S 108 Ayat 1 to 3

قوله تعالى:

بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ إِنّٰا أَعْطَيْنٰاكَ الْكَوْثَرَ* فَصَلِّ لِرَبِّكَ وَ انْحَرْ* إِنَّ شٰانِئَكَ هُوَ الْأَبْتَرُ [1-3]

His saying, the Exalted: In the name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful. “Surely We have given you Kawthar. Therefore pray to your Lord and make a sacrifice. Surely your enemy is the one who shall be without posterity.” [Qur’an 108:1–3]

99-/11936 _1- الشَّيْخُ فِي(أَمَالِيهِ)قَالَ:أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ-يَعْنِي الْمُفِيدُ-قَالَ:أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الصَّلْتِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو كُدَيْنَةَ،عَنْ عَطَاءٍ،عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ،عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ،قَالَ: لَمَّا أُنْزِلَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ): إِنّٰا أَعْطَيْنٰاكَ الْكَوْثَرَ ،قَالَ لَهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):

«مَا هُوَ الْكَوْثَرُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟».قَالَ:«نَهَرٌ أَكْرَمَنِيَ اللَّهُ بِهِ».

99-/11936 _1- Shaykh (al-Ṭūsī), in his Amālī, said: Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad—meaning al-Mufīd—narrated to us, who said: Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl narrated to us, who said: Muḥammad ibn al-Ṣalt narrated to us, who said: Abū Kudaynah narrated to us, from ʿAṭāʾ, from Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, from ʿAbdullāh ibn al-ʿAbbās, who said:

When the verse was revealed to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family): “Surely We have given you Kawthar” [Qur’an 108:1], ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib (peace be upon him) said to him: “What is al-Kawthar, O Messenger of Allah?” He replied: “It is a river with which Allah has honored me.”

M. H. Shakir Translation of Qur’an 108:1: “Surely We have given you Kawthar.”

قَالَ عَلِيٌّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«إِنَّ هَذَا النَّهَرَ شَرِيفٌ،فَانْعَتْهُ لَنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ»؟قَالَ:«نَعَمْ يَا عَلِيُّ،الْكَوْثَرُ نَهَرٌ يَجْرِي تَحْتَ عَرْشِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى،مَاؤُهُ أَشَدُّ بَيَاضاً مِنَ اللَّبَنِ وَ أَحْلَى مِنَ الْعَسَلِ وَ أَلْيَنُ مِنَ الزُّبْدِ،حَصَاهُ الزَّبَرْجَدُ وَ الْيَاقُوتُ وَ الْمَرْجَانُ، حَشِيشُهُ الزَّعْفَرَانُ،تُرَابُهُ الْمِسْكُ الْأَذْفَرُ،قَوَاعِدُهُ تَحْتَ عَرْشِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ».ثُمَّ ضَرَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)يَدَهُ عَلَى جَنْبِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)وَ قَالَ:«يَا عَلِيُّ،إِنَّ هَذَا النَّهَرَ لِي،وَ لَكَ،وَ لِمُحِبِّيكَ مِنْ بَعْدِي».

ʿAlī (peace be upon him) said: “Indeed, this river is noble—so describe it for us, O Messenger of Allah.”

He said: “Yes, O ʿAlī. Al-Kawthar is a river that flows beneath the Throne of Allah, the Exalted. Its water is whiter than milk, sweeter than honey, and softer than butter. Its pebbles are of emerald, ruby, and coral. Its vegetation is saffron, and its soil is pure, fragrant musk. Its foundations are beneath the Throne of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic.”

Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) struck his hand upon the side of the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) and said: “O ʿAlī, this river is for me, and for you, and for those who love you after me.”

وَ رَوَاهُ الْمُفِيدُ فِي(أَمَالِيهِ)قَالَ:أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ بِلاَلٍ الْمُهَلَّبِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْبَغْدَادِيُّ،قَالَ:أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الصَّلْتِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو كُدَيْنَةَ،عَنْ عَطَاءٍ،عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ،عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ،قَالَ:لَمَّا نَزَلَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) إِنّٰا أَعْطَيْنٰاكَ الْكَوْثَرَ قَالَ لَهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«مَا هُوَ الْكَوْثَرُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ».وَ ذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِعَيْنِهِ [1].

And al-Mufīd narrated it in his Amālī. He said: Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Bilāl al-Muhallabī informed me, who said: Abū al-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥusayn al-Baghdādī narrated to us, who said: Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl informed us, who said: Muḥammad ibn al-Ṣalt narrated to me, who said: Abū Kudaynah narrated to me, from ʿAṭāʾ, from Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, from ʿAbdullāh ibn al-ʿAbbās, who said:

When the verse was revealed to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family): “Surely We have given you Kawthar” [Qur’an 108:1], ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib (peace be upon him) said to him: “What is al-Kawthar, O Messenger of Allah?” And he mentioned the hadith in full.

M. H. Shakir Translation of Qur’an 108:1: “Surely We have given you Kawthar.”

_1) -الأمالي 1:67.

[1] الأمالي:5/294.

Page 772 in Arabic

99-/11937 _2- وَ عَنْهُ،قَالَ:أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ،قَالَ:أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الْحَسَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ،قَالَ:

حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي،عَنْ سَعِيدِ [1]بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُوسَى،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْعَرْزَمِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا الْمُعَلَّى بْنُ هِلاَلٍ،عَنِ الْكَلْبِيِّ،عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ،عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ،قَالَ:سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)يَقُولُ: «أَعْطَانِي اللَّهُ تَعَالَى خَمْساً وَ أَعْطَى عَلِيّاً خَمْساً،أَعْطَانِي جَوَامِعَ الْكَلِمِ،وَ أَعْطَى عَلِيّاً جَوَامِعَ الْعِلْمِ،وَ جَعَلَنِي نَبِيّاً،وَ جَعَلَهُ وَصِيّاً،وَ أَعْطَانِي الْكَوْثَرَ،وَ أَعْطَاهُ السَّلْسَبِيلَ،وَ أَعْطَانِي الْوَحْيَ،وَ أَعْطَاهُ الْإِلْهَامَ،وَ أَسْرَى بِي إِلَيْهِ،وَ فَتَحَ لَهُ أَبْوَابَ السَّمَاءِ وَ الْحُجُبِ حَتَّى نَظَرَ إِلَيَّ وَ نَظَرْتُ إِلَيْهِ».

99-/11937 _2- And from him, he said: Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad informed us, who said: Abū al-Ḥasan Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan informed me, who said: My father narrated to me, from Saʿīd ibn ʿAbdillāh ibn Mūsā, who said: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-ʿArzamī narrated to us, who said: al-Muʿallā ibn Hilāl narrated to us, from al-Kalbī, from Abū Ṣāliḥ, from ʿAbdullāh ibn al-ʿAbbās, who said:

I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) say:

“Allah, the Exalted, granted me five things, and He granted ʿAlī five things: He granted me the jawāmiʿ al-kalim (comprehensive speech), and He granted ʿAlī the jawāmiʿ al-ʿilm (comprehensive knowledge); He made me a Prophet, and made him a successor (waṣī); He granted me al-Kawthar, and granted him al-Salsabīl; He gave me revelation, and gave him inspiration (ilhām); He caused me to ascend (through the heavens), and He opened for him the gates of the heavens and the veils until he looked at me and I looked at him.”

M. H. Shakir Translation of Qur’an 108:1: “Surely We have given you Kawthar.”

قَالَ:ثُمَّ بَكَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،فَقُلْتُ لَهُ:مَا يُبْكِيكَ فِدَاكَ أَبِي وَ أُمِّي؟قَالَ:«يَا بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ،إِنَّ أَوَّلَ مَا كَلَّمَنِي بِهِ أَنْ قَالَ:يَا مُحَمَّدُ،انْظُرْ تَحْتَكَ،فَنَظَرْتُ إِلَى الْحُجُبِ قَدِ انْخَرَقَتْ،وَ إِلَى أَبْوَابِ السَّمَاءِ قَدْ فُتِحَتْ، وَ نَظَرْتُ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ وَ هُوَ رَافِعٌ رَأْسَهُ إِلَيَّ،فَكَلَّمَنِي وَ كَلَّمْتُهُ،وَ كَلَّمَنِي رَبِّي عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ».

He said: Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) wept. So I said to him, “May my father and mother be ransomed for you—what causes you to weep?”

He said: “O Ibn ʿAbbās, the first thing my Lord spoke to me when He addressed me was: ‘O Muḥammad, look beneath you.’ So I looked, and I saw the veils had been torn apart, and the gates of the heavens had been opened, and I saw ʿAlī—his head raised up toward me. He spoke to me, and I spoke to him, and then my Lord, the Mighty and Majestic, spoke to me.”

فَقُلْتُ:يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ بِمَ كَلَّمَكَ رَبُّكَ؟قَالَ:«قَالَ لِي:يَا مُحَمَّدُ،إِنِّي جَعَلْتُ عَلِيّاً وَصِيَّكَ وَ وَزِيرَكَ وَ خَلِيفَتَكَ مِنْ بَعْدِكَ،فَأَعْلِمْهُ،فَهَا هُوَ يَسْمَعُ كَلاَمَكَ.فَأَعْلَمْتُهُ وَ أَنَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَبِّي عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ،فَقَالَ لِي:قَدْ قَبِلْتُ وَ أَطَعْتُ.فَأَمَرَ اللَّهُ الْمَلاَئِكَةَ أَنْ تُسَلِّمَ عَلَيْهِ،فَفَعَلَتْ،فَرَدَّ عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمَ،وَ رَأَيْتُ الْمَلاَئِكَةَ يَتَبَاشَرُونَ بِهِ،وَ مَا مَرَرْتُ بِمَلاَئِكَةٍ مِنْ مَلاَئِكَةِ السَّمَاءِ إِلاَّ هَنَّئُونِي وَ قَالُوا:يَا مُحَمَّدُ،وَ الَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ نَبِيّاً،لَقَدْ دَخَلَ السُّرُورُ عَلَى جَمِيعِ الْمَلاَئِكَةِ بِاسْتِخْلاَفِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَكَ ابْنَ عَمِّكَ،

So I said, “O Messenger of Allah, what did your Lord speak to you?”

He said: “He said to me: ‘O Muḥammad, I have appointed ʿAlī as your successor (waṣī), your minister, and your caliph after you. So inform him—for he is hearing your speech.’

So I informed him while I was in the presence of my Lord, the Mighty and Majestic. And he (ʿAlī) said to me: ‘I have accepted and obeyed.’

Then Allah commanded the angels to send peace upon him, so they did so, and he returned their greetings.

And I saw the angels congratulating one another because of him.

And I did not pass by a group of angels from among the angels of the heavens except that they congratulated me and said: ‘O Muḥammad, by the One who sent you with the truth as a Prophet, indeed joy has entered into all the angels due to Allah’s appointment of your cousin as your successor.’

وَ رَأَيْتُ حَمَلَةَ الْعَرْشِ قَدْ نَكَّسُوا رُؤُوسَهُمْ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ،فَقُلْتُ:يَا جَبْرَئِيلُ لِمَ نَكَّسَ حَمَلَةُ الْعَرْشِ رُؤُوسَهُمْ؟فَقَالَ:يَا مُحَمَّدُ،مَا مِنْ مَلَكٍ مِنَ الْمَلاَئِكَةِ إِلاَّ وَ قَدْ نَظَرَ إِلَى وَجْهِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ اسْتِبْشَاراً بِهِ، مَا خَلاَ حَمَلَةَ الْعَرْشِ فَإِنَّهُمْ اسْتَأْذَنُوا اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ [2]السَّاعَةَ،فَأَذِنَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَنْظُرُوا إِلَى عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ،فَنَظَرُوا إِلَيْهِ،فَلَمَّا هَبَطْتُ جَعَلْتُ أُخْبِرُهُ بِذَلِكَ وَ هُوَ يُخْبِرُنِي بِهِ،فَعَلِمْتُ أَنِّي لَمْ أَطَأْ مَوْطِئاً إِلاَّ وَ قَدْ كُشِفَ لِعَلِيٍّ عَنْهُ حَتَّى نَظَرَ إِلَيْهِ».

And I saw the bearers of the Throne had lowered their heads toward the earth. So I said, “O Jibrāʾīl, why have the bearers of the Throne lowered their heads?”

He said: “O Muḥammad, there is no angel among the angels except that they have looked upon the face of ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib in joy and delight—except the bearers of the Throne. For they sought permission from Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, this very hour, and He granted them permission to look upon ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib. So they looked at him.”

Then when I descended, I began informing him of this, and he was informing me of it (already), so I knew that I did not tread upon a single step except that it had been unveiled to ʿAlī and he had seen it.

قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ:فَقُلْتُ:يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ،أَوْصِنِي.فَقَالَ:«عَلَيْكَ بِمَوَدَّةِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ،وَ الَّذِي بَعَثَنِي بِالْحَقِّ نَبِيّاً لاَ يَقْبَلُ اللَّهُ مِنْ عَبْدٍ حَسَنَةً حَتَّى يَسْأَلَهُ عَنْ حُبِّ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ،وَ هُوَ تَعَالَى أَعْلَمُ،فَإِنْ جَاءَ بِوَلاَيَتِهِ،قَبِلَ عَمَلَهُ عَلَى مَا كَانَ مِنْهُ،وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَأْتِ بِوَلاَيَتِهِ لَمْ يَسْأَلْهُ عَنْ شَيْءٍ،ثُمَّ أَمَرَ بِهِ إِلَى النَّارِ.

يَا بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ،وَ الَّذِي بَعَثَنِي بِالْحَقِّ نَبِيّاً،إِنَّ النَّارَ لَأَشَدُّ غَضَباً عَلَى مُبْغِضِ عَلِيٍّ مِنْهَا عَلَى مَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ لِلَّهِ وَلَداً.

Ibn ʿAbbās said: So I said, “O Messenger of Allah, advise me.”

He said: **“You must hold firm to the love of ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib. By the One Who sent me with the truth as a Prophet, Allah does not accept any good deed from a servant until He asks him about his love for ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib—though He, the Exalted, knows best.

If the person comes with his allegiance to ʿAlī, He accepts his deeds regardless of what they are. But if he does not come with that allegiance, He will not ask him about anything else, and will command that he be cast into the Fire.

O Ibn ʿAbbās, by the One Who sent me with the truth as a Prophet—verily the Fire is more enraged with the enemy of ʿAlī than it is with one who claims that Allah has a son.”**

يَا بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ،لَوْ أَنَّ الْمَلاَئِكَةَ الْمُقَرَّبِينَ وَ الْأَنْبِيَاءَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ اجْتَمَعُوا عَلَى بُغْضِ عَلِيٍّ،وَ لَنْ يَفْعَلُوا،لَعَذَّبَهُمُ اللَّهُ بِالنَّارِ».

قُلْتُ:يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ،وَ هَلْ يُبْغِضُهُ أَحَدٌ؟قَالَ:«يَا بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ نَعَمْ،يُبْغِضُهُ قَوْمٌ يَذْكُرُونَ أَنَّهُمْ مِنْ أُمَّتِي،لَمْ يَجْعَلِ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ فِي الْإِسْلاَمِ نَصِيباً.يَا بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ،إِنَّ مِنْ عَلاَمَةِ بُغْضِهِمْ لَهُ تَفْضِيلَهُمْ مَنْ هُوَ دُونَهُ عَلَيْهِ.وَ الَّذِي بَعَثَنِي بِالْحَقِّ

نَبِيّاً،مَا بَعَثَ اللَّهُ نَبِيّاً أَكْرَمَ عَلَيْهِ مِنِّي،وَ لاَ وَصِيّاً أَكْرَمَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ وَصِيِّي [1]».

“O Ibn ʿAbbās, if the angels who are brought near and the messengers among the prophets were all to gather in hatred toward ʿAlī—and they never would—Allah would punish them with the Fire.”

I said, “O Messenger of Allah, would anyone hate him?”

He said: **“O Ibn ʿAbbās, yes—he is hated by a people who claim to be from my ummah, yet Allah has granted them no share in Islam.

O Ibn ʿAbbās, among the signs of their hatred for him is their preference of those inferior to him over him.

By the One Who sent me with the truth as a Prophet, Allah has never sent a prophet more honored to Him than me, nor appointed a successor (waṣī) more honored to Him than my successor.”**

_2) -الأمالي 1:102.

[1] في«ج»:سعد.

[2] زاد في المصدر:في هذه.

Page 773 in Arabic

قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ:فَلَمْ أَزَلْ لَهُ كَمَا أَمَرَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)وَ وَصَّانِي بِمَوَدَّتِهِ،وَ إِنَّهُ لَأَكْبَرُ عَمَلِي عِنْدِي.قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ:ثُمَّ مَضَى مِنَ الزَّمَانِ مَا مَضَى،وَ حَضَرَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)الْوَفَاةُ،حَضَرْتُهُ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ:فِدَاكَ أَبِي وَ أُمِّي يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ،قَدْ دَنَا أَجَلُكَ،فَمَا تَأْمُرُنِي؟فَقَالَ:«يَا بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ،خَالِفْ مَنْ خَالَفَ عَلِيّاً،وَ لاَ تَكُونَنَّ لَهُمْ ظَهِيراً وَ لاَ وَلِيّاً».

Ibn ʿAbbās said: So I remained devoted to him as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) had commanded me, and as he had instructed me to maintain love for him. And indeed, that is the greatest of my deeds in my sight.

Ibn ʿAbbās said: Then time passed, and the moment of the Messenger of Allah’s (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) departure drew near. I was present with him and said: “May my father and mother be ransomed for you, O Messenger of Allah, your end has drawn near—what do you command me?”

He said: “O Ibn ʿAbbās, oppose whoever opposes ʿAlī, and do not ever be a helper or ally to them.”

قُلْتُ:يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ،فَلِمَ لاَ تَأْمُرُ النَّاسَ بِتَرْكِ مُخَالَفَتِهِ؟قَالَ:فَبَكَى(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)حَتَّى أُغْمِيَ عَلَيْهِ،ثُمَّ قَالَ:

«يَا بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ[قَدْ]سَبَقَ فِيهِمْ عِلْمُ رَبِّي.وَ الَّذِي بَعَثَنِي بِالْحَقِّ نَبِيّاً،لاَ يَخْرُجُ أَحَدٌ مِمَّنْ خَالَفَهُ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا،وَ أَنْكَرَ حَقَّهُ، حَتَّى يُغَيِّرَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى مَا بِهِ مِنْ نِعْمَةٍ.يَا بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ،إِذَا أَرَدْتَ أَنْ تَلْقَى اللَّهَ وَ هُوَ عَنْكَ رَاضٍ،فَاسْلُكْ طَرِيقَةَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ،وَ مِلْ مَعَهُ حَيْثُ مَالَ،وَ ارْضَ بِهِ إِمَاماً،وَ عَادِ مَنْ عَادَاهُ،وَ وَالِ مَنْ وَالاَهُ.يَا بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ،احْذَرْ أَنْ يَدْخُلَكَ شَكٌّ فِيهِ،فَإِنَّ الشَّكَّ فِي عَلِيٍّ كُفْرٌ بِاللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ».

I said, “O Messenger of Allah, then why don’t you command the people to stop opposing him?”

So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) wept until he fell unconscious. Then he said:

**“O Ibn ʿAbbās, the prior knowledge of my Lord has already come to pass concerning them. By the One who sent me with the truth as a Prophet, no one who opposes him or denies his right will leave this world until Allah, the Exalted, changes the blessings they enjoy.

O Ibn ʿAbbās, if you wish to meet Allah while He is pleased with you, then follow the path of ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib, incline with him wherever he inclines, be content with him as your Imam, oppose whoever opposes him, and befriend whoever befriends him.

O Ibn ʿAbbās, beware lest any doubt enters your heart concerning him, for indeed, doubt in ʿAlī is disbelief in Allah, the Mighty and Majestic.”**

99-/11938 _3- وَ عَنْهُ:بِإِسْنَادِهِ،عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ جَدِّهِ،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ:«قَالَ النَّبِيُّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ): أُعْطِيتُ جَوَامِعَ الْكَلِمِ».

قَالَ عَطَاءٌ:فَسَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):مَا جَوَامِعُ الْكَلِمِ؟قَالَ:«الْقُرْآنُ».

99-/11938 _3- And from him, through his chain of transmission, from ʿAṭāʾ ibn al-Sāʾib, from Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn, from his father, from his grandfather, from ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib (peace be upon him), who said:

“The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: ‘I was given jawāmiʿ al-kalim (comprehensive speech).’”

ʿAṭāʾ said: So I asked Abū Jaʿfar (peace be upon him), “What is jawāmiʿ al-kalim?” He said: “The Qur’an.”

/11939 _4-محمّد بن العبّاس:عن أحمد بن سعيد العماري،من ولد عمّار بن ياسر،عن إسماعيل بن زكريا،عن محمّد بن عون،عن عكرمة،عن ابن عبّاس،في قوله: إِنّٰا أَعْطَيْنٰاكَ الْكَوْثَرَ قال:نهر في الجنة، عمقه في الأرض سبعون ألف فرسخ،ماؤه أشدّ بياضا من اللبن و أحلى من العسل،شاطئاه من اللؤلؤ و الزبرجد و الياقوت،خص اللّه تعالى به نبيه و أهل بيته(صلوات اللّه عليهم أجمعين)دون الأنبياء.

/11939 _4- Muḥammad ibn al-ʿAbbās, from Aḥmad ibn Saʿīd al-ʿAmmārī, from the descendants of ʿAmmār ibn Yāsir, from Ismāʿīl ibn Zakariyyā, from Muḥammad ibn ʿŪn, from ʿIkrimah, from Ibn ʿAbbās regarding the verse: “Surely We have given you Kawthar” [Qur’an 108:1]—he said:

“It is a river in Paradise, its depth in the earth is seventy thousand parasangs. Its water is whiter than milk and sweeter than honey. Its banks are of pearls, emeralds, and rubies. Allah, the Exalted, has granted it exclusively to His Prophet and his Ahl al-Bayt (blessings of Allah be upon them all), to the exclusion of other prophets.”

M. H. Shakir Translation of Qur’an 108:1: “Surely We have given you Kawthar.”

99-/11940 _5- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ حُصَيْنِ بْنِ مُخَارِقٍ،عَنْ عَمْرِو ابْنِ خَالِدٍ،عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ:«قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ): أَرَانِي جَبْرَئِيلُ مَنَازِلِي فِي الْجَنَّةِ،وَ مَنَازِلَ أَهْلِ بَيْتِي،عَنِ الْكَوْثَرِ».

99-/11940 _5- And from him: from Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad, from Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥasan, from his father, from Ḥuṣayn ibn Mukhāriq, from ʿAmr ibn Khālid, from Zayd ibn ʿAlī, from his father, from ʿAlī (peace be upon him), who said:

“The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: ‘Jibrāʾīl showed me my dwellings in Paradise, and the dwellings of my Ahl al-Bayt, near al-Kawthar.’”

M. H. Shakir Translation of Qur’an 108:1: “Surely We have given you Kawthar.”

99-/11941 _6- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ،عَنْ مِسْمَعِ بْنِ أَبِي سَيَّارٍ،عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، قَالَ:سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)يَقُولُ: «لَمَّا أُسْرِيَ بِي إِلَى السَّمَاءِ السَّابِعَةِ،قَالَ لِي جَبْرَئِيلُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):تَقَدَّمْ يَا مُحَمَّدُ أَمَامَكَ.وَ أَرَانِيَ الْكَوْثَرَ،وَ قَالَ:يَا مُحَمَّدُ،هَذَا الْكَوْثَرُ لَكَ دُونَ النَّبِيِّينَ،فَرَأَيْتُ عَلَيْهِ قُصُوراً كَثِيرَةً مِنَ اللُّؤْلُؤِ وَ الْيَاقُوتِ وَ الدُّرِّ،وَ قَالَ:يَا مُحَمَّدُ،هَذِهِ مَسَاكِنُكَ وَ مَسَاكِنُ وَزِيرِكَ وَ وَصِيِّكَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ وَ ذُرِّيَّتِهِ الْأَبْرَارِ»،قَالَ:

«فَضَرَبْتُ بِيَدِي عَلَى بَلاَطِهِ فَشَمِمْتُهُ فَإِذَا هُوَ مِسْكٌ،وَ إِذَا أَنَا بِقُصُورٍ،لَبِنَةٌ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ وَ لَبِنَةٌ مِنْ فِضَّةٍ».

99-/11941 _6- And from him: from al-Ḥasan ibn Maḥbūb, from ʿAlī ibn Riʾāb, from Mismāʿ ibn Abī Sayyār, from Anas ibn Mālik, who said:

I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) say: **“When I was taken up during the Night Journey (Isrāʾ) to the seventh heaven, Jibrāʾīl (peace be upon him) said to me: ‘Go forward, O Muḥammad, ahead of me.’ And he showed me al-Kawthar and said: ‘O Muḥammad, this is al-Kawthar—it is for you, and not for any of the other prophets.’ I saw upon it many palaces made of pearls, rubies, and pearls again.

He said: ‘O Muḥammad, these are your dwellings and the dwellings of your minister and successor ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib, and his righteous descendants.’”**

He said: “So I placed my hand on its tiles and smelled it, and it was musk. And I saw palaces, each brick of which was made of gold and silver.”

M. H. Shakir Translation of Qur’an 108:1: “Surely We have given you Kawthar.”

_3) -الأمالي 2:99.

_4) -تأويل الآيات 2:دأ 1/5.

_5) -تأويل الآيات 2:2/856.

_6) -تأويل الآيات 2:3/586.

[1] زاد في المصدر:عليّ.

Page 774 in Arabic

99-/11942 _7- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ هَوْذَةَ،عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ،عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ حَمَّادٍ،عَنْ حُمْرَانَ بْنِ أَعْيَنَ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)صَلَّى الْغَدَاةَ،ثُمَّ الْتَفَتَ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،فَقَالَ:

[يَا عَلِيُّ]مَا هَذَا النُّورُ الَّذِي أَرَاهُ قَدْ غَشِيَكَ؟قَالَ:يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ،أَصَابَتْنِي جَنَابَةٌ فِي هَذِهِ اللَّيْلَةِ،فَأَخَذْتُ بَطْنَ الْوَادِي فَلَمْ أُصِبِ الْمَاءَ،فَلَمَّا وَلَّيْتُ نَادَانِي مُنَادٍ:يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ،فَالْتَفَتُّ فَإِذَا خَلْفِي إِبْرِيقٌ مَمْلُوءٌ مِنْ مَاءٍ،وَ طَسْتٌ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ مَمْلُوءٌ مِنْ مَاءٍ،فَاغْتَسَلْتُ.

99-/11942 _7- And from him: from Aḥmad ibn Hawdhah, from Ibrāhīm ibn Isḥāq, from ʿAbdullāh ibn Ḥammād, from Ḥumrān ibn Aʿyan, from Abū ʿAbdillāh (peace be upon him), who said:

“The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) prayed the morning (ghadah) prayer, then turned toward ʿAlī (peace be upon him) and said: ‘O ʿAlī, what is this light I see surrounding you?’

He replied: ‘O Messenger of Allah, I became junub during the night, so I went down into the valley and could not find any water. As I turned to leave, a caller called out to me: "O Commander of the Faithful!" I turned around and behind me was a jug filled with water and a golden basin full of water—so I performed ghusl.’”

فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):يَا عَلِيُّ أَمَّا الْمُنَادِي فَجَبْرَئِيلُ،وَ الْمَاءُ مِنْ نَهَرٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ الْكَوْثَرُ،عَلَيْهِ اثْنَتَا عَشْرَةَ أَلْفَ شَجَرَةٍ،كُلُّ شَجَرَةٍ لَهَا ثَلاَثُمِائَةٍ وَ سِتُّونَ غُصْناً،فَإِذَا أَرَادَ أَهْلُ الْجَنَّةِ الطَّرَبَ،هَبَّتْ رِيحٌ، فَمَا مِنْ شَجَرَةٍ وَ لاَ غُصْنٍ إِلاَّ وَ هُوَ أَحْلَى صَوْتاً مِنَ الْآخَرِ،وَ لَوْ لاَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى كَتَبَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ أَنْ لاَ يَمُوتُوا،لَمَاتُوا فَرَحاً مِنْ شِدَّةِ حَلاَوَةِ تِلْكَ الْأَصْوَاتِ،وَ هَذَا النَّهَرُ فِي جَنَّةِ عَدْنٍ،وَ هُوَ لِي وَ لَكَ وَ لِفَاطِمَةَ وَ الْحَسَنِ وَ الْحُسَيْنِ وَ لَيْسَ لِأَحَدٍ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ».

The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said:

**“O ʿAlī, as for the one who called out to you—it was Jibrāʾīl. And the water was from a river called al-Kawthar. Upon its banks are twelve thousand trees, each tree with three hundred and sixty branches.

Whenever the people of Paradise desire joy and delight, a breeze blows through them—and there is not a single tree or branch except that its sound is sweeter than the other.

Were it not that Allah, Blessed and Exalted, had decreed that the people of Paradise shall not die, they would die from the intensity of joy caused by the sweetness of those sounds.

And this river is in the Garden of ʿAdn. It is for me, and for you, and for Fāṭimah, and al-Ḥasan, and al-Ḥusayn—and no one else has any share in it.”**

M. H. Shakir Translation of Qur’an 108:1: “Surely We have given you Kawthar.”

99-/11943 _8- السَّيِّدُ الرَّضِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ(الْمَنَاقِبِ الْفَاخِرَةِ فِي الْعِتْرَةِ الطَّاهِرَةِ)قَالَ:أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْمُظَفَّرِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ الْعَطَّارُ الشَّافِعِيُّ،بِقِرَاءَتِي عَلَيْهِ فَأَقَرَّ بِهِ،أَخْبَرَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ الْمُلَقَّبُ بِالسَّقَّاءِ الْحَافِظُ الْوَاسِطِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عِيسَى الرَّازِيُّ الْبَصْرِيُّ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدَةَ الْأَصْفَهَانِيِّ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ الرَّازِيِّ عَنْ جَرِيرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ،عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ

99-/11943 _8- Al-Sayyid al-Raḍī, in his book al-Manāqib al-Fākhirah fī al-ʿItrah al-Ṭāhirah, said: Abū al-Ḥasan Aḥmad ibn al-Muẓaffar ibn Aḥmad al-ʿAṭṭār al-Shāfiʿī informed us, from my recitation to him, and he acknowledged it. He was informed by ʿAbdullāh ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿUthmān, known as al-Saqqāʾ, the ḥāfiẓ of Wāsiṭ, who said: Abū al-Ḥasan Aḥmad ibn ʿĪsā al-Rāzī al-Baṣrī narrated to us, from Muḥammad ibn ʿUbaydah al-Aṣfahānī, from Muḥammad ibn Ḥumayd al-Rāzī, from Jarīr ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd, from al-Aʿmash,

،عَنْ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ،عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ،قَالَ:قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ وَ عُمَرَ: «امْضِيَا إِلَى عَلِيٍّ حَتَّى يُحَدِّثَكُمَا مَا كَانَ فِي لَيْلَتِهِ،وَ أَنَا عَلَى أَثَرِكُمَا».

قَالَ أَنَسٌ:فَمَضَيْنَا فَاسْتَأْذَنَّا عَلَى عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْنَا،وَ قَالَ:«أَ حَدَثَ شَيْءٌ؟».قُلْنَا:لاَ،بَلْ قَالَ لَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):«امْضِيَا إِلَى عَلِيٍّ يُحَدِّثُكُمَا مَا كَانَ مِنْهُ فِي لَيْلَتِهِ».وَ جَاءَ النَّبِيُّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)فَقَالَ:«يَا عَلِيُّ حَدِّثْهُمَا مَا كَانَ مِنْكَ فِي لَيْلَتِكَ».فَقَالَ:«إِنِّي لَأَسْتَحِي يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ».فَقَالَ:«حَدِّثْهُمَا،فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لاَ يَسْتَحِي مِنَ الْحَقِّ».

from Abū Sufyān, from Anas ibn Mālik, who said:

The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said to Abū Bakr and ʿUmar: “Go to ʿAlī so that he may inform you about what happened to him during the night—and I will follow behind you.”

Anas said: So we went and sought permission from ʿAlī (peace be upon him), and he came out to us and said: “Has something happened?” We said: “No, but the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) told us: ‘Go to ʿAlī—he will inform you of what happened with him during his night.’”

Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) arrived and said: “O ʿAlī, inform them about what happened with you during your night.” He said: “O Messenger of Allah, I feel shy.” He replied: “Tell them—for Allah does not shy away from the truth.”

فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ:«إِنَّ الْبَارِحَةَ أَرَدْتُ الْمَاءَ لِلطَّهَارَةِ،وَ قَدْ أَصْبَحْتُ وَ خِفْتُ أَنْ تَفُوتَنِي الصَّلاَةُ،فَوَجَّهْتُ الْحَسَنَ فِي طَرِيقٍ وَ الْحُسَيْنَ فِي أُخْرَى،فَأَبْطَيَا عَلَيَّ فَأَحْزَنَنِي ذَلِكَ،فَبَيْنَمَا أَنَا كَذَلِكَ فَإِذَا السَّقْفُ قَدِ انْشَقَّ وَ نَزَلَ مِنْهُ سَطْلٌ مُغَطًّى بِمِنْدِيلٍ،فَلَمَّا صَارَ فِي الْأَرْضِ نَحَّيْتُ الْمِنْدِيلَ فَإِذَا فِيهِ مَاءٌ فَتَطَهَّرْتُ لِلصَّلاَةِ وَ اغْتَسَلْتُ بِبَاقِيهِ،وَ صَلَّيْتُ،ثُمَّ ارْتَفَعَ السَّطْلُ وَ الْمِنْدِيلُ وَ الْتَأَمَ السَّقْفُ».فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)لِعَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)وَ لَهُمَا:«أَمَّا السَّطْلُ فَمِنَ الْجَنَّةِ،وَ الْمَاءُ فَمِنْ نَهْرِ الْكَوْثَرِ،وَ الْمِنْدِيلُ فَمِنْ إِسْتَبْرَقِ الْجَنَّةِ،مَنْ مِثْلُكَ-يَا عَلِيُّ-وَ جَبْرَئِيلُ لَيْلَتَكَ يَخْدُمُكَ!».

So ʿAlī (peace be upon him) said:

**“Last night, I intended to find water for purification, and morning had come, and I feared that the prayer would pass me by. So I sent al-Ḥasan in one direction and al-Ḥusayn in another. They both delayed, and that saddened me.

While I was in that state, suddenly the ceiling split open, and a bucket descended from it, covered with a cloth. When it reached the ground, I removed the cloth—and behold, there was water inside it.

I performed wuḍūʾ for the prayer and washed with the remainder, then I prayed. After that, the bucket, the cloth, and the ceiling were all restored as they were.”**

So the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said to ʿAlī (peace be upon him), and to them:

**“As for the bucket, it is from Paradise; the water is from the River al-Kawthar; and the cloth is from the brocade (istabraq) of Paradise.

Who is like you, O ʿAlī—when Jibrāʾīl serves you in the night?”**

99-/11944 _9- الطَّبْرِسِيُّ فِي(الْإِحْتِجَاجِ):فِي حَدِيثِ النَّبِيِّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)مَعَ الْيَهُودِ ،قَالَتِ الْيَهُودُ:نُوحٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْكَ،قَالَ النَّبِيُّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):«وَ لِمَ ذَلِكَ؟»قَالُوا:لِأَنَّهُ رَكِبَ عَلَى السَّفِينَةِ فَجَرَتْ عَلَى الْجُودِيِّ.قَالَ النَّبِيُّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):«لَقَدْ أُعْطِيتُ أَنَا أَفْضَلَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ».قَالُوا:وَ مَا ذَاكَ؟قَالَ:«إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَعْطَانِي نَهَراً فِي

الْجَنَّةِ [1]مَجْرَاهُ مِنْ تَحْتِ الْعَرْشِ وَ عَلَيْهِ أَلْفُ أَلْفِ قَصْرٍ،لَبِنَةٌ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ،وَ لَبِنَةٌ مِنْ فِضَّةٍ،حَشِيشُهَا الزَّعْفَرَانُ، وَ رَضْرَاضُهَا [2]الدُّرُّ وَ الْيَاقُوتُ،وَ أَرْضُهَا الْمِسْكُ الْأَبْيَضُ،فَذَلِكَ خَيْرٌ لِي وَ لِأُمَّتِي،وَ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: إِنّٰا أَعْطَيْنٰاكَ الْكَوْثَرَ ».قَالُوا:صَدَقْتَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ،هُوَ مَكْتُوبٌ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ،وَ هَذَا خَيْرٌ مِنْ ذَلِكَ.

99-/11944 _9- Al-Ṭabrisī in al-Iḥtijāj, in the narration of the Prophet’s (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) dialogue with the Jews:

The Jews said, “Nūḥ is better than you.” The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said, “And why is that?” They said, “Because he boarded the Ark, and it sailed until it rested on Mount al-Jūdī.” The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) replied: “Indeed, I have been granted something better than that.”

They said, “And what is that?”

He said: “Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, has granted me a river in Paradise, its course flows from beneath the Throne. Upon it are a million palaces, a brick of gold and a brick of silver. Its vegetation is saffron, its pebbles are pearls and rubies, and its ground is pure white musk. That is better for me and for my ummah. And that is His saying, the Exalted: ‘Surely We have given you Kawthar’ [Qur’an 108:1].”

They said, “You have spoken the truth, O Muḥammad. It is written in the Torah—and this is better than that.”

_7) -تأويل الآيات 2:4/857.

_8) -.....العمدة 738/375.

_9) -الإحتجاج:48.

Page 775 in Arabic

99-/11945 _10- الطَّبْرِسِيُّ،قَالَ:رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)فِي مَعْنَى الْكَوْثَرِ،قَالَ: «نَهَرٌ فِي الْجَنَّةِ أَعْطَاهُ اللَّهُ نَبِيَّهُ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)عِوَضاً عَنِ ابْنِهِ».قَالَ:وَ قِيلَ:[هُوَ]الشَّفَاعَةُ. رَوَوْهُ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ).

99-/11945 _10- Al-Ṭabrisī said: It is narrated from Abū ʿAbdillāh (peace be upon him) regarding the meaning of al-Kawthar, that he said:

“It is a river in Paradise that Allah gave to His Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) as compensation for the loss of his son.”

He said: And it is also said: [It is] intercession—and this has been narrated from al-Ṣādiq (peace be upon him).

99-/11946 _11- ابْنُ الْفَارِسِيِّ فِي(الرَّوْضَةِ):قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ: إِنّٰا أَعْطَيْنٰاكَ الْكَوْثَرَ صَعِدَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)الْمِنْبَرَ فَقَرَأَهَا عَلَى النَّاسِ،فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ قَالُوا:يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ،مَا هَذَا الَّذِي[قَدْ]أَعْطَاكَ اللَّهُ؟قَالَ:«نَهَرٌ فِي الْجَنَّةِ،أَشَدُّ بَيَاضاً مِنَ اللَّبَنِ،وَ أَشَدُّ اسْتِقَامَةً مِنَ الْقِدْحِ [3]،حَافَتَاهُ قِبَابُ الدُّرِّ وَ الْيَاقُوتِ تَرِدُهُ طُيُورٌ خُضْرٌ لَهَا أَعْنَاقٌ كَأَعْنَاقِ الْبُخْتِ».

99-/11946 _11- Ibn al-Fārisī in al-Rawḍah narrated: Ibn ʿAbbās said:

When the verse was revealed — “Surely We have given you Kawthar” [Qur’an 108:1] — the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) ascended the minbar and recited it to the people.

When he descended, they said, “O Messenger of Allah, what is this that Allah has given you?”

He said: “It is a river in Paradise—whiter than milk, straighter than an arrow. On its banks are domes of pearls and rubies. Green birds visit it, with necks like the necks of large camels (al-bukht).”

قَالُوا:يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ،مَا أَنْعَمَ هَذَا الطَّائِرَ!قَالَ:«أَ فَلاَ أُخْبِرُكُمْ بِأَنْعَمَ مِنْهُ؟».قَالُوا:بَلَى يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ.قَالَ:«مَنْ أَكَلَ الطَّيْرَ وَ شَرِبَ الْمَاءَ،وَ فَازَ بِرِضْوَانِ اللَّهِ».

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):«خُيِّرْتُ بَيْنَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ شَطْرُ أُمَّتِي الْجَنَّةَ،وَ بَيْنَ الشَّفَاعَةِ،فَاخْتَرْتُ الشَّفَاعَةَ لِأَنَّهَا أَعَمُّ وَ أَكْفَى،أَ تَرَوْنَهَا لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ الْمُتَّقِينَ؟لاَ،وَ لَكِنَّهَا لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ الْمُتَلَوِّثِينَ الْخَطَّائِينَ».

They said, “O Messenger of Allah, how blessed is that bird!” He said: “Shall I not inform you of someone more blessed than it?” They said, “Yes, O Messenger of Allah.” He said: “The one who eats that bird, drinks from that water, and gains the pleasure of Allah—he is more blessed.”

The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: **“I was given the choice between half of my ummah entering Paradise and intercession, and I chose intercession—because it is broader and more sufficient.

Do you think it is only for the righteous believers? No, rather it is for the believing sinners who are stained with faults.”**

و أحاديث الكوثر كثيرة،اقتصرت على ذلك مخافة الإطالة.

And the aḥādīth regarding al-Kawthar are numerous; I have limited myself to these out of fear of prolonging the discussion.

99-/11947 _12- الشَّيْخُ فِي(أَمَالِيهِ)قَالَ:أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَفَّارُ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُقَاتِلٍ الْكَشِّيُّ بِبَغْدَادَ،قَدِمَ عَلَيْنَا سَنَةَ أَرْبَعٍ وَ سَبْعِينَ وَ مِائَتَيْنِ فِي قَطِيعَةِ الرَّبِيعِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُقَاتِلٍ السَّمَرْقَنْدِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُقَاتِلُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا الْأَصْبَغُ بْنُ نُبَاتَةَ،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) فَصَلِّ لِرَبِّكَ وَ انْحَرْ ،قَالَ:يَا جَبْرَئِيلُ،مَا هَذِهِ النَّحِيرَةُ الَّتِي أَمَرَنِي بِهَا رَبِّي؟قَالَ:يَا مُحَمَّدُ،إِنَّهَا لَيْسَتْ نَحِيرَةً،وَ لَكِنَّهَا رَفْعُ الْأَيْدِي فِي الصَّلاَةِ».

99-/11947 _12- Shaykh al-Ṭūsī in al-Amālī said: Al-Ḥaffār informed us, who said: Ismāʿīl narrated to us, who said: Abū Muqātil al-Kashshī narrated to us in Baghdad—he came to us in the year 274 AH in Qaṭīʿat al-Rabīʿ—who said: Abū Muqātil al-Samarqandī narrated to us, from Muqātil ibn Ḥayyān, from al-Aṣbagh ibn Nubātah, from ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib (peace be upon him), who said:

**“When the verse was revealed to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family): ‘Therefore pray to your Lord and make a sacrifice’ [Qur’an 108:2], he said: ‘O Jibrāʾīl, what is this naḥīrah (sacrifice) that my Lord has commanded me with?’

Jibrāʾīl replied: ‘O Muḥammad, it is not a sacrifice (of an animal); rather, it is the raising of the hands in prayer.’”**

99-/11948 _13- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ حَمَّادٍ،عَنْ حَرِيزٍ،عَنْ رَجُلٍ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ: فَصَلِّ لِرَبِّكَ وَ انْحَرْ ؟قَالَ:«النَّحْرُ:اَلاِعْتِدَالُ فِي الْقِيَامِ،أَنْ يُقِيمَ

صُلْبَهُ وَ نَحْرَهُ».وَ قَالَ:«لاَ تُكَفِّرْ،فَإِنَّمَا يَصْنَعُ ذَلِكَ الْمَجُوسُ،وَ لاَ تَلَثَّمْ،وَ لاَ تَحْتَفِزْ [1]،وَ لاَ تُقْعِ عَلَى قَدَمَيْكَ،وَ لاَ تَفْتَرِشْ ذِرَاعَيْكَ».

99-/11948 _13- Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb, from Muḥammad ibn Yaḥyā, from Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad, from Ḥammād, from Ḥarīz, from a man, from Abū Jaʿfar (peace be upon him), who said:

I asked him about the verse: “Therefore pray to your Lord and make a sacrifice” [Qur’an 108:2].

He said: “Naḥr (sacrifice) here means uprightness in standing— that one straightens his back and his neck.”

And he said: “Do not do takfīr (crossing arms in prayer), for that is what the Magians do. Do not cover your mouth, do not crouch down (iḥtafiz), do not sit on your feet, and do not spread your arms on the ground (in prostration).”

_10) -مجمع البيان 10:836.

_11) -روضة الواعظين:501.

_12) -الأمالي 1:386.

_13) -الكافي 3:9/336.

[1] في«ج»و المصدر:السماء.

[2] الرّضراض:ما دقّ من الحصى،و الأرض المرضوضة بالحجارة.«أقرب الموارد-رضرض-1:409».

al-Raḍraāḍ: what is fine and small from pebbles; and al-arḍ al-marḍūḍah is land compacted with stones. (Aqrab al-Mawārid – root: Ra-ḍa-ra-ḍa – 1:409)

[3] القدح:السّهم قبل أن ينصل و يراش.«لسان العرب-قدح-2:556».

al-Qadaḥ: the arrow before its tip is affixed and before it is fletched. (Lisān al-ʿArab – root: Q-D-Ḥ – 2:556)

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99-/11949 _14- الطَّبْرِسِيُّ: فِي مَعْنَى فَصَلِّ لِرَبِّكَ وَ انْحَرْ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ،قَالَ:سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)[يَقُولُ]فِي قَوْلِهِ: فَصَلِّ لِرَبِّكَ وَ انْحَرْ :«هُوَ رَفْعُ يَدَيْكَ حِذَاءَ وَجْهِكَ». وَ رَوَى عَنْهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ مِثْلَهُ.

99-/11949 _14- Al-Ṭabrisī, regarding the meaning of “Therefore pray to your Lord and make a sacrifice” [Qur’an 108:2], narrated from ʿUmar ibn Yazīd, who said:

I heard Abū ʿAbdillāh (peace be upon him) [say] about His saying: “Therefore pray to your Lord and make a sacrifice”: “It is the raising of your hands to the level of your face.”

And ʿAbdullāh ibn Sinān also narrated the same from him.

M. H. Shakir Translation of Qur’an 108:2: “Therefore pray to your Lord and make a sacrifice.”

99-/11950 _15- وَ عَنْ جَمِيلٍ،قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): فَصَلِّ لِرَبِّكَ وَ انْحَرْ ؟فَقَالَ بِيَدِهِ هَكَذَا، يَعْنِي اسْتَقْبَلَ بِيَدَيْهِ حَذْوَ وَجْهِهِ الْقِبْلَةَ فِي افْتِتَاحِ الصَّلاَةِ.

99-/11950 _15- And from Jamīl, who said:

I said to Abū ʿAbdillāh (peace be upon him), “Therefore pray to your Lord and make a sacrifice?” [Qur’an 108:2]

So he gestured with his hands like this—meaning that he raised his hands facing the qiblah, at the level of his face, at the opening of the prayer.

99-/11951 _16- وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ مُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ،عَنِ الْأَصْبَغِ بْنِ نُبَاتَةَ،عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ السُّورَةُ،قَالَ النَّبِيُّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)لِجَبْرَئِيلَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):مَا هَذِهِ النَّحِيرَةُ الَّتِي أَمَرَنِي بِهَا رَبِّي؟قَالَ:لَيْسَتْ بِنَحِيرَةٍ، وَ لَكِنَّهُ يَأْمُرُكَ إِذَا تَحَرَّمْتَ لِلصَّلاَةِ،أَنْ تَرْفَعَ يَدَيْكَ إِذَا كَبَّرْتَ،وَ إِذَا رَكَعْتَ،وَ إِذَا رَفَعْتَ رَأْسَكَ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ،وَ إِذَا سَجَدْتَ،فَإِنَّهُ صَلاَتُنَا وَ صَلاَةُ الْمَلاَئِكَةِ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ السَّبْعِ،فَإِنَّ لِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ زِينَةً وَ إِنَّ زِينَةَ الصَّلاَةِ رَفْعُ الْأَيْدِي عِنْدَ كُلِّ تَكْبِيرَةٍ.

قَالَ النَّبِيُّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):«رَفْعُ الْأَيْدِي مِنَ الاِسْتِكَانَةِ.قُلْتُ:وَ مَا الاِسْتِكَانَةُ؟قَالَ:«أَ لاَ تَقْرَأُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: فَمَا اسْتَكٰانُوا لِرَبِّهِمْ وَ مٰا يَتَضَرَّعُونَ ؟ [2]».

99-/11951 _16- And it is narrated from Muqātil ibn Ḥayyān, from al-Aṣbagh ibn Nubātah, from the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him), who said:

“When this sūrah was revealed, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said to Jibrāʾīl (peace be upon him): ‘What is this naḥīrah (sacrifice) that my Lord has commanded me with?’ He said: ‘It is not a sacrifice, but He commands you—when you enter the sanctity of prayer—to raise your hands when you say the takbīr, when you bow, when you raise your head from bowing, and when you prostrate. For this is our prayer and the prayer of the angels in the seven heavens. Verily, everything has a beauty, and the beauty of prayer is the raising of the hands at every takbīr.’”

The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: “Raising the hands is from istikānah (humble submission).”

I said, “And what is istikānah?”

He said: “Have you not read this verse: ‘But they did not humble themselves before their Lord, nor did they supplicate’” [Qur’an 23:76]

ثمّ قال الطبرسيّ:أورده الثعلبي،و الواحدي في تفسيريهما.

Then al-Ṭabrisī said: Al-Thaʿlabī and al-Wāḥidī both included this narration in their tafsīrs.

/11952 _17-علي بن إبراهيم،في معنى السورة:قوله: إِنّٰا أَعْطَيْنٰاكَ الْكَوْثَرَ ،قال:الكوثر:نهر في الجنة أعطاه اللّه رسول اللّه(صلّى اللّه عليه و آله)عوضا عن ابنه إبراهيم.قال:دخل رسول اللّه(صلّى اللّه عليه و آله)المسجد و فيه عمرو بن العاص و الحكم بن أبي العاص،فقال عمرو:يا أبا الأبتر،و كان الرجل في الجاهلية إذا لم يكن له ولد سمي أبتر،ثمّ قال عمرو:إني لأشنأ محمّدا،أي أبغضه.فأنزل اللّه على رسوله(صلّى اللّه عليه و آله): إِنّٰا أَعْطَيْنٰاكَ الْكَوْثَرَ* فَصَلِّ لِرَبِّكَ وَ انْحَرْ* إِنَّ شٰانِئَكَ أي مبغضك عمرو بن العاص: هُوَ الْأَبْتَرُ يعني لا دين له و لا نسب.

/11952 _17- ʿAlī ibn Ibrāhīm, regarding the meaning of the sūrah, said about His saying: “Surely We have given you Kawthar” [Qur’an 108:1]:

“Al-Kawthar is a river in Paradise which Allah gave to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) as compensation for his son Ibrāhīm.”

He said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) once entered the mosque, and in it were ʿAmr ibn al-ʿĀṣ and al-Ḥakam ibn Abī al-ʿĀṣ. ʿAmr said, “O father of the abtar (cut-off one),”—for in the time of jāhiliyyah, if a man had no son, he would be called abtar (cut off, without lineage).

Then ʿAmr said, “Indeed, I despise Muḥammad.” (Inni la-ashnaʾu Muḥammadan, meaning: I hate him.)

So Allah revealed to His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him and his family): “Surely We have given you Kawthar. Therefore pray to your Lord and make a sacrifice. Surely your enemy is the one who shall be without posterity.” [Qur’an 108:1–3]

Meaning: “The one who hates you, ʿAmr ibn al-ʿĀṣ, he is the one cut off—meaning: he has neither religion nor lineage.”

99-/11953 _18- ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ:بِإِسْنَادِهِ،عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،فِي حَدِيثٍ: «أَشَرُّ الْأَوَّلِينَ وَ الْآخِرِينَ اثْنَا عَشَرَ».إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ فِي السِّتَّةِ الْآخِرِينَ:«وَ الْأَبْتَرُ:عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ».

99-/11953 _18- Ibn Bābawayh, through his chain of transmission, from the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him), in a ḥadīth:

“The worst of the first and the last are twelve.” —until he mentioned among the last six: “And the abtar is ʿAmr ibn al-ʿĀṣ.”

_14) -مجمع البيان 10:837.

_15) -مجمع البيان 10:837.

_16) -مجمع البيان 10:837.

_17) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:445.

_18) -الخصال:2/459.

[1] احتفز:استوى جالسا على وركيه،و قيل:استوى جالسا على ركبتيه كأنّه ينهض.«لسان العرب 5:337».

Iḥtafaza: he sat upright on his hips; and it is also said: he sat upright on his knees as if preparing to rise. (Lisān al-ʿArab – 5:337)

[2] المؤمنون 23:76.

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99-/11954 _19- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَخْلَدٍ الدَّهَّانُ،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ شَهْدٍ الْقُرَيْضِيِّ [1]بِالرَّقَّةِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ جَنَاحٍ،عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ [2]،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ آبَائِهِ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ:

«[وَ لَقَدْ]قَالَ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ عَلَى مِنْبَرِ مِصْرَ:مُحِيَ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ أَلْفُ حَرْفٍ،وَ حُرِّفَ مِنْهُ أَلْفُ.حَرْفٍ،وَ أَعْطَيْتُ مِائَتَيْ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ عَلَى أَنْ أَمْحُوَ إِنَّ شٰانِئَكَ هُوَ الْأَبْتَرُ فَقَالُوا:لاَ يَجُوزُ ذَلِكَ.[قُلْتُ]:فَكَيْفَ جَازَ ذَلِكَ لَهُمْ،وَ لَمْ يَجُزْ لِي؟فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ مُعَاوِيَةَ،فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ:قَدْ بَلَغَنِي مَا قُلْتَ عَلَى مِنْبَرِ مِصْرَ،وَ لَسْتَ هُنَاكَ».

99-/11954 _19- Muḥammad ibn al-ʿAbbās said: Muḥammad ibn Makhlad al-Dahhān narrated to us, from ʿAlī ibn Shahd al-Qurayḍī in al-Raqqah, from Ibrāhīm ibn ʿAlī ibn Janāḥ, from al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar, from his father, from his forefathers (peace be upon them), who said:

“ʿAmr ibn al-ʿĀṣ once stood on the minbar of Miṣr (Egypt) and said: ‘A thousand letters have been erased from the Book of Allah, and a thousand letters have been altered. And I was given two hundred thousand dirhams in exchange for erasing Surely your enemy is the one who shall be without posterity (Qur’an 108:3).’ But they said: ‘That is not permissible.’ I said: ‘Then how was it permissible for them, but not for me?’”

When that statement reached Muʿāwiyah, he wrote to him: “I have been informed of what you said on the minbar of Miṣr—and you are no longer in authority there.”

_19) -تأويل الآيات 2:42/569.

[1] في المصدر:عليّ بن أحمد العريضي.

[2] زاد في المصدر:بن محمّد.

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