S 57 Ayat 22 to 23

قوله تعالى:

مٰا أَصٰابَ مِنْ مُصِيبَةٍ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَ لاٰ فِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ إِلاّٰ فِي كِتٰابٍ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ نَبْرَأَهٰا إِنَّ ذٰلِكَ عَلَى اللّٰهِ يَسِيرٌ لِكَيْلاٰ تَأْسَوْا عَلىٰ مٰا فٰاتَكُمْ وَ لاٰ تَفْرَحُوا بِمٰا آتٰاكُمْ وَ اللّٰهُ لاٰ يُحِبُّ كُلَّ مُخْتٰالٍ فَخُورٍ [22-23]

No evil befalls on the earth nor in your own souls, but it is in a book before We bring it into existence; surely that is easy to Allah— So that you may not grieve for what has escaped you, nor be exultant at what He has given you; and Allah does not love any arrogant boaster.

99-/10524 _1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،وَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ دَاوُدَ الْمِنْقَرِيِّ،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ هَاشِمِ بْنِ الْبَرِيدِ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ رَجُلاً سَأَلَ عَلِيَّ بْنَ الْحُسَيْنِ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)عَنِ الزُّهْدِ فَقَالَ:«عَشَرَةُ أَشْيَاءَ فَأَعْلَى دَرَجَةِ الزُّهْدِ أَدْنَى دَرَجَةِ الْوَرَعِ،وَ أَعْلَى دَرَجَةِ الْوَرَعِ أَدْنَى دَرَجَةِ الْيَقِينِ،وَ أَعْلَى دَرَجَةِ الْيَقِينِ أَدْنَى دَرَجَةِ الرِّضَا،[أَلاَ]وَ إِنَّ الزُّهْدَ كُلَّهُ فِي آيَةٍ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: لِكَيْلاٰ تَأْسَوْا عَلىٰ مٰا فٰاتَكُمْ وَ لاٰ تَفْرَحُوا بِمٰا آتٰاكُمْ ».

99-/10524 Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb: from ʿAlī ibn Ibrāhīm, from his father, and ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad, from al-Qāsim ibn Muḥammad, from Sulaymān ibn Dāwūd al-Minqarī, from ʿAlī ibn Hāshim ibn al-Barīd, from his father:

A man asked ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn (peace be upon them both) about zuhd (detachment), and he said: "It consists of ten things. The highest level of detachment is the lowest level of scrupulousness (waraʿ), and the highest level of scrupulousness is the lowest level of certainty (yaqīn), and the highest level of certainty is the lowest level of contentment (riḍā). Indeed, all of detachment is contained in one verse of the Book of Allah, the Mighty and Exalted: ‘So that you may not grieve for what has escaped you, nor be exultant at what He has given you.’

99-/10525 _2- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي،عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ دَاوُدَ الْمِنْقَرِيِّ،عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: قُلْتُ:جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ،فَمَا حَدُّ الزُّهْدِ فِي الدُّنْيَا؟قَالَ:فَقَالَ:«قَدْ حَدَّ اللَّهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ،فَقَالَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: لِكَيْلاٰ تَأْسَوْا عَلىٰ مٰا فٰاتَكُمْ وَ لاٰ تَفْرَحُوا بِمٰا آتٰاكُمْ إِنَّ أَعْلَمَ النَّاسِ بِاللَّهِ أَخْوَفُهُمْ لِلَّهِ،وَ أَخْوَفَهُمْ لَهُ أَعْلَمُهُمْ بِهِ،وَ أَعْلَمَهُمْ بِهِ أَزْهَدُهُمْ فِيهَا».

فَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ:يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ،أَوْصِنِي.فَقَالَ:«اتَّقِ اللَّهَ حَيْثُ كُنْتَ،فَإِنَّكَ لاَ تَسْتَوْحِشُ عَنْهُ».

99-/10525 ʿAlī ibn Ibrāhīm said: My father narrated to me, from al-Qāsim ibn Muḥammad, from Sulaymān ibn Dāwūd al-Minqarī, from Ḥafṣ ibn Ghiyāth, from Abū ʿAbd Allāh (peace be upon him), who said:

I said: "May I be your ransom, what is the definition of detachment (zuhd) from the world?"

He replied: "Allah has already defined it in His Book, where the Mighty and Majestic says: 'So that you may not grieve for what has escaped you, nor be exultant at what He has given you.' [Qur’an 57:23] The most knowledgeable of people about Allah is the most fearful of Him, and the most fearful of Him is the most knowledgeable about Him, and the most knowledgeable about Him is the most detached from this world."

Then a man said to him: "O son of the Messenger of Allah, advise me."

He said: "Fear Allah wherever you are, for you will never feel lonely (or isolated) from Him."

99-/10526 _3- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ دَاوُدَ،رَفَعَهُ،قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)-وَ ذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ-فَقَالَ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ:فَمَا الزُّهْدُ؟قَالَ:«الزُّهْدُ عَشَرَةُ أَجْزَاءٍ:أَعْلَى دَرَجَاتِ الزُّهْدِ أَدْنَى دَرَجَاتِ الرِّضَا،أَلاَ وَ إِنَّ الزُّهْدَ فِي آيَةٍ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: لِكَيْلاٰ تَأْسَوْا عَلىٰ مٰا فٰاتَكُمْ وَ لاٰ تَفْرَحُوا بِمٰا آتٰاكُمْ ».

99-/10526 And from him: from his father, from al-Qāsim ibn Muḥammad, from Sulaymān ibn Dāwūd, in a marfūʿ (elevated) chain. He said:

A man came to ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn (peace be upon them both) — and he narrated the hadith until he said:

The man asked him: "Then what is zuhd (detachment)?"

He replied: "Zuhd is ten parts: the highest degree of detachment is the lowest degree of contentment (riḍā). Be aware that detachment is summed up in a verse of the Book of Allah, the Mighty and Exalted: ‘So that you may not grieve for what has escaped you, nor be exultant at what He has given you.’ [Qur’an 57:23]".

99-/10527 _4- وَ عَنْهُ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا سَهْلُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ،عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ الْحَرِيشِ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الثَّانِي(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: لِكَيْلاٰ تَأْسَوْا عَلىٰ مٰا فٰاتَكُمْ ،قَالَ:«قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):سَأَلَ رَجُلٌ أَبِي(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ ذَلِكَ،فَقَالَ:نَزَلَتْ فِي أَبِي بَكْرٍ [1]وَ أَصْحَابِهِ،وَاحِدَةٌ مُقَدَّمَةٌ وَ وَاحِدَةٌ مُؤَخَّرَةٌ لِكَيْلاٰ تَأْسَوْا عَلىٰ مٰا فٰاتَكُمْ مِنَ الْفِتْنَةِ الَّتِي عَرَضَتْ لَكُمْ بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ).

فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ:أَشْهَدُ أَنَّكُمْ أَصْحَابُ الْحُكْمِ الَّذِي لاَ اخْتِلاَفَ فِيهِ،ثُمَّ قَامَ الرَّجُلُ فَذَهَبَ فَلَمْ أَرَهُ».

99-/10527 And from him, he said: Muḥammad ibn Abī ʿAbdillāh narrated to us, who said: Sahl ibn Ziyād narrated to us, from al-Ḥasan ibn al-ʿAbbās ibn al-Ḥarīsh, from Abū Jaʿfar al-Thānī (peace be upon him), regarding the saying of the Exalted: "So that you may not grieve for what has escaped you" [Qur'an 57:23].

He said: "Abū ʿAbdillāh (peace be upon him) said: A man asked my father (peace be upon him) about that, and he said: 'It was revealed concerning Abū Bakr and his companions — one [verse] is advanced, and one is delayed — So that you may not grieve for what has escaped you from the tribulation that befell you after the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family).'"

The man then said: "I testify that you are the people of judgment in which there is no contradiction." Then the man stood up and left, and I never saw him again.

99-/10528 _5- وَ عَنْهُ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الرَّزَّارُ،عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ زَكَرِيَّا،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حَسَّانَ،عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ كَثِيرٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: مٰا أَصٰابَ مِنْ مُصِيبَةٍ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَ لاٰ فِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ إِلاّٰ فِي كِتٰابٍ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ نَبْرَأَهٰا :

«صَدَقَ اللَّهُ وَ بَلَّغَتْ رُسُلُهُ،كِتَابُهُ فِي السَّمَاءِ عِلْمُهُ بِهَا،وَ كِتَابُهُ فِي الْأَرْضِ إِعْلاَمُنَا فِي لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ وَ فِي غَيْرِهَا إِنَّ ذٰلِكَ عَلَى اللّٰهِ يَسِيرٌ ».

99-/10528 And from him, he said: Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar al-Razzār narrated to us, from Yaḥyā ibn Zakarīyā, from ʿAlī ibn Ḥassān, from ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Kathīr, from Abū ʿAbdillāh (peace be upon him), regarding the saying of the Exalted: "No affliction befalls in the earth nor in yourselves, but it is in a book before We bring it into existence" [Qur'an 57:22]:

"Allah has spoken the truth, and His messengers have conveyed [it]. His book in the heavens is His knowledge of it, and His book on the earth is our informing [people] during Laylat al-Qadr and at other times. Surely, that is easy for Allah."

_1) -الكافي 2:4/104.

_2) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:146.

_3) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:260.

_4) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:351.

_5) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:351.

[1] في المصدر:في زريق.

Page 298  in Arabic

99-/10529 _6- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ:قَالَ الصَّادِقُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «لَمَّا أُدْخِلَ رَأْسُ الْحُسَيْنِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَلَى يَزِيدَ لَعَنَهُ اللَّهُ، وَ أُدْخِلَ عَلَيْهِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)وَ بَنَاتُ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،وَ كَانَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)مُقَيَّداً مَغْلُولاً،فَقَالَ يَزِيدُ:يَا عَلِيَّ بْنَ الْحُسَيْنِ،الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي قَتَلَ أَبَاكَ.

99-/10529 ʿAlī ibn Ibrāhīm narrated: al-Ṣādiq (peace be upon him) said:

“When the head of al-Ḥusayn (peace be upon him) was brought to Yazīd—may Allah curse him—and ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn (peace be upon them) and the daughters of the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) were also brought before him, and ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn (peace be upon them) was shackled and chained, Yazīd said: O ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn, praise be to Allah who killed your father.”

فَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ):لَعَنَ اللَّهُ مَنْ قَتَلَ أَبِي.قَالَ:فَغَضِبَ يَزِيدُ وَ أَمَرَ بِضَرْبِ عُنُقِهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)فَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ):فَإِذَا قَتَلْتَنِي فَبَنَاتُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)مَنْ يَرُدُّهُنَّ إِلَى مَنَازِلِهِنَّ،وَ لَيْسَ لَهُنَّ مَحْرَمٌ غَيْرِي؟فَقَالَ:أَنْتَ تَرُدُّهُنَّ إِلَى مَنَازِلِهِنَّ،ثُمَّ دَعَا بِمِبْرَدٍ، فَأَقْبَلَ يَبْرُدُ الْجَامِعَةَ مِنْ عُنُقِهِ بِيَدِهِ .ثُمَّ قَالَ:يَا عَلِيَّ بْنَ الْحُسَيْنِ،أَ تَدْرِي مَا الَّذِي أُرِيدُ بِذَلِكَ؟قَالَ:بَلَى تُرِيدُ أَنْ لاَ يَكُونَ لِأَحَدٍ عَلَيَّ مِنَّةٌ غَيْرُكَ.

فَقَالَ يَزِيدُ:هَذَا وَ اللَّهِ[مَا]أَرَدْتُ.

99-/10529 Then ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn (peace be upon them) said: “May Allah curse the one who killed my father.”

So Yazīd became angry and ordered that his (peace be upon him) neck be struck.

ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn (peace be upon them) said: “If you kill me, then who will return the daughters of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) to their homes? For I am their only maḥram (legal guardian).”

So Yazīd said: “You shall return them to their homes.” Then he called for a file, and he himself began filing down the iron collar from his neck with his hand.

Then Yazīd said: “O ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn, do you know what I intended by that?”

He said: “Yes, you intended that no one should have a favor upon me except you.”

Yazīd said: “By Allah, that is indeed what I intended.”

ثُمَّ قَالَ:يَا عَلِيَّ بْنَ الْحُسَيْنِ مٰا أَصٰابَكُمْ مِنْ مُصِيبَةٍ فَبِمٰا كَسَبَتْ أَيْدِيكُمْ [1]فَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ):كَلاَّ مَا هَذِهِ فِينَا نَزَلَتْ،إِنَّمَا نَزَلَتْ فِينَا: مٰا أَصٰابَ مِنْ مُصِيبَةٍ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَ لاٰ فِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ الْآيَةِ؛فَنَحْنُ الَّذِينَ لاَ نَأْسَى عَلَى مَا فَاتَنَا،مِنَ الدُّنْيَا [2]وَ لاَ نَفْرَحُ بِمَا آتَانَا مِنْهَا».

99-/10529 Then he (Yazīd) said: “O ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn, Whatever misfortune befalls you, it is because of what your hands have earned [Qur'an 42:30].”

ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn (peace be upon them both) replied: “No, that was not revealed about us. What was revealed about us is: Whatever misfortune befalls you in the earth or in yourselves [Qur'an 57:22].

We are the ones who do not grieve over what passes us by from this world, nor do we rejoice in what comes to us from it.”

99-/10530 _7- ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا الْمُظَفَّرُ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ الْمُظَفَّرِ الْعَلَوِيُّ(رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ)،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ جَدِّهِ،عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)[قَالَ:] «تَعْتَلِجُ [3]النُّطْفَتَانِ فِي الرَّحِمِ،فَأَيَّتُهُمَا كَانَتْ أَكْثَرَ جَاءَتْ تُشْبِهُهَا،فَإِنْ كَانَتْ نُطْفَةُ الْمَرْأَةِ أَكْثَرَ جَاءَتْ تُشْبِهُ أَخْوَالَهُ،وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ نُطْفَةُ الرَّجُلِ أَكْثَرَ جَاءَتْ تُشْبِهُ أَعْمَامَهُ».

99-/10530 Ibn Bābawayh said: al-Muẓaffar ibn Jaʿfar ibn al-Muẓaffar al-ʿAlawī (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated to us, who said: Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad ibn Masʿūd narrated to us from his father, who said: ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn narrated to us, who said: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbdillāh ibn Zurārah narrated to us from ʿAlī ibn ʿAbdillāh from his father from his grandfather from Amīr al-Muʾminīn (peace be upon him), who said:

“When the two fluids (of man and woman) contend with one another in the womb, whichever of them is more dominant, the child will resemble that side. If the woman’s fluid is more, the child will resemble her maternal relatives (uncles), and if the man’s fluid is more, the child will resemble his paternal relatives (uncles).”

وَ قَالَ:تَحَوَّلُ النُّطْفَةُ فِي الرَّحِمِ أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْماً،فَمَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَدْعُوَ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَفِي تِلْكَ الْأَرْبَعِينَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُخْلَقَ،ثُمَّ يَبْعَثُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مَلَكَ الْأَرْحَامِ إِلَيْهَا،فَيَأْخُذُهَا،فَيَصْعَدُ بِهَا إِلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ،فَيَقِفُ حَيْثُ يَشَاءُ اللَّهُ، فَيَقُولُ:يَا إِلَهِي،أَ ذَكَرٌ أَمْ أُنْثَى؟فَيُوحِي اللَّهُ تَعَالَى مَا يَشَاءُ،وَ يَكْتُبُ الْمَلَكُ،

99-/10530 And he (Amir al-Mu’minin, peace be upon him) said: “The drop of fluid remains in the womb for forty days. So whoever wishes to supplicate to Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, should do so during these forty days, before it is created (i.e., before formation begins). Then Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, sends the Angel of the womb to it; he takes it and ascends with it to Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, and stands wherever Allah wills. Then he says: ‘My Lord, shall it be male or female?’ So Allah reveals whatever He wills, and the angel writes it down.”

_6) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:352.

_7) -علل الشرائع:4/95.

[1] الشورى 42:30.

[2] (من الدنيا)ليس في«ج»و المصدر.

[3] اعتلجت الأمواج:إذا التطمت.«النهاية 3:286».

[1] – الشورى 42:30 [2] – The parenthetical phrase “من الدنيا” (from this world) does not appear in manuscript “ج” and the original source.

[3] – The verb اعتلجت (iʿtalajat) used in reference to الأمواج (waves) means: “when the waves clash or rise turbulently.” Reference: al-Nihāyah 3:286.

Page 299  in Arabic

ثُمَّ يَقُولُ:يَا إِلَهِي أَ شَقِيٌّ أَمْ سَعِيدٌ؟فَيُوحِي اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مَا يَشَاءُ،وَ يَكْتُبُ الْمَلَكُ،وَ يَقُولُ اللَّهُمَّ كَمْ رِزْقُهُ،وَ مَا أَجَلُهُ؟ثُمَّ يَكْتُبُهُ وَ يَكْتُبُ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ يُصِيبُهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا بَيْنَ عَيْنَيْهِ،ثُمَّ يَرْجِعُ بِهِ فَيَرُدُّهُ فِي الرَّحِمِ،فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: مٰا أَصٰابَ مِنْ مُصِيبَةٍ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَ لاٰ فِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ إِلاّٰ فِي كِتٰابٍ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ نَبْرَأَهٰا ».

و سيأتي-إن شاء اللّه-حديث في تفسير الآية في تفسير إِنّٰا أَنْزَلْنٰاهُ فِي لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ [1].

99-/10530 Then the angel says: “O my God, is he to be wretched or blessed?” So Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, reveals whatever He wills regarding that, and the angel writes it down. Then he says: “O Allah, what shall be his sustenance and what is his lifespan?” Then the angel writes it, and he writes everything that will happen to him in the world between his eyes (i.e., inscribed upon him). Then he returns with it and places it back in the womb. That is the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "No affliction befalls on the earth nor in your own souls but it is in a book before We bring it into existence" [al-Hadid 57:22]. And there will come, God willing, a narration regarding the interpretation of this verse in the tafsir of "Indeed We sent it down in the Night of Qadr" [al-Qadr 97:1].