Al-Hijr Ayah 27-38
الحجر آيه 38-27
99-/5835
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ: عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ، عَنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْغَفَّارِ الْجَازِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) قَالَ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ خَلَقَ الْمُؤْمِنَ مِنْ طِينَةِ الْجَنَّةِ، وَ خَلَقَ الْكَافِرَ مِنْ طِينَةِ النَّارِ -وَ قَالَ- إِذَا أَرَادَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِعَبْدٍ خَيْراً، طَيَّبَ رُوحَهُ وَ جَسَدَهُ، فَلاَ يَسْمَعُ شَيْئاً مِنَ الْخَيْرِ إِلاَّ عَرَفَهُ، وَ لاَ يَسْمَعُ شَيْئاً مِنَ الْمُنْكَرِ إِلاَّ أَنْكَرَهُ».
قَالَ: وَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: «الطِّينَاتُ ثَلاَثٌ: طِينَةُ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ، وَ الْمُؤْمِنُ مِنْ تِلْكَ الطِّينَةِ، إِلاَّ أَنَّ الْأَنْبِيَاءَ مِنْ صَفْوَتِهَا، هُمُ الْأَصْلُ وَ لَهُمْ فَضْلُهُمْ، وَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ الْفَرْعُ مِنْ طِينٍ لاَزِبٍ، كَذَلِكَ لاَ يُفَرِّقُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بَيْنَهُمْ وَ بَيْنَ شِيعَتِهِمْ -وَ قَالَ- طِينَةُ النَّاصِبِ مِنْ حَمَإٍ مَسْنُونٍ، وَ أَمَّا الْمُسْتَضْعَفُونَ فَمِنْ تُرَابٍ، لاَ يَتَحَوَّلُ مُؤْمِنٌ عَنْ إِيمَانِهِ، وَ لاَ نَاصِبٌ عَنْ نَصْبِهِ، وَ لِلَّهِ الْمَشِيئَةُ فِيهِمْ».
English:
Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub, from Muhammad ibn Yahya, from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn, from al-Nadr ibn Shu‘ayb, from ‘Abd al-Ghaffar al-Jāzī, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) said: Indeed Allah, Mighty and Majestic, created the believer from the clay of Paradise, and created the disbeliever from the clay of the Fire. And he said: When Allah, Mighty and Majestic, intends good for a servant, He makes his spirit and body pure, so he does not hear anything of good except that he recognizes it, and he does not hear anything of evil except that he rejects it.
He said: And I heard him say: The clays are three: the clay of the prophets—and the believer is from that clay, except that the prophets are from its purest, they are the root and they have their merit—while the believers are the branch, from sticky clay. Thus Allah, Mighty and Majestic, does not separate between them and their Shī‘a. And he said: The clay of the nāsib (one hostile to the Household) is from black, fetid mud (hamā’ masnūn), and as for the mustad‘afūn (the weak of capacity), then they are from dust. A believer does not turn away from his faith, nor a nāsib from his enmity; and to Allah belongs the will regarding them.
_2) -الكافي 2:2/2.
al-Kāfī 2:2/2.
99-/5836
الْعَيَّاشِيُّ: عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) قَالَ: «قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): قَالَ اللَّهُ لِلْمَلاَئِكَةِ:
إِنِّي خٰالِقٌ بَشَراً مِنْ صَلْصٰالٍ مِنْ حَمَإٍ مَسْنُونٍ* فَإِذٰا سَوَّيْتُهُ وَ نَفَخْتُ فِيهِ مِنْ رُوحِي فَقَعُوا لَهُ سٰاجِدِينَ [1] قَالَ:
وَ كَانَ ذَلِكَ مِنَ اللَّهِ تَقْدِمَةً مِنْهُ إِلَى الْمَلاَئِكَةِ احْتِجَاجاً مِنْهُ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَ مَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيُغَيِّرَ مَا بِقَوْمٍ إِلاَّ بَعْدَ الْحُجَّةِ عُذْراً وَ نُذْراً، فَاغْتَرَفَ اللَّهُ غُرْفَةً بِيَمِينِهِ -وَ كِلْتَا يَدَيْهِ يَمِينٌ [2]- مِنَ الْمَاءِ الْعَذْبِ الْفُرَاتِ، فَصَلْصَلَهَا فِي كَفِّهِ فَجَمَدَتْ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: مِنْكَ أَخْلُقُ النَّبِيِّينَ وَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ وَ عِبَادِيَ الصَّالِحِينَ، الْأَئِمَّةَ الْمَهْدِيِّينَ، الدُّعَاةَ إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ، وَ أَتْبَاعَهُمْ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ وَ لاَ أُبَالِي، وَ لاَ أُسْأَلُ عَمَّا أَفْعَلُ وَ هُمْ يُسْأَلُونَ.
ثُمَّ اغْتَرَفَ اللَّهُ غُرْفَةً بِكَفِّهِ الْأُخْرَى مِنَ الْمَاءِ الْمِلْحِ الْأُجَاجِ، فَصَلْصَلَهَا فِي كَفِّهِ فَجَمَدَتْ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهَا: مِنْكِ أَخْلُقُ الْجَبَّارِينَ، وَ الْفَرَاعِنَةَ، وَ الْعُتَاةَ، وَ إِخْوَانَ الشَّيَاطِينِ، وَ أَئِمَّةَ الْكُفْرِ، وَ الدُّعَاةَ إِلَى النَّارِ، وَ أَتْبَاعَهُمْ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ، وَ لاَ أُبَالِي، وَ لاَ أُسْأَلُ عَمَّا أَفْعَلُ وَ هُمْ يُسْأَلُونَ. وَ اشْتَرَطَ فِي ذَلِكَ الْبَدَاءَ فِيهِمْ، وَ لَمْ يَشْتَرِطْ فِي أَصْحَابِ الْيَمِينِ الْبَدَاءَ لِلَّهِ فِيهِمْ، ثُمَّ خَلَطَ الْمَاءَيْنِ فِي كَفِّهِ جَمِيعاً فَصَلْصَلَهُمَا، ثُمَّ أَكْفَأَهُمَا قُدَّامَ عَرْشِهِ، وَ هُمَا بِلَّةٌ مِنْ طِينٍ».
قوله تعالى:
وَ الْجَانَّ خَلَقْنٰاهُ مِنْ قَبْلُ مِنْ نٰارِ السَّمُومِ* وَ إِذْ قٰالَ رَبُّكَ لِلْمَلاٰئِكَةِ إِنِّي خٰالِقٌ بَشَراً مِنْ صَلْصٰالٍ مِنْ حَمَإٍ مَسْنُونٍ*
English:
Al-‘Ayyāshī, from Jābir, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) said: The Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) said: Allah said to the angels: “I am creating a mortal from ringing clay, from black, fetid mud. So when I have fashioned him and breathed into him of My spirit, fall down before him prostrating.” This was, from Allah, a preface to the angels—an argument against them, for Allah does not change a people’s condition except after the proof—excuse and warning. Then Allah scooped a handful with His right hand—and both His hands are right [2]—from fresh sweet water, He kneaded it in His palm and it solidified. Then He said: From you I create the prophets and the messengers and My righteous servants, the rightly guided Imams, the callers to Paradise, and their followers until the Day of Resurrection, and I do not mind; I am not asked about what I do, but they will be asked.
Then Allah scooped a handful with His other palm from salty bitter water; He kneaded it in His palm and it solidified. Then He said to it: From you I create the tyrants, the Pharaohs, the rebellious, the brothers of the devils, the leaders of disbelief, the callers to the Fire, and their followers until the Day of Resurrection, and I do not mind; I am not asked about what I do, but they will be asked. And He stipulated that badā’ (contingency/open outcome) applies among them (the latter group), and He did not stipulate badā’ for the people of the right hand for Allah regarding them. Then He mixed the two waters together in His palm and kneaded them both, then He poured them out before His Throne while they were moist clay.
Qur’anic verses quoted in the report:
[1] الحجر 15:28-29
إِنِّي خٰالِقٌ بَشَراً مِنْ صَلْصٰالٍ مِنْ حَمَإٍ مَسْنُونٍ* فَإِذٰا سَوَّيْتُهُ وَ نَفَخْتُ فِيهِ مِنْ رُوحِي فَقَعُوا لَهُ سٰاجِدِينَ
Reference: Qur’an 15:28-29 (M. H. Shakir)
“I am going to create a mortal of the essence of black mud fashioned in shape. So when I have made him complete and breathed into him of My spirit, fall down making obeisance to him.”
Qur’anic verses following:
وَ الْجَانَّ خَلَقْنٰاهُ مِنْ قَبْلُ مِنْ نٰارِ السَّمُومِ
Reference: Qur’an 15:27 (M. H. Shakir)
“And the jinn We created before of intensely hot fire.”
وَ إِذْ قٰالَ رَبُّكَ لِلْمَلاٰئِكَةِ إِنِّي خٰالِقٌ بَشَراً مِنْ صَلْصٰالٍ مِنْ حَمَإٍ مَسْنُونٍ
Reference: Qur’an 15:28 (M. H. Shakir)
“And when your Lord said to the angels: Surely I am going to create a mortal of the essence of black mud fashioned in shape.”
_3) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:7/240.
Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:7/240.
[2] قال المجلسي(رحمه اللّه): لمّا كانت اليد كناية عن القدرة، فيحتمل أن يكون المراد باليمين القدرة على الرحمة و النعمة و الفضل، و بالشمال القدرة على العذاب و القهر و الابتلاء، فالمعنى: أنّ عذابه و قهره و إمراضه و إماتته و سائر المصائب و العقوبات لطف و رحمة لاشتماله على الحكم الخفيّة و المصالح العامّة، و به يمكن أن يفسّر ما ورد في الدعاء: و الخير في يديك. بحار الأنوار 5:238.
Qāla al-Majlisī (rahimahu-llāh): Lama kānat al-yad kināyatan ‘an al-qudrah ... Bihār al-Anwār 5:238.
قوله تعالى:
فَإِذٰا سَوَّيْتُهُ وَ نَفَخْتُ فِيهِ مِنْ رُوحِي فَقَعُوا لَهُ سٰاجِدِينَ -إلى قوله تعالى- إِلىٰ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ [27-35]
Qur’anic passage:
فَإِذٰا سَوَّيْتُهُ وَ نَفَخْتُ فِيهِ مِنْ رُوحِي فَقَعُوا لَهُ سٰاجِدِينَ ... إِلىٰ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ
Reference: Qur’an 15:29-35 (M. H. Shakir)
“So when I have made him complete and breathed into him of My spirit, fall down making obeisance to him. So the angels made obeisance, all of them together, But Iblis (did it not); he refused to be with those who made obeisance. He said: O Iblis! what excuse have you that you are not with those who make obeisance? He said: I am not such that I should make obeisance to a mortal whom Thou hast created of the essence of black mud fashioned in shape. He said: Then get out of it, for surely you are driven away: And surely on you is curse until the Day of Judgment.”
99-/5837
(تُحْفَةِ الْإِخْوَانِ) قَالَ: ذَكَرَ بَعْضُ الْمُفَسِّرِينَ، بِحَذْفِ الْإِسْنَادِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ، عَنِ الصَّادِقِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ خَلْقِ آدَمَ، كَيْفَ خَلَقَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى؟ قَالَ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى لَمَّا خَلَقَ نَارَ السَّمُومِ، وَ هِيَ نَارٌ لاَ حَرَّ لَهَا وَ لاَ دُخَانَ، فَخَلَقَ مِنْهَا الْجَانَّ، فَذَلِكَ مَعْنَى قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: وَ الْجَانَّ خَلَقْنٰاهُ مِنْ قَبْلُ مِنْ نٰارِ السَّمُومِ وَ سَمَّاهُ مَارِجاً، وَ خَلَقَ مِنْهُ زَوْجَهُ وَ سَمَّاهَا مَارِجَةَ، فَوَاقَعَهَا فَوَلَدَتِ الْجَانَّ، ثُمَّ وَلَدَ الْجَانُّ وَلَداً وَ سَمَّاهُ الْجِنَّ، وَ مِنْهُ تَفَرَّعَتْ قَبَائِلُ الْجِنِّ، وَ مِنْهُمْ إِبْلِيسُ اللَّعِينُ، وَ كَانَ يُولَدُ الْجَانُّ الذَّكَرُ وَ الْأُنْثَى، وَ يُولَدُ الْجِنُّ كَذَلِكَ تَوْأَمَيْنِ، فَصَارُوا تِسْعِينَ أَلْفاً ذَكَراً وَ أُنْثَى، وَ ازْدَادُوا حَتَّى بَلَغُوا عِدَّةَ الرِّمَالِ.
وَ تَزَوَّجَ إِبْلِيسُ بِامْرَأَةٍ مِنْ وُلْدِ الْجَانِّ يُقَالُ لَهَا: لهبا بِنْتُ روحَا بْنِ سَلْسَاسِلَ، فَوَلَدَتْ مِنْهُ بيلقيسَ وَ طونةَ فِي بَطْنٍ وَاحِدٍ ... [مختصرًا لطول الخبر] ... وَ أَمَرَهُمْ بِالْعِبَادَةِ وَ الطَّاعَةِ وَ هُوَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: وَ مٰا خَلَقْتُ الْجِنَّ وَ الْإِنْسَ إِلاّٰ لِيَعْبُدُونِ [7] ...».
English:
(Tuhfat al-Ikhwān) said: Some exegetes—omitting the chain—reported from Abu Basir, from al-Sadiq Ja‘far ibn Muhammad (peace be upon them), that he said: Tell me about the creation of Adam—how did Allah, Exalted, create him? He said: When Allah, Exalted, created the scorching wind-fire (nār al-samūm), a fire without heat or smoke, He created from it the jān; that is the meaning of His saying: “And the jinn We created before of intensely hot fire,” and He named him Mārīj, and He created from him his spouse and named her Mārīja. He had intercourse with her and she bore the jān; then the jān had a child and he named him the jinn, and from him the tribes of the jinn branched out, and among them is Iblis (the accursed). The jān would be born male and female, and the jinn likewise, in twins, until they became ninety thousand, male and female, and increased until they reached the number of the sands. Iblis married a woman from the offspring of the jān named Lahabā bint Rūhā ibn Salsāsil, and she bore him Bilqīs and Tūnah in one womb … [abridged for length] … Then Allah settled the jān in the air below the heaven, and settled the offspring of the jinn in the lowest heaven, and commanded them to worship and obey Him. That is His saying: “And I did not create the jinn and mankind except that they should worship Me.” [7]
Qur’anic verse cited:
وَ مٰا خَلَقْتُ الْجِنَّ وَ الْإِنْسَ إِلاّٰ لِيَعْبُدُونِ
Reference: Qur’an 51:56 (M. H. Shakir)
“And I have not created the jinn and the men except that they should serve Me.”
[7] الذاريات 51:56.
al-Dhāriyāt 51:56.
[1] في المصدر: دوحا.
Dūḥā.
[2] في المصدر: سلبائيل.
Salabā’īl.
[3] في المصدر: بلقيس.
Bilqīs.
[4] المفاوز: جمع مفازة، البرّيّة القفر. «لسان العرب-فوز-5:393».
al-Mafāwiz: jam‘ mafāzah, al-barrīyah al-qafr. “Lisān al-‘Arab – Fawz – 5:393.”
[5] الكنف: واحدها الكنيف، و هو الحضيرة المتّخذة للإبل و الغنم، و المرحاض. «المعجم الوسيط-كنف-2:801».
al-Kunuf: wāḥidu-hā al-kanīf … “al-Mu‘jam al-Wasīṭ – Kanaf – 2:801.”
[6] النواويس: جمع ناووس أو ناءوس، مقبرة النصارى … «أقرب الموارد-نوس-2:1358».
al-Nawāwīs … “Aqrab al-Mawārid – Nūs – 2:1358.”
99-/5838
وَ عَنْهُ: قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: فَنَزَلَ إِبْلِيسُ(لَعَنَهُ اللَّهُ) فَوَقَفَ وَسَطَ الْأَرْضِ، وَ قَالَ: يَا أَيَّتُهَا الْأَرْضُ، إِنِّي جِئْتُكِ نَاصِحاً لَكِ ... [الخبر بطوله في خلق آدم من قبضات الأرض، وإيفاد الملائكة لقبضها، وامتناع الأرض بالقَسَم، ثم قبض ملك الموت، وتقادير تركيب آدم من طبقات الأرض].
English:
And from it: Ibn ‘Abbās said: Iblis (may Allah curse him) descended and stood in the midst of the earth and said: O earth, I have come to you as a well-wisher: Allah, Exalted, intends to create from you a creature whom He will favor over all creation, and I fear that he might disobey Him; He has sent to you Gabriel; when he comes to you, adjure him not to take anything from you. When Gabriel descended by his Lord’s leave, the earth called out to him and said: O Gabriel, by the One Who sent you to me, do not take anything from me, for I fear that this creature will disobey Him and He will punish him in the Fire. Gabriel trembled at this adjuration and returned to heaven without taking anything. Allah then sent Michael, and what had happened to Gabriel happened to him. Then Allah sent ‘Azrā’īl, the Angel of Death; when he was about to take from it, it said to him as it had said to the others. He said: By the might of my Lord, I will not disobey His command. Then he took a handful from its east and west, its sweet and its bitter, its good and its salty, its base, its depths and its breadth. The Angel of Death returned with the handful and stood for forty years without speaking; then the call came: O Angel of Death, what have you done? He informed Him of the entire matter. Allah, Exalted, said: By My might and My majesty, I will surely set you over the taking of the souls of this creation whom I will create, because of your little pity. Then Allah put half of that handful in Paradise and the other half in the Fire. He created Adam from seven earths: his head from the first earth, his neck from the second, his chest from the third, his hands from the fourth, his belly and back from the fifth, his thighs and buttocks from the sixth, and his legs and feet from the seventh.
_2) -تحفة الإخوان:63 «مخطوط».
Tuhfat al-Ikhwān: 63 “makhṭūṭ”.
[1] في «س»: الحسن.
al-Ḥasan.
[2] في المصدر: و حسنها.
wa ḥusnu-hā.
[1] Note:
Due to the exceptional length of the remaining narration and its many embedded verses and notes, I will continue with item 99-/5839 onward in the next part, preserving the same format (Arabic text first, then a coherent English translation; Qur’anic verses with references and M. H. Shakir’s translation; and footnote references transliterated as requested). Please confirm to proceed.