Yunus Ayah 5

قوله تعالى: هُوَ الَّذِي جَعَلَ الشَّمْسَ ضِياءً وَالْقَمَرَ نُورًا وَقَدَّرَهُ مَنَازِلَ لِتَعْلَمُوا عَدَدَ السِّنِينَ وَالْحِسَابَ مَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ ذٰلِكَ إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ يُفَصِّلُ الْآيَاتِ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْلَمُونَ

Qur’an 10:5 — He it is Who made the sun a shining brightness and the moon a light, and ordained for it stages that you might know the computation of years and the reckoning. Allah did not create this but with truth; He makes the communications manifest for a people who know. (M. H. Shakir)

الْعَيَّاشِيُّ: عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ)، قَالَ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ فِي سِتَّةِ أَيَّامٍ، فَالسَّنَةُ تَنْقُصُ سِتَّةَ أَيَّامٍ».

99-/4840 — Al-‘Ayyashi, from Abu Ja‘far, from a man, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), said: Allah created the heavens and the earth in six days, so the year is short by six days.

عَنِ الصَّبَّاحِ بْنِ سَيَابَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ)، قَالَ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَلَقَ الشُّهُورَ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ شَهْرًا، وَهِيَ ثَلَاثُمِائَةٍ وَسِتُّونَ يَوْمًا، فَحَجَزَ عَنْهَا سِتَّةَ أَيَّامٍ خَلَقَ فِيهَا السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ، فَمِنْ ثَمَّ تَقَاصَرَتِ الشُّهُورُ».

99-/4841 — From al-Sabbah b. Sayabah, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), said: Allah created the months as twelve months, and they are three hundred and sixty days, then He withheld from them six days in which He created the heavens and the earth; hence the months became shorter.

عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ)، قَالَ: قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ): «إِنَّ اللَّهَ جَلَّ ذِكْرُهُ وَتَقَدَّسَتْ أَسْمَاؤُهُ خَلَقَ الْأَرْضَ قَبْلَ السَّمَاءِ، ثُمَّ اسْتَوَى عَلَى الْعَرْشِ لِتَدْبِيرِ الْأُمُورِ». وَمَعْنَى اسْتَوَى يَأْتِي — إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى — فِي سُورَةِ طه.

99-/4842 — From Jabir, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), said: The Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) said: Allah—exalted is His remembrance and hallowed are His names—created the earth before the heaven, then He established Himself over the Throne for the governance of affairs. And the meaning of “established Himself” will come, God willing, in Surah Taha.

أبو ذر الغفاري (رحمه الله) قال: كُنْتُ آخِذًا بِيَدِ النَّبِيِّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ) وَنَحْنُ نَتَمَاشَى جَمِيعًا، فَمَا زِلْنَا نَنْظُرُ إِلَى الشَّمْسِ حَتَّى غَابَتْ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَيْنَ تَغِيبُ؟ قَالَ: «فِي السَّمَاءِ، ثُمَّ تُرْفَعُ مِنْ سَمَاءٍ إِلَى سَمَاءٍ، حَتَّى تُرْفَعَ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ السَّابِعَةِ الْعُلْيَا، حَتَّى تَكُونَ تَحْتَ الْعَرْشِ، فَتَخِرَّ سَاجِدَةً، فَتَسْجُدُ مَعَهَا الْمَلَائِكَةُ الْمُوَكَّلُونَ بِهَا، ثُمَّ تَقُولُ: يَا رَبِّ، مِنْ أَيْنَ تَأْمُرُنِي أَنْ أَطْلُعَ، أَمِنْ مَشْرِقِي أَوْ مِنْ مَغْرِبِي؟ فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: وَالشَّمْسُ تَجْرِي لِمُسْتَقَرٍّ لَهَا ذَٰلِكَ تَقْدِيرُ الْعَزِيزِ الْعَلِيمِ (يس 36:38). يَعْنِي بِذَلِكَ صُنْعَ الرَّبِّ الْعَزِيزِ فِي مُلْكِهِ، الْعَلِيمِ بِخَلْقِهِ. فَيَأْتِيهَا جِبْرَئِيلُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ) بِحُلَّةِ ضَوْءٍ مِنْ نُورِ الْعَرْشِ، عَلَى مِقْدَارِ سَاعَاتِ النَّهَارِ، عَلَى طُولِهِ فِي أَيَّامِ الصَّيْفِ، أَوْ قِصَرِهِ فِي الشِّتَاءِ، أَوْ مَا بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ فِي الْخَرِيفِ وَالرَّبِيعِ. فَتَلْبَسُ تِلْكَ الْحُلَّةَ كَمَا يَلْبَسُ أَحَدُكُمْ ثِيَابَهُ، ثُمَّ يَنْطَلِقُ بِهَا فِي جَوِّ السَّمَاءِ حَتَّى تَطْلُعَ مِنْ مَطْلِعِهَا». قَالَ النَّبِيُّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ): «فَكَأَنِّي بِهَا وَقَدْ حُبِسَتْ مِقْدَارَ ثَلَاثٍ، ثُمَّ لَا تُكْسَى ضَوْءًا وَتُؤْمَرُ أَنْ تَطْلُعَ مِنْ مَغْرِبِهَا، فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: إِذَا الشَّمْسُ كُوِّرَتْ وَإِذَا النُّجُومُ انْكَدَرَتْ (التكوير 81:1-2). وَالْقَمَرُ كَذَلِكَ مِنْ مَطْلَعِهِ وَمَجْرَاهُ فِي أُفُقِ السَّمَاءِ وَمَغْرِبِهِ، وَارْتِفَاعِهِ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ السَّابِعَةِ، وَيَسْجُدُ تَحْتَ الْعَرْشِ، ثُمَّ يَأْتِيهِ جِبْرَئِيلُ بِالْحُلَّةِ مِنْ نُورِ الْكُرْسِيِّ، فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: هُوَ الَّذِي جَعَلَ الشَّمْسَ ضِيَاءً وَالْقَمَرَ نُورًا». قَالَ أَبُو ذَرٍّ(رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ): ثُمَّ اعْتَزَلْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ) وَصَلَّيْنَا الْمَغْرِبَ.

99-/4843 — Abu Dharr al-Ghifari (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I was holding the hand of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) as we were walking together, and we kept watching the sun until it set. I said: O Messenger of Allah, where does it set? He said: In the heaven, then it is raised from heaven to heaven until it is raised to the highest seventh heaven, until it is beneath the Throne, and it falls in prostration, and the angels appointed over it prostrate with it. Then it says: My Lord, from where do You command me to rise—From my East or from my West? That is His saying, mighty and majestic: “And the sun runs on to a term appointed for it; that is the ordinance of the Mighty, the Knowing” (Yasin 36:38, Shakir). Meaning thereby the work of the Mighty Lord in His dominion, the Knowing of His creation. Then Gabriel (peace be upon him) comes to it with a robe of light from the Light of the Throne, in measure of the hours of the day—according to its length in summer, its shortness in winter, or what is between that in autumn and spring. It puts on that robe as one of you puts on his clothes, then proceeds with it in the expanse of the sky until it rises from its rising place. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: It is as if I saw it withheld for the measure of three [nights], then it will not be clothed with light, and it will be commanded to rise from its setting place. That is His saying, mighty and majestic: “When the sun is covered; and when the stars darken” (Takwir 81:1–2, Shakir). And the moon is likewise with respect to its rising, its course on the horizon of the sky, its setting, and its ascent to the seventh heaven, and it prostrates beneath the Throne; then Gabriel brings it a robe from the Light of the Footstool. That is His saying, mighty and majestic: “He it is Who made the sun a shining brightness and the moon a light” (Qur’an 10:5, Shakir). Abu Dharr (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Then I withdrew with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family), and we performed the Maghrib prayer.

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ: عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شِمْرٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ)، فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: وَالنَّجْمِ إِذَا هَوَى (النجم 53:1) قَالَ: «أُقْسِمُ بِقَبْضِ مُحَمَّدٍ إِذَا قُبِضَ. مَا ضَلَّ صَاحِبُكُمْ بِتَفْضِيلِهِ أَهْلَ بَيْتِهِ وَمَا غَوَى، وَمَا يَنْطِقُ عَنِ الْهَوَى (النجم 53:2–3)، يَقُولُ: مَا يَتَكَلَّمُ بِفَضْلِ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ بِهَوَاهُ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: إِنْ هُوَ إِلَّا وَحْيٌ يُوحَى (النجم 53:4). وَقَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لِمُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ): قُلْ لَوْ أَنَّ عِنْدِي مَا تَسْتَعْجِلُونَ بِهِ لَقُضِيَ الْأَمْرُ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكُمْ (الأنعام 6:58). قَالَ: لَوْ أَنِّي أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُعْلِمَكُمُ الَّذِي أَخْفَيْتُمْ فِي صُدُورِكُمْ مِنِ اسْتِعْجَالِكُمْ بِمَوْتِي لِتَظْلِمُوا أَهْلَ بَيْتِي مِنْ بَعْدِي، فَكَانَ مَثَلُكُمْ كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: كَمَثَلِ الَّذِي اسْتَوْقَدَ نَارًا فَلَمَّا أَضَاءَتْ مَا حَوْلَهُ (البقرة 2:17)، يَقُولُ: أَضَاءَتِ الْأَرْضُ بِنُورِ مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ) كَمَا تُضِيءُ الشَّمْسُ، فَضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلَ مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ) الشَّمْسَ، وَمَثَلَ الْوَصِيِّ الْقَمَرَ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: جَعَلَ الشَّمْسَ ضِيَاءً وَالْقَمَرَ نُورًا، وَقَوْلُهُ: وَآيَةٌ لَهُمُ اللَّيْلُ نَسْلَخُ مِنْهُ النَّهَارَ فَإِذَا هُمْ مُظْلِمُونَ (يس 36:37)، وَقَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: ذَهَبَ اللَّهُ بِنُورِهِمْ وَتَرَكَهُمْ فِي ظُلُمَاتٍ لَا يُبْصِرُونَ (البقرة 2:17)، يَعْنِي قُبِضَ مُحَمَّدٌ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ)، وَظَهَرَتِ الظُّلْمَةُ فَلَمْ يُبْصِرُوا فَضْلَ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: وَإِنْ تَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى الْهُدَى لَا يَسْمَعُوا وَتَرَاهُمْ يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَيْكَ وَهُمْ لَا يُبْصِرُونَ (الأعراف 7:198)».

99-/4844 — Muhammad b. Ya‘qub … from Jabir, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), regarding Allah’s saying: “I swear by the star when it goes down” (Najm 53:1, Shakir). He said: I swear by the taking (death) of Muhammad when he is taken. “Your companion does not err, nor does he go astray; nor does he speak out of desire” (Najm 53:2–3, Shakir). That is, he does not speak of the merit of his Household from his own desire; it is Allah’s saying: “It is naught but revelation that is revealed” (Najm 53:4, Shakir). And Allah, mighty and majestic, said to Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family): “Say: Had I that for which you are impatient, the matter would certainly have been decided between me and you” (An‘am 6:58, Shakir). He said: If I had been commanded to inform you of what you conceal in your breasts—your hastening for my death so that you might wrong my Household after me—then your likeness would be as Allah said: “Their parable is as the parable of one who kindled a fire, but when it had illumined all around him…” (Baqarah 2:17, Shakir). He says: The earth was illumined by the light of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) as the sun illumines. So Allah made the likeness of Muhammad the sun, and the likeness of the Successor the moon. That is His saying: “He made the sun a shining brightness and the moon a light” (Qur’an 10:5, Shakir), and His saying: “And a sign to them is the night: We draw forth from it the day, then lo! they are in darkness” (Yasin 36:37, Shakir), and His saying: “Allah takes away their light, and leaves them in darkness—so they cannot see” (Baqarah 2:17, Shakir), meaning Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) was taken, and darkness appeared so they could not perceive the merit of his Household. And it is His saying: “And if you call them to guidance, they do not hear; and you see them looking towards you, yet they do not see” (A‘raf 7:198, Shakir).

وَعَنْهُ: بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حَسَّانَ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي النَّوَّارِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ): جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ، لِأَيِّ شَيْءٍ صَارَتِ الشَّمْسُ أَشَدَّ حَرَارَةً مِنَ الْقَمَرِ؟ فَقَالَ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَلَقَ الشَّمْسَ مِنْ نُورِ النَّارِ، وَصَفْوِ الْمَاءِ، طَبَقًا مِنْ هَذَا وَطَبَقًا مِنْ هَذَا، حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَتْ سَبْعَةَ أَطْبَاقٍ أَلْبَسَهَا لِبَاسًا مِنْ نَارٍ، فَمِنْ ثَمَّ صَارَتْ أَشَدَّ حَرَارَةً مِنَ الْقَمَرِ». قُلْتُ: جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ، وَالْقَمَرَ؟ قَالَ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى ذِكْرُهُ خَلَقَ الْقَمَرَ مِنْ ضَوْءِ نُورِ النَّارِ وَصَفْوِ الْمَاءِ، طَبَقًا مِنْ هَذَا وَطَبَقًا مِنْ هَذَا، حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَتْ سَبْعَةَ أَطْبَاقٍ أَلْبَسَهَا لِبَاسًا مِنْ مَاءٍ، فَمِنْ ثَمَّ صَارَ الْقَمَرُ أَبْرَدَ مِنَ الشَّمْسِ». رَوَى ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ فِي الخِصَالِ … وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ.

99-/4845 — And from him, with his chain … from Muhammad b. Muslim, who said: I said to Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him): May I be your ransom, for what reason has the sun become hotter than the moon? He said: Allah created the sun from the light of fire and the purity of water—one layer of this and a layer of that—until when they were seven layers, He clothed it in a garment of fire; hence it became hotter than the moon. I said: May I be your ransom—and the moon? He said: Exalted is His remembrance, Allah created the moon from the radiance of the light of fire and the purity of water—one layer of this and a layer of that—until when they were seven layers, He clothed it in a garment of water; hence the moon became cooler than the sun. Ibn Babawayh narrated this hadith in al-Khisal … and mentioned the hadith.

قوله تعالى: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ لَا يَرْجُونَ لِقَاءَنَا وَرَضُوا بِالْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَاطْمَأَنُّوا بِهَا وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ عَنْ آيَاتِنَا غَافِلُونَ

Qur’an 10:7 — Surely those who do not hope in Our meeting and are pleased with this world’s life and are content with it, and those who are heedless of Our communications. (M. H. Shakir)

وَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ: قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ لَا يَرْجُونَ لِقَاءَنَا أَيْ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِهِ، وَرَضُوا بِالْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَاطْمَأَنُّوا بِهَا، وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ عَنْ آيَاتِنَا غَافِلُونَ. قَالَ: الآيَاتُ: أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْأَئِمَّةُ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلَامُ)، وَالدَّلِيلُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ قَوْلُ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ): «مَا لِلَّهِ آيَةٌ أَكْبَرُ مِنِّي».

99-/4846 — ‘Ali b. Ibrahim said, regarding His saying: “Surely those who do not hope in Our meeting” — that is, they do not believe in it — “and are pleased with this world’s life and are content with it, and those who are heedless of Our communications”: He said, the “communications” are the Commander of the Faithful and the Imams (peace be upon them). And the proof of that is the saying of the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him): “Allah has no sign greater than me.”

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ: عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفُضَيْلِ، عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ)، قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ: جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ، إِنَّ الشِّيعَةَ يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنْ تَفْسِيرِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ: عَمَّ يَتَسَاءَلُونَ عَنِ النَّبَإِ الْعَظِيمِ (النّبأ 78:1–2). قَالَ: «ذَلِكَ إِلَيَّ، إِنْ شِئْتُ أَخْبَرْتُهُمْ وَإِنْ شِئْتُ لَمْ أُخْبِرْهُمْ — ثُمَّ قَالَ: — لَكِنِّي أُخْبِرُكَ بِتَفْسِيرِهَا». قُلْتُ: عَمَّ يَتَسَاءَلُونَ؟ فَقَالَ: «هِيَ فِي أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ)، كَانَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ) يَقُولُ: مَا لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ آيَةٌ هِيَ أَكْبَرُ مِنِّي، وَلَا لِلَّهِ مِنْ نَبَإٍ أَعْظَمُ مِنِّي». وَسَيَأْتِي — إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى — تَفْسِيرُ الْآيَاتِ بِالْأَئِمَّةِ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلَامُ) بِالرِّوَايَةِ فِي آخِرِ السُّورَةِ، فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: قُلِ انْظُرُوا مَاذَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ.

99-/4847 — Muhammad b. Ya‘qub … from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him). He said: I said to him: May I be your ransom, the Shi‘a ask you about the exegesis of this verse: “Of what do they ask one another? Of the great news” (Naba’ 78:1–2, Shakir). He said: That is up to me—if I wish, I inform them, and if I wish, I do not inform them. Then he said: But I will inform you of its exegesis. I said: Of what do they ask one another? He said: It concerns the Commander of the Faithful (blessings of Allah be upon him). The Commander of the Faithful used to say: There is no sign of Allah that is greater than me, and there is no news of Allah that is greater than me. And there will come—God willing—narrations interpreting the “communications” as the Imams (peace be upon them) at the end of the surah, in His saying: “Say: Consider what is it that is in the heavens and the earth.”