Hadiths of Sheikh Al-Mufid in Al-Ikhtisas

أحاديث الشيخ المفيد في(الاختصاص)

99-/7401 _19- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنْ يُونُسَ،عَنْ رَجُلٍ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، قَالَ:ذُكِرَ الْمُحَدَّثُ عِنْدَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،فَقَالَ: «إِنَّهُ يَسْمَعُ الصَّوْتَ وَ لاَ يَرَى الشَّخْصَ». فَقُلْتُ لَهُ:جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ،كَيْفَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ كَلاَمُ الْمَلَكِ؟قَالَ:«إِنَّهُ يُعْطَى السَّكِينَةَ وَ الْوَقَارَ حَتَّى يَعْلَمَ أَنَّهُ كَلاَمُ الْمَلَكِ».

99-/7401 _19- And from him: from ‘Ali b. Ibrahim, from Muhammad b. ‘Isa, from Yunus, from a man, from Muhammad b. Muslim, who said: The “one spoken to (muhaddath)” was mentioned in the presence of Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), and he said: “He hears the voice but does not see the person.” I said to him: May I be your ransom, how does he know that it is the speech of an angel? He said: “He is granted calm and dignity until he knows that it is the speech of the angel.”

99-/7402 _20- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ،عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى، عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ الْمُخْتَارِ،عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ،عَنْ حُمْرَانَ بْنِ أَعْيَنَ،قَالَ:قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «إِنَّ عَلِيّاً(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)كَانَ مُحَدَّثاً». فَخَرَجْتُ إِلَى أَصْحَابِي،فَقُلْتُ:جِئْتُكُمْ بِعَجِيبَةٍ.فَقَالُوا:وَ مَا هِيَ؟قُلْتُ:سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يَقُولُ: «كَانَ عَلِيٌّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)مُحَدَّثاً»فَقَالُوا:مَا صَنَعْتَ شَيْئاً،أَلاَّ سَأَلْتَهُ مَنْ كَانَ يُحَدِّثُهُ؟ فَرَجَعْتُ إِلَيْهِ،فَقُلْتُ:إِنِّي حَدَّثْتُ أَصْحَابِي بِمَا حَدَّثْتَنِي،فَقَالُوا:مَا صَنَعْتَ شَيْئاً،أَلاَّ سَأَلْتَهُ مَنْ كَانَ يُحَدِّثُهُ؟ فَقَالَ لِي:«يُحَدِّثُهُ مَلَكٌ»قُلْتُ:تَقُولُ:«إِنَّهُ نَبِيٌّ؟»قَالَ:فَحَرَّكَ يَدَهُ هَكَذَا:«أَوْ كَصَاحِبِ سُلَيْمَانَ،أَوْ كَصَاحِبِ مُوسَى، أَوْ كَذِي الْقَرْنَيْنِ،أَ وَ مَا بَلَغَكُمْ أَنَّهُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ:وَ فِيكُمْ مِثْلُهُ؟».

99-/7402 _20- And from him: from Muhammad b. Yahya, from Ahmad b. Muhammad, from al-Husayn b. Sa‘id, from Hammad b. ‘Isa, from al-Husayn b. al-Mukhtar, from al-Harith b. al-Mughirah, from Humran b. A‘yan, who said: Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) said: “Indeed ‘Ali (peace be upon him) was one spoken to (muhaddath).” I went out to my companions and said: I have brought you something astonishing. They said: What is it? I said: I heard Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) say: “‘Ali (peace be upon him) was a muhaddath.” They said: You have done nothing; why did you not ask him who spoke to him? So I returned to him and said: I told my companions what you told me, and they said: You have done nothing; why did you not ask him who spoke to him? He said to me: “An angel speaks to him.” I said: Do you say he is a prophet? He moved his hand like this and said: “Or like the companion of Sulayman, or like the companion of Musa, or like Dhu ’l-Qarnayn. Has it not reached you that he (peace be upon him) said: ‘And among you is one like him?’”

99-/7403 _21- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حَسَّانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ الْهَاشِمِيِّ،عَنْ مَرْوَانَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ،عَنْ بُرَيْدٍ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ،وَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ:«وَ مَا أَرْسَلْنَا مِنْ قَبْلِكَ مِنْ رَسُولٍ وَ لاَ نَبِيٍّ وَ لاَ مُحَدَّثٍ». قُلْتُ:جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ،لَيْسَ هَذِهِ قِرَاءَتَنَا،فَمَا الرَّسُولُ،وَ النَّبِيُّ،وَ الْمُحَدَّثُ؟قَالَ:«الرَّسُولُ:اَلَّذِي يَظْهَرُ لَهُ الْمَلَكُ،وَ يُكَلِّمُهُ.وَ النَّبِيُّ:هُوَ الَّذِي يَرَى فِي مَنَامِهِ،وَ رُبَّمَا اجْتَمَعَتِ النُّبُوَّةُ وَ الرِّسَالَةُ لِوَاحِدٍ.وَ الْمُحَدَّثُ:اَلَّذِي يَسْمَعُ الصَّوْتَ وَ لاَ يَرَى الصُّورَةَ». قَالَ:قُلْتُ:أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ،كَيْفَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّ الَّذِي رَأَى فِي النَّوْمِ حَقٌّ،وَ أَنَّهُ مِنَ الْمَلَكِ؟قَالَ:«يُوَفَّقُ لِذَلِكَ [1] حَتَّى يَعْرِفَهُ،وَ لَقَدْ خَتَمَ اللَّهُ بِكِتَابِكُمُ الْكُتُبَ،وَ خَتَمَ بِنَبِيِّكُمُ الْأَنْبِيَاءَ».

99-/7403 _21- And from him: from Ahmad b. Muhammad and Muhammad b. Yahya, from Muhammad b. al-Husayn, from ‘Ali b. Hassan, from Ibn Faddal, from ‘Ali b. Ya‘qub al-Hashimi, from Marwan b. Muslim, from Burayd, from Abu Ja‘far and Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon them both), regarding His saying, Mighty and Majestic: “And We did not send before you any messenger, nor any prophet, nor any one spoken to (muhaddath).” I said: May I be your ransom, this is not our recitation. Then what is the messenger, the prophet, and the muhaddath? He said: “The messenger is the one to whom the angel appears and speaks to him. The prophet is he who sees [the truth] in his sleep; and sometimes prophethood and messengership are combined in one person. And the muhaddath is the one who hears the voice but does not see the form.” He said: I said: May God set you aright, how does he know that what he saw in sleep is true and that it is from the angel? He said: “He is granted success for that [1] until he recognizes it. And indeed God has sealed the books with your Book and sealed the prophets with your Prophet.”

أحاديث الشيخ المفيد في(الإختصاص)

99-/7404 _22- أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى:عَنْ أَبِيهِ،وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْبَرْقِيِّ،وَ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ،عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ،عَنْ بُرَيْدِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ الْعِجْلِيِّ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنِ الرَّسُولِ،وَ النَّبِيِّ،وَ الْمُحَدَّثِ. فَقَالَ:«الرَّسُولُ:اَلَّذِي تَأْتِيهِ الْمَلاَئِكَةُ،وَ يُعَايِنُهُمْ،وَ تُبْلِغُهُ عَنِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى،وَ النَّبِيُّ:اَلَّذِي يَرَى فِي مَنَامِهِ،فَمَا رَأَى فَهُوَ كَمَا رَأَى،وَ الْمُحَدَّثُ:اَلَّذِي يَسْمَعُ الْكَلاَمَ-كَلاَمَ الْمَلاَئِكَةِ-يُنْقَرُ [1] فِي أُذُنِهِ،وَ يُنْكَتُ فِي قَلْبِهِ».

99-/7404 _22- Ahmad b. Muhammad b. ‘Isa: from his father, and Muhammad b. Khalid al-Barqi, and al-‘Abbas b. Ma‘ruf, from al-Qasim b. ‘Urwah, from Burayd b. Mu‘awiyah al-‘Ijli, who said: I asked Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) about the messenger, the prophet, and the muhaddath. He said: “The messenger is the one to whom the angels come; he beholds them and they convey to him from God, Exalted. The prophet is the one who sees [the truth] in his sleep; whatever he sees is as he saw. And the muhaddath is the one who hears the speech—the speech of the angels—tapped [1] into his ear and impressed upon his heart.”

99-/7405 _23- أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى:عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ،عَنْ ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ،عَنْ زُرَارَةَ، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: كٰانَ رَسُولاً نَبِيًّا [2]،قُلْتُ:مَا هُوَ الرَّسُولُ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ؟فَقَالَ: «النَّبِيُّ:هُوَ الَّذِي يَرَى فِي مَنَامِهِ،وَ يَسْمَعُ الصَّوْتَ،وَ لاَ يَرَى،وَ لاَ يُعَايِنُ الْمَلَكَ»ثُمَّ تَلاَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ:«وَ مَا أَرْسَلْنَا مِنْ قَبْلِكَ مِنْ رَسُولٍ وَ لاَ نَبِيٍّ وَ لاَ مُحَدَّثٍ».

99-/7405 _23- Ahmad b. Muhammad b. ‘Isa: from Ahmad b. Muhammad b. Abi Nasr, from Tha‘labah b. Maymun, from Zurara, who said: I asked Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) about the saying of God, Mighty and Majestic: “He was a messenger, a prophet” [2]. I said: What distinguishes a messenger from a prophet? He said: “The prophet is the one who sees [the truth] in his sleep and hears the voice, but does not see nor behold the angel.” Then he recited this verse: “And We did not send before you any messenger, nor any prophet, nor any one spoken to (muhaddath).”

(Quran 19:51, M. H. Shakir: And mention Musa in the Book; surely he was one purified, and he was an apostle, a prophet.)

(Quran 19:54, M. H. Shakir: And mention Ismail in the Book; surely he was truthful in [his] promise, and he was an apostle, a prophet.)

(Quran 22:52, M. H. Shakir: And We did not send before you any apostle or prophet, but when he desired, the Shaitan made a suggestion respecting his desire; but Allah annuls that which the Shaitan casts, then does Allah establish His communications, and Allah is Knowing, Wise.)

99-/7406 _24- الْهَيْثَمُ بْنُ أَبِي مَسْرُوقٍ النَّهْدِيُّ،وَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ هَاشِمٍ،عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ،قَالَ: كَتَبَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ الْمَعْرُوفِيُّ إِلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ،أَخْبِرْنِي،مَا الْفَرْقُ بَيْنَ الرَّسُولِ،وَ النَّبِيِّ، وَ الْإِمَامِ؟ قَالَ:فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ-أَوْ قَالَ لَهُ-:اَلْفَرْقُ بَيْنَ الرَّسُولِ وَ النَّبِيِّ وَ الْإِمَامِ،أَنَّ الرَّسُولَ:هُوَ الَّذِي يَنْزِلُ عَلَيْهِ جَبْرَئِيلُ، فَيَرَاهُ،وَ يُكَلِّمُهُ وَ يَسْمَعُ كَلاَمَهُ،وَ يَنْزِلُ عَلَيْهِ الْوَحْيُ،وَ رُبَّمَا أُتِيَ فِي مَنَامِهِ،نَحْوَ رُؤْيَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ).وَ النَّبِيُّ:رُبَّمَا سَمِعَ الْكَلاَمَ،وَ رُبَّمَا رَأَى الشَّخْصَ وَ لَمْ يَسْمَعِ الْكَلاَمَ.وَ الْإِمَامُ:هُوَ الَّذِي يَسْمَعُ الْكَلاَمَ،وَ لاَ يَرَى الشَّخْصَ».

99-/7406 _24- Al-Haytham b. Abi Masruq al-Nahdi and Ibrahim b. Hashim, from Isma‘il b. Mihran, who said: Al-Hasan b. al-‘Abbas al-Ma‘rufi wrote to Abu ’l-Hasan al-Rida (peace be upon him): May I be your ransom, inform me: what is the difference between the messenger, the prophet, and the Imam? He said: So he wrote to him—or said to him: “The difference between the messenger, the prophet, and the Imam is that the messenger is the one upon whom Jibril descends; he sees him, speaks to him and hears his speech, and revelation descends upon him—and sometimes [the angel] comes to him in his sleep, like the vision of Ibrahim (peace be upon him). The prophet may hear the speech, and may see the person but not hear the speech. And the Imam is the one who hears the speech but does not see the person.”

99-/7407 _25- إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الثَّقَفِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ [3]،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ، عَنْ زُرَارَةَ بْنِ أَعْيَنَ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى:«وَ مَا أَرْسَلْنَا مِنْ قَبْلِكَ مِنْ رَسُولٍ وَ لاَ نَبِيٍّ وَ لاَ مُحَدَّثٍ». فَقَالَ:«الرَّسُولُ:اَلَّذِي يَأْتِيهِ جَبْرَئِيلُ قُبُلاً فَيُكَلِّمُهُ،فَيَرَاهُ كَمَا يَرَى الرَّجُلُ صَاحِبَهُ.وَ أَمَّا النَّبِيُّ:فَهُوَ الَّذِي يُؤْتَى فِي مَنَامِهِ،نَحْوَ رُؤْيَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،وَ نَحْوَ مَا كَانَ يَرَى مُحَمَّدٌ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،وَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَجْتَمِعُ لَهُ الرِّسَالَةُ وَ النُّبُوَّةُ،وَ كَانَ مُحَمَّدٌ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)مِمَّنْ جُمِعَتْ لَهُ الرِّسَالَةُ وَ النُّبُوَّةُ.وَ أَمَّا الْمُحَدَّثُ:فَهُوَ الَّذِي يَسْمَعُ كَلاَمَ الْمَلَكِ وَ لاَ يَرَاهُ،وَ لاَ يَأْتِيهِ فِي الْمَنَامِ».

99-/7407 _25- Ibrahim b. Muhammad al-Thaqafi said: Isma‘il b. Bashshar [3] narrated to me, from ‘Ali b. Ja‘far al-Hadrami, from Zurara b. A‘yan, who said: I asked Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) about His saying, Exalted is He: “And We did not send before you any messenger, nor any prophet, nor any one spoken to (muhaddath).” He said: “The messenger is the one to whom Jibril comes openly and speaks to him; he sees him as a man sees his companion. As for the prophet, he is the one to whom [the angel] comes in his sleep—like the vision of Ibrahim (peace be upon him), and like what Muhammad (peace be upon him) used to see—and among them are those for whom both messengership and prophethood are combined; and Muhammad (may God bless him and his family) was among those for whom messengership and prophethood were combined. As for the muhaddath, he is the one who hears the speech of the angel but does not see him, and [the angel] does not come to him in his sleep.”

99-/7408 _26- وَ عَنْهُ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْحَضْرَمِيُّ،عَنْ سُلَيْمِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ الشَّامِيِّ،أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عَلِيّاً(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يَقُولُ: «إِنِّي وَ أَوْصِيَائِي مِنْ وُلْدِي أَئِمَّةٌ مُهْتَدُونَ [1]،كُلُّنَا مُحَدَّثُونَ». قُلْتُ:يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ،مَنْ هُمْ؟قَالَ:«الْحَسَنُ،وَ الْحُسَيْنُ،ثُمَّ ابْنِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ-قَالَ:وَ عَلِيٌّ يَوْمَئِذٍ رَضِيعٌ-ثُمَّ ثَمَانِيَةٌ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ،وَاحِداً بَعْدَ وَاحِدٍ،وَ هُمُ الَّذِينَ أَقْسَمَ اللَّهُ بِهِمْ،فَقَالَ: وَ وٰالِدٍ وَ مٰا وَلَدَ [2]أَمَّا الْوَالِدُ فَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،وَ مَا وَلَدَ يَعْنِي هَؤُلاَءِ الْأَوْصِيَاءَ». فَقُلْتُ:يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ،أَ يَجْتَمِعُ إِمَامَانِ؟فَقَالَ:«لاَ،إِلاَّ وَ أَحَدُهُمَا صَامِتٌ،لاَ يَنْطِقُ حَتَّى يَمْضِيَ الْأَوَّلُ». قَالَ سَلِيمٌ الشَّامِيُّ:سَأَلْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ،فَقُلْتُ:أَ كَانَ عَلِيٌّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)مُحَدَّثاً؟فَقَالَ:نَعَمْ.قُلْتُ:وَ هَلْ يُحَدِّثُ الْمَلاَئِكَةُ الْأَئِمَّةَ؟فَقَالَ أَ وَ مَا تَقْرَأُ:«وَ مَا أَرْسَلْنَا مِنْ قَبْلِكَ مِنْ رَسُولٍ وَ لاَ نَبِيٍّ وَ لاَ مُحَدَّثٍ؟ قُلْتُ:فَأَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)مُحَدَّثٌ؟فَقَالَ:نَعَمْ،وَ فَاطِمَةُ(عَلَيْهَا السَّلاَمُ)كَانَتْ مُحَدَّثَةً،وَ لَمْ تَكُنْ نَبِيَّةً.

99-/7408 _26- And from him, he said: Isma‘il b. Bashshar narrated to me; he said: ‘Ali b. Ja‘far al-Hadrami narrated to me, from Sulaym b. Qays al-Shami, that he heard ‘Ali (peace be upon him) say: “Indeed I and my legatees from my progeny are rightly guided Imams [1], all of us are muhaddathun.” I said: O Commander of the Faithful, who are they? He said: “Al-Hasan and al-Husayn, then my son ‘Ali b. al-Husayn”—he said: and ‘Ali at that time was an infant—“then eight after him, one after another; and they are those by whom God swore, when He said: ‘And [by] the begetter and whom he begot’ [2]. As for the begetter, it is the Messenger of God (may God bless him and his family), and whom he begot means these legatees.” I said: O Commander of the Faithful, can two Imams be together? He said: “No, except that one of them is silent, not speaking until the first passes.” Sulaym al-Shami said: I asked Muhammad b. Abi Bakr, and said: Was ‘Ali (peace be upon him) a muhaddath? He said: Yes. I said: Do the angels speak to the Imams? He said: Do you not recite: “And We did not send before you any messenger, nor any prophet, nor any one spoken to (muhaddath)”? I said: Then the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) is a muhaddath? He said: Yes; and Fatimah (peace be upon her) was one spoken to (muhaddathah), and she was not a prophet.

7409 _27- ابن شهر آشوب:قرأ ابن عبّاس:«و ما أرسلنا من قبلك من رسول و لا نبي و لا محدث».

7409 _27- Ibn Shahr Ashub: Ibn ‘Abbas recited: “And We did not send before you any messenger, nor any prophet, nor any one spoken to (muhaddath).”

7410 _28- و عن سليم،قال:سمعت محمّد بن أبي بكر قرأ:«و ما أرسلنا من قبلك من رسول و لا نبي و لا محدث». قلت:و هل تحدث الملائكة إلاّ الأنبياء؟قال:نعم،مريم،و لم تكن نبية و كانت محدثة؛و أم موسى كانت محدثة و لم تكن نبية؛و سارة قد عاينت الملائكة،فبشروها بإسحاق،و من وراء إسحاق يعقوب،و لم تكن نبية؛ و فاطمة(عليها السلام)كانت محدثة،و لم تكن نبية.

7410 _28- And from Sulaym, he said: I heard Muhammad b. Abi Bakr recite: “And We did not send before you any messenger, nor any prophet, nor any one spoken to (muhaddath).” I said: Do the angels speak to any but the prophets? He said: Yes—Maryam, and she was not a prophet but was one spoken to; and the mother of Musa was one spoken to and was not a prophet; and Sarah beheld the angels, who gave her the glad tidings of Ishaq, and after Ishaq, Ya‘qub, and she was not a prophet; and Fatimah (peace be upon her) was one spoken to and was not a prophet.

99-/7411 _29- الطَّبْرِسِيُّ فِي(الْإِحْتِجَاجِ)فِي حَدِيثٍ عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «فَذَكَرَ عَزَّ ذِكْرُهُ لِنَبِيِّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)مَا يُحْدِثُهُ عَدُوُّهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ،بِقَوْلِهِ: وَ مٰا أَرْسَلْنٰا مِنْ قَبْلِكَ مِنْ رَسُولٍ وَ لاٰ نَبِيٍّ إِلاّٰ إِذٰا تَمَنّٰى أَلْقَى الشَّيْطٰانُ فِي أُمْنِيَّتِهِ فَيَنْسَخُ اللّٰهُ مٰا يُلْقِي الشَّيْطٰانُ ثُمَّ يُحْكِمُ اللّٰهُ آيٰاتِهِ يَعْنِي أَنَّهُ مَا مِنْ نَبِيٍّ يَتَمَنَّى مُفَارَقَةَ مَا يُعَايِنُهُ مِنْ نِفَاقِ قَوْمِهِ وَ عُقُوقِهِمْ،وَ الاِنْتِقَالَ عَنْهُمْ إِلَى دَارِ الْإِقَامَةِ،إِلاَّ أَلْقَى الشَّيْطَانُ الْمُعْرِضُ بِعَدَاوَتِهِ-عِنْدَ فَقْدِهِ- فِي الْكِتَابِ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْهِ ذَمَّهُ،وَ الْقَدْحَ فِيهِ،وَ الطَّعْنَ عَلَيْهِ،فَيَنْسَخُ اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ مِنْ قُلُوبِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَلاَ تَقْبَلُهُ،وَ لاَ تُصْغِي إِلَيْهِ غَيْرُ قُلُوبِ الْمُنَافِقِينَ وَ الْجَاهِلِينَ،وَ يُحْكِمُ اللَّهُ آيَاتِهِ بِأَنْ يَحْمِيَ أَوْلِيَاءَهُ مِنَ الضَّلاَلِ وَ الْعُدْوَانِ،وَ مُتَابَعَةِ أَهْلِ الْكُفْرِ وَ الطُّغْيَانِ،الَّذِينَ لَمْ يَرْضَ اللَّهُ أَنْ يَجْعَلَهُمْ كَالْأَنْعَامِ،حَتَّى قَالَ: بَلْ هُمْ أَضَلُّ سَبِيلاً [3]».

99-/7411 _29- Al-Tabrisi in al-Ihtijaj, in a report from the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him), said: “He, Glorified be His remembrance, informed His Prophet (may God bless him and his family) about what his enemy would introduce into his Book after him, by His saying: ‘And We did not send before you any messenger nor any prophet but when he desired, Satan made a suggestion respecting his desire; but Allah annuls what Satan casts, then Allah establishes His signs’—meaning that there is no prophet who wishes to part from what he witnesses of his people’s hypocrisy and disobedience, and to move away from them to the Abode of Permanence, except that Satan—averted, in his enmity—upon his loss, casts into the book that was sent down to him slander of him, disparagement of him, and taunting of him. Then God effaces that from the hearts of the believers so they do not accept it nor incline to it—other than the hearts of the hypocrites and the ignorant. And God establishes His signs by protecting His friends from misguidance and aggression and following the people of disbelief and tyranny—those whom God did not consent to make like cattle, until He said: ‘Nay! they are in worse errors’ [3].”

(Quran 22:52, M. H. Shakir: And We did not send before you any apostle or prophet, but when he desired, the Shaitan made a suggestion respecting his desire; but Allah annuls that which the Shaitan casts, then does Allah establish His communications, and Allah is Knowing, Wise.)

(Quran 25:44, M. H. Shakir: Or do you think that most of them do hear or understand? They are nothing but as cattle; nay, they are in worse errors.)

قوله تعالى:

وَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَ كَذَّبُوا بِآيٰاتِنٰا -إلى قوله تعالى- إِنَّ اللّٰهَ لَعَلِيمٌ حَلِيمٌ [57-59]

/7412 _1-علي بن إبراهيم،في قوله تعالى: وَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَ كَذَّبُوا بِآيٰاتِنٰا قال:و لم يؤمنوا بولاية أمير المؤمنين و الأئمة(عليهم السلام) فَأُولٰئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذٰابٌ مُهِينٌ .ثم ذكر النبيّ [1] و المهاجرين من أصحاب النبيّ(صلّى اللّه عليه و آله)،فقال: وَ الَّذِينَ هٰاجَرُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللّٰهِ ثُمَّ قُتِلُوا أَوْ مٰاتُوا لَيَرْزُقَنَّهُمُ اللّٰهُ رِزْقاً حَسَناً -إلى قوله- لَعَلِيمٌ حَلِيمٌ .

/7412 _1- ‘Ali b. Ibrahim, regarding His saying: “And (as for) those who disbelieve and reject Our communications … surely Allah is Knowing, Forbearing” [57–59], said: and they did not believe in the wilayah of the Commander of the Faithful and the Imams (peace be upon them)—“so these it is for whom is an abasing chastisement.” Then He mentioned the Prophet [1] and the emigrants from among the Prophet’s companions (may Allah bless him and his family), and said: “And (as for) those who fly for Allah’s sake, then are slain or die, Allah will most certainly grant them a goodly sustenance … surely He is Knowing, Forbearing.”

(Quran 22:57–59, M. H. Shakir:

22:57 And (as for) those who disbelieve and reject Our communications, these it is who shall have a disgraceful chastisement.

22:58 And (as for) those who fly for Allah’s sake, then are slain or die, Allah will most certainly grant them a goodly sustenance; and most surely Allah is the best of providers.

22:59 He will certainly cause them to enter a place of entrance which they shall be well pleased with, and most surely Allah is Knowing, Forbearing.)

99-/7413 _2- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ هَمَّامٍ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ،عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ دَاوُدَ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ الَّذِينَ هٰاجَرُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللّٰهِ ثُمَّ قُتِلُوا أَوْ مٰاتُوا إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: إِنَّ اللّٰهَ لَعَلِيمٌ حَلِيمٌ . قَالَ:«نَزَلَتْ فِي أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)خَاصَّةً».

99-/7413 _2- Muhammad b. al-‘Abbas said: Muhammad b. Hammam narrated to us, from Muhammad b. Isma‘il, from ‘Isa b. Dawud, from Musa b. Ja‘far, from his father (peace be upon them both), regarding the saying of God, Mighty and Majestic: “And (as for) those who fly for Allah’s sake, then are slain or die … surely Allah is Knowing, Forbearing,” he said: “It was revealed specifically about the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him).”

(Quran 22:58–59, M. H. Shakir:

22:58 And (as for) those who fly for Allah’s sake, then are slain or die, Allah will most certainly grant them a goodly sustenance; and most surely Allah is the best of providers.

22:59 He will certainly cause them to enter a place of entrance which they shall be well pleased with, and most surely Allah is Knowing, Forbearing.)

قوله تعالى:

ذٰلِكَ وَ مَنْ عٰاقَبَ بِمِثْلِ مٰا عُوقِبَ بِهِ ثُمَّ بُغِيَ عَلَيْهِ لَيَنْصُرَنَّهُ اللّٰهُ إِنَّ اللّٰهَ لَعَفُوٌّ غَفُورٌ [60]

/7414 _3-علي بن إبراهيم:فهو رسول اللّه(صلّى اللّه عليه و آله)،لما أخرجته قريش من مكّة،و هرب منهم إلى الغار،و طلبوه ليقتلوه،فعاقبهم اللّه يوم بدر،فقتل عتبة،و شيبة،و الوليد،و أبو جهل،و حنظلة بن أبي سفيان و غيرهم،فلما قبض رسول اللّه(صلّى اللّه عليه و آله)طلب بدمائهم،فقتل الحسين(عليه السلام)،و آل محمد(عليهم السلام)بغيا و عدوانا،و هو قول يزيد،حين تمثل بهذا الشعر: ليت أشياخي ببدر شهدوا جزع الخزرج من وقع الأسل [2]

/7414 _3- ‘Ali b. Ibrahim: It refers to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family), when Quraysh expelled him from Mecca and he fled from them to the cave, and they sought him to kill him. Then Allah requited them on the Day of Badr, and ‘Utbah, Shaybah, al-Walid, Abu Jahl, Hanzalah b. Abi Sufyan and others were killed. When the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) passed away, they sought vengeance for their blood, so al-Husayn (peace be upon him) and the Family of Muhammad (peace be upon them) were killed in tyranny and aggression—and it is the saying of Yazid, when he cited this verse of poetry: “Would that my elders at Badr had witnessed the panic of the Khazraj at the strike of the spears” [2].

(Quran 22:60, M. H. Shakir: That (shall be so); and whoever retaliates with the like of what he has suffered, and then he is oppressed, Allah will certainly aid him; surely Allah is Pardoning, Forgiving.)

المراجع:

_19) -الكافي 1:4/213. - al-Kafi 1:4/213.

_20) -الكافي 1:5/213. - al-Kafi 1:5/213.

_21) -الكافي 1:4/135. - al-Kafi 1:4/135.

_22) -الاختصال:328. - al-Ikhtisal: 328.

[1] في«ط»نسخة بدل:يوقع علم ذلك. - fi “T” nuskha badal: yuwqa‘ ‘ilmu dhalik.

_23) -الإختصاص:328. - al-Ikhtisas: 328.

_24) -الإختصاص:328. - al-Ikhtisas: 328.

_25) -الإختصاص:329. - al-Ikhtisas: 329.

_26) -الإختصاص:329. - al-Ikhtisas: 329.

[1] في«ح،ي»يوقر. - fi “H, Y”: yuwqir.

[2] مريم 19:51 و 54. - Maryam 19:51 wa 54.

[3] في المصدر:يسار،و كذلك في الحديث الآتي. - fi ’l-masdar: Yasar; wa kadhalika fi ’l-hadith al-ati.

_27) -المناقب 3:336. - al-Manaqib 3:336.

_28) -المناقب 3:336. - al-Manaqib 3:336.

_29) -الإحتجاج:257. - al-Ihtijaj: 257.

[1] في«ط»نسخة بدل:مهدتون. - fi “T” nuskha badal: mahdutun.

[2] البلد 90:3. - al-Balad 90:3.

[3] الفرقان 25:44. - al-Furqan 25:44.

_1) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:86. - Tafsir al-Qummi 2:86.

_2) -تأويل الآيات 1:35/348. - Ta’wil al-Ayat 1:35/348.

_3) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:86. - Tafsir al-Qummi 2:86.

[1] في المصدر:أمير المؤمنين. - fi ’l-masdar: Amir al-Mu’minin.

[2] الأسل:الرماح. - al-asl: al-rimah.