S 2 A 142

بقرة آيه 142

99-/660 _5- ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ:عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ فَضَالَةَ،عَنْ أَبَانٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: صِبْغَةَ اللّٰهِ وَ مَنْ أَحْسَنُ مِنَ اللّٰهِ صِبْغَةً قَالَ:«هِيَ الْإِسْلاَمُ».

99-/660 _5- Ibn Bābawayh: from his father, from Sa‘d ibn ‘Abd Allāh, from Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad, from his father, from Faḍālah, from Abān, from Abū ‘Abd Allāh (peace be upon him), regarding the saying of Allah: “The dye of Allah, and who is better than Allah in dye?” He said: It is Islam.

99-/661 _6- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ زُرَارَةَ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،وَ حُمْرَانَ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «الصِّبْغَةُ الْإِسْلاَمُ».

99-/661 _6- Al-‘Ayyāshī: from Zurārah, from Abū Ja‘far (peace be upon him), and from Ḥumrān, from Abū ‘Abd Allāh (peace be upon him): “The dye is Islam.”

99-/662 _7- وَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ [1] بْنِ كَثِيرٍ الْهَاشِمِيِّ-مَوْلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ-،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: صِبْغَةَ اللّٰهِ وَ مَنْ أَحْسَنُ مِنَ اللّٰهِ صِبْغَةً قَالَ:«الصِّبْغَةُ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)بِالْوَلاَيَةِ فِي الْمِيثَاقِ».

99-/662 _7- And from ‘Abd al-Raḥmān [1] ibn Kathīr al-Hāshimī—the client of Abū Ja‘far—from Abū ‘Abd Allāh (peace be upon him), regarding the saying of Allah: “The dye of Allah, and who is better than Allah in dye?” He said: “The dye is the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) through wilāyah in the primordial covenant.”

قوله تعالى:

سَيَقُولُ السُّفَهٰاءُ مِنَ النّٰاسِ مٰا وَلاّٰهُمْ عَنْ قِبْلَتِهِمُ الَّتِي كٰانُوا عَلَيْهٰا قُلْ لِلّٰهِ الْمَشْرِقُ وَ الْمَغْرِبُ يَهْدِي مَنْ يَشٰاءُ إِلىٰ صِرٰاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ [142]

The foolish among the people will say: What has turned them from their qibla which they had? Say: The East and the West belong only to Allah; He guides whom He pleases to the right path. (Qur’an 2:142, M. H. Shakir)

99-/663 _1- الشَّيْخُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنِ الطَّاطَرِيِّ،عَنْ وُهَيْبٍ،عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِهِ: سَيَقُولُ السُّفَهٰاءُ مِنَ النّٰاسِ مٰا وَلاّٰهُمْ عَنْ قِبْلَتِهِمُ الَّتِي كٰانُوا عَلَيْهٰا قُلْ لِلّٰهِ الْمَشْرِقُ وَ الْمَغْرِبُ يَهْدِي مَنْ يَشٰاءُ إِلىٰ صِرٰاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ . فَقُلْتُ لَهُ:أَمَرَهُ اللَّهُ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ إِلَى بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ؟ قَالَ:«نَعَمْ،أَ لاَ تَرَى أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ: وَ مٰا جَعَلْنَا الْقِبْلَةَ الَّتِي كُنْتَ عَلَيْهٰا إِلاّٰ لِنَعْلَمَ مَنْ يَتَّبِعُ الرَّسُولَ مِمَّنْ يَنْقَلِبُ عَلىٰ عَقِبَيْهِ وَ إِنْ كٰانَتْ لَكَبِيرَةً إِلاّٰ عَلَى الَّذِينَ هَدَى اللّٰهُ وَ مٰا كٰانَ اللّٰهُ لِيُضِيعَ إِيمٰانَكُمْ إِنَّ اللّٰهَ بِالنّٰاسِ لَرَؤُفٌ رَحِيمٌ [2]؟ قَالَ:«إِنَّ بَنِي عَبْدِ الْأَشْهَلِ أَتَوْهُمْ وَ هُمْ فِي الصَّلاَةِ،وَ قَدْ صَلَّوْا رَكْعَتَيْنِ إِلَى بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ،فَقِيلَ لَهُمْ:إِنَّ نَبِيَّكُمْ قَدْ صُرِفَ إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ،فَتَحَوَّلَ النِّسَاءُ مَكَانَ الرِّجَالِ،وَ الرِّجَالُ مَكَانَ النِّسَاءِ،وَ صَلَّوُا الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ الْبَاقِيَتَيْنِ إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ، فَصَلَّوْا صَلاَةً وَاحِدَةً إِلَى قِبْلَتَيْنِ،فَلِذَلِكَ سُمِّيَ مَسْجِدُهُمْ مَسْجِدَ الْقِبْلَتَيْنِ».

99-/663 _1- The Shaykh, with his chain, from al-Ṭāṭarī, from Wuhayb, from Abū Baṣīr, from one of the two (peace be upon them), regarding His saying: “The foolish among the people will say: What has turned them from their qibla which they had? Say: The East and the West belong only to Allah; He guides whom He pleases to the right path.” I said to him: Did Allah command him to pray toward Bayt al-Maqdis? He said: “Yes. Do you not see that Allah, Exalted, says: ‘And We did not appoint the qibla which you were upon but that We might know him who follows the Messenger from him who turns back upon his heels; and indeed it was surely hard except for those whom Allah has guided; and Allah was not going to make your faith to be fruitless; surely Allah is Compassionate, Merciful to the people’ [2]?” He said: “Indeed the Banū ‘Abd al-Ashhal came to them while they were in prayer, and they had prayed two rak‘ahs toward Bayt al-Maqdis. It was said to them: Your Prophet has been turned toward the Ka‘bah. So the women moved to the places of the men, and the men to the places of the women, and they prayed the remaining two rak‘ahs toward the Ka‘bah. Thus they performed one prayer toward two qiblas; for that reason their mosque was named Masjid al-Qiblatayn.”

99-/664 _2- أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الطَّبْرِسِيُّ؛عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «تَحَوَّلَتِ الْقِبْلَةُ إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ بَعْدَ مَا صَلَّى النَّبِيُّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)بِمَكَّةَ ثَلاَثَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً إِلَى بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ،وَ بَعْدَ مُهَاجَرَتِهِ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ صَلَّى إِلَى بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ سَبْعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ-قَالَ-:ثُمَّ وَجَّهَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ،وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْيَهُودَ كَانُوا يُعَيِّرُونَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،وَ يَقُولُونَ لَهُ:أَنْتَ تَابِعٌ لَنَا،تُصَلِّي إِلَى قِبْلَتِنَا؛فَاغْتَمَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)مِنْ ذَلِكَ غَمّاً شَدِيداً، وَ خَرَجَ فِي جَوْفِ اللَّيْلِ يَنْظُرُ إِلَى آفَاقِ السَّمَاءِ،يَنْتَظِرُ مِنَ اللَّهِ فِي ذَلِكَ أَمْراً،فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ وَ حَضَرَ وَقْتُ صَلاَةِ الظُّهْرِ، كَانَ فِي مَسْجِدِ بَنِي سَالِمٍ قَدْ صَلَّى مِنَ الظُّهْرِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ،فَنَزَلَ عَلَيْهِ جَبْرَئِيلُ وَ أَخَذَ بِعَضُدَيْهِ وَ حَوَّلَهُ إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ،وَ أَنْزَلَ عَلَيْهِ: قَدْ نَرىٰ تَقَلُّبَ وَجْهِكَ فِي السَّمٰاءِ فَلَنُوَلِّيَنَّكَ قِبْلَةً تَرْضٰاهٰا فَوَلِّ وَجْهَكَ شَطْرَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرٰامِ [1]وَ كَانَ قَدْ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ إِلَى بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ،وَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ،فَقَالَتِ الْيَهُودُ وَ السُّفَهَاءُ: مٰا وَلاّٰهُمْ عَنْ قِبْلَتِهِمُ الَّتِي كٰانُوا عَلَيْهٰا ».

99-/664 _2- Abū ‘Alī al-Ṭabrisī; from ‘Alī ibn Ibrāhīm, with his chain from al-Ṣādiq (peace be upon him), said: “The qibla was turned to the Ka‘bah after the Prophet (Allah bless him and his family) had prayed in Mecca for thirteen years toward Bayt al-Maqdis, and after his migration to Medina he prayed toward Bayt al-Maqdis for seven months—he said—then Allah directed him toward the Ka‘bah. That was because the Jews used to taunt the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and his family), saying to him: You follow us; you pray toward our qibla. This distressed the Messenger of Allah greatly, and he went out in the depth of the night looking to the horizons of the sky, awaiting from Allah a command in that regard. When morning came and the time of ẓuhr arrived, he was in the Mosque of Banū Sālim and had prayed two rak‘ahs of ẓuhr, so Gabriel descended upon him, took him by the upper arms, and turned him toward the Ka‘bah, and revealed to him: ‘Indeed We see the turning of your face to the heaven, so We shall surely turn you to a qibla which you shall like; so turn your face toward the Sacred Mosque’ [1]. He had prayed two rak‘ahs toward Bayt al-Maqdis and two rak‘ahs toward the Ka‘bah. Then the Jews and the foolish said: ‘What has turned them from their qibla which they had?’”

99-/665 _3- الْإِمَامُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: «إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)لَمَّا كَانَ بِمَكَّةَ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَتَوَجَّهَ نَحْوَ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ فِي صَلاَتِهِ،وَ يَجْعَلَ الْكَعْبَةَ بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَهَا إِذَا أَمْكَنَ،وَ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ [2]اسْتَقْبَلَ بَيْتَ الْمَقْدِسِ كَيْفَ كَانَ، فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ طُولَ مُقَامِهِ بِهَا ثَلاَثَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً. فَلَمَّا كَانَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ،وَ كَانَ مُتَعَبِّداً بِاسْتِقْبَالِ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ اسْتَقْبَلَهُ وَ انْحَرَفَ عَنِ الْكَعْبَةِ سَبْعَةَ عَشَرَ شَهْراً، وَ جَعَلَ قَوْمٌ مِنْ مَرَدَةِ الْيَهُودِ يَقُولُونَ:وَ اللَّهِ،مَا دَرَى مُحَمَّدٌ كَيْفَ صَلَّى حَتَّى صَارَ يَتَوَجَّهُ إِلَى قِبْلَتِنَا،وَ يَأْخُذُ فِي صَلاَتِهِ بِهَدْيِنَا وَ نُسُكِنَا؛فَاشْتَدَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)لَمَّا اتَّصَلَ بِهِ عَنْهُمْ،وَ كَرِهَ قِبْلَتَهُمْ وَ أَحَبَّ الْكَعْبَةَ،فَجَاءَهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):يَا جَبْرَئِيلُ،لَوَدِدْتُ لَوْ صَرَفَنِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ، فَقَدْ تَأَذَّيْتُ بِمَا يَتَّصِلُ بِي مِنْ قِبَلِ الْيَهُودِ مِنْ قِبْلَتِهِمْ.فَقَالَ جَبْرَئِيلُ:فَاسْأَلْ رَبَّكَ أَنْ يُحَوِّلَكَ إِلَيْهَا،فَإِنَّهُ لاَ يَرُدُّكَ عَنْ طَلِبَتِكَ،وَ لاَ يُخَيِّبُكَ مِنْ بُغْيَتِكَ. فَلَمَّا اسْتَتَمَّ دُعَاءَهُ صَعِدَ جَبْرَئِيلُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،ثُمَّ عَادَ مِنْ سَاعَتِهِ،فَقَالَ:اِقْرَأْ،يَا مُحَمَّدُ: قَدْ نَرىٰ تَقَلُّبَ وَجْهِكَ فِي السَّمٰاءِ فَلَنُوَلِّيَنَّكَ قِبْلَةً تَرْضٰاهٰا فَوَلِّ وَجْهَكَ شَطْرَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرٰامِ وَ حَيْثُ مٰا كُنْتُمْ فَوَلُّوا وُجُوهَكُمْ شَطْرَهُ [3]الْآيَاتِ.فَقَالَ الْيَهُودُ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ: مٰا وَلاّٰهُمْ عَنْ قِبْلَتِهِمُ الَّتِي كٰانُوا عَلَيْهٰا .فَأَجَابَهُمُ اللَّهُ أَحْسَنَ جَوَابٍ، فَقَالَ: قُلْ لِلّٰهِ الْمَشْرِقُ وَ الْمَغْرِبُ وَ هُوَ يَمْلِكُهُمَا،وَ تَكْلِيفُهُ التَّحَوُّلَ إِلَى جَانِبٍ كَتَحْوِيلِهِ لَكُمْ إِلَى جَانِبٍ آخَرَ يَهْدِي مَنْ يَشٰاءُ إِلىٰ صِرٰاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ هُوَ مُصْلِحُهُمْ وَ مُؤَدِّيهِمْ بِطَاعَتِهِمْ [1] إِلَى جَنَّاتِ النَّعِيمِ. وَ جَاءَ قَوْمٌ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)فَقَالُوا:يَا مُحَمَّدُ،هَذِهِ الْقِبْلَةُ بَيْتُ الْمَقْدِسِ قَدْ صَلَّيْتَ إِلَيْهَا أَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً ثُمَّ تَرَكْتَهَا الْآنَ،أَ فَحَقّاً كَانَ مَا كُنْتَ عَلَيْهِ،فَقَدْ تَرَكْتَهُ إِلَى بَاطِلٍ؟فَإِنَّ مَا يُخَالِفُ الْحَقَّ فَهُوَ بَاطِلٌ،أَوْ كَانَ بَاطِلاً فَقَدْ كُنْتَ عَلَيْهِ طُولَ هَذِهِ الْمُدَّةِ؟فَمَا يَأْمَنَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ الْآنَ عَلَى بَاطِلٍ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):بَلْ ذَلِكَ كَانَ حَقّاً،وَ هَذَا حَقٌّ،يَقُولُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: قُلْ لِلّٰهِ الْمَشْرِقُ وَ الْمَغْرِبُ يَهْدِي مَنْ يَشٰاءُ إِلىٰ صِرٰاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ إِذَا عَرَفَ صَلاَحَكُمْ-يَا أَيُّهَا الْعِبَادُ-فِي اسْتِقْبَالِ الْمَشْرِقِ أَمَرَكُمْ بِهِ،وَ إِذَا عَرَفَ صَلاَحَكُمْ فِي اسْتِقْبَالِ الْمَغْرِبِ أَمَرَكُمْ بِهِ،وَ إِنْ عَرَفَ صَلاَحَكُمْ فِي غَيْرِهِمَا أَمَرَكُمْ بِهِ،فَلاَ تُنْكِرُوا تَدْبِيرَ اللَّهِ فِي عِبَادِهِ،وَ قَصْدَهُ إِلَى مَصَالِحِكُمْ. ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):لَقَدْ تَرَكْتُمُ الْعَمَلَ يَوْمَ السَّبْتِ،ثُمَّ عَمِلْتُمْ بَعْدَهُ فِي سَائِرِ الْأَيَّامِ،وَ تَرَكْتُمُوهُ فِي يَوْمِ السَّبْتِ،ثُمَّ عَمِلْتُمْ بَعْدَهُ،أَ فَتَرَكْتُمُ الْحَقَّ إِلَى الْبَاطِلِ،أَوِ الْبَاطِلَ إِلَى الْحَقِّ؟أَوِ الْبَاطِلَ إِلَى الْبَاطِلِ أَوِ الْحَقَّ إِلَى الْحَقِّ؟قُولُوا كَيْفَ شِئْتُمْ فَهُوَ قَوْلُ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ جَوَابُهُ لَكُمْ. قَالُوا:بَلْ تَرْكُ الْعَمَلِ فِي السَّبْتِ حَقٌّ،وَ الْعَمَلُ بَعْدَهُ حَقٌّ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):فَكَذَلِكَ قِبْلَةُ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ فِي وَقْتِهَا حَقٌّ،ثُمَّ قِبْلَةُ الْكَعْبَةِ فِي وَقْتِهَا حَقٌّ. فَقَالُوا:يَا مُحَمَّدُ:أَ فَبَدَا لِرَبِّكَ فِيمَا كَانَ أَمَرَكَ بِهِ بِزَعْمِكَ مِنَ الصَّلاَةِ إِلَى بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ حَتَّى [2] نَقَلَكَ إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):مَا بَدَا لَهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ،لِأَنَّهُ الْعَالِمُ بِالْعَوَاقِبِ،وَ الْقَادِرُ عَلَى الْمَصَالِحِ،لاَ يَسْتَدْرِكُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ غَلَطاً،وَ لاَ يَسْتَحْدِثُ لَهُ رَأْياً بِخِلاَفِ الْمُتَقَدِّمِ،جَلَّ عَنْ ذَلِكَ،وَ لاَ يَقَعُ أَيْضاً عَلَيْهِ مَانِعٌ يَمْنَعُهُ عَنْ مُرَادِهِ، وَ لَيْسَ يَبْدُو إِلاَّ لِمَنْ كَانَ هَذَا وَصْفَهُ،وَ هُوَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَتَعَالَى عَنْ هَذِهِ الصِّفَاتِ عُلُوّاً كَبِيراً. ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):أَيُّهَا الْيَهُودُ،أَخْبِرُونِي عَنِ اللَّهِ،أَ لَيْسَ يُمْرِضُ ثُمَّ يُصِحُّ،وَ يُصِحُّ ثُمَّ يُمْرِضُ،أَ بَدَا لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ؟أَ لَيْسَ يُحْيِي وَ يُمِيتُ [3]،أَ لَيْسَ يَأْتِي بِاللَّيْلِ فِي أَثَرِ النَّهَارِ،ثُمَّ النَّهَارِ فِي أَثَرِ اللَّيْلِ،أَ بَدَا لَهُ فِي كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ؟قَالُوا:لاَ. قَالَ:فَكَذَلِكَ اللَّهُ تَعَبَّدَ نَبِيَّهُ مُحَمَّداً بِالصَّلاَةِ إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ بَعْدَ أَنْ كَانَ تَعَبَّدَهُ بِالصَّلاَةِ إِلَى بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ،وَ مَا بَدَا لَهُ فِي الْأَوَّلِ،ثُمَّ قَالَ:أَ لَيْسَ اللَّهُ يَأْتِي بِالشِّتَاءِ فِي أَثَرِ الصَّيْفِ،وَ الصَّيْفِ فِي أَثَرِ الشِّتَاءِ،أَ بَدَا لَهُ فِي كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا؟ قَالُوا:لاَ.قَالَ:فَكَذَلِكَ لَمْ يَبْدُ لَهُ فِي الْقِبْلَةِ». قَالَ:«ثُمَّ قَالَ:أَ لَيْسَ قَدْ أَلْزَمَكُمْ أَنْ تَحْتَرِزُوا فِي الشِّتَاءِ مِنَ الْبَرْدِ بِالثِّيَابِ الْغَلِيظَةِ،وَ أَلْزَمَكُمْ فِي الصَّيْفِ أَنْ تَحْتَرِزُوا مِنَ الْحَرِّ،أَ فَبَدَا لَهُ فِي الصَّيْفِ حِينَ [1] أَمَرَكُمْ بِخِلاَفِ مَا أَمَرَكُمْ بِهِ فِي الشِّتَاءِ؟قَالُوا:لاَ.فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):فَكَذَلِكَ تَعَبَّدَكُمْ فِي وَقْتٍ لِصَلاَحٍ يَعْلَمُهُ بِشَيْءٍ،ثُمَّ بَعْدَهُ فِي وَقْتٍ آخَرَ لِصَلاَحٍ آخَرَ [2] بِشَيْءٍ آخَرَ، فَإِنْ أَطَعْتُمْ فِي الْحَالَيْنِ اسْتَحْقَقْتُمْ ثَوَابَهُ،فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ: وَ لِلّٰهِ الْمَشْرِقُ وَ الْمَغْرِبُ فَأَيْنَمٰا تُوَلُّوا فَثَمَّ وَجْهُ اللّٰهِ [3]أَيْ إِذَا تَوَجَّهْتُمْ بِأَمْرِهِ فَثَمَّ الْوَجْهُ الَّذِي تَقْصِدُونَ مِنْهُ [4] اللَّهَ تَعَالَى،وَ تُؤَمِّلُونَ ثَوَابَهُ. ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):يَا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ،أَنْتُمْ كَالْمَرْضَى،وَ اللَّهُ رَبُّ الْعَالَمِينَ كَالطَّبِيبِ،فَصَلاَحُ الْمَرْضَى فِيمَا يَعْلَمُهُ الطَّبِيبُ وَ يُدَبِّرُهُ بِهِ،لاَ فِيمَا يَشْتَهِيهِ الْمَرِيضُ وَ يَقْتَرِحُهُ،أَلاَ فَسَلِّمُوا لِلَّهِ أَمْرَهُ تَكُونُوا مِنَ الْفَائِزِينَ». فَقِيلَ:يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ،فَلِمَ أَمَرَ بِالْقِبْلَةِ الْأُولَى؟ فَقَالَ:«لِمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ مٰا جَعَلْنَا الْقِبْلَةَ الَّتِي كُنْتَ عَلَيْهٰا وَ هِيَ بَيْتُ الْمَقْدِسِ إِلاّٰ لِنَعْلَمَ مَنْ يَتَّبِعُ الرَّسُولَ مِمَّنْ يَنْقَلِبُ عَلىٰ عَقِبَيْهِ [5]إِلاَّ لِنَعْلَمَ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُ مَوْجُوداً بَعْدَ أَنْ عَلِمْنَاهُ سَيُوجَدُ،وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ هَوَى أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ كَانَ فِي الْكَعْبَةِ،فَأَرَادَ اللَّهُ [أَنْ] يُبَيِّنَ مُتَّبِعَ مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)مِنْ مُخَالِفِهِ بِاتِّبَاعِ الْقِبْلَةِ الَّتِي كَرِهَهَا، وَ مُحَمَّدٌ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)يَأْمُرُ بِهَا،وَ لَمَّا كَانَ هَوَى أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ فِي بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ أَمَرَهُمْ بِمُخَالَفَتِهَا وَ التَّوَجُّهِ إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ، لِيُبَيِّنَ مَنْ يُوَافِقُ مُحَمَّداً(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)فِي مَا يَكْرَهُهُ،فَهُوَ مُصَدِّقُهُ وَ مُوَافِقُهُ. ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَ إِنْ كٰانَتْ لَكَبِيرَةً إِلاّٰ عَلَى الَّذِينَ هَدَى اللّٰهُ [6]أَيْ كَانَ [7] التَّوَجُّهُ إِلَى بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ فِي ذَلِكَ الْوَقْتِ كَبِيرَةً إِلاَّ عَلَى مَنْ يَهْدِي اللَّهُ،فَعَرَفَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يُتَعَبَّدُ بِخِلاَفِ مَا يُرِيدُهُ الْمَرْءُ لِيَبْتَلِيَ طَاعَتَهُ فِي مُخَالَفَةِ هَوَاهُ».

99-/665 _3- Imam Abū Muḥammad al-‘Askarī (peace be upon him) said: “When the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and his family) was in Mecca, he was commanded to face Bayt al-Maqdis in his prayer and to place the Ka‘bah between himself and it when possible; and if it was not [2] possible, he faced Bayt al-Maqdis however it was. The Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and his family) did that for the duration of his stay there, thirteen years. When he was in Medina, being obligated to face Bayt al-Maqdis, he faced it and turned away from the Ka‘bah for seventeen months. A group among the rebellious Jews began saying, ‘By Allah, Muḥammad did not know how to pray until he began to face our qibla and to adopt in his prayer our way and our rite.’ This weighed heavily upon the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and his family) when it reached him. He disliked their qibla and loved the Ka‘bah. Gabriel (peace be upon him) came to him. The Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and his family) said to him: ‘O Gabriel, I would love for Allah to turn me from Bayt al-Maqdis to the Ka‘bah, for I have been hurt by what reaches me from the Jews regarding their qibla.’ Gabriel said: ‘Ask your Lord to turn you toward it; He will not turn you back from your request nor disappoint you in your desire.’ When he completed his supplication, Gabriel ascended, then returned immediately and said: ‘Recite, O Muḥammad: “Indeed We see the turning of your face to the heaven, so We shall surely turn you to a qibla which you shall like; so turn your face toward the Sacred Mosque; and wherever you are, turn your faces toward it” [3], and the verses.’ The Jews then said: ‘What has turned them from their qibla which they had?’ Allah answered them with the best answer, saying: ‘Say: The East and the West belong to Allah, and He owns them both. His obligating you to turn toward one side is like His turning you to another side. He guides whom He pleases to a straight path—He is the One who sets their affairs right and leads them, through their obedience [1], to the Gardens of Bliss.’ A group of Jews came to the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and his family) and said: ‘O Muḥammad, this qibla of Bayt al-Maqdis—you prayed toward it for fourteen years and then you have left it now. Was what you were upon truth, such that you have left it for falsehood? For whatever contradicts truth is falsehood. Or was it falsehood, so that you were upon it all this time? What security do we have that you are not now upon falsehood?’ The Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and his family) said: ‘Rather, that was truth, and this is truth. Allah the Exalted says: “Say: The East and the West belong to Allah; He guides whom He pleases to the right path.” When He knows, O servants, that your welfare lies in facing the East, He commands you to it; and when He knows your welfare lies in facing the West, He commands you to it; and if He knows your welfare lies in other than these two, He commands you to that. So do not deny Allah’s management of His servants and His directing Himself to your interests.’ Then the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and his family) said to them: ‘You have left off work on the Sabbath, then worked after it on the other days, then left it again on the Sabbath, then worked after it. Did you leave truth for falsehood, or falsehood for truth, or falsehood for falsehood, or truth for truth? Say what you wish; it is Muḥammad’s statement and his answer to you.’ They said: ‘Rather, leaving work on the Sabbath is truth, and working after it is truth.’ The Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and his family) said: ‘Likewise, the qibla of Bayt al-Maqdis in its time was truth; then the qibla of the Ka‘bah in its time is truth.’ They said: ‘O Muḥammad, did it then occur to your Lord—regarding what He had commanded you, as you claim, of prayer toward Bayt al-Maqdis—until [2] He moved you to the Ka‘bah?’ The Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and his family) said: ‘It did not occur to Him regarding that, for He is the One who knows the outcomes and is capable of [bringing about] the interests. He does not correct an error upon Himself, nor originate for Himself an opinion contrary to what preceded—far exalted is He above that. Nor does there befall Him any impediment that prevents Him from His purpose. Such “occurrence” applies only to one who is of that description, and He—Mighty and Majestic—is highly exalted above such attributes.’ Then the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and his family) said to them: ‘O Jews, inform me about Allah: does He not cause illness and then grant health, and grant health and then cause illness—did it “occur” to Him in that? Does He not give life and cause death [3]? Does He not bring the night after the day, then the day after the night—did it “occur” to Him in each of these?’ They said: ‘No.’ He said: ‘Likewise, Allah obligated His Prophet Muḥammad to pray toward the Ka‘bah after He had obligated him to pray toward Bayt al-Maqdis, and it did not “occur” to Him in the first. And He said: Does not Allah bring winter after summer and summer after winter—did it “occur” to Him in each of them?’ They said: ‘No.’ He said: ‘Likewise, nothing “occurred” to Him regarding the qibla.’ He said: ‘Then he said: Has He not required you to protect yourselves in winter from the cold with thick garments, and required you in summer to protect yourselves from the heat—did it “occur” to Him in the summer [1] when He commanded you contrary to what He commanded you in the winter?’ They said: ‘No.’ The Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and his family) said: ‘Likewise, He obligated you at one time, for a welfare He knows, with one matter; then after it, at another time, for another welfare [2], with another matter. If you obey in both states, you merit His reward.’ Then Allah revealed: ‘And Allah’s is the East and the West; therefore, whither you turn, there is Allah’s face’ [3]—that is, if you turn by His command, then there is the direction by which you seek [4] Allah the Exalted and hope for His reward. Then the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and his family) said: ‘O servants of Allah, you are like the sick, and Allah, the Lord of the worlds, is like the physician. The welfare of the sick is in what the physician knows and manages for them, not in what the sick person desires and proposes. So submit to Allah’s command and you will be among the successful.’ It was said: ‘O son of the Messenger of Allah, then why did He command the first qibla?’ He said: ‘For what Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: “And We did not appoint the qibla which you were upon—and it is Bayt al-Maqdis—except that We might know him who follows the Messenger from him who turns back upon his heels” [5], that is, only that we might know that from him as realized after we had known it would be realized. This is because the desire of the people of Mecca was for the Ka‘bah, so Allah wanted to make clear the follower of Muḥammad (Allah bless him and his family) from his opponent by [commanding] the qibla they disliked while Muḥammad (Allah bless him and his family) commanded it. And since the desire of the people of Medina was for Bayt al-Maqdis, He commanded them to oppose it and face the Ka‘bah, to make clear who agrees with Muḥammad (Allah bless him and his family) in what he dislikes—such a one is his confirmer and agreer.’ Then he said: ‘And indeed it was surely hard except for those whom Allah has guided’ [6], that is, the turning to Bayt al-Maqdis at that time was burdensome, except for one whom Allah guides, who understands that Allah obligates contrary to what a person desires in order to test his obedience in opposing his own desire.”

قوله تعالى:

وَ كَذٰلِكَ جَعَلْنٰاكُمْ أُمَّةً وَسَطاً لِتَكُونُوا شُهَدٰاءَ عَلَى النّٰاسِ وَ يَكُونَ الرَّسُولُ عَلَيْكُمْ شَهِيداً[143]

And thus We have made you a medium (just) nation that you may be the bearers of witness to the people and (that) the Messenger may be a bearer of witness to you. (Qur’an 2:143, M. H. Shakir)

99-/666 _1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْوَشَّاءِ،عَنْ

99-/666 _1- Muḥammad ibn Ya‘qūb: from al-Ḥusayn ibn Muḥammad, from Mu‘allā ibn Muḥammad, from al-Ḥasan ibn ‘Alī al-Washshā’, from —

<<incomplete hadees>>

Footnotes

_5) معاني الأخبار:1/188.

Ma‘ānī al-Akhbār: 1/188.

_6) تفسير العيّاشي 1:108/62.

Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:108/62.

_7) تفسير العيّاشي 1:109/62.

Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:109/62.

_1) التهذيب 2:138/43.

al-Tahdhīb 2:138/43.

[1] في«س و ط»:عمران بن عبد الرحمن،و في المصدر:عمر بن عبد الرحمن،و كلاهما سهو أو هما تصحيف(عن عمّه)لتشابه الرسم و لأنّ علي بن حسّان روى هذا الحديث عن عمّه عبد الرحمن كما في الكافي المتقدّم برقم(1)و هو الموافق للبحار 3:20/281،و معجم رجال الحديث 9:343،و حذف مع سائر أسانيد تفسير العيّاشي.

fi “S wa Ṭ”: ‘Imrān ibn ‘Abd al-Raḥmān, wa fī al-maṣdar: ‘Umar ibn ‘Abd al-Raḥmān, wa kilāhumā sahwun aw humā taṣḥīf (ʿan ʿammihi) litashābuh al-rasm wa li’anna ‘Alī ibn Ḥassān rawā hādhā al-ḥadīth ʿan ʿammihi ‘Abd al-Raḥmān kamā fī al-Kāfī al-mutaqaddim biraqm (1) wa huwa al-muwāfiq lil-Biḥār 3:20/281, wa Muʿjam Rijāl al-Ḥadīth 9:343, wa ḥudhifa ma‘a sā’ir asānīd Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī.

[2] البقرة 2:143.

al-Baqara 2:143.

_2) مجمع البيان 1:413.

Majma‘ al-Bayān 1:413.

_3) التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السّلام):312/492.

al-Tafsīr al-mansūb ilā al-Imām al-‘Askarī (ʿalayhi al-salām): 312/492.

[1] في المصدر:و هو مصلحتهم،و تؤديهم طاعتهم.

fī al-maṣdar: wa huwa maṣlaḥatahum, wa tu’addīhim ṭā‘atahum.

[2] في المصدر:حين.

fī al-maṣdar: ḥīn.

[3] في المصدر زيادة:أبدا له.

fī al-maṣdar ziyādah: abadan lahu.

[1] في المصدر:حتى.

fī al-maṣdar: ḥattā.

[2] في المصدر زيادة:يعلمه.

fī al-maṣdar ziyādah: ya‘lamuhu.

[3] البقرة 2:115.

al-Baqara 2:115.

[4] في«ط»نسخة بدل:الذي تعبدون فيه.

fī “Ṭ” nuskha badal: alladhī ta‘budūna fīh.

[5] البقرة 2:143.

al-Baqara 2:143.

[6] البقرة 2:143.

al-Baqara 2:143.

[7] في«س و ط»:و إن كان ما كان.

fī “S wa Ṭ”: wa in kāna mā kān.

[1] البقرة 2:144.

al-Baqara 2:144.