S 2 A 271

فَقَالَ: «إِنَّ الْحِكْمَةَ: اَلْمَعْرِفَةُ وَالتَّفَقُّهُ فِي الدِّينِ، فَمَنْ فَقُهَ مِنْكُمْ فَهُوَ حَكِيمٌ، وَمَا مِنْ أَحَدٍ يَمُوتُ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَحَبَّ إِلَى إِبْلِيسَ مِنْ مَوْتِ فَقِيهٍ».

He said: “Wisdom is knowledge and deep understanding in religion; so whoever among you gains understanding is wise. And there is none among the believers whose death is more beloved to Iblis than the death of a jurist (a learned scholar).”

/1496 _8- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، قَالَ: اَلْخَيْرُ الْكَثِيرُ: مَعْرِفَةُ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ)، وَالْأَئِمَّةِ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلَامُ).

99-/1496 _8- Ali ibn Ibrahim said: “The abundant good is the knowledge of the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) and the Imams (peace be upon them).”

99-/1497 _9- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ: عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ، رَفَعَهُ، قَالَ: «قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ): مَا قَسَمَ اللَّهُ لِلْعِبَادِ شَيْئاً أَفْضَلَ مِنَ الْعَقْلِ، فَنَوْمُ الْعَاقِلِ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ سَهَرِ الْجَاهِلِ، وَإِقَامَةُ الْعَاقِلِ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ شُخُوصِ الْجَاهِلِ، وَلَا بَعَثَ اللَّهُ نَبِيّاً وَلَا رَسُولاً حَتَّى يَسْتَكْمِلَ الْعَقْلَ، وَيَكُونَ عَقْلُهُ أَفْضَلَ مِنْ جَمِيعِ عُقُولِ أُمَّتِهِ، وَمَا يُضْمِرُ النَّبِيُّ فِي نَفْسِهِ أَفْضَلُ مِنِ اجْتِهَادِ الْمُجْتَهِدِينَ، وَمَا أَدَّى الْعَبْدُ فَرَائِضَ اللَّهِ حَتَّى عَقَلَ عَنْهُ، وَلَا بَلَغَ جَمِيعُ الْعَابِدِينَ فِي فَضْلِ عِبَادَاتِهِمْ مَا بَلَغَ الْعَاقِلُ، وَالْعُقَلَاءُ هُمْ أُولُوا الْأَلْبَابِ، قَالَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى: وَمَا يَذَّكَّرُ إِلَّا أُولُوا الْأَلْبَابِ».

99-/1497 _9- Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub, from several of our companions, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid, from some of his companions, raised it, said: “The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: Allah has not allotted to His servants anything better than intellect. The sleep of the intelligent is better than the wakefulness of the ignorant; the staying put of the intelligent is better than the movement of the ignorant. Allah did not send any prophet or messenger until He perfected his intellect, and his intellect is superior to the intellects of all of his community. What a prophet conceals within himself is better than the striving of those who strive. A servant does not fulfill Allah’s obligations until he understands them from Him. None of the worshippers, with the merit of their acts of worship, attains what the intelligent one attains. And the intelligent are those endowed with understanding. Allah, blessed and exalted, said: ‘And none but men of understanding mind’ (Qur’an 2:269, M. H. Shakir: “He grants wisdom to whom He pleases, and whoever is granted wisdom, he indeed is given a great good; and none but men of understanding mind”).”

99-/1498 _10- وَعَنِ الصَّادِقِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ) قَالَ: «الْحِكْمَةُ ضِيَاءُ الْمَعْرِفَةِ، وَمِيزَانُ التَّقْوَى، وَثَمَرَةُ الصِّدْقِ، وَمَا أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَى عِبَادِهِ بِنِعْمَةٍ أَعْظَمَ وَأَنْعَمَ وَأَرْفَعَ وَأَجْزَلَ وَأَبْهَى مِنَ الْحِكْمَةِ لِلْقَلْبِ؛ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: يُؤْتِي الْحِكْمَةَ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَمَنْ يُؤْتَ الْحِكْمَةَ فَقَدْ أُوتِيَ خَيْرًا كَثِيرًا وَمَا يَذَّكَّرُ إِلَّا أُولُوا الْأَلْبَابِ».

99-/1498 _10- From al-Sadiq (peace be upon him), he said: “Wisdom is the radiance of knowledge, the measure of piety, and the fruit of truthfulness. Allah has not bestowed upon His servants a blessing greater, more bountiful, higher, more abundant, and more splendid than wisdom for the heart. Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: ‘He grants wisdom to whom He pleases, and whoever is granted wisdom, he indeed is given a great good; and none but men of understanding mind’ (Qur’an 2:269, M. H. Shakir).”

قوله تعالى:

إِنْ تُبْدُوا الصَّدَقَاتِ فَنِعِمَّا هِيَ وَإِنْ تُخْفُوهَا وَتُؤْتُوهَا الْفُقَرَاءَ فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ[271]

Qur’an 2:271 (M. H. Shakir): “If you manifest alms, how excellent it is! and if you hide it and give it to the poor, it is better for you; and it will atone for some of your evil deeds; and Allah is aware of what you do.”

99-/1499 _1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ: عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ)، فِي قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: إِنْ تُبْدُوا الصَّدَقَاتِ فَنِعِمَّا هِيَ. قَالَ: «يَعْنِي الزَّكَاةَ الْمَفْرُوضَةَ». قَالَ: قُلْتُ: وَإِنْ تُخْفُوهَا وَتُؤْتُوهَا الْفُقَرَاءَ. قَالَ: «يَعْنِي النَّافِلَةَ، إِنَّهُمْ يَسْتَحِبُّونَ إِظْهَارَ الْفَرَائِضِ، وَكِتْمَانَ النَّوَافِلِ».

99-/1499 _1- Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub, from ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Faddal, from Ibn Bukayr, from a man, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), regarding His saying, Mighty and Majestic: “If you disclose the charities, how excellent it is!” He said: “It means the obligatory zakat.” He said: I asked: “And ‘if you conceal them and give them to the poor’?” He said: “It means the supererogatory charity; for they prefer to show the obligations and to conceal the supererogatories.”

99-/1500 _2- وَعَنْهُ: عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ فَضَالَةَ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمَغْرَا، عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ)، فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: إِنْ تُبْدُوا الصَّدَقَاتِ فَنِعِمَّا هِيَ وَإِنْ تُخْفُوهَا وَتُؤْتُوهَا الْفُقَرَاءَ فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ. قَالَ: «لَيْسَ مِنَ الزَّكَاةِ، وَصِلَتُكَ قَرَابَتَكَ لَيْسَ مِنَ الزَّكَاةِ».

99-/1500 _2- And from him: from ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim, from his father, from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id, from Fadalah ibn Ayyub, from Abi al-Maghra, from Abu Basir, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), regarding the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: “If you disclose the charities, how excellent it is! And if you conceal them and give them to the poor, it is better for you.” He said: “It is not from zakat; and your giving to your relatives is not from zakat.”

99-/1501 _1- وَعَنْهُ: عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: وَإِنْ تُخْفُوهَا وَتُؤْتُوهَا الْفُقَرَاءَ فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ. فَقَالَ: «هِيَ سِوَى الزَّكَاةِ، إِنَّ الزَّكَاةَ عَلاَنِيَةٌ غَيْرُ سِرٍّ».

99-/1501 _1- And from him: from ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr, from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), regarding the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: “And if you conceal them and give them to the poor, it is better for you.” He said: “It is other than zakat; indeed zakat is public, not secret.”

99-/1502 _2- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ: عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ)، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: وَإِنْ تُخْفُوهَا وَتُؤْتُوهَا الْفُقَرَاءَ فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ. قَالَ: «لَيْسَ تِلْكَ الزَّكَاةُ، وَلَكِنَّ الرَّجُلَ يَتَصَدَّقُ لِنَفْسِهِ، وَالزَّكَاةُ عَلاَنِيَةٌ لَيْسَ بِسِرٍّ».

99-/1502 _2- Al-‘Ayyashi: from al-Halabi, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), who said: “I asked him about the saying of Allah: ‘And if you conceal them and give them to the poor, it is better for you.’ He said: ‘That is not zakat; rather, it is a man giving charity privately for himself, and zakat is public, not secret.’”

قوله تعالى:

لِلْفُقَرَاءِ الَّذِينَ أُحْصِرُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ ضَرْبًا فِي الْأَرْضِ يَحْسَبُهُمُ الْجَاهِلُ أَغْنِيَاءَ مِنَ التَّعَفُّفِ تَعْرِفُهُمْ بِسِيمَاهُمْ لَا يَسْأَلُونَ النَّاسَ إِلْحَافًا[273]

Qur’an 2:273 (M. H. Shakir): “(Charity) is for the poor who are confined in the way of Allah; they cannot travel in the land; the ignorant man thinks them to be rich because of their abstaining (from begging); you can recognize them by their mark; they do not beg from men importunately; and whatever good thing you spend, surely Allah knows it.”

/1503 _3- قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ: هُمْ الَّذِينَ لَا يَسْأَلُونَ النَّاسَ إِلْحَافًا مِنَ الرَّاضِينَ، وَالْمُتَجَمِّلِينَ فِي الدِّينِ الَّذِينَ لَا يَسْأَلُونَ النَّاسَ إِلْحَافًا، وَلَا يَقْدِرُونَ أَنْ يَضْرِبُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ فَيَكْسِبُوا، فَيَحْسَبُهُمُ الْجَاهِلُ أَغْنِيَاءَ مِنَ التَّعَفُّفِ عَنِ السُّؤَالِ».

99-/1503 _3- ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim said: “They are those who do not beg from people importunately—those content and dignified in religion who do not beg importunately—and they are unable to travel the land to earn; so the ignorant think them rich because of their refraining from asking.”

99-/1504 _4- أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الطَّبْرِسِيُّ، قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ): «نَزَلَتِ الْآيَةُ فِي أَصْحَابِ الصُّفَّةِ». قَالَ: وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ الْكَلْبِيُّ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَهُمْ نَحْوٌ مِنْ أَرْبَعِمِائَةِ رَجُلٍ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ مَسَاكِنُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ وَلَا عَشَائِرُ يَأْوُونَ إِلَيْهِمْ فَجَعَلُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، وَقَالُوا: نَخْرُجُ فِي كُلِّ سَرِيَّةٍ يَبْعَثُهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ). فَحَثَّ اللَّهُ النَّاسَ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَكَانَ الرَّجُلُ إِذَا أَكَلَ وَعِنْدَهُ فَضْلٌ أَتَاهُمْ بِهِ إِذَا أَمْسَى.

99-/1504 _4- Abu ‘Ali al-Tabrisi said: Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) said: “The verse was revealed concerning the People of the Bench (Aṣḥab al-Suffah).” He said: And likewise al-Kalbi narrated from Ibn ‘Abbas: they were about four hundred men who had no dwellings in Medina and no clans to shelter them, so they stayed in the mosque, and they said: “We will go out in every detachment that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) sends.” So Allah urged people to support them; a man, when he ate and had surplus, would bring it to them in the evening.

99-/1505 _5- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ: عَنْ جَابِرٍ الْجُعْفِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ)، قَالَ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُبْغِضُ الْمُلْحِفَ».

99-/1505 _5- Al-‘Ayyashi: from Jabir al-Ju‘fi, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), he said: “Indeed, Allah dislikes the one who importunes (insistently begs).”

المراجع:

_8) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:92.

_8) -Tafsir al-Qummī 1:92.

_9) -الكافي 1:11/10.

_9) -al-Kāfī 1:11/10.

_10) -مصباح الشريعة:198.

_10) -Miṣbāḥ al-Sharī‘ah: 198.

_1) -الكافي 4:1/60.

_1) -al-Kāfī 4:1/60.

_2) -الكافي 3:9/499.

_2) -al-Kāfī 3:9/499.

[1] في «ط»: و ميراث.

[1] fī “Ṭ”: wa mirāth.

المراجع:

_1) -الكافي 3:17/502.

_1) -al-Kāfī 3:17/502.

_2) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:499/151.

_2) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:499/151.

_3) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:93.

_3) -Tafsir al-Qummī 1:93.

_4) -مجمع البيان 2:666.

_4) -Majma‘ al-Bayān 2:666.

_5) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:500/151.

_5) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:500/151.

[1] السريّة: القطعة من الجيش. «مجمع البحرين-سرا-1:216».

[1] al-sariyyah: al-qiṭ‘ah min al-jaysh. “Majma‘ al-Baḥrayn – sarā – 1:216”.

[2] الملحف: أي الملح بالسؤال. «مجمع البحرين-لحف-5:119».

[2] al-mulḥif: ayy al-muliḥ bi-l-su’āl. “Majma‘ al-Baḥrayn – laḥafa – 5:119”.