Al-Hajj Ayah 73

الحجّ آيه 73

جَمَعَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،ثُمَّ قَالَ:يَا مَعَاشِرَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَ الْأَنْصَارِ،إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ: لِكُلِّ أُمَّةٍ جَعَلْنٰا مَنْسَكاً هُمْ نٰاسِكُوهُ وَ الْمَنْسَكُ هُوَ الْإِمَامُ لِكُلِّ أُمَّةٍ بَعْدَ نَبِيِّهَا،حَتَّى يُدْرِكَهُ نَبِيٌّ،أَلاَ وَ إِنَّ لُزُومَ الْإِمَامِ وَ طَاعَتَهُ هُوَ الدِّينُ،وَ هُوَ الْمَنْسَكُ،وَ هُوَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)إِمَامُكُمْ بَعْدِي،فَإِنِّي أَدْعُوكُمْ إِلَى هُدَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ عَلَى هُدًى مُسْتَقِيمٍ.فَقَامَ الْقَوْمُ يَتَعَجَّبُونَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ،وَ يَقُولُونَ:وَ اللَّهِ إِذَنْ لَنُنَازِعَنَّ الْأَمْرَ،وَ لاَ نَرْضَى طَاعَتَهُ أَبَداً،وَ إِنْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)الْمَفْتُونَ بِهِ.فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ ادْعُ إِلىٰ رَبِّكَ إِنَّكَ لَعَلىٰ هُدىً مُسْتَقِيمٍ* وَ إِنْ جٰادَلُوكَ فَقُلِ اللّٰهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمٰا تَعْمَلُونَ* اَللّٰهُ يَحْكُمُ بَيْنَكُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيٰامَةِ فِيمٰا كُنْتُمْ فِيهِ تَخْتَلِفُونَ* أَ لَمْ تَعْلَمْ أَنَّ اللّٰهَ يَعْلَمُ مٰا فِي السَّمٰاءِ وَ الْأَرْضِ إِنَّ ذٰلِكَ فِي كِتٰابٍ إِنَّ ذٰلِكَ عَلَى اللّٰهِ يَسِيرٌ ».

Translation:

The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) gathered them and then said: O community of Emigrants and Helpers, indeed Allah, the Exalted, says: “For every nation We appointed acts of devotion which they observe,” and the mansak (rite) is the Imam for every nation after its prophet, until a prophet should reach him. Behold, adherence to the Imam and obedience to him—that is the religion, and that is the mansak. And ‘Ali son of Abi Talib (peace be upon him) is your Imam after me. I call you to his guidance, for he is upon a straight guidance. The people stood up in astonishment at that and said: By Allah, then we shall dispute the matter and never be pleased with his obedience, even if the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) is infatuated with him. So Allah, Mighty and Majestic, sent down: “And call to your Lord; most surely you are on a right way. And if they contend with you, say: Allah best knows what you do. Allah will judge between you on the day of resurrection respecting that in which you differ. Do you not know that Allah knows what is in the heaven and the earth? Surely this is in a Book; indeed that is easy to Allah.”

Qur’anic references and translation (M. H. Shakir):

22:67 لِكُلِّ أُمَّةٍ جَعَلْنٰا مَنْسَكًا هُمْ نَاسِكُوهُ فَلَا يُنَازِعُنَّكَ فِي الْأَمْرِ وَادْعُ إِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ إِنَّكَ لَعَلَىٰ هُدًى مُسْتَقِيمٌ

To every nation We appointed acts of devotion which they observe, so let them not dispute with you concerning the matter, and call to your Lord; most surely you are on a right way.

22:68 وَإِنْ جَادَلُوكَ فَقُلِ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ

And if they contend with you, say: Allah best knows what you do.

22:69 اللَّهُ يَحْكُمُ بَيْنَكُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فِيمَا كُنْتُمْ فِيهِ تَخْتَلِفُونَ

Allah will judge between you on the day of resurrection respecting that in which you differ.

22:70 أَلَمْ تَعْلَمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ مَا فِي السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ إِنَّ ذَٰلِكَ فِي كِتَابٍ إِنَّ ذَٰلِكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ يَسِيرٌ

Do you not know that Allah knows what is in the heaven and the earth? Surely this is in a book; indeed that is easy to Allah.

قوله تعالى:

وَ إِذٰا تُتْلىٰ عَلَيْهِمْ آيٰاتُنٰا بَيِّنٰاتٍ تَعْرِفُ فِي وُجُوهِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا الْمُنْكَرَ يَكٰادُونَ يَسْطُونَ بِالَّذِينَ يَتْلُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ آيٰاتِنٰا قُلْ أَ فَأُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِشَرٍّ مِنْ ذٰلِكُمُ النّٰارُ وَعَدَهَا اللّٰهُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَ بِئْسَ الْمَصِيرُ [72]

Translation (M. H. Shakir) [22:72]:

And when Our clear communications are recited to them you will recognize disdain in the faces of those who disbelieve; almost they rush on those who recite to them Our communications. Say: Shall I inform you of what is worse than this? The fire; Allah has promised it to those who disbelieve; and bad is the resort.

99-/7418

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ هَمَّامٍ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْعَلَوِيُّ،عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ دَاوُدَ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا الْإِمَامُ مُوسَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ إِذٰا تُتْلىٰ عَلَيْهِمْ آيٰاتُنٰا بَيِّنٰاتٍ تَعْرِفُ فِي وُجُوهِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا الْمُنْكَرَ يَكٰادُونَ يَسْطُونَ بِالَّذِينَ يَتْلُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ آيٰاتِنٰا الْآيَةَ.

قَالَ:«كَانَ الْقَوْمُ إِذَا نَزَلَتْ فِي أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)آيَةٌ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ،فِيهَا فَرْضُ طَاعَتِهِ،أَوْ فَضِيلَةٌ فِيهِ،أَوْ فِي أَهْلِهِ سَخِطُوا ذَلِكَ،وَ كَرِهُوا،حَتَّى هَمُّوا بِهِ،وَ أَرَادُوا بِهِ الْعَظِيمَ،وَ أَرَادُوا بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)أَيْضاً لَيْلَةَ الْعَقَبَةِ،غَيْظاً،وَ حَنَقاً،وَ غَضَباً،وَ حَسَداً،حَتَّى نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ».

99-/7418 - Muhammad b. al-‘Abbas said: Muhammad b. Hammam narrated to us, who said: Muhammad b. Isma‘il al-‘Alawi narrated to us, from ‘Isa b. Dawud, who said: Imam Musa b. Ja‘far, from his father (peace be upon them), regarding the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: “And when Our clear communications are recited to them…” [22:72], said: When a verse was revealed in the Book of Allah about the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) that contained the obligation of obeying him, or a virtue concerning him, or concerning his household, the people were angered by that and disliked it, to the point that they plotted against him and intended a grave matter against him; and they also intended something against the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) on the Night of the ‘Aqabah—out of rage, rancor, anger, and envy—until this verse was revealed.

قوله تعالى:

يٰا أَيُّهَا النّٰاسُ ضُرِبَ مَثَلٌ -إلى قوله تعالى- ضَعُفَ الطّٰالِبُ وَ الْمَطْلُوبُ [73]

Translation (M. H. Shakir) [22:73]:

O people! a parable is set forth, therefore listen to it: surely those whom you call upon besides Allah cannot create a fly, though they should all gather for it, and should the fly carry off something from them, they could not take it back from it; weak are the invoker and the invoked.

و قال عليّ بن إبراهيم:ثم احتج اللّه عزّ و جلّ على قريش،و الملحدين الذين يعبدون غير اللّه،

Translation:

And ‘Ali b. Ibrahim said: Then Allah, Mighty and Majestic, argued against Quraysh and the atheists who worship other than Allah.

_1) تأويل الآيات 1:38/350.

- Ta’wīl al-Āyāt 1:38/350.

_2) تفسير القمّيّ 2:87.

- Tafsīr al-Qummī 2:87.

[1] في«ط»:العزم.

- Fī “Ṭ”: al-‘azm.

فقال: يٰا أَيُّهَا النّٰاسُ ضُرِبَ مَثَلٌ فَاسْتَمِعُوا لَهُ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللّٰهِ يعني الأصنام لَنْ يَخْلُقُوا ذُبٰاباً وَ لَوِ اجْتَمَعُوا لَهُ وَ إِنْ يَسْلُبْهُمُ الذُّبٰابُ شَيْئاً لاٰ يَسْتَنْقِذُوهُ مِنْهُ ضَعُفَ الطّٰالِبُ وَ الْمَطْلُوبُ يعني الذباب.

Translation:

He said: “O people! a parable is set forth, therefore listen to it: surely those whom you call upon besides Allah”—meaning the idols—“cannot create a fly, though they should all gather for it; and should the fly carry off something from them, they could not take it back from it; weak are the invoker and the invoked”—meaning the fly.

99-/7420

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى،عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ،عَنِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَامِرٍ،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ رِزْقٍ الْغُمْشَانِيِّ،عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْأَشَلِّ بَيَّاعِ الْأَنْمَاطِ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «كَانَتْ قُرَيْشٌ تُلَطِّخُ الْأَصْنَامَ الَّتِي كَانَتْ حَوْلَ الْكَعْبَةِ بِالْمِسْكِ وَ الْعَنْبَرِ،وَ كَانَ يَغُوثُ قِبَالَ الْبَابِ،وَ كَانَ يَعُوقُ عَنْ يَمِينِ الْكَعْبَةِ،وَ كَانَ نَسْرٌ عَنْ يَسَارِهَا،وَ كَانُوا إِذَا دَخَلُوا،خَرُّوا سُجَّداً لِيَغُوثَ،وَ لاَ يَنْحَنُونَ،ثُمَّ يَسْتَدِيرُونَ بِحِيَالِهِمْ إِلَى يَعُوقَ،ثُمَّ يَسْتَدِيرُونَ بِحِيَالِهِمْ إِلَى نَسْرٍ،ثُمَّ يُلَبُّونَ،فَيَقُولُونَ:لَبَّيْكَ اللَّهُمَّ لَبَّيْكَ،لَبَّيْكَ لاَ شَرِيكَ لَكَ،إِلاَّ شَرِيكٌ هُوَ لَكَ،تَمْلِكُهُ وَ مَا مَلَكَ».

قَالَ:«فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ ذُبَاباً أَخْضَرَ،لَهُ أَرْبَعَةُ أَجْنِحَةٍ،فَلَمْ يُبْقِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْمِسْكِ وَ الْعَنْبَرِ شَيْئاً إِلاَّ أَكَلَهُ،فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: يٰا أَيُّهَا النّٰاسُ ضُرِبَ مَثَلٌ فَاسْتَمِعُوا لَهُ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللّٰهِ لَنْ يَخْلُقُوا ذُبٰاباً وَ لَوِ اجْتَمَعُوا لَهُ وَ إِنْ يَسْلُبْهُمُ الذُّبٰابُ شَيْئاً لاٰ يَسْتَنْقِذُوهُ مِنْهُ ضَعُفَ الطّٰالِبُ وَ الْمَطْلُوبُ ».

99-/7420 - Muhammad b. Ya‘qub: from Muhammad b. Yahya, from some of his companions, from al-‘Abbas b. ‘Amir, from Ahmad b. Rizq al-Ghumshani, from ‘Abd al-Rahman b. al-Ashal, the blanket-seller, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), who said: Quraysh used to smear the idols that were around the Ka‘bah with musk and ambergris. Yaghuth was opposite the door, Ya‘uq was to the right of the Ka‘bah, and Nasr was to its left. When they entered, they would fall prostrate to Yaghuth without bending (to anything else), then they would turn in their positions to Ya‘uq, then turn in their positions to Nasr; then they would recite the talbiyah, saying: “Here I am, O Allah, here I am; here I am, You have no partner—except a partner who belongs to You; You own him and what he owns.” He said: So Allah sent a green fly with four wings, and it did not leave anything of that musk and ambergris except that it consumed it. Then Allah, Mighty and Majestic, sent down: “O people! a parable is set forth, therefore listen to it: surely those whom you call upon besides Allah cannot create a fly, though they should all gather for it; and should the fly carry off something from them, they could not take it back from it; weak are the invoker and the invoked.” [22:73, M. H. Shakir]

قوله تعالى:

اَللّٰهُ يَصْطَفِي مِنَ الْمَلاٰئِكَةِ رُسُلاً وَ مِنَ النّٰاسِ [75]

Translation (M. H. Shakir) [22:75]:

Allah chooses messengers from among the angels and from among the men; surely Allah is Hearing, Seeing.

99-/7421

علي بن إبراهيم:أي يختار،و هو:جبرئيل،و ميكائيل،و إسرافيل،و ملك الموت،و من الناس:

الأنبياء،و الأوصياء؛فمن الأنبياء:نوح،و إبراهيم،و موسى،و عيسى،و محمد(صلّى اللّه عليهم أجمعين)،و من هؤلاء الخمسة:رسول اللّه(صلّى اللّه عليه و آله)؛و من الأوصياء؛أمير المؤمنين،و الأئمة(عليهم السلام).و فيه تأويل غير هذا.

99-/7421 - ‘Ali b. Ibrahim: That is, He chooses; and [the chosen angels] are Jibril, Mika’il, Israfil, and the Angel of Death; and among men: the prophets and the legatees. Of the prophets: Nuh, Ibrahim, Musa, ‘Isa, and Muhammad (may Allah bless them all), and of these five: the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family); and of the legatees: the Commander of the Faithful and the Imams (peace be upon them). And there is another interpretation besides this.

99-/7422

الطَّبْرِسِيُّ فِي(الْإِحْتِجَاجِ):عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي جَوَابِ سُؤَالِ زِنْدِيقٍ،قَالَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):

«أَمَّا قَوْلُ اللَّهِ: اَللّٰهُ يَتَوَفَّى الْأَنْفُسَ حِينَ مَوْتِهٰا [1]وَ قَوْلُهُ: يَتَوَفّٰاكُمْ مَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ [2]وَ تَوَفَّتْهُ رُسُلُنٰا [3]وَ تَتَوَفّٰاهُمُ الْمَلاٰئِكَةُ طَيِّبِينَ [4]وَ اَلَّذِينَ تَتَوَفّٰاهُمُ الْمَلاٰئِكَةُ ظٰالِمِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ [5]فَهُوَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى،أَجَلُّ وَ أَعْظَمُ مِنْ أَنْ يَتَوَلَّى ذَلِكَ بِنَفْسِهِ،وَ فِعْلُ رُسُلِهِ وَ مَلاَئِكَتِهِ فِعْلُهُ،لِأَنَّهُمْ بِأَمْرِهِ يَعْمَلُونَ،فَاصْطَفَى جَلَّ ذِكْرُهُ مِنَ

99-/7422 - Al-Tabrisi in (al-Ihtijaj), from the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him), in answer to a question from a heretic, said (peace be upon him): As for Allah’s saying: “Allah takes the souls at the time of their death” [39:42], and His saying: “The angel of death who is given charge of you shall cause you to die” [32:11], and “Our messengers cause him to die” [6:61], and “Those whom the angels cause to die while they are good” [16:32], and “Those whom the angels cause to die while they are unjust to themselves” [16:28]—He, Blessed and Exalted, is too majestic and too great to undertake that Himself directly; and the action of His messengers and His angels is His action, because they act by His command. So He, exalted is His remembrance, chose from among…

_1) الكافي 4:11/542.

- al-Kāfī 4:11/542.

_2) تفسير القمّيّ 2:87.

- Tafsīr al-Qummī 2:87.

_3) الإحتجاج:247.

- al-Iḥtijāj: 247.

[1] الزمر 39:42.

- al-Zumar 39:42.

Translation (M. H. Shakir): Allah takes the souls at the time of their death, and those that die not during their sleep; then He withholds those on whom He has passed the decree of death and sends the others back till an appointed term; most surely there are signs in this for a people who reflect.

[2] السجدة 32:11.

- al-Sajdah 32:11.

Translation (M. H. Shakir): Say: The angel of death who is given charge of you shall cause you to die, then to your Lord you shall be brought back.

[3] الأنعام 6:61.

- al-An‘ām 6:61.

Translation (M. H. Shakir): And He is the Supreme, above His servants, and He sends keepers over you; until when death comes to one of you, Our messengers cause him to die, and they are not remiss.

[4] النحل 16:32.

- al-Naḥl 16:32.

Translation (M. H. Shakir): Those whom the angels cause to die while they are good; they shall say: Peace be on you: enter the garden for what you did.

[5] النحل 16:28.

- al-Naḥl 16:28.

Translation (M. H. Shakir): Those whom the angels cause to die while they are unjust to themselves; then would they offer submission: We used not to do any evil. Nay! surely Allah knows what you did.