An-Nahl Ayah 106-110

قد اتبع نبي اللّه و آمن به،و كان من أهل الكتاب،فقالت قريش:هذا-و اللّه-يعلم محمّدا،علمه بلسانه،يقول اللّه:

وَ هٰذٰا لِسٰانٌ عَرَبِيٌّ مُبِينٌ .

Translation (Qur’an 16:103, M. H. Shakir):

And certainly We know that they say: Only a mortal teaches him. The tongue of him whom they (falsely) hint at is foreign, and this is clear Arabic tongue.

قوله تعالى:

إِنَّمٰا يَفْتَرِي الْكَذِبَ الَّذِينَ لاٰ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِآيٰاتِ اللّٰهِ [105]

Translation (Qur’an 16:105, M. H. Shakir):

Only they forge the lie who do not believe in Allah’s communications, and these are the liars.

99-/6160 _1- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ هِلاَلٍ،عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): أَنَّهُ ذَكَرَ رَجُلاً كَذَّاباً ثُمَّ قَالَ:«قَالَ اللَّهُ: إِنَّمٰا يَفْتَرِي الْكَذِبَ الَّذِينَ لاٰ يُؤْمِنُونَ ».

99-/6160 English:

Al-‘Ayyāshī, from al-‘Abbās b. Hilāl, from Abū al-Hasan al-Riḍā (peace be upon him): He mentioned a lying man, then said: “Allah said: Only they forge the lie who do not believe.”

قوله تعالى:

مَنْ كَفَرَ بِاللّٰهِ مِنْ بَعْدِ إِيمٰانِهِ إِلاّٰ مَنْ أُكْرِهَ وَ قَلْبُهُ مُطْمَئِنٌّ بِالْإِيمٰانِ وَ لٰكِنْ مَنْ شَرَحَ بِالْكُفْرِ صَدْراً فَعَلَيْهِمْ غَضَبٌ مِنَ اللّٰهِ وَ لَهُمْ عَذٰابٌ عَظِيمٌ -إلى قوله تعالى- ثُمَّ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لِلَّذِينَ هٰاجَرُوا مِنْ بَعْدِ مٰا فُتِنُوا ثُمَّ جٰاهَدُوا وَ صَبَرُوا إِنَّ رَبَّكَ مِنْ بَعْدِهٰا لَغَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ [106-110]

Translation (Qur’an 16:106–110, M. H. Shakir):

Whoever disbelieves in Allah after his belief—excepting him who is compelled while his heart is at rest on account of faith—but he who opens (his) breast to disbelief, on them is the wrath of Allah, and they shall have a grievous chastisement. That is because they love this world’s life more than the hereafter, and because Allah does not guide the unbelieving people. These are they on whose hearts and their hearing and their eyes Allah has set a seal, and these are the heedless ones. No doubt that in the hereafter they will be the losers. Yet surely your Lord, to those who flee after they are persecuted, then they struggle hard and are patient, surely your Lord after that is Forgiving, Merciful.

99-/6161 _2- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ بَكْرِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ،عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ بُرَيْدٍ،قَالَ:

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو الزُّبَيْرِيُّ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)-فِي حَدِيثٍ طَوِيلٍ- «فَأَمَّا مَا فَرَضَ عَلَى الْقَلْبِ مِنَ الْإِيمَانِ:

فَالْإِقْرَارُ،وَ الْمَعْرِفَةُ،وَ الْعَقْدُ،وَ الرِّضَا،وَ التَّسْلِيمُ بِأَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لاَ شَرِيكَ لَهُ إِلَهاً وَاحِداً لَمْ يَتَّخِذْ صَاحِبَةً وَ لاَ وَلَداً،وَ أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً عَبْدُهُ وَ رَسُولُهُ(صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ وَ عَلَى آلِهِ)،وَ الْإِقْرَارُ بِمَا جَاءَ بِهِ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ مِنْ نَبِيٍّ أَوْ كِتَابٍ،فَذَلِكَ مَا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَلَى الْقَلْبِ مِنَ الْإِقْرَارِ وَ الْمَعْرِفَةِ وَ هُوَ عَمَلُهُ،وَ هُوَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: إِلاّٰ مَنْ أُكْرِهَ وَ قَلْبُهُ مُطْمَئِنٌّ بِالْإِيمٰانِ وَ لٰكِنْ مَنْ شَرَحَ بِالْكُفْرِ صَدْراً ».

99-/6161 English:

Muḥammad b. Ya‘qūb, from ‘Alī b. Ibrāhīm, from his father, from Bakr b. Ṣāliḥ, from al-Qāsim b. Burayd, said: Abū ‘Amr al-Zubayrī narrated to us from Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him), in a lengthy narration: “As for what Allah has made obligatory upon the heart in faith: confession, knowledge, resolve, contentment, and submission—that there is no god but Allah, alone without partner, a single God who has not taken a consort nor a child; and that Muḥammad is His servant and His messenger (blessings of Allah be upon him and his family); and confession of whatever he brought from Allah of a prophet or a book. That is what Allah has made obligatory upon the heart of confession and knowledge, and that is its work. And it is the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: excepting him who is compelled while his heart is at rest on account of faith, but he who opens (his) breast to disbelief.”

99-/6162 _3- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ،عَنْ مَسْعَدَةَ بْنِ صَدَقَةَ،قَالَ: قِيلَ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):إِنَّ النَّاسَ يَرْوُونَ:أَنَّ عَلِيّاً(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ عَلَى مِنْبَرِ الْكُوفَةِ:أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ،إِنَّكُمْ سَتُدْعَوْنَ إِلَى سَبِّي، فَسُبُّونِي،ثُمَّ تُدْعَوْنَ إِلَى الْبَرَاءَةِ مِنِّي فَلاَ تَبَرَّءُوا مِنِّي.

قَالَ:«مَا أَكْثَرَ مَا يَكْذِبُ النَّاسُ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)!!»ثُمَّ قَالَ:«إِنَّمَا قَالَ:إِنَّكُمْ سَتُدْعَوْنَ إِلَى سَبِّي فَسُبُّونِي،ثُمَّ تُدْعَوْنَ إِلَى الْبَرَاءَةِ مِنِّي وَ إِنِّي لَعَلَى دِينِ مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،وَ لَمْ يَقُلْ:وَ لاَ تَبَرَّءُوا مِنِّي».

فَقَالَ لَهُ السَّائِلُ:أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنِ اخْتَارَ الْقَتْلَ دُونَ الْبَرَاءَةِ.

فَقَالَ:«وَ اللَّهِ،مَا ذَاكَ عَلَيْهِ،وَ مَا لَهُ إِلاَّ مَا مَضَى عَلَيْهِ عَمَّارُ بْنُ يَاسِرٍ حَيْثُ أَكْرَهَهُ أَهْلُ مَكَّةَ وَ قَلْبُهُ مُطْمَئِنٌّ بِالْإِيمَانِ،فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ[فِيهِ]: إِلاّٰ مَنْ أُكْرِهَ وَ قَلْبُهُ مُطْمَئِنٌّ بِالْإِيمٰانِ ،فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)عِنْدَهَا:

يَا عَمَّارُ،إِنْ عَادُوا فَعُدْ،فَقَدْ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عُذْرَكَ،وَ أَمَرَكَ أَنْ تَعُودَ إِنْ عَادُوا».

99-/6162 English:

And from him: from ‘Alī b. Ibrāhīm, from Hārūn b. Muslim, from Mas‘adah b. Ṣadaqah, who said: It was said to Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him): People relate that ‘Alī (peace be upon him) said on the pulpit of Kūfa: “O people, you will be called to curse me, so curse me; then you will be called to disavow me, so do not disavow me.” He said: “How much people lie against ‘Alī (peace be upon him)!” Then he said: “He only said: ‘You will be called to curse me, so curse me; then you will be called to disavow me—and I am on the religion of Muḥammad (Allah bless him and his family)’—and he did not say: ‘and do not disavow me.’” The questioner said to him: What if a man chooses death instead of disavowal? He said: “By Allah, that is not upon him; he has nothing but what ‘Ammār b. Yāsir proceeded upon—when the people of Mecca coerced him while his heart was at rest in faith, so Allah, Mighty and Majestic, sent down about him: excepting him who is compelled while his heart is at rest on account of faith; and the Prophet (Allah bless him and his family) said to him then: ‘O ‘Ammār, if they repeat it, then you repeat it, for Allah, Mighty and Majestic, has sent down your excuse and commanded you to repeat it if they repeat it.’”

_1) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:71/271.

_1) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:71/271.

_2) -الكافي 2:1/28.

_2) -al-Kāfī 2:1/28.

_3) -الكافي 2:10/173.

_3) -al-Kāfī 2:10/173.

[1] (علمه)ليس في المصدر.

[1] (‘Ilmahu) laysa fī al-maṣdar.

99-/6163 _3- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ عَلِيٍّ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ،عَنْ جَمِيلٍ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ،قَالَ:قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «مَا مُنِعَ مِيثَمٌ التَّمَّارُ(رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ)مِنَ التَّقِيَّةِ؟فَوَ اللَّهِ،لَقَدْ عَلِمَ أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ نَزَلَتْ فِي عَمَّارٍ وَ أَصْحَابِهِ:

إِلاّٰ مَنْ أُكْرِهَ وَ قَلْبُهُ مُطْمَئِنٌّ بِالْإِيمٰانِ ».

99-/6163 English:

And from him: from ‘Alī, from his father, from Ibn Abī ‘Umayr, from Jamīl, from Muḥammad b. Marwān, who said: Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him) said to me: “What prevented Maytham the date-seller (may Allah have mercy on him) from taqiyya? By Allah, he knew that this verse was revealed about ‘Ammār and his companions: excepting him who is compelled while his heart is at rest on account of faith.”

99-/6164 _4- الْحِمْيَرِيُّ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ:بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: «إِنَّ التَّقِيَّةَ تُرْسُ الْمُؤْمِنِ،وَ لاَ إِيمَانَ لِمَنْ لاَ تَقِيَّةَ لَهُ».

فَقُلْتُ لَهُ:جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ،أَ رَأَيْتَ قَوْلَ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى: إِلاّٰ مَنْ أُكْرِهَ وَ قَلْبُهُ مُطْمَئِنٌّ بِالْإِيمٰانِ قَالَ:«وَ هَلِ التَّقِيَّةُ إِلاَّ هَذَا».

99-/6164 English:

Al-Ḥimyarī ‘Abdullāh b. Ja‘far, by his isnād from Bakr b. Muḥammad, from Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him), said: “Taqiyya is the shield of the believer, and there is no faith for one who has no taqiyya.” I said to him: May I be your ransom, what do you say about the words of Allah, Blessed and Exalted: excepting him who is compelled while his heart is at rest on account of faith? He said: “And what is taqiyya but this?”

99-/6165 _5- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ،قَالَ:قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «مَا مُنِعَ مِيثَمٌ(رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ)مِنَ التَّقِيَّةِ؟ فَوَ اللَّهِ لَقَدْ عَلِمَ أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ نَزَلَتْ فِي عَمَّارٍ وَ أَصْحَابِهِ إِلاّٰ مَنْ أُكْرِهَ وَ قَلْبُهُ مُطْمَئِنٌّ بِالْإِيمٰانِ ».

99-/6165 English:

Al-‘Ayyāshī, from Muḥammad b. Marwān, said: Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him) said: “What prevented Maytham (may Allah have mercy on him) from taqiyya? By Allah, he knew that this verse was revealed about ‘Ammār and his companions: excepting him who is compelled while his heart is at rest on account of faith.”

99-/6166 _6- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ مُعَمَّرِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَامٍ،قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):إِنَّ أَهْلَ الْكُوفَةِ يَرْوُونَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)أَنَّهُ قَالَ:سَتُدْعَوْنَ إِلَى سَبِّي وَ الْبَرَاءَةِ مِنِّي،فَإِنْ دُعِيتُمْ إِلَى سَبِّي فَسُبُّونِي،وَ إِنْ دُعِيتُمْ إِلَى الْبَرَاءَةِ مِنِّي فَلاَ تَتَبَرَّءُوا مِنِّي فَإِنِّي عَلَى دِينِ مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ).

فَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«مَا أَكْثَرَ مَا يَكْذِبُونَ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)إِنَّمَا قَالَ:إِنَّكُمْ سَتُدْعَوْنَ إِلَى سَبِّي وَ الْبَرَاءَةِ مِنِّي،فَإِذَا دُعِيتُمْ إِلَى سَبِّي فَسُبُّونِي،وَ إِذَا دُعِيتُمْ إِلَى الْبَرَاءَةِ مِنِّي فَإِنِّي عَلَى دِينِ مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،وَ لَمْ يَقُلْ:فَلاَ تَتَبَرَّءُوا مِنِّي».

99-/6166 English:

Al-‘Ayyāshī, from Mu‘ammar b. Yaḥyā b. Sām, said: I said to Abū Ja‘far (peace be upon him): The people of Kūfa relate from ‘Alī (peace be upon him) that he said: “You will be called to curse me and to disavow me. If you are called to curse me, then curse me; and if you are called to disavow me, then do not disavow me, for I am upon the religion of Muḥammad (Allah bless him and his family).” Abū Ja‘far (peace be upon him) said: “How much they lie against ‘Alī (peace be upon him)! He only said: ‘You will be called to curse me and to disavow me. If you are called to curse me, then curse me; and if you are called to disavow me—then I am upon the religion of Muḥammad (Allah bless him and his family),’ and he did not say: ‘so do not disavow me.’”

_3) -الكافي 2:15/174.

_3) -al-Kāfī 2:15/174.

_4) -قرب الإسناد:17.

_4) -Qurb al-Isnād: 17.

_5) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:72/271.

_5) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:72/271.

_6) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:73/271.

_6) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:73/271.

[1] في«ط»:عليه.

[1] fī “Ṭ”: ‘alayh.

[2] في«ط»و المصدر:سالم،انظر الكاشف للذهبي 3:165،تهذيب التهذيب 10:249،تقريب التهذيب 2:266،جامع الرواة 2:254.

[2] fī “Ṭ” wa al-maṣdar: Sālim; unẓur al-Kāshif li al-Dhahabī 3:165; Tahdhīb al-Tahdhīb 10:249; Taqrīb al-Tahdhīb 2:266; Jāmi‘ al-Ruwāt 2:254.

قَالَ:قُلْتُ:جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ،فَإِنْ أَرَادَ رَجُلٌ أَنْ يَمْضِيَ عَلَى الْقَتْلِ وَ لاَ يَتَبَرَّأَ؟ فَقَالَ:«لاَ وَ اللَّهِ،إِلاَّ عَلَى الَّذِي مَضَى عَلَيْهِ عَمَّارٌ،إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ: إِلاّٰ مَنْ أُكْرِهَ وَ قَلْبُهُ مُطْمَئِنٌّ بِالْإِيمٰانِ ».

قَالَ:ثُمَّ كَسَعَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ بِوَاحِدٍ:«وَ التَّقِيَّةُ فِي كُلِّ ضَرُورَةٍ».

Translation:

He said: I said, “May I be your ransom, if a man wishes to proceed to being killed and not disavow?” He said: “No, by Allah, except upon what ‘Ammār proceeded: indeed Allah says: excepting him who is compelled while his heart is at rest on account of faith.” He said: Then he appended to this hadith one (more statement): “And taqiyya applies in every necessity.”

99-/6167 _7- عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ،قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):وَ مَا الْحَرُورِيَّةُ،إِنَّا قَدْ كُنَّا وَ هُمْ مِنَّا بَعِيدٌ فَهُمُ الْيَوْمَ فِي دُورِنَا،أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ أَخَذُونَا بِالْأَيمَانِ؟قَالَ:فَرَخَّصَ لِي فِي الْحَلْفِ لَهُمْ بِالْعَتَاقِ وَ الطَّلاَقِ،فَقَالَ بَعْضُنَا:مَدُّ الرِّقَابِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْكَ أَمِ الْبَرَاءَةُ مِنْ عَلِيٍّ؟ فَقَالَ:«الرُّخْصَةُ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ،أَ مَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ اللَّهِ فِي عَمَّارٍ: إِلاّٰ مَنْ أُكْرِهَ وَ قَلْبُهُ مُطْمَئِنٌّ بِالْإِيمٰانِ ؟».

99-/6167 English:

From Abū Bakr, who said: I said to Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him): “And what of the Ḥarūriyya? We and they used to be far apart, yet today they are in our quarters. What if they compel us by oaths?” He permitted me to swear for them by [oaths involving] manumission and divorce. Some of us said: “Is offering our necks [to be killed] more beloved to you, or disavowal of ‘Alī?” He said: “The concession is more beloved to me. Have you not heard the words of Allah about ‘Ammār: excepting him who is compelled while his heart is at rest on account of faith?”

99-/6168 _8- عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مَرْوَانَ،قَالَ:سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يَقُولُ:«قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ): رُفِعَتْ عَنْ أُمَّتِي أَرْبَعُ خِصَالٍ:مَا أَخْطَئُوا،وَ مَا نَسُوا،وَ مَا أُكْرِهُوا عَلَيْهِ،وَ مَا لَمْ يُطِيقُوا،وَ ذَلِكَ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ: إِلاّٰ مَنْ أُكْرِهَ وَ قَلْبُهُ مُطْمَئِنٌّ بِالْإِيمٰانِ مُخْتَصَرٌ».

99-/6168 English:

From ‘Amr b. Marwān, who said: I heard Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him) say: “The Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and his family) said: Four traits have been lifted from my community: what they err in, and what they forget, and what they are coerced into, and what they cannot bear; and that is in the Book of Allah: excepting him who is compelled while his heart is at rest on account of faith.” Abridged.

99-/6169 _9- عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَجْلاَنَ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ:إِنَّ الضَّحَّاكَ قَدْ ظَهَرَ بِالْكُوفَةِ،وَ يُوشِكُ أَنْ نُدْعَى إِلَى الْبَرَاءَةِ مِنْ عَلِيٍّ،فَكَيْفَ نَصْنَعُ؟قَالَ:«فَابْرَأْ مِنْهُ».

قَالَ:قُلْتُ لَهُ:أَيُّ شَيْءٍ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْكَ؟قَالَ:«أَنْ يَمْضُوا فِي عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَلَى مَا مَضَى عَلَيْهِ عَمَّارُ بْنُ يَاسِرٍ(رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ)،أُخِذَ بِمَكَّةَ فَقَالُوا لَهُ:اِبْرَأْ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ،فَبَرِئَ مِنْهُ،فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عُذْرَهُ: إِلاّٰ مَنْ أُكْرِهَ وَ قَلْبُهُ مُطْمَئِنٌّ بِالْإِيمٰانِ ».

99-/6169 English:

From ‘Abdullāh b. ‘Ajlān, from Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him), who said: I asked him and said: “Al-Ḍaḥḥāk has appeared in Kūfa, and soon we may be called to disavow ‘Alī. How should we act?” He said: “Then disavow him.” I said to him: “What is more beloved to you?” He said: “That they proceed concerning ‘Alī (peace be upon him) as ‘Ammār b. Yāsir (may Allah have mercy on him) proceeded: he was seized in Mecca and they said to him, ‘Disavow the Messenger of Allah,’ so he disavowed him; then Allah sent down his excuse: excepting him who is compelled while his heart is at rest on account of faith.”

/6170 _10-علي بن إبراهيم،في قوله تعالى: مَنْ كَفَرَ بِاللّٰهِ مِنْ بَعْدِ إِيمٰانِهِ إِلاّٰ مَنْ أُكْرِهَ وَ قَلْبُهُ مُطْمَئِنٌّ بِالْإِيمٰانِ ،قال:هو عمّار بن ياسر،أخذته قريش بمكّة،فعذبوه بالنار حتّى أعطاهم بلسانه ما أرادوا،و قلبه مقر بالإيمان.

قال:و أمّا قوله: وَ لٰكِنْ مَنْ شَرَحَ بِالْكُفْرِ صَدْراً فهو عبد اللّه بن سعد بن أبي سرح بن الحارث من بني لؤي.

يقول اللّه: فَعَلَيْهِمْ غَضَبٌ مِنَ اللّٰهِ وَ لَهُمْ عَذٰابٌ عَظِيمٌ* ذٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمُ اسْتَحَبُّوا الْحَيٰاةَ الدُّنْيٰا عَلَى الْآخِرَةِ وَ أَنَّ اللّٰهَ لاٰ يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الْكٰافِرِينَ *ذلك بأن اللّه ختم على سمعهم و أبصارهم و قلوبهم و أولئك هم الغافلون*لا جرم أنهم في الآخرة هم الأخسرون هكذا في قراءة ابن مسعود،و قوله أُولٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ طَبَعَ اللّٰهُ عَلىٰ قُلُوبِهِمْ وَ سَمْعِهِمْ وَ أَبْصٰارِهِمْ الآية،هكذا في القراءة المشهورة.

هذا كله في عبد اللّه بن سعد بن أبي سرح،كان عاملا لعثمان بن عفان على مصر،و نزل فيه أيضا: وَ مَنْ قٰالَ سَأُنْزِلُ مِثْلَ مٰا أَنْزَلَ اللّٰهُ وَ لَوْ تَرىٰ إِذِ الظّٰالِمُونَ فِي غَمَرٰاتِ الْمَوْتِ .

Translation:

/6170 ‘Alī b. Ibrāhīm, regarding His saying, Whoever disbelieves in Allah after his belief—excepting him who is compelled while his heart is at rest on account of faith—said: It refers to ‘Ammār b. Yāsir. Quraysh seized him in Mecca and tortured him with fire until he gave them with his tongue what they wanted, while his heart acknowledged faith. And as for His saying, but he who opens (his) breast to disbelief, it is about ‘Abdullāh b. Sa‘d b. Abī Sarḥ b. al-Ḥārith of Banū Lu’ayy. Allah says: On them is the wrath of Allah, and they shall have a grievous chastisement (Qur’an 16:106–110); That is because they love this world’s life more than the hereafter, and because Allah does not guide the unbelieving people (Qur’an 16:107); These are they on whose hearts and their hearing and their eyes Allah has set a seal, and these are the heedless ones (Qur’an 16:108); No doubt that in the hereafter they will be the losers—thus in the reading of Ibn Mas‘ūd. And His saying, These are they on whose hearts and their hearing and their eyes Allah has set a seal—thus in the well-known reading (Qur’an 16:108). All of this concerns ‘Abdullāh b. Sa‘d b. Abī Sarḥ. He was an agent of ‘Uthmān b. ‘Affān over Egypt. And also revealed about him: And who is more unjust than he who forges a lie against Allah, or says: I am sent by revelation—while nothing has been revealed to him—and who says: I will send down the like of what Allah has revealed? And if you could see when the unjust are in the agonies of death… (Qur’an 6:93, M. H. Shakir).

_7) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:74/272.

_7) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:74/272.

_8) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:75/272.

_8) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:75/272.

_9) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:76/272.

_9) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:76/272.

_10) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:390.

_10) -Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:390.

[1] في المصدر:الرجل.

[1] fī al-maṣdar: al-rajul.

[2] كسعه بكذا:إذا جعله تابعا له.«أقرب الموارد-كسع-2:1084».

[2] kasa‘ahu bi-kadhā: idhā ja‘alahu tābi‘an lahu. “Aqrab al-Mawārid – kas‘a – 2:1084.”

[3] في المصدر:متتابعين،و في«ط»:متابعين،و الظاهر صحّة ما أثبتناه.

[3] fī al-maṣdar: mutatābi‘īn; wa fī “Ṭ”: mutābi‘īn; wa al-ẓāhir ṣiḥḥat mā athbatnāhu.

[4] في المصدر زيادة:قوله: رَبَّنٰا لاٰ تُؤٰاخِذْنٰا إِنْ نَسِينٰا أَوْ أَخْطَأْنٰا رَبَّنٰا وَ لاٰ تَحْمِلْ عَلَيْنٰا إِصْراً كَمٰا حَمَلْتَهُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِنٰا رَبَّنٰا وَ لاٰ تُحَمِّلْنٰا مٰا لاٰ طٰاقَةَ لَنٰا بِهِ البقرة:286،و قوله اللّه.

[4] fī al-maṣdar ziyādah: qawluhu: Rabbana la tu’ākhidhnā in nasīnā aw akhṭa’nā… (al-Baqarah 2:286), wa qawluhu Allāh.

[5] في المصدر:مطمئنّ.

[5] fī al-maṣdar: muṭma’inn.

[6] هو عبد اللّه بن سعد بن أبي سرح بن الحارث العامري،أخو عثمان من الرّضاعة،أسلم قبل الفتح،ثمّ ارتدّ مشركا فصار إلى قريش،فلمّا كان يوم- الفتح أمر رسول اللّه(صلّى اللّه عليه و آله)بقتله،ثمّ عفا عنه بعد ما استأمن له عثمان.ثمّ ولاه عثمان بعد ذلك مصر سنة 25 ه‌،و بعد مقتل عثمان صار إلى معاوية،و مات بعسقلان سنة 37 ه‌.«تهذيب ابن عساكر 7:435،أسد الغابة 3:173،الكامل لابن الأثير 3:88،البداية و النهاية 7:157».

[6] huwa ‘Abdullāh b. Sa‘d b. Abī Sarḥ b. al-Ḥārith al-‘Āmirī, akhū ‘Uthmān min al-riḍā‘ah… “Tahdhīb Ibn ‘Asākir 7:435; Asad al-Ghābah 3:173; al-Kāmil li Ibn al-Athīr 3:88; al-Bidāyah wa al-Nihāyah 7:157.”

99-/6171 _11- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ،قَالَ:سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يَقُولُ: «إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)كَانَ يَدْعُو أَصْحَابَهُ،فَمَنْ أَرَادَ بِهِ خَيْراً سَمِعَ وَ عَرَفَ مَا يَدْعُوهُ إِلَيْهِ،وَ مَنْ أَرَادَ بِهِ شَرّاً طَبَعَ عَلَى قَلْبِهِ فَلاَ يَسْمَعُ وَ لاَ يَعْقِلُ،وَ هُوَ قَوْلُهُ: أُولٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ طَبَعَ اللّٰهُ عَلىٰ قُلُوبِهِمْ وَ سَمْعِهِمْ وَ أَبْصٰارِهِمْ وَ أُولٰئِكَ هُمُ الْغٰافِلُونَ ».

99-/6171 English:

Al-‘Ayyāshī, from Isḥāq b. ‘Ammār, who said: I heard Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him) say: “The Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and his family) would call his companions; whomever Allah intended good for would hear and know what he was calling him to, and whomever He intended evil for, his heart would be sealed so he would neither hear nor understand. And that is His saying: These are they on whose hearts and their hearing and their eyes Allah has set a seal, and these are the heedless ones (Qur’an 16:108, M. H. Shakir).”

/6172 _12-علي بن إبراهيم:ثم قال أيضا في عمار: ثُمَّ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لِلَّذِينَ هٰاجَرُوا مِنْ بَعْدِ مٰا فُتِنُوا ثُمَّ جٰاهَدُوا وَ صَبَرُوا إِنَّ رَبَّكَ مِنْ بَعْدِهٰا لَغَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ .

Translation:

/6172 ‘Alī b. Ibrāhīm: Then he also said regarding ‘Ammār: Yet surely your Lord, to those who flee after they are persecuted, then they struggle hard and are patient, surely your Lord after that is Forgiving, Merciful (Qur’an 16:110, M. H. Shakir).

قوله تعالى:

وَ ضَرَبَ اللّٰهُ مَثَلاً قَرْيَةً كٰانَتْ آمِنَةً مُطْمَئِنَّةً يَأْتِيهٰا رِزْقُهٰا رَغَداً مِنْ كُلِّ مَكٰانٍ فَكَفَرَتْ بِأَنْعُمِ اللّٰهِ فَأَذٰاقَهَا اللّٰهُ لِبٰاسَ الْجُوعِ وَ الْخَوْفِ بِمٰا كٰانُوا يَصْنَعُونَ [112]

Translation (Qur’an 16:112, M. H. Shakir):

And Allah sets forth a parable: a town safe and secure, to which its means of subsistence came in abundance from every quarter; but it disbelieved in the favors of Allah, so Allah made it to taste the garb of hunger and fear because of what they wrought.

/6173 _1-علي بن إبراهيم،قال:نزلت في قوم كان لهم نهر يقال له(الثرثار)و كانت بلادهم خصبة كثيرة الخير،و كانوا يستنجون بالعجين،و يقولون:هو ألين لنا،فكفروا بأنعم اللّه و استخفوا،فحبس اللّه عنهم الثرثار، فجدبوا حتّى أحوجهم اللّه إلى أكل ما كانوا يستنجون به،حتى كانوا يتقاسمون عليه.

English:

/6173 ‘Alī b. Ibrāhīm said: It was revealed about a people who had a river called al-Tharthār, and their land was fertile and abundant in good. They would cleanse themselves with dough, saying, “It is softer for us.” They disbelieved in Allah’s favors and treated them lightly, so Allah withheld al-Tharthār from them, and they suffered drought until Allah reduced them to eating what they had used for cleansing themselves, to the extent that they would apportion it among themselves.

_11) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:77/273.

_11) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:77/273.

_12) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:391.

_12) -Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:391.

_1) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:391.

_1) -Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:391.

[1] الأنعام 6:93.

[1] al-An‘ām 6:93.