Al-Anbiya Ayah 26-28

الأنبياء آيه 28-26

قوله تعالى:

هٰاتُوا بُرْهٰانَكُمْ هٰذٰا ذِكْرُ مَنْ مَعِيَ وَ ذِكْرُ مَنْ قَبْلِي [24]

21:24 (M. H. Shakir): Or, have they taken gods besides Him? Say: Bring your proof; this is the reminder of those with me and the reminder of those before me. Nay! most of them do not know the truth, so they turn aside.

99-/7124 _1- علي بن إبراهيم: في قوله تعالى: هٰاتُوا بُرْهٰانَكُمْ، قال: أي حجتكم. هٰذٰا ذِكْرُ مَنْ مَعِيَ أي خبر، وَ ذِكْرُ مَنْ قَبْلِي أي خبرهم.

99-/7124: Ali ibn Ibrahim said regarding His saying, “Bring your proof”: meaning, your argument. “This is the reminder of those with me,” meaning their report, and “the reminder of those before me,” meaning their report.

99-/7125 _2- الطَّبْرِسِيُّ: قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «بِذِكْرِ مَنْ مَعِيَ: مَنْ مَعَهُ وَ مَا هُوَ كَائِنٌ، وَ بِذِكْرِ مَنْ قَبْلِي: مَا قَدْ كَانَ».

99-/7125: Al-Tabrisi: Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) said: “By ‘the reminder of those with me’: those who are with him and what will be. And by ‘the reminder of those before me’: what has already been.”

99-/7126 _3- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ هَمَّامٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْعَلَوِيِّ، عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ دَاوُدَ النَّجَّارِ، عَنْ مَوْلاَنَا أَبِي الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ) فِي قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: هٰذٰا ذِكْرُ مَنْ مَعِيَ وَ ذِكْرُ مَنْ قَبْلِي، قَالَ: «ذِكْرُ مَنْ مَعِي: عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، وَ ذِكْرُ مَنْ قَبْلِي: اَلْأَنْبِيَاءُ وَ الْأَوْصِيَاءُ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)».

99-/7126: Muhammad ibn al-‘Abbas said: Muhammad ibn Hammam narrated to us, from Muhammad ibn Isma‘il al-‘Alawi, from ‘Isa ibn Dawud al-Najjar, from our master Abu al-Hasan Musa ibn Ja‘far (peace be upon them) regarding His saying, “This is the reminder of those with me and the reminder of those before me.” He said: “The reminder of those with me is ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him), and the reminder of those before me is the prophets and the legatees (peace be upon them).”

المراجع:

_1) تفسير القمّيّ 2:69.

Tafsīr al-Qummī 2:69.

_2) مجمع البيان 7:71.

Majma‘ al-Bayān 7:71.

_3) تأويل الآيات 1:9/327.

Ta’wīl al-Āyāt 1:9/327.

[1] في المصدر: إبطالا.

fi al-masdar: ibṭālan.

[2] الزمر 39:4.

al-Zumar 39:4.

قوله تعالى:

وَ قٰالُوا اتَّخَذَ الرَّحْمٰنُ وَلَداً سُبْحٰانَهُ بَلْ عِبٰادٌ مُكْرَمُونَ* لاٰ يَسْبِقُونَهُ بِالْقَوْلِ وَ هُمْ بِأَمْرِهِ يَعْمَلُونَ* يَعْلَمُ مٰا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَ مٰا خَلْفَهُمْ وَ لاٰ يَشْفَعُونَ إِلاّٰ لِمَنِ ارْتَضىٰ وَ هُمْ مِنْ خَشْيَتِهِ مُشْفِقُونَ [26-28]

21:26-28 (M. H. Shakir): And they say: The Beneficent God has taken to Himself a son. Glory be to Him. Nay! they are honored servants; They do not precede Him in speech and (only) according to His commandment do they act. He knows what is before them and what is behind them, and they do not intercede except for him whom He approves, and they tremble for fear of Him.

99-/7127 _4- علي بن إبراهيم، قال: هو ما قالت النصارى: إن المسيح ابن اللّه؛ و ما قالت اليهود: عزير ابن اللّه؛ و قالوا في الأئمة(عليهم السلام) ما قالوا، فقال اللّه عزّ و جلّ أنفة له: بَلْ عِبٰادٌ مُكْرَمُونَ يعني هؤلاء الذين زعموا أنهم ولد اللّه، و جواب هؤلاء الذين زعموا ذلك في سورة الزمر، في قوله: لَوْ أَرٰادَ اللّٰهُ أَنْ يَتَّخِذَ وَلَداً لاَصْطَفىٰ مِمّٰا يَخْلُقُ مٰا يَشٰاءُ [2].

99-/7127: ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim said: This refers to what the Christians said, “The Messiah is the son of Allah,” and what the Jews said, “Uzair is the son of Allah”; and they said regarding the Imams (peace be upon them) what they said. So Allah, Mighty and Majestic, in refutation of this, said, “Rather, they are honored servants,” meaning those whom they claimed are the children of Allah. And the answer to those who claimed that is in Surat al-Zumar in His saying: “Had Allah desired to take to Himself a son, He would surely have chosen what He pleased out of what He has created.” [2]

39:4 (M. H. Shakir): Had Allah desired to take to Himself a son, He would surely have chosen what He pleased out of what He has created: Glory be to Him; He is Allah, the One, the Subduer (of all).

المراجع:

_4) تفسير القمّيّ 2:69.

Tafsīr al-Qummī 2:69.

[1] في المصدر: إبطالا.

fi al-masdar: ibṭālan.

[2] الزمر 39:4.

al-Zumar 39:4.

99-/7128 _2- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَهْزِيَارَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حَدِيدٍ، عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ يُونُسَ، عَنْ أَبِي السَّفَاتِجِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ الْجُعْفِيِّ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) يَقُولُ: وَ قٰالُوا اتَّخَذَ الرَّحْمٰنُ وَلَداً سُبْحٰانَهُ بَلْ عِبٰادٌ مُكْرَمُونَ، وَ أَوْمَأَ بِيَدِهِ إِلَى صَدْرِهِ، وَ قَالَ: لاٰ يَسْبِقُونَهُ بِالْقَوْلِ وَ هُمْ بِأَمْرِهِ يَعْمَلُونَ* يَعْلَمُ مٰا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَ مٰا خَلْفَهُمْ وَ لاٰ يَشْفَعُونَ إِلاّٰ لِمَنِ ارْتَضىٰ وَ هُمْ مِنْ خَشْيَتِهِ مُشْفِقُونَ».

99-/7128: Muhammad ibn al-‘Abbas said: Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn ‘Ali ibn Mahziyar narrated to us, who said: My father narrated to me, from his father, from ‘Ali ibn Hadid, from Mansur ibn Yunus, from Abu al-Safātij, from Jabir al-Ju‘fi, who said: I heard Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) recite: “And they say: The Beneficent God has taken to Himself a son. Glory be to Him. Nay! they are honored servants,” and he gestured with his hand toward his chest, and said: “They do not precede Him in speech, and according to His command they act; He knows what is before them and what is behind them, and they do not intercede except for him whom He approves, and they tremble for fear of Him.”

/7129 _3- ابن بابويه: بإسناده عن الحسن بن عليّ، عن أبيه عليّ بن محمّد، عن أبيه محمّد بن علي، عن أبيه الرضا عليّ بن موسى، عن أبيه موسى بن جعفر، عن أبيه الصادق جعفر بن محمّد(عليهم السلام)، قال: قال اللّه تعالى في الملائكة: بَلْ عِبٰادٌ مُكْرَمُونَ* لاٰ يَسْبِقُونَهُ بِالْقَوْلِ -إلى قوله-: مُشْفِقُونَ في حديث طويل تقدم بإسناده في قوله تعالى: وَ اتَّبَعُوا مٰا تَتْلُوا الشَّيٰاطِينُ عَلىٰ مُلْكِ سُلَيْمٰانَ، من سورة البقرة [1].

/7129: Ibn Babawayh, with his chain from al-Hasan ibn ‘Ali, from his father ‘Ali ibn Muhammad, from his father Muhammad ibn ‘Ali, from his father al-Rida ‘Ali ibn Musa, from his father Musa ibn Ja‘far, from his father al-Sadiq Ja‘far ibn Muhammad (peace be upon them), said: Allah, Exalted, said regarding the angels: “Rather, they are honored servants; they do not precede Him in speech … and they tremble for fear of Him,” in a long narration transmitted with its chain under His saying, “And they follow what the devils chanted of sorcery in the reign of Solomon,” in Surat al-Baqarah [1].

99-/7130 _4- وَ عَنْهُ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي(رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ) قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ هَاشِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَعْبَدٍ، عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُوسَى الرِّضَا، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ آبَائِهِ، عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ)، قَالَ: «قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ): مَنْ لَمْ يُؤْمِنْ بِحَوْضِي فَلاَ أَوْرَدَهُ اللَّهُ حَوْضِي، وَ مَنْ لَمْ يُؤْمِنْ بِشَفَاعَتِي فَلاَ أَنَالَهُ اللَّهُ شَفَاعَتِي -ثُمَّ قَالَ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)- إِنَّمَا شَفَاعَتِي لِأَهْلِ الْكَبَائِرِ مِنْ أُمَّتِي، فَأَمَّا الْمُحْسِنُونَ فَمَا عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ سَبِيلٍ». قَالَ: اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ: فَقُلْتُ لِلرِّضَا(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ، فَمَا مَعْنَى قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ لاٰ يَشْفَعُونَ إِلاّٰ لِمَنِ ارْتَضىٰ؟ قَالَ: «لاَ يَشْفَعُونَ إِلاَّ لِمَنِ ارْتَضَى اللَّهُ دِينَهُ».

99-/7130: And from him, he said: My father (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated to us, who said: Sa‘d ibn ‘Abdullah narrated to us, who said: ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim ibn Hashim narrated to us, from his father, from ‘Ali ibn Ma‘bad, from al-Husayn ibn Khalid, from ‘Ali ibn Musa al-Rida, from his father, from his forefathers, from the Commander of the Faithful (blessings of Allah be upon them), who said: “The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) said: Whoever does not believe in my Pool, may Allah not bring him to my Pool; and whoever does not believe in my intercession, may Allah not grant him my intercession.” Then he (may Allah bless him and his family) said: “Indeed, my intercession is for the people of major sins from my community; as for the doers of good, there is no way against them.” Al-Husayn ibn Khalid said: I said to al-Rida (peace be upon him): O son of the Messenger of Allah, then what is the meaning of the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: “and they do not intercede except for him whom He approves”? He said: “They do not intercede except for one whose religion Allah approves.”

99-/7131 _5- وَ عَنْهُ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ زِيَادِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ الْهَمَدَانِيُّ(رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ)، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ هَاشِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مُوسَى بْنَ جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ) يَقُولُ: «لاَ يُخَلِّدُ اللَّهُ فِي النَّارِ إِلاَّ أَهْلَ الْكُفْرِ وَ الْجُحُودِ وَ أَهْلَ الضَّلاَلِ وَ أَهْلَ الشِّرْكِ، وَ مَنِ اجْتَنَبَ الْكَبَائِرَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ لَمْ يُسْأَلْ عَنِ الصَّغَائِرِ، قَالَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى: إِنْ تَجْتَنِبُوا كَبٰائِرَ مٰا تُنْهَوْنَ عَنْهُ نُكَفِّرْ عَنْكُمْ سَيِّئٰاتِكُمْ وَ نُدْخِلْكُمْ مُدْخَلاً كَرِيماً [2]». قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ، فَالشَّفَاعَةُ لِمَنْ تَجِبُ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ [3]؟ فَقَالَ: «حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ آبَائِهِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ) قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) يَقُولُ: إِنَّمَا شَفَاعَتِي لِأَهْلِ الْكَبَائِرِ مِنْ أُمَّتِي، فَأَمَّا الْمُحْسِنُونَ مِنْهُمْ فَمَا عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ سَبِيلٍ». قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ: فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ، فَكَيْفَ تَكُونُ الشَّفَاعَةُ لِأَهْلِ الْكَبَائِرِ، وَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى ذِكْرُهُ يَقُولُ: وَ لاٰ يَشْفَعُونَ إِلاّٰ لِمَنِ ارْتَضىٰ وَ مَنْ يَرْتَكِبُ الْكَبَائِرَ لاَ يَكُونُ مُرْتَضًى بِهِ؟ فَقَالَ: «يَا أَبَا أَحْمَدَ، مَا مِنْ مُؤْمِنٍ يَرْتَكِبُ ذَنْباً إِلاَّ سَاءَهُ ذَلِكَ، وَ نَدِمَ عَلَيْهِ، وَ قَدْ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ): كَفَى بِالنَّدَمِ تَوْبَةً. وَ قَالَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): مَنْ سَرَّتْهُ حَسَنَتُهُ وَ سَاءَتْهُ سَيِّئَتُهُ فَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ. فَمَنْ لَمْ يَنْدَمْ عَلَى ذَنْبٍ يَرْتَكِبُهُ فَلَيْسَ بِمُؤْمِنٍ، وَ لَمْ تَجِبْ لَهُ الشَّفَاعَةُ، وَ كَانَ ظَالِماً، وَ اللَّهُ-تَعَالَى ذِكْرُهُ- يَقُولُ: مٰا لِلظّٰالِمِينَ مِنْ حَمِيمٍ وَ لاٰ شَفِيعٍ يُطٰاعُ [1]». فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ، وَ كَيْفَ لاَ يَكُونُ مُؤْمِناً مَنْ لَمْ يَنْدَمْ عَلَى ذَنْبٍ يَرْتَكِبُهُ؟ فَقَالَ: «يَا أَبَا أَحْمَدَ، مَا مِنْ أَحَدٍ يَرْتَكِبُ كَبِيرَةً مِنَ الْمَعَاصِي، وَ هُوَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ سَيُعَاقَبُ عَلَيْهَا إِلاَّ نَدِمَ عَلَى مَا ارْتَكَبَ، وَ مَتَى نَدِمَ كَانَ تَائِباً مُسْتَحِقّاً لِلشَّفَاعَةِ، وَ مَتَى لَمْ يَنْدَمْ عَلَيْهَا كَانَ مُصِرّاً، وَ الْمُصِرُّ لاَ يُغْفَرُ لَهُ لِأَنَّهُ غَيْرُ مُؤْمِنٍ بِعُقُوبَةِ مَا ارْتَكَبَ، وَ لَوْ كَانَ مُؤْمِناً بِالْعُقُوبَةِ لَنَدِمَ، وَ قَدْ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ): لاَ كَبِيرَةَ مَعَ الاِسْتِغْفَارِ، وَ لاَ صَغِيرَةَ مَعَ الْإِصْرَارِ. وَ أَمَّا قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ لاٰ يَشْفَعُونَ إِلاّٰ لِمَنِ ارْتَضىٰ، فَإِنَّهُمْ لاَ يَشْفَعُونَ إِلاَّ لِمَنِ ارْتَضَى اللَّهُ دِينَهُ، وَ الدِّينُ: اَلْإِقْرَارُ بِالْجَزَاءِ عَلَى الْحَسَنَاتِ وَ السَّيِّئَاتِ، فَمَنِ ارْتَضَى اللَّهُ دِينَهُ نَدِمَ عَلَى مَا ارْتَكَبَهُ مِنَ الذُّنُوبِ لِمَعْرِفَتِهِ بِمُعَاقَبَتِهِ [2] فِي الْقِيَامَةِ».

99-/7131: And from him, he said: Ahmad ibn Ziyad ibn Ja‘far al-Hamadani (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated to us, who said: ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim ibn Hashim narrated to us, from his father, from Muhammad ibn Abi ‘Umayr, who said: I heard Musa ibn Ja‘far (peace be upon them) say: “Allah does not consign to eternal punishment in the Fire except the people of unbelief, denial, misguidance, and shirk. As for the believers who avoid the major sins, they will not be questioned about the minor ones. Allah, Blessed and Exalted, said: ‘If you avoid the great sins which you are forbidden, We will expiate from you your (small) sins and cause you to enter an honorable place of entering.’ [2]” I said to him: O son of the Messenger of Allah, for which of the believers is intercession due [3]? He said: “My father narrated to me, from his forefathers, from ‘Ali (peace be upon them), who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) say: ‘My intercession is only for the people of major sins from my community; as for the doers of good among them, there is no way against them.’” Ibn Abi ‘Umayr said: I said to him: O son of the Messenger of Allah, how can there be intercession for the people of major sins when Allah, Glorified be His remembrance, says: “and they do not intercede except for him whom He approves,” while the one who commits major sins would not be approved? He said: “O Abu Ahmad, no believer commits a sin but that it displeases him and he regrets it. The Prophet (may Allah bless him and his family) said: ‘Regret is sufficient as repentance.’ And he (peace be upon him) said: ‘Whoever is pleased by his good deed and grieved by his bad deed is a believer.’ So whoever does not regret a sin he commits is not a believer, intercession is not due to him, and he is unjust. And Allah—glorified be His remembrance—says: ‘There shall be no kind friend nor any intercessor who should be obeyed for the unjust.’ [1]” I said to him: O son of the Messenger of Allah, and how is one who does not regret a sin he commits not a believer? He said: “O Abu Ahmad, no one commits a major sin while knowing that he will be punished for it except that he regrets what he has committed; and whenever he regrets, he is repentant and deserving of intercession. But whenever he does not regret it, he is persistent—and the persistent one is not forgiven because he does not believe in the punishment for what he has committed. If he believed in the punishment, he would regret it. And the Prophet (may Allah bless him and his family) said: ‘There is no major sin with seeking forgiveness, and no minor sin with persistence.’ As for Allah’s saying, ‘and they do not intercede except for him whom He approves,’ they only intercede for one whose religion Allah approves. And religion is acknowledging recompense for good and evil deeds. Thus, whoever’s religion Allah approves will regret what sins he has committed because he knows he will be punished for it [2] on the Day of Resurrection.”

4:31 (M. H. Shakir): If you avoid the great sins which you are forbidden, We will expiate from you your (small) sins and cause you to enter an honorable place of entering.

40:18 (M. H. Shakir): Warn them of the near day when the hearts shall rise up to the throats, choking them; the unjust shall not have any compassionate friend nor any intercessor who should be obeyed.

المراجع:

_2) تأويل الآيات 1:10/327.

Ta’wīl al-Āyāt 1:10/327.

_3) عيون أخبار الرّضا 1:1/266.

‘Uyūn Akhbār al-Riḍā 1:1/266.

_4) عيون أخبار الرّضا(عليه السّلام) 1:35/136.

‘Uyūn Akhbār al-Riḍā (ʿalayhi al-salām) 1:35/136.

_5) التوحيد: 6/407.

al-Tawḥīd: 6/407.

[1] تقدم في الحديث(1) من تفسير الآية(102) من سورة البقرة، عن التفسير المنسوب للإمام العسكريّ(عليه السّلام)

taqaddama fī al-ḥadīth (1) min tafsīr al-āyah (102) min Sūrat al-Baqarah, ‘an al-tafsīr al-mansūb li-l-Imām al-‘Askarī (ʿalayhi al-salām).

[2] النساء 4:31.

al-Nisā’ 4:31.

[3] في المصدر: المذنبين.

fi al-masdar: al-mudhnibīn.

قوله تعالى:

وَ مَنْ يَقُلْ مِنْهُمْ إِنِّي إِلٰهٌ مِنْ دُونِهِ فَذٰلِكَ نَجْزِيهِ جَهَنَّمَ كَذٰلِكَ نَجْزِي الظّٰالِمِينَ [29]

21:29 (M. H. Shakir): And whoever of them should say: Surely I am a god besides Him, such a one We recompense with hell; thus do We recompense the unjust.

99-/7132 _1- علي بن إبراهيم، قال: قال: من زعم أنّه إمام و ليس هو بإمام.

99-/7132: ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim said: He said, “Whoever claims to be an Imam while he is not an Imam.”

المراجع:

_1) تفسير القمّيّ 2:69.

Tafsīr al-Qummī 2:69.

[1] غافر 40:18.

Ghafir 40:18.

[2] في المصدر: بعاقبته.

fi al-masdar: bi-‘āqibatih.