Al-Hajj Ayah 60

سورة الحج 22:57-59

وَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَ كَذَّبُوا بِآيٰاتِنٰا فَأُولٰئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذٰابٌ مُهِينٌ. وَ الَّذِينَ هٰاجَرُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللّٰهِ ثُمَّ قُتِلُوا أَوْ مٰاتُوا لَيَرْزُقَنَّهُمُ اللّٰهُ رِزْقاً حَسَناً وَ إِنَّ اللّٰهَ لَهُوَ خَيْرُ الرّٰازِقِينَ. لَيُدْخِلَنَّهُمْ مُدْخَلاً يَرْضَوْنَهُ وَ إِنَّ اللّٰهَ لَعَلِيمٌ حَلِيمٌ

Shakir: And as for those who disbelieve and reject Our communications, these it is who shall have a disgraceful chastisement. And (as for) those who fly for Allah’s sake then are slain or they die, Allah will most certainly grant them a goodly sustenance; and most surely Allah is the best of sustainers. He will certainly cause them to enter a place of entrance which they shall be well pleased with, and most surely Allah is Knowing, Forbearing.

علي بن إبراهيم، في قوله تعالى: وَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَ كَذَّبُوا بِآيٰاتِنٰا قال: و لم يؤمنوا بولاية أمير المؤمنين و الأئمة(عليهم السلام) فَأُولٰئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذٰابٌ مُهِينٌ. ثم ذكر النبيّ و المهاجرين من أصحاب النبيّ(صلّى اللّه عليه و آله)، فقال: وَ الَّذِينَ هٰاجَرُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللّٰهِ ثُمَّ قُتِلُوا أَوْ مٰاتُوا لَيَرْزُقَنَّهُمُ اللّٰهُ رِزْقاً حَسَناً -إلى قوله- لَعَلِيمٌ حَلِيمٌ.

99-/7412 — ‘Ali b. Ibrahim, regarding His saying: “And those who disbelieved and denied Our signs,” said: they did not believe in the guardianship of the Commander of the Faithful and the Imams (peace be upon them); “so these it is who shall have a disgraceful chastisement.” Then He mentioned the Prophet and the Emigrants from the companions of the Prophet (may Allah bless him and his family), saying: “And those who migrate in Allah’s way, then are slain or die, Allah will most certainly grant them a goodly sustenance …” up to “Knowing, Forbearing.”

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ هَمَّامٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ دَاوُدَ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)، فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ الَّذِينَ هٰاجَرُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللّٰهِ ثُمَّ قُتِلُوا أَوْ مٰاتُوا إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: إِنَّ اللّٰهَ لَعَلِيمٌ حَلِيمٌ. قَالَ: «نَزَلَتْ فِي أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) خَاصَّةً».

99-/7413 — Muhammad b. al-‘Abbas said: Muhammad b. Hammam narrated to us, from Muhammad b. Isma‘il, from ‘Isa b. Dawud, from Musa b. Ja‘far, from his father (peace be upon them), regarding the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: “And those who migrate in Allah’s way, then are slain or die … up to His saying: Surely Allah is Knowing, Forbearing.” He said: “It was revealed specifically about the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him).”

سورة الحج 22:60

ذٰلِكَ وَ مَنْ عٰاقَبَ بِمِثْلِ مٰا عُوقِبَ بِهِ ثُمَّ بُغِيَ عَلَيْهِ لَيَنْصُرَنَّهُ اللّٰهُ إِنَّ اللّٰهَ لَعَفُوٌّ غَفُورٌ

Shakir: That (shall be so); and whoever retaliates with the like of what he has been made to suffer and he is oppressed, Allah will certainly aid him; surely Allah is Pardoning, Forgiving.

علي بن إبراهيم: فهو رسول اللّه(صلّى اللّه عليه و آله)، لما أخرجته قريش من مكّة، و هرب منهم إلى الغار، و طلبوه ليقتلوه، فعاقبهم اللّه يوم بدر، فقتل عتبة، و شيبة، و الوليد، و أبو جهل، و حنظلة بن أبي سفيان و غيرهم، فلما قبض رسول اللّه(صلّى اللّه عليه و آله) طلب بدمائهم، فقتل الحسين(عليه السلام)، و آل محمد(عليهم السلام) بغياً و عدواناً، و هو قول يزيد، حين تمثل بهذا الشعر:

ليت أشياخي ببدر شهدوا

جزع الخزرج من وقع الأسل

99-/7414 — ‘Ali b. Ibrahim: It refers to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family). When Quraysh expelled him from Mecca, he fled from them to the cave, and they sought him to kill him; so Allah requited them on the Day of Badr, and ‘Utbah, Shaybah, al-Walid, Abu Jahl, Hanzalah b. Abi Sufyan and others were killed. Then when the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) was taken (passed away), vengeance was sought for their blood, so al-Husayn (peace be upon him) and the Family of Muhammad (peace be upon them) were killed in aggression and injustice. And it is the saying of Yazid when he recited this verse of poetry:

“Would that my elders at Badr had witnessed

the panic of Khazraj at the strike of the spears.”

لأهلوا و استهلوا فرحا

ثم قالوا: يا يزيد، لا تشل

لست من خندف إن لم أنتقم

من بني أحمد ما كان فعل

قد قتلنا القرم من ساداتهم

و عدلناه ببدر فاعتدل

و قال الشاعر في مثل ذلك:

و كذلك الشيخ أوصاني به

فاتبعت الشيخ فيما قد سأل

و قال أيضا شعراً:

يقول و الرأس مطروح يقلبه

يا ليت أشياخنا الماضين بالحضر

حتى يقيسوا قياساً لا يقاس به

أيام بدر لكان الوزن بالقدر

فقال اللّه تبارك و تعالى: وَ مَنْ عٰاقَبَ يعني رسول اللّه(صلّى اللّه عليه و آله) بِمِثْلِ مٰا عُوقِبَ بِهِ حين أرادوا أن يقتلوه ثُمَّ بُغِيَ عَلَيْهِ لَيَنْصُرَنَّهُ اللّٰهُ يعني بالقائم(عليه السلام) من ولده.

— They would have raised cries and rejoiced,

then said: “O Yazid, may your hand not be paralyzed.

You are not of Khandaf if you do not take revenge

for what the sons of Ahmad did.”

We have killed the noble chief among their leaders,

and we set it off against Badr, so it was balanced.

And a poet said similarly:

“And thus did the elder enjoin me to it,

so I followed the elder in what he asked.”

And he also said in verse:

“He says, while the head lies severed, turned about:

Would that our elders who passed away in the settlement were present,

so that they could measure a measure beyond compare—

the days of Badr—then the scale would be by destiny.”

So Allah, Blessed and Exalted, said: “And whoever retaliated”—meaning the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family)—“with the like of what he had been made to suffer,” when they wanted to kill him, “then he was oppressed, Allah will certainly aid him,” meaning by the Qa’im (peace be upon him) from among his offspring.

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ هَمَّامٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ دَاوُدَ، عَنِ الْإِمَامِ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)، قَالَ: «سَمِعْتُ أَبِي مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) كَثِيراً مَا يُرَدِّدُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: وَ مَنْ عٰاقَبَ بِمِثْلِ مٰا عُوقِبَ بِهِ ثُمَّ بُغِيَ عَلَيْهِ لَيَنْصُرَنَّهُ اللّٰهُ. قُلْتُ: يَا أَبَتِ—جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ—أَحْسَبُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ نَزَلَتْ فِي أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) خَاصَّةً؟ [قَالَ: «نَعَمْ».]

99-/7415 — Muhammad b. al-‘Abbas said: Muhammad b. Hammam narrated to us, from Muhammad b. Isma‘il, from ‘Isa b. Dawud, from Imam Musa b. Ja‘far, from his father (peace be upon them), who said: “I often heard my father, Muhammad b. ‘Ali (peace be upon him), repeat this verse: ‘And whoever retaliates with the like of what he has been made to suffer, then he is oppressed, Allah will certainly aid him.’ I said: ‘O my father—may I be ransomed for you—I suppose this verse was revealed specifically about the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him)?’ [He said: ‘Yes.’]”

سورة الحج 22:67-70

لِكُلِّ أُمَّةٍ جَعَلْنٰا مَنْسَكاً هُمْ نٰاسِكُوهُ فَلاٰ يُنٰازِعُنَّكَ فِي الْأَمْرِ وَ ادْعُ إِلىٰ رَبِّكَ إِنَّكَ لَعَلىٰ هُدىً مُسْتَقِيمٍ. وَ إِنْ جٰادَلُوكَ فَقُلِ اللّٰهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمٰا تَعْمَلُونَ. اللّٰهُ يَحْكُمُ بَيْنَكُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيٰامَةِ فِيمٰا كُنْتُمْ فِيهِ تَخْتَلِفُونَ. أَ لَمْ تَعْلَمْ أَنَّ اللّٰهَ يَعْلَمُ مٰا فِي السَّمٰاءِ وَ الْأَرْضِ إِنَّ ذٰلِكَ فِي كِتٰابٍ إِنَّ ذٰلِكَ عَلَى اللّٰهِ يَسِيرٌ

Shakir: To every nation We appointed acts of devotion, which they observe, so let them not dispute with you on the matter, and call to your Lord; most surely you are on a right way. And if they contend with you, say: Allah best knows what you do. Allah will judge between you on the day of resurrection respecting that in which you differ. Do you not know that Allah knows what is in the heaven and the earth? Surely this is in a book; surely this is easy to Allah.

علي بن إبراهيم، في قوله تعالى: لِكُلِّ أُمَّةٍ جَعَلْنٰا مَنْسَكاً هُمْ نٰاسِكُوهُ أي مذهبا يذهبون فيه فَلاٰ يُنٰازِعُنَّكَ فِي الْأَمْرِ وَ ادْعُ إِلىٰ رَبِّكَ إِنَّكَ لَعَلىٰ هُدىً مُسْتَقِيمٍ إلى قوله تعالى: عَلَى اللّٰهِ يَسِيرٌ.

99-/7416 — ‘Ali b. Ibrahim, regarding His saying: “For every nation We appointed acts of devotion which they observe,” said: that is, a madhhab (a way/doctrine) which they follow. “So let them not dispute with you about the matter, and call to your Lord; surely you are upon a straight guidance,” up to His saying: “Easy to Allah.”

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ هَمَّامٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ دَاوُدَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْإِمَامُ مُوسَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)، قَالَ: «لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ: لِكُلِّ أُمَّةٍ جَعَلْنٰا مَنْسَكاً هُمْ نٰاسِكُوهُ

99-/7417 — Muhammad b. al-‘Abbas said: Muhammad b. Hammam narrated to us, from Muhammad b. Isma‘il, from ‘Isa b. Dawud, who said: Imam Musa b. Ja‘far narrated to us, from his father (peace be upon them), who said: “When this verse was revealed: ‘For every nation We appointed acts of devotion which they observe’ …”

المراجع:

_1) تفسير القمّيّ 2:86 — Tafsīr al-Qummī 2:86.

_2) تأويل الآيات 1:35/348 — Ta’wīl al-Āyāt 1:35/348.

_3) تفسير القمّيّ 2:86 — Tafsīr al-Qummī 2:86.

_1) تأويل الآيات 1:36/349 — Ta’wīl al-Āyāt 1:36/349.

_2) تفسير القمّيّ 2:87 — Tafsīr al-Qummī 2:87.

_3) تأويل الآيات 1:37/349 — Ta’wīl al-Āyāt 1:37/349.

[1] في المصدر: أمير المؤمنين. — In the source: “the Commander of the Faithful.”

[2] الأسل: الرماح. — Al-asl: the spears.

[1] خندف: لقب ليلى بنت عمران بن قضاعة زوجة إلياس بن مضر بن نزار، و يفتخرون بها لأن نسب قريش ينتهي إليها. «محيط المحيط:257». — Khandaf: a sobriquet of Layla bt. ‘Imran b. Quda‘ah, wife of Ilyas b. Mudar b. Nizar; they boast of her because Quraysh’s lineage ends with her. “Muhit al-Muhit: 257.”

[2] في «ط»: القوم؛ و القرم: السيّد العظيم. — In “T”: al-qawm (“the people”); and al-qarm: the great notable/chief.