ اللَّهِ السَّابِقُونَ
».
99-/10378 Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Nu‘mani said: Ali ibn al-Husayn narrated to us, from Muhammad ibn Yahya, from Muhammad ibn Hassan al-Razi, from Muhammad ibn ‘Ali, from Muhammad ibn Sinan, from Dawud ibn Kathir al-Raqqi, who said:
I said to Abu ‘Abdillah Ja‘far ibn Muhammad (peace be upon them both): “May I be your ransom, inform me about the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: ‘And the foremost are the foremost. These are they who are drawn near (to Allah)’ [Surah Al-Waqi‘ah 56:10–11, M. H. Shakir].”
He said: “Allah spoke this on the Day He created the creation in the covenant (al-mīthāq), two thousand years before creating [them physically].”
I said, “Explain that to me.” He said: “When Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, intended to create the creation from clay, He raised for them a fire and said to them: ‘Enter it.’ The first to enter it were Muhammad (peace be upon him and his family), the Commander of the Faithful (‘Ali), al-Hasan, al-Husayn, and nine Imams—one after another. Then He caused their followers (Shi‘ah) to follow them. By Allah, they are the foremost.”
99-/10379 _9- الشَّيْخُ فِي(مَجَالِسِهِ):أَخْبَرَنَا جَمَاعَةٌ،عَنْ أَبِي الْمُفَضَّلِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْهَمْدَانِيِّ بِالْكُوفَةِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُفَضَّلِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ قَيْسٍ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ، قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حَسَّانَ الْوَاسِطِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ،عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ،عَنِ الْحَسَنِ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)-فِي حَدِيثٍ صُلْحِهِ وَ مُعَاوِيَةَ-
_7) -أمالي الصدوق:1/503.
_8) -الغيبة:20/90.
_9) -الأمالي 2:175.
[1] في المصدر زيادة:و أنا من أصحاب اليمين.
[2] في المصدر زيادة:و أنا من السابقين.
[3] الحجرات 49:13.
[4] الأحزاب 33:33.
Page 255 in Arabic
فَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)فِي خُطْبَةٍ لَهُ: «فَصَدَّقَ أَبِي رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)سَابِقاً،وَ وَقَاهُ بِنَفْسِهِ،ثُمَّ لَمْ يَزَلْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)فِي كُلِّ مَوْطِنٍ يُقَدِّمُهُ،وَ لِكُلِّ
شَدِيدَةٍ يُرْسِلُهُ ثِقَةً مِنْهُ بِهِ وَ طُمَأْنِينَةً إِلَيْهِ،لِعِلْمِهِ بِنَصِيحَتِهِ لِلَّهِ[وَ رَسُولِهِ،وَ أَنَّهُ أَقْرَبُ الْمُقَرَّبِينَ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَ رَسُولِهِ،وَ قَدْ قَالَ اللَّهُ]عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ السّٰابِقُونَ السّٰابِقُونَ* أُولٰئِكَ الْمُقَرَّبُونَ وَ كَانَ أَبِي سَابِقَ السَّابِقِينَ إِلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ إِلَى رَسُولِهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،وَ أَقْرَبَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ».
وَ الْخُطْبَةُ تَقَدَّمَتْ بِتَمَامِهَا فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى إِنَّمٰا يُرِيدُ اللّٰهُ لِيُذْهِبَ عَنْكُمُ الرِّجْسَ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ وَ يُطَهِّرَكُمْ تَطْهِيراً [1].
99-/10379 Al-Hasan (peace be upon him) said in a sermon of his: "My father affirmed the truth of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) ahead of all others, and he protected him with his own self. From that point onward, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) would, in every circumstance, place him at the forefront, and in every hardship send him forth—trusting him and being at ease with him—because he knew his sincerity to Allah [and His Messenger], and that he was the nearest of the near to Allah and His Messenger. And Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, has said: ‘And the foremost are the foremost. These are they who are drawn near (to Allah)’ [Surah Al-Waqi‘ah 56:10–11, M. H. Shakir].
And my father was the foremost of the foremost to Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, and to His Messenger (peace be upon him and his family), and the closest of the close."
And the full sermon had already been cited previously under the verse: "Allah only desires to keep away the uncleanness from you, O people of the House, and to purify you a (thorough) purifying." [Surah Al-Ahzab 33:33, M. H. Shakir].
/10380 _10-محمّد بن العبّاس:عن أحمد بن محمّد الكاتب،عن حميد بن الربيع،عن الحسين بن الحسن الأشقر،عن سفيان بن عيينة،عن ابن أبي نجيح،عن عامر،عن ابن عبّاس،قال:سبق الناس ثلاثة:يوشع صاحب موسى(عليه السلام)إلى موسى،و صاحب يس إلى عيسى(عليه السلام)،و عليّ بن أبي طالب(عليه السلام)إلى النبيّ(صلّى اللّه عليه و آله)،و هو أفضلهم [2].
99-/10380 Muhammad ibn al-‘Abbas: from Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Kātib, from Humayd ibn al-Rabi‘, from al-Husayn ibn al-Hasan al-Ashqar, from Sufyan ibn ‘Uyaynah, from Ibn Abi Najih, from ‘Amir, from Ibn ‘Abbas, who said:
"Three individuals preceded the people: Yusha‘, the companion of Musa (peace be upon him), preceded Musa; the companion of Yasin preceded ‘Isa (peace be upon him); and ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him) preceded the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family)—and he is the best among them."
/10381 _11-و عنه،قال:حدّثنا علي بن [3]الحسين بن علي المقرئ،عن أبي بكر محمّد بن إبراهيم الجواني،عن محمّد بن عمرو الكوفيّ،عن حسين الأشقر،عن ابن عيينة،عن عمرو بن دينار،عن طاوس،عن ابن عباس،قال:السباق ثلاثة:حزقيل مؤمن آل فرعون إلى موسى،و حبيب صاحب يس إلى عيسى،و عليّ بن أبي طالب إلى النبيّ،و هو أفضلهم(صلوات اللّه عليهم أجمعين).
99-/10381 And from him: He said—Ali ibn al-Husayn ibn ‘Ali al-Muqri’ narrated to us, from Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Jawani, from Muhammad ibn ‘Amr al-Kufi, from al-Husayn al-Ashqar, from Ibn ‘Uyaynah, from ‘Amr ibn Dinar, from Tawus, from Ibn ‘Abbas, who said:
"The forerunners are three: Ḥizqīl, the believer from the family of Pharaoh, to Musa; Ḥabīb, the companion of Yasin, to ‘Isa; and ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon them all)—and he is the best among them. May Allah’s blessings be upon them all."
99-/10382 _12- وَ عَنْهُ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ بِإِسْنَادِهِ،عَنْ سُلَيْمِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ،عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ السّٰابِقُونَ السّٰابِقُونَ* أُولٰئِكَ الْمُقَرَّبُونَ ،قَالَ:«أَبِي أَسْبَقُ السَّابِقِينَ إِلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ إِلَى رَسُولِهِ،وَ أَقْرَبُ الْأَقْرَبِينَ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَ إِلَى رَسُولِهِ».
99-/10382 And from him: He said—Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Sa‘id narrated to us through his chain of transmission, from Sulaym ibn Qays, from al-Hasan ibn ‘Ali (peace be upon him), regarding the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "And the foremost are the foremost. These are they who are drawn near (to Allah)" [Surah Al-Waqi‘ah 56:10–11, M. H. Shakir]—he said: "My father is the foremost of the foremost to Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, and to His Messenger, and the closest of the close to Allah and to His Messenger."
99-/10383 _13- الطَّبْرِسِيُّ؛عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «السَّابِقُونَ أَرْبَعَةٌ:اِبْنُ آدَمَ الْمَقْتُولُ،وَ سَابِقُ أُمَّةِ مُوسَى(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)وَ هُوَ مُؤْمِنُ آلِ فِرْعَوْنَ،وَ سَابِقُ أُمَّةِ عِيسَى(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)وَ هُوَ حَبِيبٌ النَّجَّارُ،وَ السَّابِقُ فِي امَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)وَ هُوَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)».
99-/10383 Al-Tabrisi: from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), who said: "The foremost are four: the son of Adam who was killed; the foremost of the nation of Musa (peace be upon him)—and he is the believer from the family of Pharaoh; the foremost of the nation of ‘Isa (peace be upon him)—and he is Ḥabīb the carpenter; and the foremost in the nation of Muhammad (peace be upon him and his family)—and he is ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him)."
_10) -تأويل الآيات 2:2/641.
_11) -تأويل الآيات 2:3/641.
_12) -تأويل الآيات 2:4/642.
_13) -مجمع البيان 9:325.
_14) -....ينابيع المودة:15،عن الثعلبي،شواهد التنزيل 2:669/29.
[1] تقدّمت في الحديث(24)من تفسير الآية(33)من سورة الأحزاب.
[2] (و هو أفضلهم)ليس في المصدر.
[3] «علي بن»ليس في المصدر.
Page 256 in Arabic
99-/10384 _14- وَ مِنْ طَرِيقِ الْمُخَالِفِينَ:اَلثَّعْلَبِيُّ،رَفَعَهُ إِلَى الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ،قَالَ:قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ): «إِنَّ اللَّهَ سُبْحَانَهُ وَ تَعَالَى قَسَمَ الْخَلْقَ قِسْمَيْنِ،فَجَعَلَنِي فِي خَيْرِهِمَا قِسْماً،فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ:
وَ أَصْحٰابُ الْيَمِينِ مٰا أَصْحٰابُ الْيَمِينِ [1] ،فَأَنَا خَيْرُ أَصْحَابِ الْيَمِينِ،ثُمَّ جَعَلَ الْقِسْمَ أَثْلاَثاً،فَجَعَلَنِي فِي خَيْرِهِمَا قِسْماً،فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: فَأَصْحٰابُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ مٰا أَصْحٰابُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ* وَ أَصْحٰابُ الْمَشْئَمَةِ مٰا أَصْحٰابُ الْمَشْئَمَةِ* وَ السّٰابِقُونَ السّٰابِقُونَ فَأَنَا مِنَ السَّابِقِينَ،وَ أَنَا خَيْرُ السَّابِقِينَ،ثُمَّ جَعَلَ الْأَثْلاَثَ قَبَائِلَ،فَجَعَلَنِي فِي خَيْرِهَا قَبِيلَةً،وَ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: جَعَلْنٰاكُمْ شُعُوباً وَ قَبٰائِلَ لِتَعٰارَفُوا إِنَّ أَكْرَمَكُمْ عِنْدَ اللّٰهِ أَتْقٰاكُمْ [2]،فَأَنَا أَتْقَى وُلْدِ آدَمَ وَ أَكْرَمُهُمْ عَلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ لاَ فَخْرَ،ثُمَّ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ القَبَائِلَ بُيُوتاً،فَجَعَلَنِي فِي خَيْرِهَا بَيْتاً،فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ: إِنَّمٰا يُرِيدُ اللّٰهُ لِيُذْهِبَ عَنْكُمُ الرِّجْسَ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ وَ يُطَهِّرَكُمْ تَطْهِيراً [3]».
99-/10384 And from the path of the opponents: Al-Tha‘labī, in a marfū‘ narration, to al-‘Abbas ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib, who said:
The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) said: "Indeed, Allah, Glorified and Exalted, divided creation into two groups, and He placed me in the better of the two. That is His saying: ‘And the companions of the right hand, how happy are the companions of the right hand!’ [Surah Al-Waqi‘ah 56:27, M. H. Shakir] —and I am the best of the companions of the right hand.
Then He divided that group into three parts, and He placed me in the best of them. That is His saying, the Exalted: ‘Then (as to) the companions of the right hand; how happy are the companions of the right hand! And (as to) the companions of the left hand; how wretched are the companions of the left hand! And the foremost are the foremost’ [Surah Al-Waqi‘ah 56:8–10, M. H. Shakir]. I am from the foremost, and I am the best of the foremost.
Then He made the thirds into tribes, and He placed me in the best of them as a tribe. That is His saying, the Exalted: ‘We have made you nations and tribes that you may know each other; surely the most honorable of you with Allah is the one among you most careful (of his duty)’ [Surah Al-Hujurat 49:13, M. H. Shakir]. I am the most God-conscious of the children of Adam and the most honored before Allah, the Mighty and Majestic—and this is no boast.
Then Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, made the tribes into households, and He placed me in the best of them as a household. That is His saying: ‘Allah only desires to keep away the uncleanness from you, O people of the House, and to purify you a (thorough) purifying.’ [Surah Al-Ahzab 33:33, M. H. Shakir]."
الثَّعْلَبِيُّ:قَالَ:أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ،حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يُوسُفَ بْنِ مَالِكٍ،حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ زِيَادٍ الرَّازِيُّ،حَدَّثَنَا الْحَارِثُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَارِثِيُّ،حَدَّثَنَا قَيْسُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ،عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ،عَنْ عَبَايَةَ بْنِ رِبْعِيٍّ،عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ،قَالَ:قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):«قَسَمَ اللَّهُ الْخَلْقَ قِسْمَيْنِ».اَلْحَدِيثَ سَوَاءً [4].
99-/10385 Al-Tha‘labī said: Abu ‘Abdillah informed me, who said: ‘Abdullah ibn Ahmad ibn Yusuf ibn Malik narrated to us, who said: Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Ziyad al-Razi narrated to us, who said: al-Harith ibn ‘Abdillah al-Hārithī narrated to us, who said: Qays ibn al-Rabi‘, from al-A‘mash, from ‘Abayah ibn Rib‘i, from Ibn ‘Abbas, who said:
The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) said: "Allah divided the creation into two groups..."
—The hadith continues with the same content [al-ḥadīth sawā’an], i.e., in wording and meaning, as previously narrated.
/10385 _15-أبو نعيم الحافظ:عن رجاله،مرفوعا إلى ابن عبّاس،قال:سابق هذه الأمة عليّ بن أبي طالب(عليه السلام).
99-/10386 Abu Nu‘aym al-Hāfiẓ: from his chain of narrators, in a marfū‘ narration to Ibn ‘Abbas, who said:
"The forerunner (sābiq) of this nation is ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him)."
/10386 _16-الفقيه ابن المغازلي في(المناقب):في قوله تعالى: وَ السّٰابِقُونَ السّٰابِقُونَ ،يرفعه إلى ابن عباس،قال:السباق ثلاثة [5]:سبق يوشع بن نون إلى موسى(عليه السلام)،و سبق صاحب يس إلى عيسى(عليه السلام)، و سبق علي(عليه السلام)إلى محمد(صلّى اللّه عليه و آله)،و هو أفضلهم [6].
99-/10387 Al-Faqih Ibn al-Maghāzili in Al-Manāqib, regarding the saying of Allah, the Exalted: "And the foremost are the foremost" [Surah Al-Waqi‘ah 56:10, M. H. Shakir], raises the chain to Ibn ‘Abbas, who said:
"The forerunners are three: Yusha‘ ibn Nun preceded Musa (peace be upon him), the companion of Yasin preceded ‘Isa (peace be upon him), and ‘Ali (peace be upon him) preceded Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family)—and he is the best of them."