S 2 A 88

بقرة آيه 88

99-/548 _3- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ جَابِرٍ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: أَمَّا قَوْلُهُ: أَ فَكُلَّمٰا جٰاءَكُمْ رَسُولٌ بِمٰا لاٰ تَهْوىٰ أَنْفُسُكُمُ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ:«ذَلِكَ مِثْلُ مُوسَى وَ الرُّسُلِ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ وَ عِيسَى(صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ)،ضَرَبَ مَثَلاً لِأُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،فَقَالَ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ:فَإِنْ جَاءَكُمْ مُحَمَّدٌ بِمَا لاَ تَهْوَى أَنْفُسُكُمْ بِمُوَالاَةِ عَلِيٍّ اسْتَكْبَرْتُمْ؛فَفَرِيقاً مِنْ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَذَّبْتُمْ،وَ فَرِيقاً تَقْتُلُونَ،فَذَلِكَ تَفْسِيرُهَا فِي الْبَاطِنِ».

99-/548 _3- Al-‘Ayyashi: from Jabir, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), who said: As for His saying: “Is it that whenever there came to you a messenger with what your souls did not desire…,” Abu Ja‘far said: “That is like Moses and the messengers after him, and Jesus (blessings of Allah be upon them). He struck a parable for the community of Muhammad (Allah bless him and his family), so Allah said to them: If Muhammad comes to you with what your selves do not desire—namely, the loyalty to ‘Ali—you grow arrogant; so a group of the Family of Muhammad you will belie, and a group you will kill. That is its inner interpretation.”

قوله تعالى:

وَ قٰالُوا قُلُوبُنٰا غُلْفٌ بَلْ لَعَنَهُمُ اللّٰهُ بِكُفْرِهِمْ فَقَلِيلاً مٰا يُؤْمِنُونَ[88]

(Qur’an 2:88) And they say: Our hearts are covered. Nay, Allah has cursed them on account of their unbelief; so little it is that they believe. (M. H. Shakir)

99-/549 _1- قَالَ الْإِمَامُ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ قٰالُوا يَعْنِي هَؤُلاَءِ الْيَهُودَ الَّذِي أَرَاهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)الْمُعْجِزَاتِ الْمَذْكُورَاتِ عِنْدَ قَوْلِهِ: فَهِيَ كَالْحِجٰارَةِ [1]الْآيَةَ قُلُوبُنٰا غُلْفٌ أَوْعِيَةٌ لِلْخَيْرِ وَ الْعُلُومُ،قَدْ أَحَاطَتْ بِهَا وَ اشْتَمَلَتْ عَلَيْهَا،ثُمَّ هِيَ مَعَ ذَلِكَ لاَ تَعْرِفُ لَكَ-يَا مُحَمَّدُ-فَضْلاً مَذْكُوراً فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ كُتُبِ اللَّهِ،وَ لاَ عَلَى لِسَانِ أَحَدٍ مِنْ أَنْبِيَاءِ اللَّهِ.

فَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى رَدّاً عَلَيْهِمْ: بَلْ لَيْسَ كَمَا يَقُولُونَ أَوْعِيَةٌ لِلْعُلُومِ،وَ لَكِنْ قَدْ لَعَنَهُمُ اللّٰهُ أَبْعَدَهُمُ اللَّهُ مِنَ الْخَيْرِ فَقَلِيلاً مٰا يُؤْمِنُونَ قَلِيلٌ إِيمَانُهُمْ،يُؤْمِنُونَ بِبَعْضِ مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ،وَ يَكْفُرُونَ بِبَعْضٍ،فَإِذَا كَذَّبُوا مُحَمَّداً فِي سَائِرِ مَا يَقُولُ:فَقَدْ صَارَ مَا كَذَّبُوا بِهِ أَكْثَرَ،وَ مَا صَدَّقُوا بِهِ أَقَلَّ.

وَ إِذَا قُرِئَ(غُلُفٌ) [2]فَإِنَّهُمْ قَالُوا:قُلُوبُنَا غُلُفٌ فِي غِطَاءٍ،فَلاَ نَفْهَمُ كَلاَمَكَ وَ حَدِيثَكَ،نَحْوُ مَا قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ قٰالُوا قُلُوبُنٰا فِي أَكِنَّةٍ مِمّٰا تَدْعُونٰا إِلَيْهِ وَ فِي آذٰانِنٰا وَقْرٌ وَ مِنْ بَيْنِنٰا وَ بَيْنِكَ حِجٰابٌ [3]وَ كِلاَ الْقِرَاءَتَيْنِ حَقٌّ،وَ قَدْ قَالُوا بِهَذَا وَ بِهَذَا جَمِيعاً.

ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):مَعَاشِرَ الْيَهُودِ،تُعَانِدُونَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ،وَ تَأْبَوْنَ الاِعْتِرَافَ بِأَنَّكُمْ كُنْتُمْ بِذُنُوبِكُمْ مِنَ الْجَاهِلِينَ،إِنَّ اللَّهَ لاَ يُعَذِّبُ بِهَا أَحَداً،وَ لاَ يُزِيلُ عَنْ فَاعِلِ هَذَا عَذَابَهُ أَبَداً،إِنَّ آدَمَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)لَمْ يَقْتَرِحْ عَلَى رَبِّهِ الْمَغْفِرَةَ لِذَنْبِهِ إِلاَّ بِالتَّوْبَةِ،فَكَيْفَ تَقْتَرِحُونَهَا أَنْتُمْ مَعَ عِنَادِكُمْ؟! قِيلَ:وَ كَيْفَ كَانَ ذَاكَ،يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟

99-/549 _1- Imam al-‘Askari (peace be upon him) said: “Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: ‘And they said’—meaning these Jews to whom the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and his family) showed the miracles mentioned at His word: ‘so they are like stones’ [1]—‘Our hearts are ghulf,’ that is, vessels for goodness and knowledge, which have encompassed and contained it; yet with all that, they do not recognize for you—O Muhammad—any mentioned virtue in any of the Books of Allah, nor upon the tongue of any of Allah’s prophets.

“So Allah, exalted, said in refutation of them: Nay, it is not as they say—vessels for knowledge—but rather Allah has cursed them, Allah has cast them far from good; so little do they believe—their faith is little. They believe in some of what Allah has sent down and disbelieve in some. Thus, when they belie Muhammad in the rest of what he says, what they belie becomes greater and what they affirm becomes less.

“And if it is read as (ghuluf) [2], then they said: ‘Our hearts are in a covering; we do not understand your speech and your discourse,’ similar to what Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: ‘And they say: Our hearts are in coverings from what you call us to, and in our ears is a heaviness, and between us and you is a barrier’ [3]. Both readings are true, and they indeed said both of these.”

Then the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and his family) said: “O assembly of Jews, you contend obstinately with the Messenger of Allah, the Lord of the worlds, and you refuse to acknowledge that, owing to your sins, you were among the ignorant. Allah does not punish anyone for them, nor will He ever remove His punishment from one who does this. Adam (peace be upon him) did not seek from his Lord forgiveness for his sin except through repentance; so how do you seek it while you persist in obstinacy?” It was asked: “And how was that, O Messenger of Allah?”

_3) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:68/49.

Tafsir al-‘Ayyāshī 1:68/49.

_1) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السّلام):266/390 و 267.

al-Tafsīr al-mansūb ilā al-Imām al-‘Askarī (alayhi al-salām): 266/390 wa 267.

[1] البقرة 2:74.

al-Baqara 2:74.

[2] القراءة المشهورة(غلف)بسكون اللاّم،و روي في الشواذ(غلف)بضمّ اللاّم،و الأولى جمع»الأغلف)مثل(أحمر و حمر)،و الثانية جمع (غلاف)مثل(حمار و حمر).«مجمع البيان للطبرسيّ 1:308».

al-qirā’a al-mashhūra (ghulf) bi-sukūn al-lām, wa ruwiya fī al-shawādh (ghuluf) bi-ḍamm al-lām, wa al-ūlā jam‘ (al-aghlaf) mithl (aḥmar wa ḥumr), wa al-thāniya jam‘ (ghilāf) mithl (ḥimār wa ḥumur). “Majma‘ al-bayān li-l-Ṭabrisī 1:308.”

[3] فصّلت 41:5.

Fussilat 41:5.

فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):لَمَّا زَلَّتِ الْخَطِيئَةُ مِنْ آدَمَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)وَ أُخْرِجَ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ وَ عُوتِبَ وَ وُبِّخَ،قَالَ:يَا رَبِّ،إِنْ تُبْتُ وَ أَصْلَحْتُ،أَ تَرُدُّنِي إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ؟قَالَ:بَلَى.قَالَ آدَمُ:فَكَيْفَ أَصْنَعُ-يَا رَبِّ-حَتَّى أَكُونَ تَائِباً وَ تَقْبَلَ تَوْبَتِي؟ فَقَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ:تُسَبِّحُنِي بِمَا أَنَا أَهْلُهُ،وَ تَعْتَرِفُ بِخَطِيئَتِكَ كَمَا أَنْتَ أَهْلُهُ،وَ تَتَوَسَّلُ إِلَيَّ بِالْفَاضِلِينَ الَّذِينَ عَلَّمْتُكَ أَسْمَاءَهُمْ،وَ فَضَّلْتُكَ بِهِمْ عَلَى مَلاَئِكَتِي،وَ هُمْ مُحَمَّدٌ وَ آلُهُ الطَّيِّبُونَ،وَ أَصْحَابُهُ الْخَيِّرُونَ.

فَوَفَّقَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى،فَقَالَ:يَا رَبِّ،لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ أَنْتَ سُبْحَانَكَ وَ بِحَمْدِكَ،عَمِلْتُ سُوءاً وَ ظَلَمْتُ نَفْسِي،فَارْحَمْنِي وَ أَنْتَ أَرْحَمُ الرَّاحِمِينَ،بِحَقِّ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ الطَّيِّبِينَ وَ خِيَارِ أَصْحَابِهِ الْمُنْتَجَبِينَ،سُبْحَانَكَ وَ بِحَمْدِكَ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ أَنْتَ، عَمِلْتُ سُوءاً وَ ظَلَمْتُ نَفْسِي،فَتُبْ عَلَيَّ إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ،بِحَقِّ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ الطَّيِّبِينَ وَ خِيَارِ أَصْحَابِهِ الْمُنْتَجَبِينَ.

فَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى:لَقَدْ قَبِلْتُ تَوْبَتَكَ،وَ آيَةُ ذَلِكَ أَنْ [1] أُنَقِّيَ بَشَرَتَكَ فَقَدْ تَغَيَّرَتْ-وَ كَانَ ذَلِكَ لِثَلاَثَةَ عَشَرَ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ-فَصُمْ هَذِهِ الثَّلاَثَةَ أَيَّامٍ الَّتِي تَسْتَقْبِلُكَ،فَهِيَ أَيَّامُ الْبِيضِ،يُنَقِّي اللَّهُ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ بَعْضَ بَشَرَتِكَ؛فَصَامَهَا فَنُقِّيَ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ مِنْهَا ثُلُثُ بَشَرَتِهِ.فَعِنْدَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ آدَمُ:يَا رَبِّ،مَا أَعْظَمَ شَأْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ وَ خِيَارِ أَصْحَابِهِ؟! فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ:يَا آدَمُ،إِنَّكَ لَوْ عَرَفْتَ كُنْهَ جَلاَلِ مُحَمَّدٍ عِنْدِي وَ آلِهِ وَ خِيَارِ أَصْحَابِهِ،لَأَحْبَبْتَهُ حُبّاً يَكُونُ أَفْضَلَ أَعْمَالِكَ؛قَالَ:يَا رَبِّ،عَرِّفْنِي لِأَعْرِفَ.

قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى:يَا آدَمُ،إِنَّ مُحَمَّداً لَوْ وُزِنَ بِهِ جَمِيعُ الْخَلْقِ مِنَ النَّبِيِّينَ وَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ وَ الْمَلاَئِكَةِ الْمُقَرَّبِينَ وَ سَائِرِ عِبَادِيَ الصَّالِحِينَ مِنْ أَوَّلِ الدَّهْرِ إِلَى آخِرِهِ وَ مِنَ الثَّرَى إِلَى الْعَرْشِ لَرَجَحَ بِهِ،وَ إِنَّ رَجُلاً مِنْ خِيَارِ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ لَوْ وُزِنَ بِهِ جَمِيعُ آلِ النَّبِيِّينَ لَرَجَحَ بِهِمْ،وَ إِنَّ رَجُلاً مِنْ خِيَارِ أَصْحَابِ مُحَمَّدٍ لَوْ وُزِنَ بِهِ جَمِيعُ أَصْحَابِ الْمُرْسَلِينَ لَرَجَحَ بِهِمْ.

يَا آدَمُ،لَوْ أَحَبَّ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْكُفَّارِ أَوْ جَمِيعُهُمْ رَجُلاً مِنْ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ أَصْحَابِهِ الْخَيِّرِينَ لَكَافَأَهُ اللَّهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ بِأَنْ يَخْتِمَ لَهُ بِالتَّوْبَةِ وَ الْإِيمَانِ،ثُمَّ يُدْخِلُهُ اللَّهُ الْجَنَّةَ،إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَيُفِيضُ عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ مُحِبِّي مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ أَصْحَابِهِ مِنَ الرَّحْمَةِ مَا لَوْ قُسِمَتْ عَلَى عَدَدٍ كَعَدَدِ كُلِّ مَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى مِنْ أَوَّلِ الدَّهْرِ إِلَى آخِرِهِ-وَ إِنْ كَانُوا كُفَّاراً-لَكَفَاهُمْ، وَ لَأَدَّاهُمْ إِلَى عَاقِبَةٍ مَحْمُودَةٍ:اَلْإِيمَانِ بِاللَّهِ حَتَّى يَسْتَحِقُّوا بِهِ الْجَنَّةَ،وَ إِنَّ رَجُلاً مِمَّنْ يُبْغِضُ آلَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ أَصْحَابَهُ الْخَيِّرِينَ أَوْ وَاحِداً مِنْهُمْ لَعَذَّبَهُ اللَّهُ عَذَاباً لَوْ قُسِمَ عَلَى مِثْلِ عَدَدِ مَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ لَأَهْلَكَهُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ».

99-/549 _1- The Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and his family) said: “When the slip of sin occurred from Adam (peace be upon him) and he was expelled from Paradise and reproached and rebuked, he said: ‘My Lord, if I repent and set things aright, will You return me to Paradise?’ He said: ‘Yes.’ Adam said: ‘How shall I act, my Lord, so that I may be repentant and You accept my repentance?’ Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: ‘Glorify Me as I am worthy to be glorified, confess your sin as you are worthy to confess it, and seek nearness to Me by the eminent ones whose names I taught you and by whom I preferred you over My angels—they are Muhammad and his pure Family, and his righteous Companions.’

“So Allah, exalted, granted him success, and he said: ‘My Lord, there is no god but You; glory be to You and with Your praise. I have done evil and wronged myself, so have mercy on me, for You are the Most Merciful of the merciful, by the right of Muhammad and his pure Family and his chosen, excellent Companions. Glory be to You and with Your praise; there is no god but You. I have done evil and wronged myself, so turn to me in mercy; surely You are the Oft-Returning, the Merciful, by the right of Muhammad and his pure Family and his chosen, excellent Companions.’

“Allah, exalted, said: ‘I have indeed accepted your repentance, and the sign of that is that I will purify your skin, for it has changed—and that was on the thirteenth of the month of Ramadan—so fast these three days that are coming to you; they are the white days. Allah will purify part of your skin each day.’ So he fasted them, and a third of his skin was purified on each of those days. Thereupon Adam said: ‘My Lord, how tremendous is the rank of Muhammad and his Family and his excellent Companions!’ Allah revealed to him: ‘O Adam, if you knew the very essence of Muhammad’s majesty with Me, and that of his Family and his excellent Companions, you would love him with a love that would be the best of your deeds.’ He said: ‘My Lord, make me know so that I may know.’

“Allah, exalted, said: ‘O Adam, if Muhammad were weighed against all creation—the prophets and messengers and the near angels and the rest of My righteous servants—from the beginning of time to its end, and from the dust to the Throne—he would outweigh them. And if a man from the elect of the Family of Muhammad were weighed against all the families of the prophets, he would outweigh them. And if a man from the elect of the Companions of Muhammad were weighed against all the companions of the messengers, he would outweigh them.

‘O Adam, if a man from among the unbelievers—or all of them—were to love a man from the Family of Muhammad and his righteous Companions, Allah would recompense him for that by sealing his life with repentance and faith, then Allah would admit him into Paradise. Indeed, Allah pours upon each one of the lovers of Muhammad and the Family of Muhammad and his Companions such mercy that, were it distributed over a number like the number of all that Allah, exalted, has created from the beginning of time to its end—even if they were unbelievers—it would suffice them and bring them to a praiseworthy outcome: faith in Allah, such that by it they become deserving of Paradise. And indeed, a man who hates the Family of Muhammad and his righteous Companions—or any one of them—Allah would punish him with a punishment that, if divided among a number like the number of what Allah has created, would destroy them all.’”

قوله تعالى:

وَ لَمّٰا جٰاءَهُمْ كِتٰابٌ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللّٰهِ مُصَدِّقٌ لِمٰا مَعَهُمْ وَ كٰانُوا مِنْ قَبْلُ يَسْتَفْتِحُونَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فَلَمّٰا جٰاءَهُمْ مٰا عَرَفُوا كَفَرُوا بِهِ فَلَعْنَةُ اللّٰهِ عَلَى الْكٰافِرِينَ[89]

(Qur’an 2:89) And when there came to them a Book from Allah verifying that which they have, and aforetime they used to pray for victory against those who disbelieve; but when there came to them that which they knew, they disbelieved in it; so Allah’s curse is on the unbelievers. (M. H. Shakir)

[1] في المصدر:أني.

fī al-maṣdar: annī.