Al-Hajj Ayah 39-40

الحجّ آيه 40-39

مَنْصُورِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ اذْكُرُوا اللّٰهَ فِي أَيّٰامٍ مَعْدُودٰاتٍ [1]. قَالَ:«هِيَ أَيَّامُ التَّشْرِيقِ-وَ سَاقَ الْحَدِيثَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)-وَ التَّكْبِيرُ:اَللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ،اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ،لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ،اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ وَ لِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ،اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ عَلَى مَا هَدَانَا،اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ عَلَى مَا رَزَقَنَا مِنْ بَهِيمَةِ الْأَنْعَامِ».

99-/7349: Mansur ibn Hazim, from Abu Abdillah (peace be upon him), regarding the words of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: “And remember Allah during the appointed days” [1]. He said: “They are the Days of Tashriq”—and he continued the hadith until he (peace be upon him) said—“and the takbir is: Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar; la ilaha illa Allah wa Allahu Akbar; Allahu Akbar wa lillahi al-hamd; Allahu Akbar ‘ala ma hadana; Allahu Akbar ‘ala ma razaqana min bahimati l-an‘am.”

وَ اذْكُرُوا اللّٰهَ فِي أَيّٰامٍ مَعْدُودٰاتٍ [1]

Quran 2:203. And remember Allah during the appointed days.

وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنْ حَرِيزٍ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ اذْكُرُوا اللّٰهَ فِي أَيّٰامٍ مَعْدُودٰاتٍ [2]. قَالَ:«التَّكْبِيرُ فِي أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ:مِنْ صَلاَةِ الظُّهْرِ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ إِلَى صَلاَةِ الْفَجْرِ مِنَ الْيَوْمِ الثَّالِثِ،وَ فِي الْأَمْصَارِ [3]عَشْرَ صَلَوَاتٍ،فَإِذَا نَفَرَ بَعْدَ الْأُولَى أَمْسَكَ أَهْلُ الْأَمْصَارِ،وَ مَنْ أَقَامَ بِمِنًى فَصَلَّى بِهَا الظُّهْرَ وَ الْعَصْرَ فَلْيُكَبِّرْ».

99-/7349_3: And from him: from ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim, from his father, from Hammad ibn ‘Isa, from Hariz, from Muhammad ibn Muslim, who said: I asked Abu Abdillah (peace be upon him) about the words of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: “And remember Allah during the appointed days” [2]. He said: “The takbir during the Days of Tashriq is from the Zuhr prayer on the Day of Sacrifice (Yawm al-Nahr) until the Fajr prayer of the third day. In the towns [3] it is for ten prayers. If [the pilgrim] departs after the first [day], the townspeople stop [the takbir]; but whoever remains in Mina and prays there Zuhr and ‘Asr, let him pronounce the takbir.”

قوله تعالى:

إِنَّ اللّٰهَ يُدٰافِعُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا [38]

Quran 22:38. Surely Allah will defend those who believe.

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ،عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ يُونُسَ،عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: إِنَّ اللّٰهَ يُدٰافِعُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا . قَالَ:«نَحْنُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا،وَ اللَّهُ يُدَافِعُ عَنَّا مَا أَذَاعَتْ عَنَّا شِيعَتُنَا».

99-/7350_1: Muhammad ibn al-‘Abbas said: Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn ‘Ali narrated to us, who said: My father narrated to me, from his father, from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr, from Mansur ibn Yunus, from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar, who said: I asked Abu Abdillah (peace be upon him) about the words of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: “Surely Allah will defend those who believe.” He said: “We are those who believe, and Allah defends us against what our Shia divulge about us.”

قوله تعالى:

أُذِنَ لِلَّذِينَ يُقٰاتَلُونَ بِأَنَّهُمْ ظُلِمُوا وَ إِنَّ اللّٰهَ عَلىٰ نَصْرِهِمْ لَقَدِيرٌ* اَلَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُوا مِنْ دِيٰارِهِمْ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ إِلاّٰ أَنْ يَقُولُوا رَبُّنَا اللّٰهُ [39 و 40]

Quran 22:39-40. Permission is given to those upon whom war is made because they are oppressed, and most surely Allah is well able to assist them; those who have been expelled from their homes without a just cause except that they say: Our Lord is Allah.

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الْأَحْوَلِ،عَنْ سَلاَّمِ بْنِ الْمُسْتَنِيرِ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى: اَلَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُوا مِنْ دِيٰارِهِمْ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ إِلاّٰ أَنْ يَقُولُوا رَبُّنَا اللّٰهُ ،قَالَ:«نَزَلَتْ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،وَ عَلِيٍّ،وَ جَعْفَرٍ،وَ حَمْزَةَ، وَ جَرَتْ فِي الْحُسَيْنِ عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ أَجْمَعِينَ».

99-/7351_2: Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub: from Muhammad ibn Yahya, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa, from Ibn Mahbub, from Abu Ja‘far al-Ahwal, from Salam ibn al-Mustaneer, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), regarding the words of Allah, Blessed and Exalted: “Those who have been expelled from their homes without a just cause except that they say: Our Lord is Allah,” he said: “It was revealed about the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family), and ‘Ali, and Ja‘far, and Hamzah, and it applies to al-Husayn—peace be upon them all.”

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ هَمَّامٍ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْعَلَوِيِّ،عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ دَاوُدَ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ جَدِّهِ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فِي آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ) خَاصَّةً أُذِنَ لِلَّذِينَ يُقٰاتَلُونَ بِأَنَّهُمْ ظُلِمُوا وَ إِنَّ اللّٰهَ عَلىٰ نَصْرِهِمْ لَقَدِيرٌ* اَلَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُوا مِنْ دِيٰارِهِمْ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ إِلاّٰ أَنْ يَقُولُوا رَبُّنَا اللّٰهُ -ثُمَّ تَلاَ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى- وَ لِلّٰهِ عٰاقِبَةُ الْأُمُورِ » [1].

99-/7352_2: Muhammad ibn al-‘Abbas said: Muhammad ibn Hammam narrated to us, from Muhammad ibn Isma‘il al-‘Alawi, from ‘Isa ibn Dawud, who said: Musa ibn Ja‘far narrated to us, from his father, from his grandfather (peace be upon them), who said: “This verse was revealed specifically about the Family of Muhammad (peace be upon them): ‘Permission is given to those upon whom war is made because they are oppressed, and most surely Allah is well able to assist them; those who have been expelled from their homes without a just cause except that they say: Our Lord is Allah’—then he recited until His words, exalted is He—‘and Allah’s is the end of affairs’” [1].

وَ عَنْهُ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَامِرٍ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ،عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى،عَنْ حَكِيمٍ الْحَنَّاطِ،عَنْ ضُرَيْسٍ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ:سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: أُذِنَ لِلَّذِينَ يُقٰاتَلُونَ بِأَنَّهُمْ ظُلِمُوا وَ إِنَّ اللّٰهَ عَلىٰ نَصْرِهِمْ لَقَدِيرٌ ،قَالَ:«الْحَسَنُ وَ الْحُسَيْنُ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)».

99-/7353_3: And from him, he said: al-Husayn ibn ‘Amir narrated to us, from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa ibn ‘Ubayd, from Safwan ibn Yahya, from Hakim the rope-seller, from Zurays, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), who said: I heard him say regarding “Permission is given to those upon whom war is made because they are oppressed, and most surely Allah is well able to assist them”: “It is al-Hasan and al-Husayn (peace be upon them).”

وَ عَنْهُ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَالِكِيُّ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنْ يُونُسَ،عَنْ مُثَنّىًّ الْحَنَّاطِ،عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَجْلاَنَ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: أُذِنَ لِلَّذِينَ يُقٰاتَلُونَ بِأَنَّهُمْ ظُلِمُوا وَ إِنَّ اللّٰهَ عَلىٰ نَصْرِهِمْ لَقَدِيرٌ ،قَالَ:«هِيَ فِي الْقَائِمِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)وَ أَصْحَابِهِ».

99-/7354_4: And from him, he said: al-Husayn ibn Ahmad al-Maliki narrated to us, from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa, from Yunus, from Muthanna the rope-seller, from ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Ajlan, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), regarding the words of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: “Permission is given to those upon whom war is made because they are oppressed, and most surely Allah is well able to assist them,” he said: “It is about the Qa’im (peace be upon him) and his companions.”

وَ عَنْهُ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ يَحْيَى،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ،عَنِ الْمُفَضَّلِ،عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ الْكُوفِيِّ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ مَوْلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ مَوْلاَيَ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، قُلْتُ:قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: اَلَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُوا مِنْ دِيٰارِهِمْ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ إِلاّٰ أَنْ يَقُولُوا رَبُّنَا اللّٰهُ ؟قَالَ:«نَزَلَتْ فِي عَلِيٍّ، وَ حَمْزَةَ،وَ جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)،ثُمَّ جَرَتْ فِي الْحُسَيْنِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)».

99-/7355_5: And from him, he said: ‘Abd al-‘Aziz ibn Yahya narrated to us, from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman, from al-Mufaddal, from Ja‘far ibn al-Husayn al-Kufi, from Muhammad ibn Zayd, the client of Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), from his father, who said: I asked my master Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), I said: His words, the Mighty and Majestic: “Those who have been expelled from their homes without a just cause except that they say: Our Lord is Allah”? He said: “It was revealed about ‘Ali, and Hamzah, and Ja‘far (peace be upon them), then it applied to al-Husayn (peace be upon him).”

وَ عَنْهُ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ هَمَّامٍ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ،عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ دَاوُدَ النَّجَّارِ،قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَوْلاَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: اَلَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُوا مِنْ دِيٰارِهِمْ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ . قَالَ:«نَزَلَتْ فِينَا خَاصَّةً،فِي أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ ذُرِّيَّتِهِ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)،وَ مَا ارْتُكِبَ مِنْ أَمْرِ فَاطِمَةَ(عَلَيْهَا السَّلاَمُ)».

99-/7356_6: And from him, he said: Muhammad ibn Hammam narrated to us, from Muhammad ibn Isma‘il, from ‘Isa ibn Dawud al-Najjar, who said: Our master Musa ibn Ja‘far narrated to us, from his father (peace be upon them), regarding the words of Allah, the Exalted: “Those who have been expelled from their homes without a just cause.” He said: “It was revealed about us specifically—about the Commander of the Faithful and his progeny (peace be upon them)—and [regarding] what was committed in the matter of Fatimah (peace be upon her).”

أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قُولَوَيْهِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي(رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ)،عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ،عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى،عَنْ حَكِيمٍ الْحَنَّاطِ،عَنْ ضُرَيْسٍ،عَنْ أَبِي خَالِدٍ الْكَابُلِيِّ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ:سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: أُذِنَ لِلَّذِينَ يُقٰاتَلُونَ بِأَنَّهُمْ ظُلِمُوا وَ إِنَّ اللّٰهَ عَلىٰ نَصْرِهِمْ لَقَدِيرٌ قَالَ:«عَلِيٌّ،وَ الْحَسَنُ،وَ الْحُسَيْنُ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)».

99-/7357_7: Abu al-Qasim Ja‘far ibn Muhammad ibn Qulawayh said: My father (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated to me, from Sa‘d ibn ‘Abdillah, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa, from al-‘Abbas ibn Ma‘ruf, from Safwan ibn Yahya, from Hakim the rope-seller, from Zurays, from Abu Khalid al-Kabuli, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), who said: I heard him say regarding “Permission is given to those upon whom war is made because they are oppressed, and most surely Allah is well able to assist them”: “It is ‘Ali, and al-Hasan, and al-Husayn (peace be upon them).”

وَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الْبَاقِرِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «أَنَّهَا نَزَلَتْ فِي الْمُهَاجِرِينَ،وَ جَرَتْ فِي آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ) الَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُوا مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ،وَ أُخِيفُوا».

99-/7358_8: And from Abu Ja‘far al-Baqir (peace be upon him): “It was revealed about the Muhajirun, and it applied to the Family of Muhammad (peace be upon them)—those who were driven from their homes and were made to fear.”

علي بن إبراهيم،قال:نزلت في علي(عليه السلام)و جعفر،و حمزة(رضي اللّه عنهما)ثم جرت.و قوله: اَلَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُوا مِنْ دِيٰارِهِمْ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ قال:الحسين(عليه السلام)،حين طلبه يزيد لعنه اللّه ليحمله إلى الشام فهرب إلى الكوفة،و قتل بالطفّ.

99-/7359_9: ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim said: It was revealed about ‘Ali (peace be upon him), and Ja‘far, and Hamzah (may Allah be pleased with them), then it applied [further]. And His words: “Those who have been expelled from their homes without a just cause”—he said: [It is] al-Husayn (peace be upon him), when Yazid—may Allah curse him—sought him to take him to Sham, so he fled to Kufa and was killed at al-Taff.

ثُمَّ قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ:حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي،عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ،عَنِ ابْنِ مُسْكَانَ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِهِ: أُذِنَ لِلَّذِينَ يُقٰاتَلُونَ بِأَنَّهُمْ ظُلِمُوا وَ إِنَّ اللّٰهَ عَلىٰ نَصْرِهِمْ لَقَدِيرٌ . قَالَ:«إِنَّ الْعَامَّةَ يَقُولُونَ:نَزَلَتْ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)لَمَّا أَخْرَجَتْهُ قُرَيْشٌ مِنْ مَكَّةَ،وَ إِنَّمَا هُوَ الْقَائِمُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)إِذَا خَرَجَ يَطْلُبُ بِدَمِ الْحُسَيْنِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،وَ هُوَ قَوْلُهُ:نَحْنُ أَوْلِيَاءُ الدَّمِ،وَ طُلاَّبُ الدِّيَةِ.ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ عِبَادَةَ الْأَئِمَّةِ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)،وَ سِيرَتَهُمْ،فَقَالَ: اَلَّذِينَ إِنْ مَكَّنّٰاهُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ أَقٰامُوا الصَّلاٰةَ وَ آتَوُا الزَّكٰاةَ وَ أَمَرُوا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَ نَهَوْا عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَ لِلّٰهِ عٰاقِبَةُ الْأُمُورِ » [1].

99-/7360_10: Then ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim said: My father narrated to me, from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr, from Ibn Maskan, from Abu Abdillah (peace be upon him), regarding His words: “Permission is given to those upon whom war is made because they are oppressed, and most surely Allah is well able to assist them.” He said: “The generality say it was revealed about the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) when Quraysh drove him out of Mecca; but it is [about] the Qa’im (peace be upon him) when he rises seeking the blood of al-Husayn (peace be upon him). And it is his saying: ‘We are the heirs of the blood and the seekers of the compensation.’ Then he mentioned the worship of the Imams (peace be upon them) and their conduct, and said: ‘Those who, if We establish them in the land, keep up prayer and pay the poor-rate and enjoin good and forbid evil; and Allah’s is the end of affairs’” [1].

وَ تَقَدَّمَ حَدِيثٌ فِي ذَلِكَ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: إِنَّ اللّٰهَ اشْتَرىٰ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَ أَمْوٰالَهُمْ [2]الآية،من سورة براءة.

A report on this has preceded under His words, exalted is He: “Surely Allah has bought from the believers their persons and their property” [2], the verse, from Surah al-Bara’ah.

قوله تعالى:

وَ لَوْ لاٰ دَفْعُ اللّٰهِ النّٰاسَ بَعْضَهُمْ بِبَعْضٍ لَهُدِّمَتْ صَوٰامِعُ وَ بِيَعٌ وَ صَلَوٰاتٌ وَ مَسٰاجِدُ يُذْكَرُ فِيهَا اسْمُ اللّٰهِ كَثِيراً وَ لَيَنْصُرَنَّ اللّٰهُ مَنْ يَنْصُرُهُ إِنَّ اللّٰهَ لَقَوِيٌّ عَزِيزٌ [40]

Quran 22:40. And were it not that Allah repels some people by means of others, cloisters and churches and synagogues and mosques, in which Allah’s name is much remembered, would certainly have been pulled down; and surely Allah will help him who helps His cause; most surely Allah is Strong, Mighty.

الطَّبْرِسِيُّ،قَالَ: قَرَأَ الصَّادِقُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)«وَ صُلُوَاتٌ»بِضَمِّ الصَّادِ وَ اللاَّمِ،وَ فَسَّرَهَا بِالْحُصُونِ،وَ الْآطَامِ [1].

99-/7361_1: Al-Tabrisi said: Al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) recited “wa Suluwatun” with ḍamm on the sad and the lam, and he explained it as “fortresses” and al-atam [1].

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا حُمَيْدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ،عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَمَاعَةَ،عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى،عَنِ ابْنِ مُسْكَانَ،عَنْ حُجْرِ بْنِ زَائِدَةَ،عَنْ حُمْرَانَ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ لَوْ لاٰ دَفْعُ اللّٰهِ النّٰاسَ بَعْضَهُمْ بِبَعْضٍ لَهُدِّمَتْ صَوٰامِعُ وَ بِيَعٌ وَ صَلَوٰاتٌ وَ مَسٰاجِدُ يُذْكَرُ فِيهَا اسْمُ اللّٰهِ كَثِيراً . فَقَالَ:«كَانَ قَوْمٌ صَالِحُونَ،وَ هُمْ مُهَاجِرُونَ قَوْمَ سَوْءٍ خَوْفاً أَنْ يُفْسِدُوهُمْ،فَيَدْفَعُ اللَّهُ أَيْدِيَهُمْ عَنِ الصَّالِحِينَ، وَ لَمْ يَأْجُرْ أُولَئِكَ بِمَا يَقَعُ بِهِمْ،وَ فِينَا مِثْلُهُمْ».

99-/7362_2: Muhammad ibn al-‘Abbas said: Humayd ibn Ziyad narrated to us, from al-Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn Sama‘ah, from Safwan ibn Yahya, from Ibn Maskan, from Hujr ibn Za’idah, from Humran, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him). He said: I asked him about the words of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: “And were it not that Allah repels some people by means of others, cloisters and churches and synagogues and mosques, in which Allah’s name is much remembered, would certainly have been pulled down.” He said: “There were righteous people who migrated away from an evil people, fearing that they would corrupt them; so Allah repels the hands of those evil people from the righteous. And He does not reward those [evildoers] for what befalls them, and likewise among us there are those like them.”

وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ هَمَّامٍ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ،عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ دَاوُدَ،عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ لَوْ لاٰ دَفْعُ اللّٰهِ النّٰاسَ بَعْضَهُمْ بِبَعْضٍ لَهُدِّمَتْ صَوٰامِعُ وَ بِيَعٌ وَ صَلَوٰاتٌ وَ مَسٰاجِدُ يُذْكَرُ فِيهَا اسْمُ اللّٰهِ كَثِيراً ،قَالَ:«هُمُ الْأَئِمَّةُ الْأَعْلاَمُ،وَ لَوْلاَ صَبْرُهُمْ،وَ انْتِظَارُهُمُ الْأَمْرَ أَنْ يَأْتِيَهُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ لَقُتِلُوا جَمِيعاً.قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ لَيَنْصُرَنَّ اللّٰهُ مَنْ يَنْصُرُهُ إِنَّ اللّٰهَ لَقَوِيٌّ عَزِيزٌ ».

99-/7363_3: And from him: from Muhammad ibn Hammam, from Muhammad ibn Isma‘il, from ‘Isa ibn Dawud, from Abu al-Hasan Musa ibn Ja‘far, from his father (peace be upon them), regarding His words, the Mighty and Majestic: “And were it not that Allah repels some people by means of others, cloisters and churches and synagogues and mosques, in which Allah’s name is much remembered, would certainly have been pulled down,” he said: “They are the manifest Imams. And were it not for their patience and their awaiting the command to come to them from Allah, they would all have been killed. Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: ‘And surely Allah will help him who helps His cause; most surely Allah is Strong, Mighty.’”

قال شرف الدين النجفيّ:بيان معنى هذا التأويل الأول: قَوْلُهُ: «كَانَ قَوْمٌ صَالِحُونَ،وَ هُمْ مُهَاجِرُونَ قَوْمَ سَوْءٍ خَوْفاً أَنْ يُفْسِدُوهُمْ» أي يفسدوا عليهم دينهم،فهاجروهم لأجل ذلك،فالله تعالى يدفع أيدي القوم السوء عن الصالحين. و قوله:«و فينا مثلهم»قوم صالحون و هم الأئمة الراشدون،و قوم سوء و هم المخالفون،و اللّه تعالى يدفع أيدي المخالفين عن الأئمة الراشدين،و الحمد لله ربّ العالمين [3].

Explanation by Sharaf al-Din al-Najafi: Clarifying the meaning of this first interpretation: His saying: “There were righteous people who migrated away from an evil people, fearing that they would corrupt them,” that is, corrupt their religion; so they migrated from them for that reason. Thus Allah Most High repels the hands of the evil people from the righteous. And his saying: “And among us there are those like them,” [means] there are righteous people—namely, the rightly guided Imams—and evil people—namely, the opponents. And Allah Most High repels the hands of the opponents from the rightly guided Imams. And praise is to Allah, Lord of the worlds [3].

ثُمّ قال:و أمّا معنى التأويل الثاني:قوله:«هم الأئمة».بيانه:أن اللّه سبحانه يدفع بعض الناس عن بعض، فالمدفوع عنهم:[هم]الأئمة(عليهم السلام)،و المدفوعون:هم الظالمون. و قَوْلُهُ: «وَ لَوْلاَ صَبْرُهُمْ وَ انْتِظَارُهُمُ الْأَمْرَ أَنْ يَأْتِيَهُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ لَقُتِلُوا جَمِيعاً» معناه:و لولا صبرهم على الأذى و التكذيب،و انتظارهم أمر اللّه أن يأتيهم بفرج آل محمد،و قيام القائم(عليه السلام)،لقاموا كما قام غيرهم[بالسيف]، و لو قاموا لقتلوا جميعا،[و لو قتلوا جميعا]لهدمت صوامع،و بيع،و صلوات،و مساجد.

Then he said: As for the meaning of the second interpretation—his saying: “They are the Imams”—its clarification is that Allah, glorified is He, repels some people by means of others. Those from whom [harm] is repelled are the Imams (peace be upon them), and those who are repelled are the wrongdoers. And his saying: “And were it not for their patience and awaiting the command to come to them from Allah, they would all have been killed,” means: were it not for their patience in the face of harm and denial, and their awaiting Allah’s command to bring relief for the Family of Muhammad and the rising of the Qa’im (peace be upon him), they would have risen as others rose [by the sword]; and had they risen, they would all have been killed, and if they had all been killed, cloisters, churches, synagogues, and mosques would have been destroyed.

و الصوامع:عبارة[عن مواضع عبادة]النصارى في الجبال،و البيع في القرى،و الصلوات:أي مواضعها، و يشترك فيها المسلمون و اليهود،فاليهود لهم الكنائس،و المسلمون المساجد،فيكون قتلهم جميعا سببا لهدم هذه المواضع،و هدمها سببا لتعطيل الشرائع الثلاث:شريعة موسى،و عيسى،و محمد(صلّى اللّه عليه و عليهم أجمعين)؛لأن الشرائع لا تقوم إلاّ بالكتاب،و الكتاب يحتاج إلى التأويل،و التأويل لا يعلمه إلاّ اللّه و الراسخون في العلم،و هم الأئمة(صلوات اللّه عليهم)،لأنهم يعلمون تأويل كتاب موسى،و عيسى،و محمد(صلّى اللّه عليه و عليهم أجمعين)، لِقَوْلِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «لَوْ ثُنِيَتْ لِيَ الْوِسَادَةُ لَحَكَمْتُ بَيْنَ أَهْلِ التَّوْرَاةِ بِتَوْرَاتِهِمْ،وَ بَيْنَ أَهْلِ الْإِنْجِيلِ بِإِنْجِيلِهِمْ،وَ بَيْنَ أَهْلِ الْفُرْقَانِ بِفُرْقَانِهِمْ،حَتَّى تَنْطِقَ الْكُتُبُ،وَ تَقُولَ:صَدَقَ».

And “cloisters” refers to the Christians’ places of worship in the mountains, and “churches” to those in villages, and “synagogues” means their places [of worship], a term shared between Muslims and Jews: the Jews have their kenisas (synagogues), and the Muslims have mosques. Thus, their being all killed would be a cause for demolishing these places, and their demolition would lead to the suspension of the three laws: the Law of Moses, of Jesus, and of Muhammad (may Allah bless them all); for the laws stand only by the Book, and the Book requires interpretation, and none knows its interpretation except Allah and those firmly rooted in knowledge—and they are the Imams (may Allah’s blessings be upon them)—for they know the interpretation of the Book of Moses, of Jesus, and of Muhammad (may Allah bless them all), as the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) said: “If the cushion were folded for me, I would judge between the people of the Torah by their Torah, and between the people of the Gospel by their Gospel, and between the people of the Furqan by their Furqan, until the books speak and say: ‘He has spoken the truth.’”

و قوله:«هم الأعلام».الأعلام:الأدلة الهادية إلى دار السلام،فعليهم من اللّه أفضل التحية و الإكرام؛و لما علم اللّه سبحانه و تعالى منهم الصبر وعدهم النصر،فقال: وَ لَيَنْصُرَنَّ اللّٰهُ مَنْ يَنْصُرُهُ [أي ينصر دينه] إِنَّ اللّٰهَ لَقَوِيٌّ في سلطانه عَزِيزٌ في جبروت شأنه.

And his saying: “They are the ‘a‘lam’ (beacons).” The a‘lam are the guiding proofs leading to the Abode of Peace; upon them be from Allah the best of salutations and honor. And when Allah, exalted is He, knew of their patience, He promised them victory, saying: “And surely Allah will help him who helps His cause [i.e., who helps His religion]; most surely Allah is Strong in His dominion, Mighty in the majesty of His affair.”

قلت:قد تقدمت رِوَايَةُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ بِإِسْنَادِهِ إِلَى عِيسَى بْنِ دَاوُدَ،عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ جَدِّهِ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ): «نَزَلَتْ آيَةُ: أُذِنَ لِلَّذِينَ يُقٰاتَلُونَ بِأَنَّهُمْ ظُلِمُوا وَ إِنَّ اللّٰهَ عَلىٰ نَصْرِهِمْ لَقَدِيرٌ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى وَ لِلّٰهِ عٰاقِبَةُ الْأُمُورِ فِي آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)خَاصَّةً» [1].

I say: The report of Muhammad ibn al-‘Abbas has already preceded, with his chain to ‘Isa ibn Dawud, from Musa ibn Ja‘far, from his father, from his grandfather (peace be upon them): “The verse ‘Permission is given to those upon whom war is made because they are oppressed, and most surely Allah is well able to assist them ... and Allah’s is the end of affairs’ was revealed specifically about the Family of Muhammad (peace be upon them)” [1].

قوله تعالى:

اَلَّذِينَ إِنْ مَكَّنّٰاهُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ أَقٰامُوا الصَّلاٰةَ وَ آتَوُا الزَّكٰاةَ وَ أَمَرُوا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَ نَهَوْا عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَ لِلّٰهِ عٰاقِبَةُ الْأُمُورِ* وَ إِنْ يُكَذِّبُوكَ فَقَدْ كَذَّبَتْ قَبْلَهُمْ قَوْمُ نُوحٍ وَ عٰادٌ وَ ثَمُودُ -إلى قوله تعالى- نَكِيرِ [41-44]

Quran 22:41-44. Those who, if We establish them in the land, keep up prayer and pay the poor-rate and enjoin good and forbid evil; and Allah’s is the end of affairs. And if they call you a liar, then already before them the people of Nuh and ‘Ad and Thamud rejected; … to His words: My disapproval.

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ حُصَيْنِ بْنِ مُخَارِقٍ،عَنِ الْإِمَامِ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ آبَائِهِ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: اَلَّذِينَ إِنْ مَكَّنّٰاهُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ أَقٰامُوا الصَّلاٰةَ وَ آتَوُا الزَّكٰاةَ وَ أَمَرُوا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَ نَهَوْا عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ قَالَ:«نَحْنُ هُمْ».

99-/7364_1: Muhammad ibn al-‘Abbas said: Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Sa‘id narrated to us, from Ahmad ibn al-Hasan, from his father, from Husayn ibn Mukhariq, from Imam Musa ibn Ja‘far, from his father, from his forefathers (peace be upon them), who said regarding His words, exalted is He: “Those who, if We establish them in the land, keep up prayer and pay the poor-rate and enjoin good and forbid evil”: “We are they.”

وَ عَنْهُ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ حُصَيْنِ بْنِ مُخَارِقٍ،عَنْ

99-/7365_2: And from him, he said: Ahmad ibn Muhammad narrated to us, from Ahmad ibn al-Hasan, from his father, from Husayn ibn Mukhariq, from … [text continues].

المراجع

_3) -الكافي 4:1/516.

al-Kafi 4:1/516.

_1) -تأويل الآيات 1:12/337.

Ta’wil al-Ayat 1:12/337.

_2) -الكافي 8:534/337.

al-Kafi 8:534/337.

[1] البقرة 2:203.

al-Baqara 2:203.

[2] البقرة 2:203.

al-Baqara 2:203.

[3] في«ط»زيادة:عقيب.

fi “T” ziyadah: ‘uqib.

_2) -تأويل الآيات 1:14/338.

Ta’wil al-Ayat 1:14/338.

_3) -تأويل الآيات 1:15/338.

Ta’wil al-Ayat 1:15/338.

_4) -تأويل الآيات 1:16/338.

Ta’wil al-Ayat 1:16/338.

_5) -تأويل الآيات 1:17/339،شواهد التنزيل 1:552/399.

Ta’wil al-Ayat 1:17/339, Shawahid al-Tanzil 1:552/399.

_6) -تأويل الآيات 1:18/339.

Ta’wil al-Ayat 1:18/339.

_7) -كامل الزيارات:4/63.

Kamil al-Ziyarat: 4/63.

[1] الحجّ 22:41.

al-Hajj 22:41.

[2] في المصدر:محمّد بن عبد الرحمن بن الفضل.

fi l-masdar: Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Fadl.

_8) -مجمع البيان 7:138.

Majma‘ al-Bayan 7:138.

_9) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:84.

Tafsir al-Qummi 2:84.

_10) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:84.

Tafsir al-Qummi 2:84.

_1) -جوامع الجامع:301.

Jawami‘ al-Jami‘: 301.

[1] الآطام:جمع أطم،بسكون الطاء و ضمّها:الحصن و البيت المرتفع.

al-Atam: jam‘ Aṭm, with sukun on the ta and ḍamm on it: the fortress and the elevated house.

[2] في المصدر:بما يدفع.

fi l-masdar: bima yadfa‘.

[3] قال المجلسي(رحمه اللّه)في تفسير ذلك:أي كان قوم صالحون هجروا قوم سوء خوفا أن يفسدوا عليهم دينهم،فاللّه تعالى يدفع بهذا القوم السوء عن الصالحين شرّ الكفّار،كما كان الخلفاء الثلاثة و بنو أميّة و أضرابهم يقاتلون المشركين و يدفعونهم عن المؤمنين الّذين لا يخالطونهم و لا يعاونونهم خوفا من أن يفسدوا عليهم دينهم لنفاقهم و فجورهم،و لم يأجر اللّه هؤلاء المنافقين بهذا الدفع،لأنّه لم يكن غرضهم إلاّ الملك و السلطنة و الاستيلاء على المؤمنين و أئمّتهم،كما قَالَ النَّبِيُّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ): «إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُؤَيِّدُ هَذَا الدِّينَ بِأَقْوَامٍ لاَ خَلاَقَ لَهُمْ» و أمّا قَوْلُهُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «وَ فِينَا مِثْلُهُمْ» يعني نحن أيضا نهجر المخالفين لسوء فعالهم،فيدفع اللّه ضرر الكافرين و شرّهم عنّا بهم.«البحار 24:361».

Qala al-Majlisi (may Allah have mercy on him) in explaining that: That there were righteous people who left an evil people, fearing they would corrupt their religion; thus Allah repels by means of those evil people the harm of the unbelievers from the righteous, as the three caliphs and Banu Umayya and their likes fought the polytheists and repelled them from the believers who did not mix with them nor assist them, fearing they would corrupt their religion due to their hypocrisy and debauchery. And Allah did not reward those hypocrites for that repelling, since their aim was only kingship, domination, and mastery over the believers and their Imams; as the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: “Indeed Allah supports this religion by means of people who have no share [in the hereafter].” As for his saying (peace be upon him): “And among us there are those like them,” it means: we too avoid the opponents due to the evil of their deeds, and Allah repels from us the harm and evil of the unbelievers by means of them. (al-Bihar 24:361).

_1) -تأويل الآيات 1:22/342.

Ta’wil al-Ayat 1:22/342.

_2) -تأويل الآيات 1:23/342،شواهد التنزيل 1:554/400.

Ta’wil al-Ayat 1:23/342, Shawahid al-Tanzil 1:554/400.

[1] تقدّمت في الحديث(2)من تفسير الآيتين(39-40)من هذه السورة.

Taqaddamat fi l-hadith (2) min tafsiri l-ayatayni (39-40) min hadhihi s-surah.

[1] التوبة 9:111،تقدّم في الحديث(2)من تفسير الآيتين(111 و 112)من سورة التوبة.

al-Tawbah 9:111; taqaddama fi l-hadith (2) min tafsiri l-ayatayni (111 wa 112) min Surati l-Tawbah.