S 2 A 254

الْآيَةَ،وَ قَالَ: وَ لَقَدْ فَضَّلْنٰا بَعْضَ النَّبِيِّينَ عَلىٰ بَعْضٍ [1]،وَ قَالَ: اُنْظُرْ كَيْفَ فَضَّلْنٰا بَعْضَهُمْ عَلىٰ بَعْضٍ وَ لَلْآخِرَةُ أَكْبَرُ دَرَجٰاتٍ [2]،وَ قَالَ: هُمْ دَرَجٰاتٌ عِنْدَ اللّٰهِ [3]،فَهَذَا ذِكْرُ دَرَجَاتِ الْإِيمَانِ وَ مَنَازِلِهِ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ».

This verse, and He said: “And certainly We have made some of the prophets to excel others [1],” and He said: “See how We have made some of them to excel others; and certainly the hereafter is much greater in degrees [2],” and He said: “They are (in varying) degrees with Allah [3].” Thus this is a mention of the ranks of faith and its stations with Allah.

99-/1380 _4- عَنِ الْأَصْبَغِ بْنِ نُبَاتَةَ،قَالَ: كُنْتُ وَاقِفاً مَعَ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يَوْمَ الْجَمَلِ، فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ حَتَّى وَقَفَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ،فَقَالَ:يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ،كَبَّرَ الْقَوْمُ وَ كَبَّرْنَا،وَ هَلَّلَ الْقَوْمُ وَ هَلَّلْنَا،وَ صَلَّى الْقَوْمُ وَ صَلَّيْنَا،فَعَلاَمَ نُقَاتِلُهُمْ؟ فَقَالَ:«عَلَى هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ: تِلْكَ الرُّسُلُ فَضَّلْنٰا بَعْضَهُمْ عَلىٰ بَعْضٍ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ كَلَّمَ اللّٰهُ وَ رَفَعَ بَعْضَهُمْ دَرَجٰاتٍ وَ آتَيْنٰا عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ الْبَيِّنٰاتِ وَ أَيَّدْنٰاهُ بِرُوحِ الْقُدُسِ وَ لَوْ شٰاءَ اللّٰهُ مَا اقْتَتَلَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ ،فَنَحْنُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ مٰا جٰاءَتْهُمُ الْبَيِّنٰاتُ وَ لٰكِنِ اخْتَلَفُوا فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ آمَنَ وَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ كَفَرَ وَ لَوْ شٰاءَ اللّٰهُ مَا اقْتَتَلُوا وَ لٰكِنَّ اللّٰهَ يَفْعَلُ مٰا يُرِيدُ فَنَحْنُ الَّذِينَ آمَنَّا،وَ هُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا».

فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ:كَفَرَ الْقَوْمُ،وَ رَبِّ الْكَعْبَةِ،ثُمَّ حَمَلَ فَقَاتَلَ حَتَّى قُتِلَ(رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ).

99-/1380 Asbagh b. Nubata said: I was standing with the Commander of the Faithful, Ali b. Abi Talib (peace be upon him), on the Day of the Camel, when a man came and stood before him and said: O Commander of the Faithful, the people said the takbir and we said the takbir, they proclaimed the tahlil and we proclaimed the tahlil, and they prayed and we prayed—so why are we fighting them? He said: “On account of this verse: ‘We have made some of these apostles to excel others; among them are they to whom Allah spoke, and some of them He exalted by (many) degrees; and We gave clear miracles to Isa son of Marium, and strengthened him with the holy spirit; and if Allah had pleased, those after them would not have fought one another after clear arguments had come to them, but they disagreed, so there were some of them who believed and others who disbelieved, and if Allah had pleased they would not have fought one another, but Allah brings about what He intends’ (Qur’an 2:253). So we are those who believed, and they are those who disbelieved.” The man said: By the Lord of the Ka‘ba, the people have disbelieved. Then he charged and fought until he was killed—may Allah have mercy on him.

99-/1381 _5- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يَوْمَ الْجَمَلِ،فَقَالَ:يَا عَلِيُّ،عَلاَمَ تُقَاتِلُ أَصْحَابَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)وَ مَنْ شَهِدَ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ،وَ أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً رَسُولُ اللَّهِ؟قَالَ:«عَلَى آيَةٍ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ،أَبَاحَتْ لِي قِتَالَهُمْ».فَقَالَ:وَ مَا هِيَ؟ قَالَ:«قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: تِلْكَ الرُّسُلُ فَضَّلْنٰا بَعْضَهُمْ عَلىٰ بَعْضٍ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ كَلَّمَ اللّٰهُ وَ رَفَعَ بَعْضَهُمْ دَرَجٰاتٍ وَ آتَيْنٰا عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ الْبَيِّنٰاتِ وَ أَيَّدْنٰاهُ بِرُوحِ الْقُدُسِ وَ لَوْ شٰاءَ اللّٰهُ مَا اقْتَتَلَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ مٰا جٰاءَتْهُمُ الْبَيِّنٰاتُ وَ لٰكِنِ اخْتَلَفُوا فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ آمَنَ وَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ كَفَرَ وَ لَوْ شٰاءَ اللّٰهُ مَا اقْتَتَلُوا وَ لٰكِنَّ اللّٰهَ يَفْعَلُ مٰا يُرِيدُ ».

فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ:كَفَرَ-وَ اللَّهِ-اَلْقَوْمُ.

99-/1381 Ali b. Ibrahim said: A man came to the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) on the Day of the Camel and said: O ‘Ali, why do you fight the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and his family) and those who bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah? He said: “On the basis of a verse in the Book of Allah that has permitted me to fight them.” He said: And what is it? He said: “His saying, exalted is He: ‘We have made some of these apostles to excel others; among them are they to whom Allah spoke, and some of them He exalted by (many) degrees; and We gave clear miracles to Isa son of Marium, and strengthened him with the holy spirit; and if Allah had pleased, those after them would not have fought one another after clear arguments had come to them, but they disagreed, so there were some of them who believed and others who disbelieved, and if Allah had pleased they would not have fought one another, but Allah brings about what He intends’ (Qur’an 2:253).” The man said: By Allah, the people have disbelieved.

قوله تعالى:

يٰا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَنْفِقُوا مِمّٰا رَزَقْنٰاكُمْ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ يَوْمٌ لاٰ بَيْعٌ فِيهِ وَ لاٰ خُلَّةٌ وَ لاٰ شَفٰاعَةٌ[254]

O you who believe! spend out of what We have given you before the day comes in which there is no bargaining, neither any friendship nor intercession, and the unbelievers—they are the unjust. (Qur’an 2:254)

99-/1382 _1- علي بن إبراهيم:أي صداقة.

99-/1382 Ali b. Ibrahim: That is, charity.

_4) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:448/136. (Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī) 1:448/136.

_5) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:84. (Tafsīr al-Qummī) 1:84.

_1) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:84. (Tafsīr al-Qummī) 1:84.

[1] الإسراء 17:55.

[2] الإسراء 17:21.

[3] آل عمران 3:163.

قوله تعالى:

اَللّٰهُ لاٰ إِلٰهَ إِلاّٰ هُوَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ لاٰ تَأْخُذُهُ سِنَةٌ وَ لاٰ نَوْمٌ -إلى قوله تعالى- وَ لاٰ يَؤُدُهُ حِفْظُهُمٰا وَ هُوَ الْعَلِيُّ الْعَظِيمُ[255]

Allah—there is no god but He, the Ever-living, the Self-subsisting by Whom all subsist; slumber does not overtake Him nor sleep; whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth is His; who is he that can intercede with Him but by His permission? He knows what is before them and what is behind them, and they cannot comprehend anything out of His knowledge except what He pleases; His knowledge extends over the heavens and the earth, and the preservation of them both tires Him not, and He is the Most High, the Great. (Qur’an 2:255)

99-/1383 _1- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي،عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ: أَنَّهُ قَرَأَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) [1]:

«اللَّهُ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ هُوَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ،لاَ تَأْخُذُهُ سِنَةٌ-أَيْ نُعَاسٌ-وَ لاَ نَوْمٌ،لَهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ مَا فِي الْأَرْضِ،وَ مَا بَيْنَهُمَا وَ مَا تَحْتَ الثَّرَى،عَالِمُ الْغَيْبِ وَ الشَّهَادَةِ،هُوَ الرَّحْمَنُ الرَّحِيمِ،مَنْ ذَا الَّذِي يَشْفَعُ عِنْدَهُ إِلاَّ بِإِذْنِهِ،يَعْلَمُ مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَ مَا خَلْفَهُمْ».

قَالَ:«مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ:فَأُمُورُ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ،وَ مَا كَانَ،وَ مَا خَلْفَهُمْ:أَيْ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ بَعْدُ،إِلاَّ بِمَا شَاءَ،أَيْ بِمَا يُوحَى إِلَيْهِمْ،وَ لاَ يَؤُدُهُ حِفْظُهُما،أَيْ لاَ يَثْقُلُ عَلَيْهِ حِفْظُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ».

99-/1383 Ali b. Ibrahim said: My father narrated to me, from al-Husayn b. Khalid, that Abu’l-Hasan al-Rida (peace be upon him) recited [1]: “Allah—there is no god but He, the Ever-living, the Self-subsisting; slumber—that is, drowsiness—does not overtake Him, nor sleep. To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth, and what is between them and what is beneath the soil. Knower of the unseen and the seen, He is the All-beneficent, the All-merciful. Who is he that can intercede with Him except by His permission? He knows what is before them and what is behind them.” He said: “‘What is before them’ means the affairs of the prophets and what has already occurred; and ‘what is behind them’—that is, what has not yet happened—except by what He wills, that is, by what is revealed to them. ‘And the preservation of them both does not burden Him’—that is, the preservation of what is in the heavens and the earth is not heavy upon Him.”

99-/1384 _2- أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْبَرْقِيُّ،بِإِسْنَادِهِ،قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: مَنْ ذَا الَّذِي يَشْفَعُ عِنْدَهُ إِلاّٰ بِإِذْنِهِ يَعْلَمُ مٰا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَ مٰا خَلْفَهُمْ [2]؟قَالَ:«نَحْنُ أُولَئِكَ الشَّافِعُونَ».

99-/1384 Ahmad b. Muhammad b. Khalid al-Barqi, with his chain, said: I said to Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) regarding His saying, exalted is He: “Who is he that can intercede with Him but by His permission? He knows what is before them and what is behind them” (Qur’an 2:255) [2]. He said: “We are those intercessors.”

99-/1385 _3- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ،عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ،عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنْ رِبْعِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ،عَنِ الْفُضَيْلِ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَسِعَ كُرْسِيُّهُ السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضَ فَقَالَ:«يَا فُضَيْلُ،كُلُّ شَيْءٍ فِي الْكُرْسِيِّ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَ الْأَرْضُ،وَ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ فِي الْكُرْسِيِّ».

99-/1385 Muhammad b. Ya‘qub: from Muhammad b. Isma‘il, from al-Fadl b. Shadhan, from Hammad b. ‘Isa, from Rib‘i b. ‘Abdillah, from al-Fudayl, who said: I asked Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) about the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: “His Kursi extends over the heavens and the earth.” He said: “O Fudayl, everything is within the Kursi—the heavens and the earth, and everything is within the Kursi.”

99-/1386 _4- عَنْهُ:عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنِ الْحَجَّالِ،عَنْ ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ، عَنْ زُرَارَةَ بْنِ أَعْيَنَ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ جَلَّ وَ عَزَّ: وَسِعَ كُرْسِيُّهُ السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضَ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَ الْأَرْضُ وَسِعْنَ الْكُرْسِيَّ،أَمِ الْكُرْسِيُّ وَسِعَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ؟فَقَالَ:«بَلِ الْكُرْسِيُّ وَسِعَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ الْأَرْضَ وَ الْعَرْشَ،وَ كُلَّ شَيْئٍ وَسِعَ الْكُرْسِيُّ».

99-/1386 And from him: from Muhammad b. Yahya, from Ahmad b. Muhammad b. ‘Isa, from al-Hajjāl, from Tha‘labah b. Maymun, from Zurārah b. A‘yan, who said: I asked Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) about the saying of Allah, Glorious and Mighty: “His Kursi extends over the heavens and the earth.” Do the heavens and the earth encompass the Kursi, or does the Kursi encompass the heavens and the earth? He said: “Rather, the Kursi encompasses the heavens, the earth, the Throne, and everything—the Kursi encompasses it.”

99-/1387 _5- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ،عَنْ فَضَالَةَ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ،

99-/1387 And from him: from Muhammad b. Yahya, from Ahmad b. Muhammad, from al-Husayn b. Sa‘id, from Fadālah b. Ayyub, …

_1) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:84. (Tafsīr al-Qummī) 1:84.

_2) -المحاسن:184/183. (al-Maḥāsin) 184/183.

_3) -الكافي 1:3/102. (al-Kāfī) 1:3/102.

_4) -الكافي 1:4/102. (al-Kāfī) 1:4/102.

_5) -الكافي 1:5/102. (al-Kāfī) 1:5/102.

[1] في المصدر زيادة:الم.

[2] في المصدر زيادة:أي من هم؟