An-Nahl Ayah 112

يقول اللّه: فَعَلَيْهِمْ غَضَبٌ مِنَ اللّٰهِ وَ لَهُمْ عَذٰابٌ عَظِيمٌ* ذٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمُ اسْتَحَبُّوا الْحَيٰاةَ الدُّنْيٰا عَلَى الْآخِرَةِ وَ أَنَّ اللّٰهَ لاٰ يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الْكٰافِرِينَ *ذلك بأن اللّه ختم على سمعهم و أبصارهم و قلوبهم و أولئك هم الغافلون*لا جرم أنهم في الآخرة هم الأخسرون هكذا في قراءة ابن مسعود،و قوله أُولٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ طَبَعَ اللّٰهُ عَلىٰ قُلُوبِهِمْ وَ سَمْعِهِمْ وَ أَبْصٰارِهِمْ الآية،هكذا في القراءة المشهورة.

الترجمة: God says: “Upon them is the wrath of Allah, and for them is a great chastisement. That is because they love this world’s life more than the hereafter, and because Allah does not guide the unbelieving people. That is because Allah has set a seal upon their hearing and their hearts and their eyes, and these are the heedless ones. No doubt that in the hereafter they are the greatest losers”—thus in the reading of Ibn Mas‘ud; and His saying, “These are they on whose hearts and their hearing and their eyes Allah has set a seal”—thus in the well-known reading.

- References and Shakir translation:

- Al-Nahl 16:106-109 (standard reading includes 108-109):

- 16:106: Whoever disbelieves in Allah after his having believed—not he who is compelled while his heart is at rest on account of faith—but he who opens his breast to disbelief—on these is the wrath of Allah, and they shall have a grievous chastisement.

- 16:107: This is because they love this world’s life more than the hereafter, and because Allah does not guide the unbelieving people.

- 16:108: These are they on whose hearts and their hearing and their eyes Allah has set a seal, and these are the heedless ones.

- 16:109: No doubt that in the hereafter they are the losers.

هذا كله في عبد اللّه بن سعد بن أبي سرح،كان عاملا لعثمان بن عفان على مصر،و نزل فيه أيضا: وَ مَنْ قٰالَ سَأُنْزِلُ مِثْلَ مٰا أَنْزَلَ اللّٰهُ وَ لَوْ تَرىٰ إِذِ الظّٰالِمُونَ فِي غَمَرٰاتِ الْمَوْتِ [1].

الترجمة: All of this concerns ‘Abdullah b. Sa‘d b. Abi Sarh, who was a governor for ‘Uthman b. ‘Affan over Egypt; and about him was also revealed: “And who is more unjust than he who forges a lie against Allah, or says: It has been revealed to me; while nothing has been revealed to him; and who says: I will reveal the like of what Allah has revealed; and if you could see when the unjust shall be in the agonies of death...” [1].

99-/6171 _11- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ،قَالَ:سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يَقُولُ: «إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)كَانَ يَدْعُو أَصْحَابَهُ،فَمَنْ أَرَادَ بِهِ خَيْراً سَمِعَ وَ عَرَفَ مَا يَدْعُوهُ إِلَيْهِ،وَ مَنْ أَرَادَ بِهِ شَرّاً طَبَعَ عَلَى قَلْبِهِ فَلاَ يَسْمَعُ وَ لاَ يَعْقِلُ،وَ هُوَ قَوْلُهُ: أُولٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ طَبَعَ اللّٰهُ عَلىٰ قُلُوبِهِمْ وَ سَمْعِهِمْ وَ أَبْصٰارِهِمْ وَ أُولٰئِكَ هُمُ الْغٰافِلُونَ ».

الترجمة: 99-/6171 _11- Al-‘Ayyāshī: From Ishaq b. ‘Ammar, who said: I heard Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) say: “The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) used to summon his companions; whoever Allah intended good for would hear and recognize what he was calling him to, and whoever He intended evil for, a seal was set upon his heart so he would neither hear nor comprehend. And it is His saying: ‘These are they on whose hearts and their hearing and their eyes Allah has set a seal, and these are the heedless ones.’”

/6172 _12-علي بن إبراهيم:ثم قال أيضا في عمار: ثُمَّ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لِلَّذِينَ هٰاجَرُوا مِنْ بَعْدِ مٰا فُتِنُوا ثُمَّ جٰاهَدُوا وَ صَبَرُوا إِنَّ رَبَّكَ مِنْ بَعْدِهٰا لَغَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ .

الترجمة: /6172 _12- ‘Alī b. Ibrāhīm: Then he also said regarding ‘Ammar: “Then surely your Lord—(to) those who flee after they are persecuted, then struggle hard and are patient, surely your Lord after that is Forgiving, Merciful.”

- Reference and Shakir translation: Al-Nahl 16:110: Then surely your Lord—(to) those who flee after they are persecuted, then struggle hard and are patient, surely your Lord after that is Forgiving, Merciful.

قوله تعالى:

وَ ضَرَبَ اللّٰهُ مَثَلاً قَرْيَةً كٰانَتْ آمِنَةً مُطْمَئِنَّةً يَأْتِيهٰا رِزْقُهٰا رَغَداً مِنْ كُلِّ مَكٰانٍ فَكَفَرَتْ بِأَنْعُمِ اللّٰهِ فَأَذٰاقَهَا اللّٰهُ لِبٰاسَ الْجُوعِ وَ الْخَوْفِ بِمٰا كٰانُوا يَصْنَعُونَ [112]

الترجمة: His saying, Exalted:

- Reference and Shakir translation: Al-Nahl 16:112: And Allah sets forth a parable: a town safe and secure, to which its means of subsistence came in abundance from every quarter, but it ungratefully denied the favors of Allah, therefore Allah made it to taste the extreme of hunger and fear because of what they wrought.

99-/6173 _1-علي بن إبراهيم،قال:نزلت في قوم كان لهم نهر يقال له(الثرثار)و كانت بلادهم خصبة كثيرة الخير،و كانوا يستنجون بالعجين،و يقولون:هو ألين لنا،فكفروا بأنعم اللّه و استخفوا،فحبس اللّه عنهم الثرثار، فجدبوا حتّى أحوجهم اللّه إلى أكل ما كانوا يستنجون به،حتى كانوا يتقاسمون عليه.

الترجمة: 99-/6173 _1- ‘Alī b. Ibrāhīm said: It was revealed about a people who had a river called al-Tharthār; their lands were fertile and abundant in good, and they used dough to cleanse themselves after relieving themselves, saying, “It is softer for us.” They were ungrateful for Allah’s favors and treated them lightly, so Allah withheld al-Tharthār from them and they suffered drought until Allah compelled them to eat what they had used for cleansing, to the point that they apportioned it among themselves.

99-/6174 _2- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ،عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شِمْرٍ، قَالَ:سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،يَقُولُ: «إِنِّي لَأَلْحَسُ أَصَابِعِي مِنَ الْأُدْمِ حَتَّى أَخَافَ أَنْ يَرَانِي جَارِي فَيَرَى أَنَّ ذَلِكَ مِنَ التَّجَشُّعِ،وَ لَيْسَ ذَلِكَ كَذَلِكَ،وَ إِنَّ قَوْماً أُفْرِغَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ النِّعْمَةُ-وَ هُمْ أَهْلُ الثَّرْثَارِ-فَعَمَدُوا إِلَى مُخِّ الْحِنْطَةِ فَجَعَلُوهُ خُبْزاً هَجَاءً،وَ جَعَلُوا يَنْجُونَ بِهِ صِبْيَانَهُمْ حَتَّى اجْتَمَعَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ جَبَلٌ عَظِيمٌ».

قَالَ:«فَمَرَّ بِهِمْ رَجُلٌ صَالِحٌ،وَ إِذَا امْرَأَةٌ تَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ بِصَبِيٍّ لَهَا،فَقَالَ لَهُمْ:وَيْحَكُمْ،اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ،وَ لاَ تُغَيِّرُوا مَا بِكُمْ مِنْ نِعْمَةٍ.فَقَالَتْ لَهُ:كَأَنَّكَ تُخَوِّفُنَا بِالْجُوعِ،أَمَّا مَا دَامَ ثَرْثَارُنَا يَجْرِي فَإِنَّا لاَ نَخَافُ الْجُوعَ.

قَالَ:فَأَسِفَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ،فَأَضْعَفَ لَهُمُ الثَّرْثَارَ،وَ حَبَسَ عَنْهُمْ قَطْرَ السَّمَاءِ وَ نَبَاتَ الْأَرْضِ-قَالَ-فَاحْتَاجُوا إِلَى ذَلِكَ الْجَبَلِ،وَ إِنَّهُ كَانَ يُقْسَمُ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالْمِيزَانِ».

الترجمة: 99-/6174 _2- Muhammad b. Ya‘qub: from ‘Alī b. Ibrāhīm, from his father, from ‘Abdullah b. al-Mughīra, from ‘Amr b. Shimr, who said: I heard Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) say: “I lick my fingers of the condiment until I fear that my servant might see me and think that it is out of greed; but it is not so. A people—the folk of al-Tharthār—had favors poured upon them; they took the wheat’s core and made it into fine bread, and used it to cleanse their children after relieving themselves until a great mountain of it accumulated.” He said: “A righteous man passed by them, and there was a woman doing that for her child. He said to them: Woe to you, fear Allah the Mighty and Majestic, and do not alter the blessing that you have. She said to him: It is as if you frighten us with hunger; as long as our Tharthār flows, we do not fear hunger. He said: Allah, Mighty and Majestic, became wrathful; He diminished the Tharthār for them and withheld from them the drops of the sky and the growth of the earth; they were forced to resort to that ‘mountain,’ and it was apportioned among them by measure.”

99-/6175 _3- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: «إِنَّ قَوْماً كَانُوا مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ، يُؤْتَى لَهُمْ مِنْ طَعَامِهِمْ حَتَّى جَعَلُوا مِنْهُ تَمَاثِيلَ بِمُدُنٍ كَانَتْ فِي بِلاَدِهِمْ يَسْتَنْجُونَ بِهَا،فَلَمْ يَزَلِ اللَّهُ بِهِمْ حَتَّى اضْطُرُّوا إِلَى التَّمَاثِيلِ يُنَقُّونَهَا وَ يَأْكُلُونَ مِنْهَا،وَ هُوَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ: وَ ضَرَبَ اللّٰهُ مَثَلاً قَرْيَةً كٰانَتْ آمِنَةً مُطْمَئِنَّةً يَأْتِيهٰا رِزْقُهٰا رَغَداً مِنْ كُلِّ مَكٰانٍ فَكَفَرَتْ بِأَنْعُمِ اللّٰهِ فَأَذٰاقَهَا اللّٰهُ لِبٰاسَ الْجُوعِ وَ الْخَوْفِ بِمٰا كٰانُوا يَصْنَعُونَ ».

الترجمة: 99-/6175 _3- Al-‘Ayyāshī: from Hafs b. Salim, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), who said: “There were a people from the Children of Israel to whom provisions were brought in such abundance that they made from it statues in the towns of their land and used them to cleanse themselves after relieving themselves; Allah continued with them until they were forced to those statues, scraping them and eating from them. It is His saying: ‘And Allah sets forth a parable: a town safe and secure... because of what they used to do.’”

99-/6176 _4- عَنْ زَيْدٍ الشَّحَّامِ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: «كَانَ أَبِي يَكْرَهُ أَنْ يَمْسَحَ يَدَهُ بِالْمِنْدِيلِ وَ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ تَعْظِيماً لَهُ،إِلاَّ أَنْ يَمَصَّهَا أَوْ يَكُونَ إِلَى جَانِبِهِ صَبِيٌّ فَيَمَصُّهَا لَهُ».قَالَ:«وَ إِنِّي أَجِدُ الْيَسِيرَ يَقَعُ مِنَ الْخِوَانِ فَأَتَفَقَّدُهُ فَيَضْحَكُ الْخَادِمُ».

ثُمَّ قَالَ:«إِنَّ أَهْلَ قَرْيَةٍ-مِمَّنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ-كَانَ اللَّهُ قَدْ أَوْسَعَ عَلَيْهِمْ حَتَّى طَغَوْا،فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ:لَوْ عَمَدْنَا إِلَى شَيْءٍ مِنْ هَذَا النَّقِيِّ فَجَعَلْنَا نَسْتَنْجِي بِهِ كَانَ أَلْيَنَ عَلَيْنَا مِنَ الْحِجَارَةِ-قَالَ-فَلَمَّا فَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ بَعَثَ اللَّهُ عَلَى أَرْضِهِمْ دَوَابّاً أَصْغَرَ مِنَ الْجَرَادِ فَلَمْ يَدَعْ لَهُمْ شَيْئاً خَلَقَهُ اللَّهُ يَقْدِرُ عَلَيْهِ إِلاَّ أَكَلَهُ مِنْ شَجَرٍ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ،فَبَلَغَ بِهِمُ الْجُهْدُ إِلَى أَنْ أَقْبَلُوا عَلَى الَّذِي كَانُوا يَسْتَنْجُونَ بِهِ فَأَكَلُوهُ،وَ هِيَ الْقَرْيَةُ الَّتِي قَالَ اللَّهُ: ضَرَبَ اللّٰهُ مَثَلاً قَرْيَةً كٰانَتْ آمِنَةً مُطْمَئِنَّةً إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: بِمٰا كٰانُوا يَصْنَعُونَ ».

الترجمة: 99-/6176 _4- From Zayd al-Shahhām, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), who said: “My father disliked wiping his hand with a towel while there was some food on it, out of reverence for it—unless he would suck it off, or there was a child beside him who would suck it for him.” He said: “I find a small morsel fall from the tray and I look for it, and the servant laughs.” Then he said: “The people of a town—of those before you—Allah had expanded for them until they transgressed. Some of them said to others: If we were to take some of this refined flour and use it for cleansing after relieving ourselves, it would be softer for us than stones. When they did that, Allah sent upon their land creatures smaller than locusts; they left them nothing that Allah had created that they could reach except that they ate it—from trees and other things—until hardship pressed them so that they turned to what they had been using for cleansing and ate it. It is the town about which Allah said: ‘Allah sets forth a parable: a town safe and secure ... because of what they used to do.’”

قوله تعالى:

فَمَنِ اضْطُرَّ غَيْرَ بٰاغٍ وَ لاٰ عٰادٍ فَإِنَّ اللّٰهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ [115]

الترجمة: His saying, Exalted:

- Reference and Shakir translation: Al-Nahl 16:115 (closing clause): But whoever is driven to necessity, not desiring, nor exceeding the limit, then surely Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.

99-/6177 _1- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ،قَالَ:قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): مُحْرِمٌ مُضْطَرٌّ إِلَى الصَّيْدِ وَ إِلَى مَيْتَةٍ،مِنْ أَيِّهِمَا يَأْكُلُ؟قَالَ:«يَأْكُلُ مِنَ الصَّيْدِ».

قُلْتُ:أَ لَيْسَ قَدْ أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ الْمَيْتَةَ لِمَنِ اضْطُرَّ إِلَيْهَا؟قَالَ:«بَلَى،وَ لَكِنْ أَ لاَ تَرَى أَنَّهُ يَأْكُلُ مِنْ مَالِهِ؟يَأْكُلُ الصَّيْدَ وَ عَلَيْهِ الْفِدَاءُ».

الترجمة: 99-/6177 _1- Al-‘Ayyāshī: From Mansur b. Hazim, who said: I said to Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him): A muhrim in a state of necessity, [with only] game and a carcass—of which should he eat? He said: “He should eat of the game.” I said: Has not Allah made carrion lawful for one compelled to it? He said: “Indeed; but do you not see that he would then be eating from his own property? Let him eat the game, and there is expiation due upon him.”

99-/6178 _2- الشَّيْخُ فِي(التَّهْذِيبِ):بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ،عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ مُحْرِمٍ اضْطُرَّ إِلَى أَكْلِ الصَّيْدِ وَ الْمَيْتَةِ،قَالَ:«أَيُّهُمَا أَحَبُّ إِلَيْكَ أَنْ تَأْكُلَ؟»قُلْتُ:

الْمَيْتَةُ،لِأَنَّ الصَّيْدَ مُحَرَّمٌ عَلَى الْمُحْرِمِ.

فَقَالَ:«أَيُّهُمَا أَحَبُّ إِلَيْكَ،أَنْ تَأْكُلَ مِنْ مَالِكَ أَوْ مِنَ الْمَيْتَةِ؟»قُلْتُ:آكُلُ مِنْ مَالِي.قَالَ:«فَكُلِ الصَّيْدَ وَ افْدِهِ».

و تفسير الآية قد تقدم.

الترجمة: 99-/6178 _2- The Shaykh in (al-Tahdhīb), by his chain, from Musa b. al-Qasim, from Muhammad, from Sayf b. ‘Umayrah, from Mansur b. Hazim, who said: I asked him about a muhrim compelled to eat from the game and from carrion. He said: “Which would you prefer to eat?” I said: Carrion, because game is forbidden to the muhrim. He said: “Which would you prefer: to eat from your own property or from carrion?” I said: I would eat from my own property. He said: “Then eat the game and pay its ransom.” And the exegesis of the verse has already preceded.

قوله تعالى:

وَ لاٰ تَقُولُوا لِمٰا تَصِفُ أَلْسِنَتُكُمُ الْكَذِبَ هٰذٰا حَلاٰلٌ وَ هٰذٰا حَرٰامٌ لِتَفْتَرُوا عَلَى اللّٰهِ الْكَذِبَ -إلى قوله تعالى- فِيمٰا كٰانُوا فِيهِ يَخْتَلِفُونَ [116-124]

الترجمة: His saying, Exalted: “And do not utter the lies which your tongues describe: This is lawful and this is unlawful, so that you may forge a lie against Allah—” up to His saying—“concerning that about which they differed.”

- Reference and Shakir translation: Al-Nahl 16:116-124 (range summarized here).

/6179 _3-علي بن إبراهيم:في قوله تعالى: وَ لاٰ تَقُولُوا لِمٰا تَصِفُ أَلْسِنَتُكُمُ الْكَذِبَ هٰذٰا حَلاٰلٌ وَ هٰذٰا حَرٰامٌ لِتَفْتَرُوا عَلَى اللّٰهِ الْكَذِبَ قال:هو ما كانت اليهود تقول: مٰا فِي بُطُونِ هٰذِهِ الْأَنْعٰامِ خٰالِصَةٌ لِذُكُورِنٰا وَ مُحَرَّمٌ عَلىٰ أَزْوٰاجِنٰا.

الترجمة: /6179 _3- ‘Alī b. Ibrāhīm: Regarding His saying, “And do not utter the lies which your tongues describe: This is lawful and this is unlawful, so that you may forge a lie against Allah,” he said: It is what the Jews used to say: “What is in the bellies of these cattle is exclusively for our males, and forbidden to our wives.”

المراجع والحواشي:

_11) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:77/273. Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:77/273.

_12) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:391. Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:391.

_1) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:391. Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:391.

[1] الأنعام 6:93. al-An‘ām 6:93.

_2) -الكافي 6:1/301. al-Kāfī 6:1/301.

_3) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:78/273. Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:78/273.

_4) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:79/273. Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:79/273.

[1] في المصدر:خادمي. Translation: In the source: “khādimī” (my servant).

[2] هجا جوعه:سكن و ذهب،و هجا الطعام:أكله«القاموس المحيط 1-هجا-34»،و قد يكون المراد من قوله:فجعلوه خبزا هجاء،أي:صالحا للأكل أو صالحا لرفع الجوع،و قد تكون(هجاء)مصحّفة من(هجانا)أي خيارا صالحا،أو من(منجا)أي خيارا صالحا،أو من(منجا)و هي الآلة التي يستنجى بها،كما ذكر ذلك الطريحي(رحمه اللّه)في مادة(نجا)

Translation: “Hajâ his hunger”: it subsided and went away; and “hajâ the food”: he ate it (al-Qāmūs al-Muḥīṭ 1–hajâ–34). The phrase “they made it khubzan hijā’an” may mean “edible bread” or “bread fit to stave off hunger.” “Hijā’an” may be a misreading of “hijānā” (choice, good) or of “minjā” (choice, good), or of “minjā,” the instrument used for istinjā’, as al-Ṭurayḥī (may Allah have mercy on him) mentions under the root n-j-w.

[3] في المصدر:في. Translation: In the source: “fī”.

[4] في«ط»و المصدر:يتبعونها. Translation: In “Ṭ” and the source: “yattabi‘ūnahā” (they follow them).

[5] في«ط»:في. Translation: In “Ṭ”: “fī”.

_1) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:80/274. Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:80/274.

_2) -التهذيب 5:1272/368. al-Tahdhīb 5:1272/368.

_3) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:391. Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:391.

[2] تقدّم في تفسير قوله تعالى: فَمَنِ اضْطُرَّ غَيْرَ بٰاغٍ وَ لاٰ عٰادٍ فَلاٰ إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ الآية(173)من سورة البقرة. Translation: This appeared earlier in the exegesis of His saying: “But whoever is driven to necessity, not desiring, nor exceeding the limit, then there is no sin upon him” (2:173) from Surat al-Baqarah.

[3] الأنعام 6:139. al-An‘ām 6:139.