Al-Isra Ayah 47-51

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الْعَيَّاشِيُّ: عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فَذَكَرَ بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ فَقَالَ: «تَدْرِي مَا نَزَلَ فِي بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ؟» فَقُلْتُ: لاَ، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) كَانَ أَحْسَنَ النَّاسِ صَوْتاً بِالْقُرْآنِ، وَ كَانَ يُصَلِّي بِفِنَاءِ الْكَعْبَةِ فَرَفَعَ صَوْتَهُ، وَ كَانَ عُتْبَةُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ وَ شَيْبَةُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ وَ أَبُو جَهْلِ بْنُ هِشَامٍ وَ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْهُمْ يَسْمَعُونَ قِرَاءَتَهُ -قَالَ وَ كَانَ يُكْثِرُ قِرَاءَةَ بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ فَيَرْفَعُ بِهَا صَوْتَهُ- قَالَ -فَيَقُولُونَ: إِنَّ مُحَمَّداً لَيُرَدِّدُ اسْمَ رَبِّهِ تَرَدُّداً، إِنَّهُ لَيُحِبُّهُ، فَيَأْمُرُونَ مَنْ يَقُومُ فَيَسْتَمِعُ إِلَيْهِ، وَ يَقُولُونَ: إِذَا جَازَ بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ فَأَعْلِمْنَا حَتَّى نَقُومَ فَنَسْتَمِعَ قِرَاءَتَهُ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِي ذَلِكَ وَ إِذٰا ذَكَرْتَ رَبَّكَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ وَحْدَهُ -بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ- وَلَّوْا عَلىٰ أَدْبٰارِهِمْ نُفُوراً».

English: Al-‘Ayyashi: from Zayd b. ‘Ali, he said: I entered upon Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him). He mentioned “In the Name of Allah, the All-Beneficent, the All-Merciful,” and said: Do you know what was revealed concerning “In the Name of Allah, the All-Beneficent, the All-Merciful”? I said: No. He said: Indeed the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and his family) had the most beautiful voice in reciting the Qur’an. He would pray in the courtyard of the Ka‘bah and raise his voice. ‘Utbah b. Rabi‘ah, Shaybah b. Rabi‘ah, Abu Jahl b. Hisham, and a group among them would hear his recitation — and he would often recite “In the Name of Allah, the All-Beneficent, the All-Merciful,” raising his voice with it — so they would say: Muhammad repeatedly mentions his Lord’s Name again and again; he truly loves Him. They would appoint someone to stand and listen to him, and say: When he passes beyond “In the Name of Allah, the All-Beneficent, the All-Merciful,” inform us so that we may rise and listen to his recitation. Then Allah revealed about that: “And when you mention your Lord alone in the Qur’an — In the Name of Allah, the All-Beneficent, the All-Merciful — they turn their backs in aversion.”

Qur’an 17:46

وَجَعَلْنَا عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِمْ أَكِنَّةً أَنْ يَفْقَهُوهُ وَفِي آذَانِهِمْ وَقْرًا ۖ وَإِذَا ذَكَرْتَ رَبَّكَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ وَحْدَهُ وَلَّوْا عَلَىٰ أَدْبَارِهِمْ نُفُورًا

M. H. Shakir: And We have placed coverings on their hearts and a heaviness in their ears lest they understand it; and when you mention your Lord alone in the Quran, they turn their backs in aversion.

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عَنْ زُرَارَةَ، عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)، قَالَ فِي بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ. قَالَ: «هُوَ أَحَقُّ مَا جُهِرَ بِهِ، فَاجْهَرْ بِهِ [1]، وَ هِيَ الْآيَةُ الَّتِي قَالَ اللَّهُ: وَ إِذٰا ذَكَرْتَ رَبَّكَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ وَحْدَهُ -بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ- وَلَّوْا عَلىٰ أَدْبٰارِهِمْ نُفُوراً كَانَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ يَسْتَمِعُونَ إِلَى قِرَاءَةِ النَّبِيِّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)، فَإِذَا قَرَأَ بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ نَفَرُوا وَ ذَهَبُوا، فَإِذَا فَرَغَ مِنْهُ عَادُوا وَ تَسْمَعُوا».

English: From Zurārah, from one of the two (peace be upon them), regarding “In the Name of Allah, the All-Beneficent, the All-Merciful.” He said: It is most deserving to be recited aloud, so recite it aloud, and it is the verse in which Allah said: “And when you mention your Lord alone in the Qur’an — In the Name of Allah, the All-Beneficent, the All-Merciful — they turn their backs in aversion.” The polytheists used to listen to the recitation of the Prophet (Allah bless him and his family). When he recited “In the Name of Allah, the All-Beneficent, the All-Merciful,” they would shun it and go away; then when he finished, they would return and listen.

Qur’an 17:46

M. H. Shakir: And We have placed coverings on their hearts and a heaviness in their ears lest they understand it; and when you mention your Lord alone in the Quran, they turn their backs in aversion.

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عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) قَالَ: «كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) إِذَا صَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ جَهَرَ بِبِسْمِ اللّٰهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ فَتَخَلَّفَ مَنْ خَلْفَهُ مِنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ عَنِ الصُّفُوفِ، فَإِذَا جَازَهَا فِي السُّورَةِ عَادُوا إِلَى مَوَاضِعِهِمْ وَ قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ: إِنَّهُ لَيُرَدِّدُ اسْمَ رَبِّهِ تَرْدَاداً، إِنَّهُ لَيُحِبُّ رَبَّهُ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ وَ إِذٰا ذَكَرْتَ رَبَّكَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ وَحْدَهُ وَلَّوْا عَلىٰ أَدْبٰارِهِمْ نُفُوراً».

English: From Mansūr b. Hāzim, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him): The Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and his family), whenever he led the people in prayer, would recite aloud “In the Name of Allah, the All-Beneficent, the All-Merciful.” Those hypocrites who were behind him would lag behind from the rows; when he passed it in the surah, they returned to their places, and some of them said to others: He keeps repeating his Lord’s Name repeatedly; he truly loves his Lord. Then Allah revealed: “And when you mention your Lord alone in the Qur’an, they turn their backs in aversion.”

Qur’an 17:46

M. H. Shakir: And We have placed coverings on their hearts and a heaviness in their ears lest they understand it; and when you mention your Lord alone in the Quran, they turn their backs in aversion.

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عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ الثُّمَالِيِّ، قَالَ: قَالَ لِي أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «يَا ثُمَالِيُّ، إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ لَيَأْتِي قَرِينَ الْإِمَامِ فَيَسْأَلُهُ، هَلْ ذَكَرَ رَبَّهُ؟ فَإِنْ قَالَ: نَعَمْ؛ اكْتَسَعَ [2] فَذَهَبَ، وَ إِنْ قَالَ: لاَ؛ رَكِبَ عَلَى كَتِفَيْهِ، وَ كَانَ إِمَامَ الْقَوْمِ حَتَّى يَنْصَرِفُوا». قَالَ: قُلْتُ: جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ، وَ مَا مَعْنَى قَوْلِهِ: ذَكَرَ رَبَّهُ؟ قَالَ: «الْجَهْرُ بِبِسْمِ اللّٰهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ».

English: From Abu Hamzah al-Thumālī, he said: Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) said to me: O Thumālī, Satan comes to the companion of the imam (the prayer leader) and asks him: Has he mentioned his Lord? If he says: Yes, he recoils and goes away; but if he says: No, he rides on his shoulders and becomes the leader of the people until they finish. I said: May I be your ransom, what is the meaning of his saying “he mentioned his Lord”? He said: Reciting aloud “In the Name of Allah, the All-Beneficent, the All-Merciful.”

قوله تعالى:

نَحْنُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا يَسْتَمِعُونَ بِهِ إِذْ يَسْتَمِعُونَ إِلَيْكَ وَإِذْ هُمْ نَجْوَىٰ … قَرِيبًا [47-51]

Qur’an 17:47-51

نَحْنُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا يَسْتَمِعُونَ بِهِ إِذْ يَسْتَمِعُونَ إِلَيْكَ وَإِذْ هُمْ نَجْوَىٰ إِذْ يَقُولُ الظَّالِمُونَ إِنْ تَتَّبِعُونَ إِلَّا رَجُلًا مَسْحُورًا. انْظُرْ كَيْفَ ضَرَبُوا لَكَ الْأَمْثَالَ فَضَلُّوا فَلَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ سَبِيلًا. وَقَالُوا أَإِذَا كُنَّا عِظَامًا وَرُفَاتًا أَإِنَّا لَمَبْعُوثُونَ خَلْقًا جَدِيدًا. قُلْ كُونُوا حِجَارَةً أَوْ حَدِيدًا. أَوْ خَلْقًا مِمَّا يَكْبُرُ فِي صُدُورِكُمْ فَسَيَقُولُونَ مَنْ يُعِيدُنَا قُلِ الَّذِي فَطَرَكُمْ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ ۚ فَسَيُنْغِضُونَ إِلَيْكَ رُءُوسَهُمْ وَيَقُولُونَ مَتَىٰ هُوَ ۖ قُلْ عَسَىٰ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَرِيبًا

M. H. Shakir: We know best what they listen to when they listen to you, and when they confer in secret, when the unjust say: You follow none but a man deprived of reason. See what they liken you to! So they have gone astray and cannot find the way. And they say: What! when we shall have become bones and decayed particles, shall we then certainly be raised up, being a new creation? Say: Become stones or iron, Or some other creature of those which are too hard (to receive life) in your minds! Then they will say: Who will return us? Say: He who originated you at first; so they will shake their heads at you and say: When will it be? Say: Maybe it has drawn nigh.

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علي بن إبراهيم، في قوله تعالى: نَحْنُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا يَسْتَمِعُونَ بِهِ إِذْ يَسْتَمِعُونَ إِلَيْكَ وَإِذْ هُمْ نَجْوَىٰ يعني إذ هم في السر يقولون: هو ساحر؛ و هو قوله: إِذْ يَقُولُ الظَّالِمُونَ إِنْ تَتَّبِعُونَ إِلَّا رَجُلًا مَسْحُورًا. ثم حكى لرسول اللّه(صلّى اللّه عليه و آله) قول الدهرية، فقال: وَقَالُوا أَإِذَا كُنَّا عِظَامًا وَرُفَاتًا أَإِنَّا لَمَبْعُوثُونَ خَلْقًا جَدِيدًا. ثم قال لهم: قُلْ كُونُوا حِجَارَةً أَوْ حَدِيدًا أَوْ خَلْقًا مِمَّا يَكْبُرُ فِي صُدُورِكُمْ فَسَيَقُولُونَ مَنْ يُعِيدُنَا قُلِ الَّذِي فَطَرَكُمْ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ فَسَيُنْغِضُونَ إِلَيْكَ رُؤُسَهُمْ والنَّغْض: تحريك الرأس وَيَقُولُونَ مَتَى هُوَ قُلْ عَسَى أَنْ يَكُونَ قَرِيبًا.

English: ‘Alī b. Ibrāhīm, regarding His saying: “We know best what they listen to when they listen to you and when they confer in secret,” meaning that in private they say: He is a sorcerer; and this is His saying: “When the wrongdoers say: You follow none but a man bewitched.” Then He related to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) the saying of the materialists, so He said: “And they say: What! when we shall have become bones and decayed particles, shall we then certainly be raised up as a new creation?” Then He said to them: “Say: Become stones or iron, or some other creature which, in your minds, is even greater (in hardness).” Then they will say: “Who will return us?” Say: “He who originated you at first.” So they will nod their heads to you — and an-naghḍ means the movement of the head — and they will say: “When will it be?” Say: “Maybe it is near.”

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قَالَ: وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي الْجَارُودِ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) قَالَ: «الْخَلْقُ الَّذِي يَكْبُرُ فِي صُدُورِكُمْ: الْمَوْتُ».

English: He said: And in the narration of Abu al-Jārūd, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), he said: The “creation which is great in your minds” is death.

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الْعَيَّاشِيُّ: عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) قَالَ: «جَاءَ أُبَيُّ بْنُ خَلَفٍ، فَأَخَذَ عَظْماً بَالِياً مِنْ حَائِطٍ، فَفَتَّهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ، إِذَا كُنَّا عِظَاماً وَرُفَاتاً أَإِنَّا لَمَبْعُوثُونَ؟! فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ مَنْ يُحْيِ الْعِظَامَ وَهِيَ رَمِيمٌ قُلْ يُحْيِيهَا الَّذِي أَنْشَأَهَا أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ وَهُوَ بِكُلِّ خَلْقٍ عَلِيمٌ [1]».

English: Al-‘Ayyāshī: from al-Halabī, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), he said: Ubayy b. Khalaf came and took a decayed bone from a wall and crumbled it, then said: O Muhammad, when we become bones and dust, shall we indeed be resurrected? Then Allah revealed: “Who will give life to the bones when they are rotten? Say: He will give life to them Who brought them into existence at first, and He is cognizant of all creation.”

Qur’an 36:78-79

وَضَرَبَ لَنَا مَثَلًا وَنَسِيَ خَلْقَهُ قَالَ مَنْ يُحْيِ الْعِظَامَ وَهِيَ رَمِيمٌ. قُلْ يُحْيِيهَا الَّذِي أَنْشَأَهَا أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ وَهُوَ بِكُلِّ خَلْقٍ عَلِيمٌ

M. H. Shakir: And he strikes out a likeness for Us and forgets his own creation. Says he: Who will give life to the bones when they are rotten? Say: He will give life to them Who brought them into existence at first, and He is cognizant of all creation.

قوله تعالى:

وَقُلْ لِعِبَادِي يَقُولُوا الَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ … وَآتَيْنَا دَاوُودَ زَبُورًا [53-55]

Qur’an 17:53-55

وَقُلْ لِعِبَادِي يَقُولُوا الَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ ۚ إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ يَنْزَغُ بَيْنَهُمْ ۚ إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ كَانَ لِلْإِنْسَانِ عَدُوًّا مُبِينًا. رَبُّكُمْ أَعْلَمُ بِكُمْ ۖ إِنْ يَشَأْ يَرْحَمْكُمْ ۖ أَوْ إِنْ يَشَأْ يُعَذِّبْكُمْ ۚ وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَكِيلًا. وَرَبُّكَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۗ وَلَقَدْ فَضَّلْنَا بَعْضَ النَّبِيِّينَ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ ۖ وَآتَيْنَا دَاوُودَ زَبُورًا

M. H. Shakir: And say to My servants that they speak that which is best; surely the Shaitan sows dissensions among them; surely the Shaitan is an open enemy to man. Your Lord knows you best; if He please, He will have mercy on you, or if He please He will chastise you; and We have not sent you as being in charge of them. And your Lord best knows those who are in the heavens and the earth; and certainly We have made some of the prophets to excel others, and to Dawood We gave a scripture.

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وَ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: وَقُلْ لِعِبَادِي يَقُولُوا الَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ يَنْزَغُ بَيْنَهُمْ أَيْ يَدْخُلُ بَيْنَهُمْ وَيَحْمِلُهُم [2] عَلَى الْمَعَاصِي. قَالَ: وَقَوْلُهُ: رَبُّكُمْ أَعْلَمُ بِكُمْ إِنْ يَشَأْ يَرْحَمْكُمْ … إِلَى قَوْلِهِ زَبُورًا فَهُوَ مُحْكَمٌ.

English: And ‘Alī b. Ibrāhīm said, regarding His saying: “And say to My servants that they speak that which is best; surely the Satan sows dissensions among them,” meaning: he enters among them and incites them to sins. He said: And His saying: “Your Lord knows you best; if He please, He will have mercy on you …” up to His saying “Zabūrā (the Psalms),” this is muhkam (of clear, determinate meaning).

المراجع

_3) تفسير العيّاشي 2:85/295.

al-Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:85/295.

_4) تفسير العيّاشي 2:86/295.

al-Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:86/295.

_5) تفسير العيّاشي 2:87/295.

al-Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:87/295.

_6) تفسير العيّاشي 2:88/296.

al-Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:88/296.

_1) تفسير القمّيّ 2:20.

Tafsīr al-Qummī 2:20.

_2) تفسير القمّيّ 2:21.

Tafsīr al-Qummī 2:21.

_3) تفسير العيّاشي 2:89/296.

al-Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:89/296.

_4) تفسير القمّيّ 2:21.

Tafsīr al-Qummī 2:21.

الحواشي

[1] يس 36:78-79.

Yā Sīn 36:78-79.

[2] اكْتَسَعَ الفَحْلُ: خَطَرَ فَضَرَبَ فَخِذَيْهِ بِذَنَبِهِ. «القاموس المحيط - كَسَع - 3:81».

iktasa‘a al-fahl: khaṭara fa-ḍaraba fakhidhayhi bi-dhanabihi. “al-Qāmūs al-Muḥīṭ — kasa‘ — 3:81”.

[1] في «ط»: هو الحقّ فاجهر به.

fī “Ṭ”: huwa al-ḥaqqu, fajhar bih.

[2] في «س»: بحملهم، و في المصدر: و يحثّهم.

fī “S”: bi-ḥamlīhim, wa fī al-maṣdar: wa yaḥuththuhum.