Ar-Ra'd Ayah 4-6

فَقُلْتُ:كَيْفَ تَكُونُ مَحْبُوكَةً إِلَى الْأَرْضِ،وَ هُوَ يَقُولُ: رَفَعَ السَّمٰاوٰاتِ بِغَيْرِ عَمَدٍ تَرَوْنَهٰا ؟فَقَالَ:«سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ!أَ لَيْسَ يَقُولُ: بِغَيْرِ عَمَدٍ تَرَوْنَهٰا ؟!». فَقُلْتُ:بَلَى.فَقَالَ:«ثَمَّ عَمَدٌ وَ لَكِنْ لاَ تُرَى». فَقُلْتُ:كَيْفَ ذَاكَ؟فَبَسَطَ كَفَّهُ الْيُسْرَى ثُمَّ وَضَعَ الْيُمْنَى عَلَيْهَا،فَقَالَ:هَذِهِ الْأَرْضُ الدُّنْيَا وَ السَّمَاءُ الدُّنْيَا عَلَيْهَا قُبَّةٌ».

I said: How can it be bound to the earth when He says: “He raised the heavens without pillars that you see”? He replied: Glory be to Allah! Does He not say: “without pillars that you see”? I said: Yes. He said: There are pillars, but they are not seen. I asked: How is that? He spread out his left palm, then placed his right hand upon it and said: This is the lowest earth, and the nearest heaven is a dome over it.

قوله تعالى: ثُمَّ اسْتَوىٰ عَلَى الْعَرْشِ سيأتي-إن شاء اللّه تعالى-معنى ذلك في سورة طه [1].

His saying, the Exalted: Then He rose over the Throne — the meaning of this will come, God willing, in Surah Taha. [1]

قوله تعالى: وَ فِي الْأَرْضِ قِطَعٌ مُتَجٰاوِرٰاتٌ وَ جَنّٰاتٌ مِنْ أَعْنٰابٍ -إلى قول تعالى- وَ يَسْتَعْجِلُونَكَ بِالسَّيِّئَةِ قَبْلَ الْحَسَنَةِ وَ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمُ الْمَثُلاٰتُ [4-6]

His saying, the Exalted: And in the earth are tracts side by side, and gardens of grapes—up to His saying—And they ask you to hasten on the evil before the good, and indeed exemplary punishments have before (this) been inflicted on them. [Quran 13:4-6]

M. H. Shakir: And in the earth are tracts side by side and gardens of grapes and corn and palm trees having one root and (others) having distinct roots—they are watered with one water, and We make some of them excel others in fruit; most surely there are signs in this for a people who understand. And if you would wonder, then wondrous is their saying: What! when we are dust, shall we then certainly be in a new creation? These are they who disbelieve in their Lord, and these shall have chains on their necks, and these are the inmates of the fire; in it they shall abide. And they ask you to hasten on the evil before the good, and indeed exemplary punishments have before (this) been inflicted on them, and most surely your Lord is the Lord of forgiveness to people for their inequity, and most surely your Lord is severe in requiting (evil). [Quran 13:4-6]

99-/5439

ابْنُ شَهْرَ آشُوبٍ:عَنِ الْخَرْكُوشِيِّ فِي(شَرَفِ الْمُصْطَفَى)وَ الثَّعْلَبِيِّ فِي(الْكَشْفِ وَ الْبَيَانِ)وَ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ فِي(الْأَمَالِي)وَ اللَّفْظُ لَهُ،بِإِسْنَادِهِمْ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ،قَالَ:سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)يَقُولُ لِعَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «النَّاسُ مِنْ شَجَرٍ شَتَّى،وَ أَنَا وَ أَنْتَ مِنْ شَجَرَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ-ثُمَّ قَرَأَ- وَ جَنّٰاتٌ مِنْ أَعْنٰابٍ وَ زَرْعٌ وَ نَخِيلٌ صِنْوٰانٌ وَ غَيْرُ صِنْوٰانٍ يُسْقىٰ بِمٰاءٍ وٰاحِدٍ بِالنَّبِيِّ وَ بِكَ». قَالَ:وَ رَوَاهُ النَّطَنْزِيُّ فِي(الْخَصَائِصِ)عَنْ سَلْمَانَ ،و فِي رِوَايَةٍ: «أَنَا وَ عَلِيٌّ مِنْ شَجَرَةٍ،وَ النَّاسُ مِنْ أَشْجَارٍ شَتَّى».

قلت:و روى حديث جابر بن عبد اللّه،الطبرسيّ،و عليّ بن عيسى في(كشف الغمّة) [2].

99-/5439 Ibn Shahr-Āshūb: from al-Kharkūshī in Sharaf al-Muṣṭafā, al-Tha‘labī in al-Kashf wa-l-Bayān, and al-Faḍl b. Shādhān in al-Amālī (his wording), by their isnāds from Jābir b. ‘Abd Allāh, who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his Household) say to ‘Alī (peace be upon him): People are from diverse trees, while I and you are from a single tree. Then he recited: “And gardens of grapes and corn and palm trees having one root and (others) having distinct roots, watered with one water” — meaning by the Prophet and by you. He said: And al-Naṭanzī narrated it in al-Khaṣā’iṣ from Salmān; and in another narration: I and ‘Alī are from one tree, and people are from diverse trees. I say: The hadith of Jābir b. ‘Abd Allāh was also narrated by al-Ṭabrisī and ‘Alī b. ‘Īsā in Kashf al-Ghumma. (Quran 13:4) [2]

99-/5440

الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنِ الْخَطَّابِ الْأَعْوَرِ،رَفَعَهُ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ وَ الْفِقْهِ مِنْ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ(عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: « وَ فِي الْأَرْضِ قِطَعٌ مُتَجٰاوِرٰاتٌ يَعْنِي:هَذِهِ الْأَرْضُ الطَّيِّبَةُ مُجَاوِرَةٌ لِهَذِهِ الْأَرْضِ الْمَالِحَةِ وَ لَيْسَتْ مِنْهَا،كَمَا يُجَاوِرُ الْقَوْمُ الْقَوْمَ وَ لَيْسُوا مِنْهُمْ».

99-/5440 Al-‘Ayyāshī: from al-Khaṭṭāb al-A‘war, who raised it to the People of knowledge and jurisprudence from the Family of Muḥammad (peace be upon him and his family), who said: “And in the earth are tracts side by side” — that is, this good land is adjacent to this salty land but is not of it, just as a people may be adjacent to another people while not being of them. (Quran 13:4)

/5441 _3-و قال عليّ بن إبراهيم:و قوله: وَ فِي الْأَرْضِ قِطَعٌ مُتَجٰاوِرٰاتٌ أي متصلة بعضها ببعض

/5441 3- And ‘Alī b. Ibrāhīm said: His saying, “And in the earth are tracts side by side,” meaning: contiguous, each connected to the other. (Quran 13:4)

_1) -...،المناقب لابن المغازلي:454/400،شواهد التنزيل 1:395/288،ترجمة الإمام علي(عليه السّلام)من تاريخ ابن عساكر 1:178/142، تفسير القرطبيّ 9:283،فرائد السمطين 1:17/52،الدرّ المنثور 4:605،تاريخ الخلفاء للسيوطي:136،الصواعق المحرقة:123.

- ... , al-Manāqib li-Ibn al-Maghāzilī: 454/400, Shawāhid al-Tanzīl 1:395/288, Tarjamat al-Imām ‘Alī (alayhi al-salām) min Tārīkh Ibn ‘Asākir 1:178/142, Tafsīr al-Qurṭubī 9:283, Farā’id al-Simṭayn 1:17/52, al-Durr al-Manthūr 4:605, Tārīkh al-Khulafā’ li-l-Suyūṭī: 136, al-Ṣawā‘iq al-Muḥriqa: 123.

_2) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:4/203.

- Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:4/203.

_3) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:359.

- Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:359.

[1] يأتي في تفسير الآية(5)من سورة طه.

[1] Ya’tī fī tafsīr al-āyah (5) min Sūrat Ṭāhā.

[2] مجمع البيان 6:424،كشف الغمّة 1:295.

[2] Majma‘ al-Bayān 6:424, Kashf al-Ghumma 1:295.

وَ جَنّٰاتٌ مِنْ أَعْنٰابٍ أي بساتين وَ زَرْعٌ وَ نَخِيلٌ صِنْوٰانٌ و الصنوان:التالة [1] التي تنبت من أصل الشجرة وَ غَيْرُ صِنْوٰانٍ يُسْقىٰ بِمٰاءٍ وٰاحِدٍ وَ نُفَضِّلُ بَعْضَهٰا عَلىٰ بَعْضٍ فِي الْأُكُلِ فمنه حلو،و منه حامض،و منه مر، يسقى بماء واحد إِنَّ فِي ذٰلِكَ لَآيٰاتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ .

“And gardens of grapes,” meaning orchards; “and corn; and palm trees having one root (ṣinwān),” and ṣinwān are the offshoots [1] that grow from the base of the tree; “and (others) having distinct roots; watered with one water; and We make some of them excel others in fruit” — some of it is sweet, some sour, and some bitter, though watered with one water. “Most surely there are signs in that for a people who understand.” (Quran 13:4, M. H. Shakir)

ثمّ حكى اللّه عزّ و جلّ قول الدهرية من قريش،فقال: وَ إِنْ تَعْجَبْ فَعَجَبٌ قَوْلُهُمْ أَ إِذٰا كُنّٰا تُرٰاباً أَ إِنّٰا لَفِي خَلْقٍ جَدِيدٍ ثم قال: أُولٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِرَبِّهِمْ وَ أُولٰئِكَ الْأَغْلاٰلُ فِي أَعْنٰاقِهِمْ وَ أُولٰئِكَ أَصْحٰابُ النّٰارِ هُمْ فِيهٰا خٰالِدُونَ و كانوا يستعجلون بالعذاب،فقال اللّه عزّ و جلّ: وَ يَسْتَعْجِلُونَكَ بِالسَّيِّئَةِ قَبْلَ الْحَسَنَةِ وَ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمُ الْمَثُلاٰتُ أي العذاب.

Then Allah, Mighty and Majestic, related the statement of the Dahriyya among Quraysh, saying: “And if you would wonder, then wondrous is their saying: What! when we are dust, shall we then certainly be in a new creation?” Then He said: “These are they who disbelieve in their Lord, and these shall have chains on their necks, and these are the inmates of the Fire; in it they shall abide.” And they used to ask to hasten the punishment, so Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: “And they ask you to hasten on the evil before the good, and indeed exemplary punishments have before (this) been inflicted on them,” meaning the punishment. (Quran 13:5-6, M. H. Shakir)

قوله تعالى: وَ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَذُو مَغْفِرَةٍ لِلنّٰاسِ عَلىٰ ظُلْمِهِمْ [6]

His saying, the Exalted: And most surely your Lord is the Lord of forgiveness to people for their inequity. [Quran 13:6]

M. H. Shakir: And most surely your Lord is the Lord of forgiveness to people for their inequity, and most surely your Lord is severe in requiting (evil). [Quran 13:6]

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ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ بِنَيْسَابُورَ،سَنَةَ اثْنَتَيْنِ وَ خَمْسِينَ وَ ثَلاَثِمِائَةٍ،قَالَ:أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الصَّوْلِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ ذَكْوَانَ،قَالَ:سَمِعْتُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنَ الْعَبَّاسِ يَقُولُ: كُنَّا فِي مَجْلِسِ الرِّضَا(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)فَتَذَاكَرْنَا الْكَبَائِرَ،وَ قَوْلَ الْمُعْتَزِلَةِ فِيهَا:إِنَّهَا لاَ تُغْفَرُ،فَقَالَ الرِّضَا(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):قَدْ نَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ بِخِلاَفِ قَوْلِ الْمُعْتَزِلَةِ،قَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ جَلاَلُهُ: وَ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَذُو مَغْفِرَةٍ لِلنّٰاسِ عَلىٰ ظُلْمِهِمْ ».

99-/5442 Ibn Bābawayh said: Abu ‘Alī al-Ḥusayn b. Aḥmad al-Bayhaqī narrated to us in Nīshāpūr, in the year 352, who said: Muḥammad b. Yaḥyā al-Ṣūlī informed us, who said: Ibn Dhakwān narrated to us, who said: I heard Ibrāhīm b. al-‘Abbās say: We were in the session of al-Riḍā (peace be upon him), and we discussed the major sins and the Mu‘tazilite position therein that they are not forgiven. So al-Riḍā (peace be upon him) said: “Abū ‘Abd Allāh (peace be upon him) said: The Qur’an has been revealed contrary to the statement of the Mu‘tazila. Allah, Glorious is His Glory, said: ‘And most surely your Lord is the Lord of forgiveness to people for their inequity.’” (Quran 13:6)

قوله تعالى: وَ يَقُولُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لَوْ لاٰ أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْهِ آيَةٌ مِنْ رَبِّهِ إِنَّمٰا أَنْتَ مُنْذِرٌ وَ لِكُلِّ قَوْمٍ هٰادٍ [7]

His saying, the Exalted: And those who disbelieve say: Why has not a sign been sent down upon him from his Lord? You are only a warner and (there is) a guide for every people. [Quran 13:7]

M. H. Shakir: And those who disbelieve say: Why has not a sign been sent down upon him from his Lord? You are only a warner and (there is) a guide for every people. [Quran 13:7]

99-/5443

ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ هَمَّامٍ،عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ الْحِمْيَرِيِّ،عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ،عَنْ مَسْعَدَةَ،قَالَ: كُنْتُ عِنْدَ الصَّادِقِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)إِذْ أَتَاهُ شَيْخٌ كَبِيرٌ قَدِ انْحَنَى مُتَّكِئاً عَلَى عَصَاهُ،فَسَلَّمَ فَرَدَّ عَلَيْهِ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)الْجَوَابَ،ثُمَّ قَالَ:يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ،نَاوِلْنِي يَدَكَ لِأُقَبِّلَهَا.فَأَعْطَاهُ يَدَهُ

99-/5443 Ibn Bābawayh said: Aḥmad b. Ismā‘īl narrated to us, who said: Muḥammad b. Hammām narrated to us, from ‘Abd Allāh b. Ja‘far al-Ḥimyarī, from Mūsā b. Muslim, from Mas‘adah, who said: I was with al-Ṣādiq (peace be upon him) when an elderly man, bent over and leaning on his staff, came to him. He greeted, and Abū ‘Abd Allāh (peace be upon him) returned the greeting. Then he said: O son of the Messenger of Allah, extend your hand to me so that I may kiss it. So he gave him his hand.

[1] التال:صغار النّخل.«المعجم الوسيط-تال-1:90».

[1] al-Tāl: ṣighār al-nakhl. «al-Mu‘jam al-Wasīṭ — Tāl — 1:90».