S 3 A 81

قوله تعالى:

وَ إِذْ أَخَذَ اللّٰهُ مِيثٰاقَ النَّبِيِّينَ لَمٰا آتَيْتُكُمْ مِنْ كِتٰابٍ وَ حِكْمَةٍ ثُمَّ جٰاءَكُمْ رَسُولٌ مُصَدِّقٌ لِمٰا مَعَكُمْ لَتُؤْمِنُنَّ بِهِ وَ لَتَنْصُرُنَّهُ قٰالَ أَ أَقْرَرْتُمْ وَ أَخَذْتُمْ عَلىٰ ذٰلِكُمْ إِصْرِي قٰالُوا أَقْرَرْنٰا قٰالَ فَاشْهَدُوا وَ أَنَا مَعَكُمْ مِنَ الشّٰاهِدِينَ [81]

Quran 3:81 (M. H. Shakir): And when Allah made a covenant through the prophets: Certainly what I have given you of Book and wisdom—then a messenger comes to you verifying that which is with you, you must believe in him, and you must aid him. He said: Do you affirm and accept My compact in this (matter)? They said: We do affirm. He said: Then bear witness, and I (too) am of the bearers of witness with you.

99-/1765 - Ali ibn Ibrahim: Allah took the covenant of His Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) from the prophets that they would believe in him and support him, and that they would inform their nations of his news.

99-/1766 - وَ قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ:حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي،عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ،عَنِ ابْنِ مُسْكَانَ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «مَا بَعَثَ اللَّهُ نَبِيّاً مِنْ لَدُنْ آدَمَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)فَهَلُمَّ جَرّاً إِلاَّ وَ يَرْجِعُ إِلَى الدُّنْيَا وَ يَنْصُرُ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،وَ هُوَ قَوْلُهُ: لَتُؤْمِنُنَّ بِهِ يَعْنِي رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَ لَتَنْصُرُنَّهُ يَعْنِي أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُمْ فِي الذَّرِّ: أَ أَقْرَرْتُمْ وَ أَخَذْتُمْ عَلىٰ ذٰلِكُمْ إِصْرِي أَيْ عَهْدِي: قٰالُوا أَقْرَرْنٰا قٰالَ اللَّهُ لِلْمَلاَئِكَةِ:

فَاشْهَدُوا وَ أَنَا مَعَكُمْ مِنَ الشّٰاهِدِينَ ».وَ هَذِهِ مَعَ الْآيَةِ الَّتِي فِي سُورَةِ الْأَحْزَابِ فِي قَوْلِهِ: وَ إِذْ أَخَذْنٰا مِنَ النَّبِيِّينَ مِيثٰاقَهُمْ وَ مِنْكَ وَ مِنْ نُوحٍ الْآيَةَ،وَ الْآيَةِ الَّتِي فِي سُورَةِ الْأَعْرَافِ فِي قَوْلِهِ: وَ إِذْ أَخَذَ رَبُّكَ مِنْ بَنِي آدَمَ مِنْ ظُهُورِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّتَهُمْ قَدْ كُتِبَتْ هَذِهِ الثَّلاَثُ آيَاتٍ فِي ثَلاَثِ سُوَرٍ.

99-/1766 - Ali ibn Ibrahim said: My father narrated to me, from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr, from Ibn Maskan, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), who said: “Allah has not sent a prophet from the time of Adam (peace be upon him) onward except that he will return to this world and support the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him). And it is His saying: ‘You must surely believe in him’—meaning the Messenger of Allah—and ‘you must surely support him’—meaning the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him). Then He said to them in the [realm of] particles: ‘Do you affirm and accept My solemn charge—meaning My covenant—regarding that?’ They said: ‘We affirm.’ Allah said to the angels: ‘So bear witness, and I am with you among the witnesses.’” And this [verse] together with the verse in Surah al-Ahzab in His saying: ‘And when We took from the prophets their covenant, and from you, and from Nuh…’ and the verse in Surah al-A‘raf in His saying: ‘And when your Lord brought forth from the children of Adam, from their backs, their descendants…’—these three verses have been written in three surahs.

[1] الأحزاب 33:7 - al-Ahzab 33:7

[2] الأعراف 7:172 - al-A‘raf 7:172

99-/1767 - سَعْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ:عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ،عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُسْكَانَ، عَنْ فَيْضِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ،قَالَ:سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يَقُولُ ،وَ تَلاَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: وَ إِذْ أَخَذَ اللّٰهُ مِيثٰاقَ النَّبِيِّينَ الْآيَةَ:«لَتُؤْمِنُنَّ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،وَ لَتَنْصُرُنَّ عَلِيّاً أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)-قَالَ-:نَعَمْ وَ اللَّهِ مِنْ لَدُنْ آدَمَ وَ هَلُمَّ جَرّاً،فَلَمْ يَبْعَثِ اللَّهُ نَبِيّاً وَ لاَ رَسُولاً إِلاَّ رَدَّ جَمِيعَهُمْ إِلَى الدُّنْيَا حَتَّى يُقَاتِلُوا بَيْنَ يَدَيْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)».

99-/1767 - Sa‘d ibn ‘Abdullah, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa, from Muhammad ibn Sinan, from ‘Abdullah ibn Maskan, from Faydh ibn Abi Shaybah, said: I heard Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) say—and he recited this verse: ‘And when Allah took the covenant of the prophets…’—“You must surely believe in the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family), and you must surely support ‘Ali, the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him).” He said: “Yes, by Allah, from the time of Adam and onward. Allah has not sent a prophet or a messenger except that He will return all of them to the world until they fight before ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him).”

99-/1768 - وَ رَوَى صَاحِبُ كِتَابِ(الْوَاحِدَةِ)قَالَ:رَوَى أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأُطْرُوشُ الْكُوفِيُّ،قَالَ:

حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْبَجَلِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْبَرْقِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي نَجْرَانَ،عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ،عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ الثُّمَالِيِّ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الْبَاقِرِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ:«قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى أَحَدٌ وَاحِدٌ،تَفَرَّدَ فِي وَحْدَانِيَّتِهِ،ثُمَّ تَكَلَّمَ بِكَلِمَةٍ فَصَارَتْ نُوراً،ثُمَّ خَلَقَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ النُّورِ مُحَمَّداً(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،وَ خَلَقَنِي وَ ذُرِّيَّتِي،ثُمَّ تَكَلَّمَ بِكَلِمَةٍ فَصَارَتْ رُوحاً فَأَسْكَنَهَا اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي ذَلِكَ النُّورِ،وَ أَسْكَنَهُ فِي أَبْدَانِنَا،فَنَحْنُ رُوحُ اللَّهِ،وَ كَلِمَاتُهُ،وَ بِنَا احْتَجَّ عَلَى خَلْقِهِ،فَمَا زِلْنَا فِي ظُلَّةٍ خَضْرَاءَ حَيْثُ لاَ شَمْسٌ وَ لاَ قَمَرٌ،وَ لاَ لَيْلٌ وَ لاَ نَهَارٌ،وَ لاَ عَيْنٌ تَطْرِفُ نَعْبُدُهُ وَ نُقَدِّسُهُ وَ نُسَبِّحُهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْلُقَ خَلْقَهُ،وَ أَخَذَ مِيثَاقَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ بِالْإِيمَانِ وَ النُّصْرَةِ لَنَا،وَ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ إِذْ أَخَذَ اللّٰهُ مِيثٰاقَ النَّبِيِّينَ لَمٰا آتَيْتُكُمْ مِنْ كِتٰابٍ وَ حِكْمَةٍ ثُمَّ جٰاءَكُمْ رَسُولٌ مُصَدِّقٌ لِمٰا مَعَكُمْ لَتُؤْمِنُنَّ بِهِ وَ لَتَنْصُرُنَّهُ يَعْنِي لَتُؤْمِنُنَّ بِمُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)وَ لَتَنْصُرُنَّ وَصِيَّهُ،فَقَدْ آمَنُوا بِمُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)وَ لَمْ يَنْصُرُوا وَصِيَّهُ،وَ سَيَنْصُرُونَهُ جَمِيعاً.وَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَخَذَ مِيثَاقِي مَعَ مِيثَاقِ مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) بِالنُّصْرَةِ بَعْضُنَا لِبَعْضِ،فَقَدْ نَصَرْتُ مُحَمَّداً(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)وَ جَاهَدْتُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ،وَ قَتَلْتُ عَدُوَّهُ،وَ وَفَيْتُ اللَّهَ بِمَا أَخَذَ عَلَيَّ مِنَ الْمِيثَاقِ وَ الْعَهْدِ وَ النُّصْرَةِ لِمُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،وَ لَمْ يَنْصُرْنِي أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَنْبِيَائِهِ وَ رُسُلِهِ،وَ ذَلِكَ لَمَّا قَبَضَهُمُ اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ،وَ سَوْفَ يَنْصُرُونَنِي».

99-/1768 - The author of the book al-Wahida narrated: Abu Muhammad al-Hasan ibn ‘Abdillah al-Utrush al-Kufi reported: ‘Abdullah ibn Ja‘far ibn Muhammad al-Bajali narrated to us; he said: Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid al-Barqi narrated to me; he said: ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Najran narrated to me, from ‘Asim ibn Humayd, from Abu Hamzah al-Thumali, from Abu Ja‘far al-Baqir (peace be upon him), who said: “The Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) said: Verily Allah, blessed and exalted, is One, Unique—He is singular in His oneness. Then He spoke a word and it became light. Then from that light He created Muhammad (may Allah bless him and his family), and He created me and my progeny. Then He spoke a word and it became a spirit, so Allah, exalted is He, made it dwell in that light, and He made it dwell in our bodies. Thus we are the Spirit of Allah and His Words, and through us He argued against His creation. We remained beneath a green canopy where there was no sun and no moon, no night and no day, and no eye blinked; we worshipped Him, sanctified Him, and glorified Him before He created His creation. And He took the covenant from the prophets to believe in us and to support us. That is His saying, Mighty and Majestic: ‘And when Allah took the covenant of the prophets: Certainly what I have given you of Book and wisdom; then a messenger comes to you confirming what is with you, you must surely believe in him and you must surely support him’—meaning: you must believe in Muhammad (may Allah bless him and his family) and you must support his legatee. They believed in Muhammad (may Allah bless him and his family) but they did not support his legatee, and they will all support him [in the future]. And Allah took my covenant together with the covenant of Muhammad (may Allah bless him and his family): that each of us would support the other. I supported Muhammad (may Allah bless him and his family), strove before him, killed his enemy, and fulfilled to Allah what He took upon me of covenant, pledge, and support for Muhammad (may Allah bless him and his family). None of His prophets and messengers supported me—and that was because Allah had taken them to Himself—but they will support me [in the future].”

_1) تفسير القمّيّ 1:106 - Tafsir al-Qummi 1:106

_2) تفسير القمّيّ 1:106 - Tafsir al-Qummi 1:106

_3) مختصر بصائر الدرجات:25 - Mukhtasar Basa’ir al-Darajat: 25

_4) مختصر بصائر الدرجات:32، تأويل الآيات 1:30/116 - Mukhtasar Basa’ir al-Darajat: 32; Ta’wil al-Ayat 1:30/116

[3] في المصدرين:أبو عبد اللّه جعفر بن محمّد البجلي - fi al-masdarayn: Abu ‘Abdillah Ja‘far ibn Muhammad al-Bajali

99-/1769 - الْحَسَنُ بْنُ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الدَّيْلَمِيُّ،فِي(كِتَابِهِ)بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ فَرَجِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ،قَالَ:سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يَقُولُ وَ قَدْ تَلاَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: وَ إِذْ أَخَذَ اللّٰهُ مِيثٰاقَ النَّبِيِّينَ لَمٰا آتَيْتُكُمْ مِنْ كِتٰابٍ وَ حِكْمَةٍ ثُمَّ جٰاءَكُمْ رَسُولٌ مُصَدِّقٌ لِمٰا مَعَكُمْ لَتُؤْمِنُنَّ بِهِ :«يَعْنِي رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) وَ لَتَنْصُرُنَّهُ يَعْنِي وَصِيَّهُ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَ لَمْ يَبْعَثِ اللَّهُ نَبِيّاً وَ لاَ رَسُولاً إِلاَّ وَ أَخَذَ عَلَيْهِ الْمِيثَاقَ لِمُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)بِالنُّبُوَّةِ وَ لِعَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)بِالْإِمَامَةِ».

99-/1769 - Al-Hasan ibn Abi al-Hasan al-Daylami, in his book with his chain, from Faraj ibn Abi Shaybah, said: I heard Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) say, and he recited this verse: ‘And when Allah took the covenant of the prophets…’: “It means the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family); and ‘you must surely support him’ means his legatee, the Commander of the Faithful. Allah did not send any prophet or messenger without taking from him the covenant concerning the prophethood of Muhammad (may Allah bless him and his family) and the imamate of ‘Ali (peace be upon him).”

_5) تأويل الآيات 1:29/116 - Ta’wil al-Ayat 1:29/116

99-/1770 - الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ حَبِيبٍ السِّجِسْتَانِيِّ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: وَ إِذْ أَخَذَ اللّٰهُ مِيثٰاقَ النَّبِيِّينَ لَمٰا آتَيْتُكُمْ مِنْ كِتٰابٍ وَ حِكْمَةٍ ثُمَّ جٰاءَكُمْ رَسُولٌ مُصَدِّقٌ لِمٰا مَعَكُمْ لَتُؤْمِنُنَّ بِهِ وَ لَتَنْصُرُنَّهُ فَكَيْفَ يُؤْمِنُ مُوسَى بِعِيسَى(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)وَ يَنْصُرُهُ وَ لَمْ يُدْرِكْهُ؟وَ كَيْفَ يُؤْمِنُ عِيسَى بِمُحَمَّدٍ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)وَ يَنْصُرُهُ وَ لَمْ يُدْرِكْهُ؟ فَقَالَ:«يَا حَبِيبُ،إِنَّ الْقُرْآنَ قَدْ طُرِحَ مِنْهُ آيٌ كَثِيرَةٌ،وَ لَمْ يَزِدْ فِيهِ إِلاَّ حُرُوفٌ أَخْطَأَتْ بِهَا الْكَتَبَةُ،وَ تَوَهَّمَتْهَا الرِّجَالُ،وَ هَذَا وَهَمٌ،فَاقْرَأْهَا:« وَ إِذْ أَخَذَ اللّٰهُ مِيثٰاقَ -أُمَمِ- اَلنَّبِيِّينَ لَمٰا آتَيْتُكُمْ مِنْ كِتٰابٍ وَ حِكْمَةٍ ثُمَّ جٰاءَكُمْ رَسُولٌ مُصَدِّقٌ لِمٰا مَعَكُمْ لَتُؤْمِنُنَّ بِهِ وَ لَتَنْصُرُنَّهُ هَكَذَا أَنْزَلَهَا-يَا حَبِيبُ-فَوَ اللَّهِ مَا وَفَتْ أُمَّةٌ مِنَ الْأُمَمِ الَّتِي كَانَتْ قَبْلَ مُوسَى(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)بِمَا أَخَذَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهَا مِنَ الْمِيثَاقِ لِكُلِّ نَبِيٍّ بَعَثَهُ اللَّهُ بَعْدَ نَبِيِّهَا،وَ لَقَدْ كَذَّبَتِ الْأُمَّةُ الَّتِي جَاءَهَا مُوسَى(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،لَمَّا جَاءَهَا مُوسَى(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،وَ لَمْ يُؤْمِنُوا بِهِ وَ لاَ نَصَرُوهُ إِلاَّ الْقَلِيلُ مِنْهُمْ،وَ لَقَدْ كَذَّبَتْ أُمَّةُ عِيسَى(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)بِمُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)وَ لَمْ يُؤْمِنُوا بِهِ وَ لاَ نَصَرُوهُ لَمَّا جَاءَ إِلاَّ الْقَلِيلُ مِنْهُمْ.

وَ لَقَدْ جَحَدَتْ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةُ بِمَا أَخَذَ عَلَيْهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)مِنَ الْمِيثَاقِ لِعَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، يَوْمَ أَقَامَهُ لِلنَّاسِ وَ نَصَبَهُ لَهُمْ،وَ دَعَاهُمْ إِلَى وَلاَيَتِهِ وَ طَاعَتِهِ فِي حَيَاتِهِ،وَ أَشْهَدَهُمْ بِذَلِكَ عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ،فَأَيُّ مِيثَاقٍ أَوْكَدُ مِنْ قَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)فِي عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)؟!فَوَ اللَّهِ مَا وَفَوْا،بَلْ جَحَدُوا وَ كَذَّبُوا».

99-/1770 - Al-‘Ayyashi, from Habib al-Sijistani, said: I asked Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) about Allah’s saying: ‘And when Allah took the covenant of the prophets… “You must surely believe in him and you must surely support him.”’ How did Musa believe in ‘Isa (peace be upon them) and support him when he did not live to meet him? And how did ‘Isa believe in Muhammad (peace be upon them) and support him when he did not live to meet him? He said: “O Habib, many verses have been cast out from the Qur’an, and nothing was added to it except letters in which the scribes erred, and men imagined [things]; this is a misconception. So read it: ‘And when Allah took the covenant of the nations of the prophets…’—thus was it sent down, O Habib. By Allah, not a single nation among the nations before Musa (peace be upon him) fulfilled what Allah took upon it by covenant for every prophet whom Allah sent after its own prophet. Indeed, the nation to which Musa (peace be upon him) came rejected him when he came to them, and they did not believe in him nor support him, except a few of them. And indeed the nation of ‘Isa (peace be upon him) rejected Muhammad (may Allah bless him and his family), and they did not believe in him nor support him when he came, except a few of them. And indeed this nation has denied what the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) took upon it by covenant for ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him) on the day he set him up for the people and appointed him for them, and called them to his guardianship and obedience during his lifetime, and made them bear witness to that against themselves. So what covenant is more binding than the saying of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) concerning ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him)? By Allah, they did not fulfill it; rather, they denied and belied.”

_6) تفسير العيّاشي 1:73/180 - Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:73/180

[1] لم يصرّح أحد من أصحاب الرجال بوثاقة حبيب السجستانيّ... - lam yusarrih ahad min ashabi al-rijal bi-wathaqat Habib al-Sijistani…

99-/1771 - عَنْ بُكَيْرٍ،قَالَ:قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَخَذَ مِيثَاقَ شِيعَتِنَا بِالْوَلاَيَةِ لَنَا وَ هُمْ ذَرٌّ يَوْمَ أَخَذَ الْمِيثَاقَ عَلَى الذَّرِّ بِالْإِقْرَارِ لَهُ بِالرُّبُوبِيَّةِ،وَ لِمُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)بِالنُّبُوَّةِ،وَ عَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)أَئِمَّتَهُ الطَّيِّبِينَ وَ هُمْ أَظِلَّةٌ-قَالَ-:خَلَقَهُمْ مِنَ الطِّينَةِ الَّتِي خُلِقَ مِنْهَا آدَمُ-قَالَ-:وَ خَلَقَ أَرْوَاحَ شِيعَتِنَا قَبْلَ أَبْدَانِهِمْ بِأَلْفَيْ عَامٍ، وَ عَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَ عَرَّفَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)عَلِيّاً(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،وَ نَحْنُ نَعْرِفُهُمْ فِي لَحْنِ الْقَوْلِ».

99-/1771 - From Bukayr, who said: Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) said: “Allah took the covenant of our Shi‘a concerning allegiance to us while they were particles, on the day He took the covenant upon the particles to acknowledge His Lordship and [that of] Muhammad (may Allah bless him and his family) his Prophethood. Allah presented to Muhammad (may Allah bless him and his family) his pure Imams while they were shadows.” He said: “He created them from the clay from which Adam was created.” He said: “And He created the spirits of our Shi‘a two thousand years before their bodies, and He presented [them], and the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) made ‘Ali (peace be upon him) known to them. And we recognize them in the undertone of speech.”

99-/1772 - عَنْ زُرَارَةَ،قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):أَ رَأَيْتَ حِينَ أَخَذَ اللَّهُ الْمِيثَاقَ عَلَى الذَّرِّ فِي صُلْبِ آدَمَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،فَعَرَضَهُمْ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ،كَانَتْ مُعَايَنَةً مِنْهُمْ لَهُ؟ قَالَ:«نَعَمْ،يَا زُرَارَةُ،وَ هُمْ ذَرٌّ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ،وَ أَخَذَ عَلَيْهِمْ بِذَلِكَ الْمِيثَاقَ بِالرُّبُوبِيَّةِ لَهُ، وَ لِمُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) بِالنُّبُوَّةِ،ثُمَّ كَفَلَ لَهُمْ بِالْأَرْزَاقِ وَ أَنْسَاهُمْ رُؤْيَتَهُ،وَ أَثْبَتَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ مَعْرِفَتَهُ،فَلاَ بُدَّ مِنْ أَنْ يُخْرِجَ اللَّهُ إِلَى الدُّنْيَا كُلَّ مَنْ أَخَذَ عَلَيْهِ الْمِيثَاقَ،فَمَنْ جَحَدَ مَا أَخَذَ عَلَيْهِ[مِنَ]الْمِيثَاقِ لِمُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)لَمْ يَنْفَعْهُ إِقْرَارُهُ لِرَبِّهِ بِالْمِيثَاقِ، وَ مَنْ لَمْ يَجْحَدْ مِيثَاقَ مُحَمَّدٍ نَفَعَهُ الْمِيثَاقُ لِرَبِّهِ».

99-/1772 - From Zurara, who said: I said to Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him): When Allah took the covenant upon the particles in the loins of Adam (peace be upon him) and presented them to Himself—was that a real witnessing of Him by them? He said: “Yes, O Zurara, while they were particles before Him. He took from them by that the covenant of His Lordship and of Muhammad’s (may Allah bless him and his family) Prophethood. Then He guaranteed for them provisions and made them forget that sight, but He fixed in their hearts His knowledge. Therefore Allah must bring into this world everyone from whom He took the covenant. Whoever denies what He took upon him of the covenant concerning Muhammad (may Allah bless him and his family), his acknowledgment of his Lord by the covenant will not benefit him; and whoever does not deny Muhammad’s covenant, the covenant to his Lord will benefit him.”

_7) تفسير العيّاشي 1:74/180 - Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:74/180

_8) تفسير العيّاشي 1:75/181 - Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:75/181

99-/1773 - عَنْ فَيْضِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ،قَالَ:سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يَقُولُ ،وَ تَلاَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: وَ إِذْ أَخَذَ اللّٰهُ مِيثٰاقَ النَّبِيِّينَ لَمٰا آتَيْتُكُمْ مِنْ كِتٰابٍ وَ حِكْمَةٍ إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ.قَالَ:«لَتُؤْمِنُنَّ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،وَ لَتَنْصُرُنَّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)».

قُلْتُ:وَ لَتَنْصُرُنَّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ؟!قَالَ:«نَعَمْ،مِنْ آدَمَ فَهَلُمَّ جَرّاً،وَ لاَ يَبْعَثُ اللَّهُ نَبِيّاً وَ لاَ رَسُولاً إِلاَّ رَدَّ إِلَى الدُّنْيَا حَتَّى يُقَاتِلَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)».

99-/1773 - From Faydh ibn Abi Shaybah, who said: I heard Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) say, and he recited this verse: ‘And when Allah took the covenant of the prophets… to the end of the verse.’ He said: “‘You must surely believe’—in the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family); ‘and you must surely support’—the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him).” I said: “And support the Commander of the Faithful?!” He said: “Yes, from Adam and onward. Allah does not send a prophet or a messenger except that he will be returned to the world until he fights before the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him).”

_9) تفسير العيّاشي 1:76/181 - Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:76/181

99-/1774 - عَنْ سَلاَّمِ بْنِ الْمُسْتَنِيرِ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: «لَقَدْ تَسَمَّوْا بِاسْمٍ مَا سَمَّى اللَّهُ بِهِ أَحَداً إِلاَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،وَ مَا جَاءَ تَأْوِيلُهُ».

قُلْتُ:جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ مَتَى يَجِيءُ تَأْوِيلُهُ؟ قَالَ:«إِذَا جَاءَ جَمَعَ اللَّهُ أَمَامَهُ النَّبِيِّينَ وَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ حَتَّى يَنْصُرُوهُ،وَ هُوَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ: وَ إِذْ أَخَذَ اللّٰهُ مِيثٰاقَ النَّبِيِّينَ لَمٰا آتَيْتُكُمْ مِنْ كِتٰابٍ وَ حِكْمَةٍ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: وَ أَنَا مَعَكُمْ مِنَ الشّٰاهِدِينَ فَيَوْمَئِذٍ يَدْفَعُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)اللِّوَاءَ إِلَى عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،فَيَكُونُ أَمِيرَ الْخَلاَئِقِ كُلِّهِمْ أَجْمَعِينَ،يَكُونُ الْخَلاَئِقُ كُلُّهُمْ تَحْتَ لِوَائِهِ،وَ يَكُونُ هُوَ أَمِيرَهُمْ،فَهَذَا تَأْوِيلُهُ».

99-/1774 - From Salam ibn al-Mustaneer, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), who said: “They have called themselves by a name which Allah has not given to anyone except ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him), and its interpretation has not yet come.” I said: “May I be your ransom, when will its interpretation come?” He said: “When it comes, Allah will gather before him the prophets and the believers so that they may support him. That is Allah’s saying: ‘And when Allah took the covenant of the prophets…’ to His saying: ‘And I am with you among the witnesses.’ On that day the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) will hand the banner to ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him), and he will be the commander of all creatures altogether. All creatures will be under his banner, and he will be their commander. That is its interpretation.”

_10) تفسير العيّاشي 1:77/181 - Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:77/181

[2] زاد في «ط» و المصدر: راية - zad fi “T” wa al-masdar: raya

قوله تعالى:

أَ فَغَيْرَ دِينِ اللّٰهِ يَبْغُونَ وَ لَهُ أَسْلَمَ مَنْ فِي السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ طَوْعاً وَ كَرْهاً وَ إِلَيْهِ يُرْجَعُونَ -إلى قوله تعالى:- وَ مٰا لَهُمْ مِنْ نٰاصِرِينَ [83-91]

Quran 3:83 (M. H. Shakir): Is it then other than Allah’s religion that they seek (to follow)? And to Him submits whoever is in the heavens and the earth, willingly or unwillingly, and to Him shall they be returned.

99-/1775 - الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ أَبِي الْأَحْوَصِ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى خَلَقَ فِي مُبْتَدَإِ الْخَلْقِ بَحْرَيْنِ:أَحَدُهُمَا عَذْبٌ فُرَاتٌ،وَ الْآخَرُ مِلْحٌ أُجَاجٌ،ثُمَّ خَلَقَ تُرْبَةَ آدَمَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)مِنَ الْبَحْرِ الْعَذْبِ الْفُرَاتِ، ثُمَّ أَجْرَاهُ عَلَى الْبَحْرِ الْأُجَاجِ،فَجَعَلَهُ حَمَأً مَسْنُوناً،وَ هُوَ خَلْقُ آدَمَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،ثُمَّ قَبَضَ قَبْضَةً مِنْ كَتِفِ آدَمَ الْأَيْمَنِ، فَذَرَأَهَا فِي صُلْبِ آدَمَ،فَقَالَ:هَؤُلاَءِ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَ لاَ أُبَالِي[ثُمَّ قَبَضَ مِنْ كَتِفِ آدَمَ الْأَيْسَرِ فَذَرَأَهَا فِي صُلْبِ آدَمَ،فَقَالَ:

هَؤُلاَءِ فِي النَّارِ وَ لاَ أُبَالِي]وَ لاَ أُسْأَلُ عَمَّا أَفْعَلُ وَ لِي فِي هَؤُلاَءِ الْبَدَاءُ بَعْدُ وَ فِي هَؤُلاَءِ،وَ هَؤُلاَءِ سَيُبْتَلَوْنَ».

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«فَاحْتَجَّ يَوْمَئِذٍ أَصْحَابُ الشِّمَالِ وَ هُمْ ذَرٌّ عَلَى خَالِقِهِمْ،فَقَالُوا:يَا رَبَّنَا بِمَ أَوْجَبْتَ لَنَا النَّارَ وَ أَنْتَ الْحَكَمُ الْعَدْلُ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تَحْتَجَّ عَلَيْنَا وَ تَبْلُوَنَا بِالرُّسُلِ وَ تَعْلَمَ طَاعَتَنَا لَكَ وَ مَعْصِيَتَنَا؟فَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى:فَأَنَا أُخْبِرُكُمْ بِالْحُجَّةِ عَلَيْكُمْ الْآنَ فِي الطَّاعَةِ وَ الْمَعْصِيَةِ وَ الْإِعْذَارِ بَعْدَ الْإِخْبَارِ».

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَى مَالِكٍ خَازِنِ النَّارِ،أَنْ مُرِ النَّارَ تَشْهَقْ،ثُمَّ تُخْرِجُ عُنُقاً مِنْهَا،فَخَرَجَتْ لَهُمْ،ثُمَّ قَالَ اللَّهُ لَهُمُ:اُدْخُلُوهَا طَائِعِينَ.فَقَالُوا:لاَ نَدْخُلُهَا طَائِعِينَ.ثُمَّ قَالَ:اُدْخُلُوهَا طَائِعِينَ أَوْ لَأُعَذِّبَنَّكُمْ بِهَا كَارِهِينَ.

قَالُوا:إِنَّمَا هَرَبْنَا إِلَيْكَ مِنْهَا،وَ حَاجَجْنَاكَ فِيهَا حَيْثُ أَوْجَبْتَهَا عَلَيْنَا،وَ صَيَّرْتَنَا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الشِّمَالِ،فَكَيْفَ نَدْخُلُهَا طَائِعِينَ؟وَ لَكِنْ ابْدَأْ بِأَصْحَابِ الْيَمِينِ فِي دُخُولِهَا كَيْ تَكُونَ قَدْ عَدَلْتَ فِينَا وَ فِيهِمْ».

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«فَأَمَرَ أَصْحَابَ الْيَمِينِ وَ هُمْ ذَرٌّ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ،فَقَالَ:اُدْخُلُوا هَذِهِ النَّارَ طَائِعِينَ.قَالَ:

فَطَفِقُوا يَتَبَادَرُونَ فِي دُخُولِهَا فَوَلِجُوا فِيهَا جَمِيعاً،فَصَيَّرَهَا اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ بَرْداً وَ سَلاَماً،ثُمَّ أَخْرَجَهُمْ مِنْهَا،ثُمَّ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى نَادَى فِي أَصْحَابِ الْيَمِينِ وَ أَصْحَابِ الشِّمَالِ:أَ لَسْتُ بِرَبِّكُمْ؟فَقَالَ أَصْحَابُ الْيَمِينِ:بَلَى يَا رَبَّنَا، نَحْنُ بَرِيَّتُكَ وَ خَلْقُكَ مُقِرِّيْنَ طَائِعِينَ.وَ قَالَ أَصْحَابُ الشِّمَالِ:بَلَى يَا رَبَّنَا نَحْنُ بَرِيَّتُكَ وَ خَلْقُكَ كَارِهِينَ.وَ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ: وَ لَهُ أَسْلَمَ مَنْ فِي السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ طَوْعاً وَ كَرْهاً وَ إِلَيْهِ يُرْجَعُونَ -قَالَ-:تَوْحِيدُهُمْ لِلَّهِ».

99-/1775 - Al-‘Ayyashi: from ‘Ammar ibn Abi al-Ahwas, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him): “Verily Allah, blessed and exalted, created at the beginning of creation two seas: one sweet and fresh, and the other salty and bitter. Then He created the soil of Adam (peace be upon him) from the sweet fresh sea, then He ran it over the bitter sea, making it black mud fashioned—in this way was Adam (peace be upon him) created. Then He took a handful from Adam’s right shoulder and scattered it in Adam’s loins, and said: ‘These are in Paradise and I do not mind [then He took from Adam’s left shoulder and scattered it in Adam’s loins, and said: ‘These are in the Fire and I do not mind’]. I am not asked about what I do; and I have the option (bada’) afterward with respect to these and those; and these will be tested.” Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) said: “Then the people of the left, as particles, argued with their Creator that day, saying: ‘Our Lord, how did You obligate the Fire upon us—and You are the Just Judge—before You argue against us and test us with messengers, and know our obedience to You and our disobedience?’ Allah, blessed and exalted, said: ‘I now inform you of the proof against you regarding obedience and disobedience, and excuse after informing.’” Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) said: “Allah revealed to Malik, the keeper of the Fire: ‘Command the Fire to roar, then to bring forth a neck of it.’ So it came forth to them. Then Allah said to them: ‘Enter it willingly.’ They said: ‘We will not enter it willingly.’ Then He said: ‘Enter it willingly, or I will punish you with it unwillingly.’ They said: ‘We only fled to You from it, and we argued with You about it since You obligated it upon us and made us among the people of the left; so how can we enter it willingly? But begin with the people of the right in entering it so that You will have acted justly between us and them.’” Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) said: “He then commanded the people of the right, while they were particles before Him, and said: ‘Enter this Fire willingly.’ They began vying with one another to enter it and all entered it. Allah then made it coolness and peace for them and brought them out of it. Then Allah, blessed and exalted, called out to the people of the right and the people of the left: ‘Am I not your Lord?’ The people of the right said: ‘Yes, our Lord, we are Your creatures and Your creation, acknowledging willingly.’ And the people of the left said: ‘Yes, our Lord, we are Your creatures and Your creation, [acknowledging] unwillingly.’ That is His saying: ‘And to Him submits whoever is in the heavens and the earth, willingly or unwillingly, and to Him they shall be returned’—meaning: their affirmation of Allah’s oneness.”

_1) تفسير العيّاشي 1:78/182 - Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:78/182

99-/1776 - عَنْ عَبَايَةَ الْأَسَدِيِّ:أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يَقُولُ: « وَ لَهُ أَسْلَمَ مَنْ فِي السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ طَوْعاً وَ كَرْهاً وَ إِلَيْهِ يُرْجَعُونَ أَ كَانَ ذَلِكَ بَعْدُ؟».قُلْتُ:نَعَمْ،يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ.

99-/1776 - From ‘Abayah al-Asadi: He heard the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) say regarding ‘And to Him submits whoever is in the heavens and the earth, willingly or unwillingly, and to Him they shall be returned’: “Has that happened yet?” I said: “Yes, O Commander of the Faithful.”

_2) تفسير العيّاشي 1:79/183 - Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:79/183

[1] في «ط»: سيسألون - fi “T”: sayus’alun