S 3 A 110-119
أُخْرِجَتْ لِلنَّاسِ».
Raised up for mankind.
قوله تعالى:
يَوْمَ تَبْيَضُّ وُجُوهٌ وَ تَسْوَدُّ وُجُوهٌ فَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ -إلى قوله تعالى:- فَفِي رَحْمَتِ اللّٰهِ هُمْ فِيهٰا خٰالِدُونَ[106-107]
Reference: Al ‘Imran 3:106-107 (M. H. Shakir)
On the day when some faces shall turn white and some faces shall turn black; then as to those whose faces turn black: Did you disbelieve after your believing? Taste then the chastisement because you disbelieved. And as to those whose faces turn white, they shall be in Allah's mercy; in it they shall abide.
99-/1881 _1- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي،عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى،عَنْ أَبِي الْجَارُودِ،عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ هَيْثَمٍ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ ضَمْرَةَ،عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ(رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ)،قَالَ: لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ: يَوْمَ تَبْيَضُّ وُجُوهٌ وَ تَسْوَدُّ وُجُوهٌ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):«تَرِدُ عَلَيَّ أُمَّتِي يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ عَلَى خَمْسِ رَايَاتٍ:فَرَايَةٌ مَعَ عِجْلِ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ،فَأَسْأَلُهُمْ:مَا فَعَلْتُمْ بِالثَّقَلَيْنِ مِنْ بَعْدِي؟فَيَقُولُونَ:أَمَّا الْأَكْبَرُ فَحَرَّفْنَاهُ وَ نَبَذْنَاهُ وَرَاءَ ظُهُورِنَا،وَ أَمَّا الْأَصْغَرُ فَعَادَيْنَاهُ وَ أَبْغَضْنَاهُ وَ ظَلَمْنَاهُ.
فَأَقُولُ:رِدُوا إِلَى النَّارِ ظِمَاءً مُظْمَئِينَ مُسْوَدَّةً وُجُوهُكُمْ.ثُمَّ تَرِدُ عَلَيَّ رَايَةٌ مَعَ فِرْعَوْنِ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ،فَأَقُولُ لَهُمْ:مَا فَعَلْتُمْ بِالثَّقَلَيْنِ مِنْ بَعْدِي؟فَيَقُولُونَ:أَمَّا الْأَكْبَرُ فَحَرَّفْنَاهُ وَ مَزَّقْنَاهُ وَ خَالَفْنَاهُ،وَ أَمَّا الْأَصْغَرُ فَعَادَيْنَاهُ وَ قَاتَلْنَاهُ.فَأَقُولُ:رِدُوا إِلَى النَّارِ ظِمَاءً مُظْمَئِينَ مُسْوَدَّةً وُجُوهُكُمْ.ثُمَّ تَرِدُ عَلَيَّ رَايَةٌ مَعَ سَامِرِيِّ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ،فَأَقُولُ لَهُمْ:مَا فَعَلْتُمْ بِالثَّقَلَيْنِ مِنْ بَعْدِي؟فَيَقُولُونَ:أَمَّا الْأَكْبَرُ فَعَصَيْنَاهُ وَ تَرَكْنَاهُ،وَ أَمَّا الْأَصْغَرُ فَخَذَلْنَاهُ وَ ضَيَّعْنَاهُ[وَ صَنَعْنَا بِهِ كُلَّ قَبِيحٍ].فَأَقُولُ:رِدُوا إِلَى النَّارِ ظِمَاءً مُظْمَئِينَ مُسْوَدَّةً وُجُوهُكُمْ.ثُمَّ تَرِدُ عَلَيَّ رَايَةُ ذِي الثُّدَيَّةِ مَعَ أَوَّلِ الْخَوَارِجِ وَ آخِرِهِمْ،فَأَسْأَلُهُمْ:مَا فَعَلْتُمْ بِالثَّقَلَيْنِ مِنْ بَعْدِي؟فَيَقُولُونَ:أَمَّا الْأَكْبَرُ فَمَزَّقْنَاهُ فَبَرِئْنَا مِنْهُ،وَ أَمَّا الْأَصْغَرُ فَقَاتَلْنَاهُ وَ قَتَلْنَاهُ.فَأَقُولُ:رِدُوا إِلَى [1] النَّارِ ظِمَاءً مُظْمَئِينَ مُسْوَدَّةً وُجُوهُكُمْ.ثُمَّ تَرِدُ عَلَيَّ رَايَةٌ مَعَ إِمَامِ الْمُتَّقِينَ،وَ سَيِّدِ الْوَصِيِّينَ [2]،وَ قَائِدِ الْغُرِّ الْمُحَجَّلِينَ، وَ وَصِيِّ رَسُولِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ،فَأَقُولُ لَهُمْ:مَا فَعَلْتُمْ بِالثَّقَلَيْنِ مِنْ بَعْدِي؟فَيَقُولُونَ:أَمَّا الْأَكْبَرُ فَاتَّبَعْنَاهُ وَ أَطَعْنَاهُ،وَ أَمَّا الْأَصْغَرُ فَأَحْبَبْنَاهُ وَ وَالَيْنَاهُ وَ وَازَرْنَاهُ وَ نَصَرْنَاهُ حَتَّى أُهَرِيقَتْ فِيهِمْ دِمَاؤُنَا.فَأَقُولُ:رِدُوا إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ رِوَاءً مَرْوِيِّينَ،مُبْيَضَّةً وُجُوهُكُمْ»ثُمَّ تَلاَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ): يَوْمَ تَبْيَضُّ وُجُوهٌ وَ تَسْوَدُّ وُجُوهٌ فَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ اسْوَدَّتْ وُجُوهُهُمْ أَ كَفَرْتُمْ بَعْدَ إِيمٰانِكُمْ فَذُوقُوا الْعَذٰابَ بِمٰا كُنْتُمْ تَكْفُرُونَ* وَ أَمَّا الَّذِينَ ابْيَضَّتْ وُجُوهُهُمْ فَفِي رَحْمَتِ اللّٰهِ هُمْ فِيهٰا خٰالِدُونَ .
99-/1881: Ali ibn Ibrahim said: My father narrated to me, from Safwan ibn Yahya, from Abu al-Jarud, from ‘Imran ibn Haytham, from Malik ibn Dhamrah, from Abu Dharr (may Allah have mercy on him), who said: When this verse was revealed: On the day when some faces shall turn white and some faces shall turn black, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: “My community will come to me on the Day of Resurrection under five banners: A banner with the ‘Calf’ of this community. I will ask them: What did you do with the Two Weighty Things after me? They will say: As for the Greater, we altered it and cast it behind our backs; and as for the Lesser, we showed enmity to it, hated it, and wronged it. So I will say: Return to the Fire, thirsty, parched, with your faces blackened. Then a banner will come to me with the ‘Pharaoh’ of this community, and I will say to them: What did you do with the Two Weighty Things after me? They will say: As for the Greater, we distorted it, tore it apart, and opposed it; and as for the Lesser, we showed enmity to it and fought it. So I will say: Return to the Fire, thirsty, parched, with your faces blackened. Then a banner will come to me with the ‘Samaritan’ of this community, and I will say to them: What did you do with the Two Weighty Things after me? They will say: As for the Greater, we disobeyed it and abandoned it; and as for the Lesser, we let it down and neglected it [and we did to it every ugly thing]. So I will say: Return to the Fire, thirsty, parched, with your faces blackened. Then the banner of Dhu al-Thudayya will come to me with the first and the last of the Khawarij, and I will ask them: What did you do with the Two Weighty Things after me? They will say: As for the Greater, we tore it up and disavowed it; and as for the Lesser, we fought it and killed it. So I will say: Return to the Fire [1], thirsty, parched, with your faces blackened. Then a banner will come to me with the Imam of the Godwary, the Master of the Successors [2], the Leader of the people with shining limbs, the legatee of the Messenger of the Lord of the worlds. I will say to them: What did you do with the Two Weighty Things after me? They will say: As for the Greater, we followed it and obeyed it; and as for the Lesser, we loved it, showed loyalty to it, supported it, and aided it until our blood was shed for them. So I will say: Return to the Garden, satiated and well-watered, with your faces whitened.” Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) recited: On the day when some faces shall turn white and some faces shall turn black; then as to those whose faces turn black: Did you disbelieve after your believing? Taste then the chastisement because you disbelieved. And as to those whose faces turn white, they shall be in Allah's mercy; in it they shall abide.
قوله تعالى:
كُنْتُمْ خَيْرَ أُمَّةٍ أُخْرِجَتْ لِلنّٰاسِ تَأْمُرُونَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَ تَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ
Reference: Al ‘Imran 3:110 (M. H. Shakir)
You are the best of the nations raised up for (the benefit of) men; you enjoin what is right and forbid the wrong and believe in Allah; and if the followers of the Book had believed it would have been better for them; of them are believers and most of them are transgressors.
99-/1882 _1- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي،عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ،عَنِ ابْنِ سِنَانٍ،قَالَ: قُرِئَتْ عِنْدَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): كُنْتُمْ خَيْرَ أُمَّةٍ أُخْرِجَتْ لِلنّٰاسِ الْآيَةَ،فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«خَيْرَ أُمَّةٍ يَقْتُلُونَ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ الْحَسَنَ وَ الْحُسَيْنَ ابْنَيْ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)؟!».
فَقَالَ الْقَارِئُ:جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ،كَيْفَ نَزَلَتْ؟قَالَ:«نَزَلَتْ(كُنْتُمْ خَيْرَ أَئِمَّةٍ أُخْرِجَتْ لِلنَّاسِ)أَ لاَ تَرَى مَدْحَ اللَّهِ لَهُمْ تَأْمُرُونَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَ تَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَ تُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللّٰهِ ؟».
99-/1882: Ali ibn Ibrahim said: My father narrated to me, from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr, from Ibn Sinan, who said: This verse was recited in the presence of Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him): You are the best nation raised up for mankind. Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) said: “The best nation—who kill the Commander of the Faithful and al-Hasan and al-Husayn, the two sons of ‘Ali (peace be upon them)?!” The reciter said: May I be your ransom, how was it revealed? He said: “It was revealed as: You are the best Imams raised up for mankind. Do you not see His praise of them: You enjoin what is right and forbid what is wrong and believe in Allah?”
99-/1883 _2- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «فِي قِرَاءَةِ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)«كُنْتُمْ خَيْرَ أَئِمَّةٍ أُخْرِجَتْ لِلنَّاسِ»-قَالَ-:هُمْ آلُ مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)».
99-/1883: Al-‘Ayyashi: From Hammad ibn ‘Isa, from some of his companions, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), who said: “In the recitation of ‘Ali (peace be upon him): You are the best Imams raised up for mankind.” He said: “They are the Family of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family).”
99-/1884 _3- أَبُو بَصِيرٍ،عَنْهُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ:قَالَ: «إِنَّمَا أُنْزِلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)فِيهِ وَ فِي الْأَوْصِيَاءِ خَاصَّةً،فَقَالَ:(كُنْتُمْ [1] خَيْرَ أَئِمَّةٍ أُخْرِجَتْ لِلنَّاسِ تَأْمُرُونَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَ تَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ)هَكَذَا وَ اللَّهِ نَزَلَ بِهَا جَبْرَئِيلُ،وَ مَا عَنَى بِهَا إِلاَّ مُحَمَّداً وَ أَوْصِيَاءَهُ(صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ)».
99-/1884: Abu Basir, from him (peace be upon him), said: He said: “This verse was revealed to Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) about him and about the legatees in particular. He said: (You are [1] the best Imams raised up for mankind, you enjoin what is right and forbid what is wrong). By Allah, Jibril brought it down thus, and he meant none by it except Muhammad and his legatees (blessings of Allah be upon them).”
99-/1885 _4- عَنْ أَبِي عَمْرٍو الزُّبَيْرِيِّ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: كُنْتُمْ خَيْرَ أُمَّةٍ أُخْرِجَتْ لِلنّٰاسِ تَأْمُرُونَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَ تَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ .
قَالَ:«يَعْنِي الْأُمَّةَ الَّتِي وَجَبَتْ لَهَا دَعْوَةُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،فَهُمُ الْأُمَّةُ الَّتِي بَعَثَ اللَّهُ فِيهَا وَ مِنْهَا وَ إِلَيْهَا،وَ هُمُ الْأُمَّةُ الْوُسْطَى،وَ هُمْ خَيْرُ أُمَّةٍ أُخْرِجَتْ لِلنَّاسِ».
99-/1885: From Abu ‘Amr al-Zubayri, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), regarding Allah’s saying: You are the best nation raised up for mankind; you enjoin what is right and forbid what is wrong. He said: “It means the nation for whom the supplication of Ibrahim (peace be upon him) became incumbent. They are the nation among whom Allah sent [the Messenger], from whom and to whom [he was sent]. They are the middle nation, and they are the best nation raised up for mankind.”
قوله تعالى:
-إلى قوله تعالى:- وَ ضُرِبَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الْمَسْكَنَةُ[110-112]
Reference: Al ‘Imran 3:111-112 (M. H. Shakir)
They shall by no means harm you but with a slight evil; and if they fight with you they will show you their backs, then they shall not be helped. Abasement is made to cleave to them wherever they are found, except under a covenant with Allah and a covenant with men; and they are laden with the wrath of Allah, and abasement is made to cleave to them; this is because they disbelieved in the communications of Allah and killed the prophets wrongfully; this is because they disobeyed and exceeded the limits.
99-/1886 _5-و قال عليّ بن إبراهيم،في قوله تعالى: ضُرِبَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الذِّلَّةُ أَيْنَ مٰا ثُقِفُوا إِلاّٰ بِحَبْلٍ مِنَ اللّٰهِ وَ حَبْلٍ مِنَ النّٰاسِ وَ بٰاؤُا بِغَضَبٍ مِنَ اللّٰهِ :يعني بعهد من اللّه و عهد من رسول اللّه(صلّى اللّه عليه و آله)،و قد مر في تفسير قوله تعالى: وَ اعْتَصِمُوا بِحَبْلِ اللّٰهِ جَمِيعاً [2]معنى الحبل من اللّه:كتابه،و الحبل من الناس:وصي رسول اللّه(صلّى اللّه عليه و آله) وَ ضُرِبَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الْمَسْكَنَةُ :الجوع.
99-/1886: And ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim said, regarding His saying: Abasement is made to cleave to them wherever they are found, except under a covenant with Allah and a covenant with men, and they incurred wrath from Allah: It means a covenant from Allah and a covenant from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family). It has already passed in the exegesis of His saying: And hold fast by the covenant of Allah all together [2] that the meaning of “the rope from Allah” is His Book, and “the rope from men” is the legatee of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family). And “poverty is laid upon them” means hunger.
99-/1887 _6- ابْنُ شَهْرَآشُوبَ:عَنِ الْبَاقِرِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ضُرِبَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الذِّلَّةُ أَيْنَ مٰا ثُقِفُوا إِلاّٰ بِحَبْلٍ مِنَ اللّٰهِ قَالَ:
«حَبْلٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ:كِتَابُ اللَّهِ [1]،وَ حَبْلٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ:عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)».
99-/1887: Ibn Shahrashub: From al-Baqir (peace be upon him) regarding: Abasement is made to cleave to them wherever they are found, except under a covenant with Allah. He said: “The rope from Allah is the Book of Allah [1], and the rope from men is ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him).”
99-/1888 _7- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ،عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا،رَفَعُوهُ إِلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِهِ: إِلاّٰ بِحَبْلٍ مِنَ اللّٰهِ وَ حَبْلٍ مِنَ النّٰاسِ .قَالَ:«الْحَبْلُ مِنَ اللَّهِ:كِتَابُ اللَّهِ،وَ الْحَبْلُ مِنَ النَّاسِ:هُوَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)».
99-/1888: Al-‘Ayyashi: From Yunus ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman, from a group of our companions, raising it to Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), regarding His saying: Except under a covenant with Allah and a covenant with men. He said: “The rope from Allah is the Book of Allah, and the rope from men is ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him).”
قوله تعالى:
ذٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ كٰانُوا يَكْفُرُونَ بِآيٰاتِ اللّٰهِ وَ يَقْتُلُونَ الْأَنْبِيٰاءَ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ ذٰلِكَ بِمٰا عَصَوْا وَ كٰانُوا يَعْتَدُونَ -إلى قوله تعالى:- عَضُّوا عَلَيْكُمُ الْأَنٰامِلَ مِنَ الْغَيْظِ[112-119]
Reference: Al ‘Imran 3:112-119 (M. H. Shakir)
112: Abasement is made to cleave to them wherever they are found, except under a covenant with Allah and a covenant with men; and they are laden with the wrath of Allah, and abasement is made to cleave to them; this is because they disbelieved in the communications of Allah and killed the prophets wrongfully; this is because they disobeyed and exceeded the limits. 113: They are not all alike; of the followers of the Book there is an upright party; they recite Allah's communications in the nighttime and they adore (Him). 114: They believe in Allah and the last day, and they enjoin what is right and forbid what is wrong, and they strive with one another in hastening to good deeds, and those are among the good. 115: And whatever good they do, they shall not be denied it, and Allah knows those who guard (against evil). 116: (As for) those who disbelieve, surely neither their wealth nor their children shall avail them in the least against Allah, and these are the inmates of the fire; therein they shall abide. 117: The likeness of what they spend in this life of the world is as the likeness of wind in which is intense cold that smites the harvest of a people who are unjust to themselves and destroys it; and Allah is not unjust to them, but they are unjust to themselves. 118: O you who believe! do not take for intimates from among others than your own people; they do not fall short in causing you loss; they love what distresses you; vehement hatred has already appeared from out of their mouths, and what their breasts conceal is greater still; indeed, We have made the communications clear to you, if you will understand. 119: Lo! you are they who will love them while they do not love you, and you believe in the Book (i.e., all of it); and when they meet you they say, “We believe,” and when they are alone they bite the ends of their fingers in rage against you. Say: Die in your rage; surely Allah knows what is in the breasts.
99-/1889 _1- أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْبَرْقِيُّ:عَنْ عُثْمَانَ،عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ،عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: وَ يَقْتُلُونَ الْأَنْبِيٰاءَ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ .فَقَالَ:«أَمَا وَ اللَّهِ مَا قَتَلُوهُمْ بِالسَّيْفِ،وَ لَكِنْ أَذَاعُوا سِرَّهُمْ وَ أَفْشَوْا عَلَيْهِمْ فَقُتِلُوا».
وَ رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ،عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ،عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى،بِبَقِيَّةِ السَّنَدِ وَ الْمَتْنِ [2].
99-/1889: Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid al-Barqi: From ‘Uthman, from Sama‘ah, from Abu Basir, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), regarding Allah’s saying: And they kill the prophets wrongfully. He said: “By Allah, they did not kill them with the sword; rather, they divulged their secret and exposed them, so they were killed.” And it was narrated by Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub, from a number of our companions, from Ahmad ibn Abi ‘Abdillah, from ‘Uthman ibn ‘Isa, with the remainder of the chain and the text [2].
99-/1890 _2- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،وَ تَلاَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: ذٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ كٰانُوا يَكْفُرُونَ بِآيٰاتِ اللّٰهِ وَ يَقْتُلُونَ الْأَنْبِيٰاءَ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ ذٰلِكَ بِمٰا عَصَوْا وَ كٰانُوا يَعْتَدُونَ .قَالَ:«وَ اللَّهِ مَا ضَرَبُوهُمْ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ، وَ لاَ قَتَلُوهُمْ بِأَسْيَافِهِمْ وَ لَكِنْ سَمِعُوا أَحَادِيثَهُمْ وَ أَسْرَارَهُمْ فَأَذَاعُوهَا فَأُخِذُوا عَلَيْهَا فَقُتِلُوا،فَصَارَ قَتْلاً وَ اعْتِدَاءً وَ مَعْصِيَةً».
99-/1890: Al-‘Ayyashi: From Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), and he recited this verse: That is because they disbelieved in the communications of Allah and killed the prophets wrongfully; that is because they disobeyed and exceeded the limits. He said: “By Allah, they did not strike them with their hands, nor did they kill them with their swords; but they heard their reports and their secrets and divulged them; they were seized for that and killed. Thus it became killing, aggression, and disobedience.”
/1891 _3-و قال عليّ بن إبراهيم،في قوله تعالى: وَ مٰا يَفْعَلُوا مِنْ خَيْرٍ فَلَنْ يُكْفَرُوهُ :أي لن يجحدوه. ثم ضرب للكفار،و من ينفق [3] ماله في غير طاعة اللّه مثلا،فقال: مَثَلُ مٰا يُنْفِقُونَ فِي هٰذِهِ الْحَيٰاةِ الدُّنْيٰا كَمَثَلِ رِيحٍ فِيهٰا صِرٌّ
أي برد أَصٰابَتْ حَرْثَ قَوْمٍ ظَلَمُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ فَأَهْلَكَتْهُ أي زرعهم وَ مٰا ظَلَمَهُمُ اللّٰهُ وَ لٰكِنْ أَنْفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ .
99-/1891: And ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim said, regarding His saying: And whatever good they do, they shall not be denied it: that is, it will not be rejected. Then He set forth a parable for the disbelievers and for whoever spends [3] his wealth not in obedience to Allah: The likeness of what they spend in this world’s life is as the likeness of wind in which is intense cold—meaning, cold—that smote the tilth of a people who wronged themselves and destroyed it, meaning their crops. And Allah did them no injustice, but they do injustice to themselves.
و قوله تعالى: يٰا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لاٰ تَتَّخِذُوا بِطٰانَةً مِنْ دُونِكُمْ نزلت في اليهود لاٰ يَأْلُونَكُمْ خَبٰالاً أي عداوة. و قوله تعالى: عَضُّوا عَلَيْكُمُ الْأَنٰامِلَ مِنَ الْغَيْظِ قال:أطراف الأصابع.
And His saying, the Exalted: O you who believe! do not take for intimates from among others than your own people—was revealed about the Jews. “They do not fall short in causing you loss” means enmity. And His saying: they bite the ends of their fingers in rage against you—he said: the tips of the fingers.
قوله تعالى:
وَ إِذْ غَدَوْتَ مِنْ أَهْلِكَ تُبَوِّئُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مَقٰاعِدَ لِلْقِتٰالِ وَ اللّٰهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ[121]
Reference: Al ‘Imran 3:121 (M. H. Shakir)
And when you went forth early in the morning from your family, to lodge the believers in encampments for war; and Allah is Hearing, Knowing.
99-/1892 _1- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي،عَنْ صَفْوَانَ،عَنِ ابْنِ مُسْكَانَ،عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: «سَبَبُ نُزُولِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ أَنَّ قُرَيْشاً خَرَجَتْ مِنْ مَكَّةَ تُرِيدُ حَرْبَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،فَخَرَجَ يَبْتَغِي مَوْضِعاً لِلْقِتَالِ».
99-/1892: ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim said: My father narrated to me, from Safwan, from Ibn Maskan, from Abu Basir, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), who said: “The reason this verse was revealed is that Quraysh left Mecca intending war against the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family), so he went out seeking a location for battle.”
99-/1893 _2- ابْنُ شَهْرَآشُوبَ: فِي شَوَّالٍ غَزَاةِ أُحُدٍ-وَ هُوَ يَوْمُ الْمِهْرَاسِ [1]-قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَ مُجَاهِدٌ وَ قَتَادَةُ وَ الرَّبِيعُ وَ السُّدِّيُّ وَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ،نَزَلَ قَوْلُهُ: وَ إِذْ غَدَوْتَ مِنْ أَهْلِكَ فِيهَا، وَ هُوَ الْمَرْوِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ).
99-/1893: Ibn Shahrashub: In Shawwal was the expedition of Uhud—which is the Day of al-Mihras [1]. Ibn ‘Abbas, Mujahid, Qatadah, al-Rabi‘, al-Suddi, and Ibn Ishaq said: His saying: And when you went forth early from your family was revealed about it, and this is what is narrated from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him).
99-/1894 _3- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنِ الصَّادِقِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)وَ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ: لَمَّا قَصَدَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ فِي ثَلاَثَةِ آلاَفٍ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)وَ يُقَالُ:فِي أَلْفَيْنِ.مِنْهُمْ مِائَتَا فَارِسٍ،وَ الْبَاقُونَ رَكْبٌ،لَهُمْ سَبْعُمِائَةِ دِرْعٍ».
99-/1894: And from him: from al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) and Ibn Mas‘ud: When Abu Sufyan set out with three thousand from Quraysh toward the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family)—and it is said: with two thousand—among them two hundred cavalry, and the rest mounted, and they had seven hundred coats of mail.
قوله تعالى:
إِذْ هَمَّتْ طٰائِفَتٰانِ مِنْكُمْ أَنْ تَفْشَلاٰ[122]
Reference: Al ‘Imran 3:122 (M. H. Shakir)
When two parties from among you had determined that they should show cowardice, and Allah was the guardian of them both; and in Allah should the believers trust.
99-/1895 _4-علي بن إبراهيم:نزلت في عبد اللّه بن أبي و قوم من أصحابه اتبعوا رأيه في ترك الخروج،و القعود عن نصرة رسول اللّه(صلّى اللّه عليه و آله).
99-/1895: ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim: It was revealed about ‘Abdullah ibn Ubayy and a group of his companions who followed his opinion in refraining from going out and sitting back from supporting the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family).
Footnotes:
_1) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:109.
-Tafsir al-Qummi 1:109.
[1] (إلى)ليس في المصدر.
-(ilā) laysa fī al-masdar.
[2] في«ط»:المسلمين.
-fī “T”: al-muslimīn.
_1) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:110.
-Tafsir al-Qummi 1:110.
_2) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:128/195.
-Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:128/195.
_3) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:129/195.
-Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:129/195.
_4) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:130/195.
-Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:130/195.
_5) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:110.
-Tafsir al-Qummi 1:110.
_6) -المناقب 3:75.
-al-Manāqib 3:75.
[1] في«ط»:أنتم.
-fī “T”: antum.
[2] تقدم في الأحاديث(2-10)من تفسير الآية(103)من سورة آل عمران.
-taqaddama fī al-ahādīth (2-10) min tafsīr al-āyah (103) min Sūrat Āl ‘Imrān.
_7) -تفسير العيّاشيّ 1:131/196.
-Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:131/196.
_1) -المحاسن:290/256.
-al-Mahāsin: 290/256.
_2) -تفسير العيّاشيّ 1:132/196.
-Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:132/196.
_3) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:110.
-Tafsir al-Qummi 1:110.
[1] (قال:حبل من اللّه كتاب اللّه)ليس في المصدر.
-(qāla: hablun mina Allāh kitābu Allāh) laysa fī al-masdar.
[2] الكافي 2:7/275،و فيه:ما قتلوهم بأسيافهم.
-al-Kāfī 2:7/275, wa fīhi: mā qatalūhum bi-as-yāfihim.
[3] في المصدر:من أنفق.
-fī al-masdar: man anfaqa.
_1) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:110.
-Tafsir al-Qummi 1:110.
_2) -المناقب 1:191.
-al-Manāqib 1:191.
_3) -مناقب ابن شهر آشوب 1:191.
-Manāqib Ibn Shahr Āshūb 1:191.
_4) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:110.
-Tafsir al-Qummi 1:110.
[1] المهراس:اسم ماء بأحد،و يوم المهراس:يوم أحد.
-al-Mihrās: ismu mā’in bi-Uhud, wa Yawmu al-Mihrās: Yawmu Uhud.