S 29 Ayat 8 to 9
قوله تعالى:
وَ وَصَّيْنَا الْإِنْسٰانَ بِوٰالِدَيْهِ حُسْناً -إلى قوله تعالى- لَنُدْخِلَنَّهُمْ فِي الصّٰالِحِينَ [8-9]
And We have enjoined on man goodness to his parents; but if they contend with you that you should associate others with Me, of which you have no knowledge, then do not obey them. To Me is your return, so I will inform you of what you did. And (as for) those who believe and do good, We will most surely cause them to enter among the good.
/8239 _1-علي بن إبراهيم: وَ وَصَّيْنَا الْإِنْسٰانَ بِوٰالِدَيْهِ حُسْناً قال:هما اللذان ولداه.
ثمّ قال: وَ إِنْ جٰاهَدٰاكَ يعني الوالدين لِتُشْرِكَ بِي مٰا لَيْسَ لَكَ بِهِ عِلْمٌ فَلاٰ تُطِعْهُمٰا إِلَيَّ مَرْجِعُكُمْ فَأُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِمٰا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ* وَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَ عَمِلُوا الصّٰالِحٰاتِ لَنُدْخِلَنَّهُمْ فِي الصّٰالِحِينَ .
/8239 _1- ʿAlī ibn Ibrāhīm said regarding: (And We have enjoined on man goodness to his parents) He said: They are the two who gave birth to him.
Then he said regarding: (But if they contend with you) Meaning the parents, (that you should associate others with Me, of which you have no knowledge, then do not obey them) (To Me is your return, so I will inform you of what you did. And (as for) those who believe and do good, We will most surely cause them to enter among the good.) [Surah Al-ʿAnkabūt, 29:8-9, M. H. Shakir]
/8240 _2-ثم قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ:أَخْبَرَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ بِسْطَامَ بْنِ مُرَّةَ،عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ حَسَّانَ،عَنِ الْهَيْثَمِ بْنِ وَاقِدٍ،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ الْعَبْدِيِّ،عَنْ سَعْدٍ الْإِسْكَافِ،عَنِ الْأَصْبَغِ بْنِ نُبَاتَةَ ،أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: أَنِ اشْكُرْ لِي وَ لِوٰالِدَيْكَ إِلَيَّ الْمَصِيرُ [1].
قَالَ:«الْوَالِدَانِ اللَّذَانِ أَوْجَبَ اللَّهُ لَهُمَا الشُّكْرَ هُمَا اللَّذَانِ وَلَدَا الْعِلْمَ،وَ وَرَّثَا الْحُكْمَ [2]،وَ أَمَرَ النَّاسَ بِطَاعَتِهِمَا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: إِلَيَّ الْمَصِيرُ [3]،فَمَصِيرُ الْعِبَادِ إِلَى اللَّهِ،وَ الدَّلِيلُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ الْوَالِدَانِ،ثُمَّ عَطَفَ اللَّهُ الْقَوْلَ عَلَى ابْنِ حَنْتَمَةَ [4] وَ صَاحِبِهِ،فَقَالَ فِي الْخَاصِّ: وَ إِنْ جٰاهَدٰاكَ عَلىٰ أَنْ تُشْرِكَ بِي [5]يَقُولُ:فِي الْوَصِيَّةِ،وَ تَعْدِلَ عَمَّنْ أُمِرْتَ بِطَاعَتِهِ،فَلاَ تُطِعْهُمَا،وَ لاَ تَسْمَعْ قَوْلَهُمَا،ثُمَّ عَطَفَ الْقَوْلَ عَلَى الْوَالِدَيْنِ فَقَالَ: وَ صٰاحِبْهُمٰا فِي الدُّنْيٰا مَعْرُوفاً [6]،يَقُولُ:عَرِّفِ النَّاسَ فَضْلَهُمَا،وَ ادْعُ إِلَى سَبِيلِهِمَا،وَ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ: وَ اتَّبِعْ سَبِيلَ مَنْ أَنٰابَ إِلَيَّ ثُمَّ إِلَيَّ مَرْجِعُكُمْ [7]،قَالَ:إِلَى اللَّهِ ثُمَّ إِلَيْنَا،فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَ لاَ تَعْصُوا الْوَالِدَيْنِ،فَإِنَّ رِضَاهُمَا رِضَا اللَّهِ،وَ سَخَطَهُمَا سَخَطُ اللَّهِ».
**/8240 _2- Then ʿAlī ibn Ibrāhīm said: Al-Ḥusayn ibn Muḥammad narrated to us, from Muʿallā ibn Muḥammad, from Bisṭām ibn Murrah, from Isḥāq ibn Ḥassān, from al-Haytham ibn Wāqid, from ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn al-ʿAbdī, from Saʿd al-Iskāf, from al-Aṣbagh ibn Nubātah, who said:**
He asked the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) about the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic:
**أَنِ اشْكُرْ لِي وَ لِوٰالِدَيْكَ إِلَيَّ الْمَصِيرُ**
(Be grateful to Me and to both your parents; to Me is the eventual coming)
[Surah Luqmān, 31:14, M. H. Shakir]
He (peace be upon him) said:
“The two parents whom Allah has obligated gratitude towards are the two who gave birth to knowledge and inherited wisdom, and He commanded the people to obey them. Then He said:
**إِلَيَّ الْمَصِيرُ**
(To Me is the eventual coming)
Meaning: the return of the servants is to Allah, and the proof of that is through those two parents.
Then Allah turned the address towards Ibn Ḥantamah [1] and his companion, and He said specifically:
**وَ إِنْ جٰاهَدٰاكَ عَلىٰ أَنْ تُشْرِكَ بِي**
(And if they contend with you that you should associate others with Me)
[Surah Al-ʿAnkabūt, 29:8, M. H. Shakir]
Meaning: regarding the guardianship (waṣiyyah) and deviating from the one whom you were commanded to obey—then do not obey them, nor listen to their word.
Then He turned the address back to the parents and said:
**وَ صٰاحِبْهُمٰا فِي الدُّنْيٰا مَعْرُوفاً**
(And be kind to them in this world)
[Surah Luqmān, 31:15, M. H. Shakir]
Meaning: Make the people aware of their virtue, and call them to follow their path.
And that is His saying:
**وَ اتَّبِعْ سَبِيلَ مَنْ أَنٰابَ إِلَيَّ ثُمَّ إِلَيَّ مَرْجِعُكُمْ**
(And follow the way of him who turns to Me, then to Me is your return)
[Surah Luqmān, 31:15, M. H. Shakir]
He (peace be upon him) said: To Allah, then to us. So fear Allah and do not disobey the parents, for indeed their pleasure is the pleasure of Allah, and their anger is the anger of Allah.
99-/8241 _3- السَّيِّدُ الرَّضِيُّ فِي(الْخَصَائِصِ):بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ سَلَمَةَ [8] بْنِ كُهَيْلٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ، فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ:
وَ وَصَّيْنَا الْإِنْسٰانَ بِوٰالِدَيْهِ حُسْناً ،قَالَ:أَحَدُ الْوَالِدَيْنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ).
99-/8241 _3- Al-Sayyid al-Raḍī in (Al-Khaṣāʾiṣ), through his chain from Salamah ibn Kuhayl, from his father, regarding the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic:
(And We have enjoined on man goodness to his parents) [Surah Al-ʿAnkabūt, 29:8, M. H. Shakir]
He said: One of the two parents is ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib (peace be upon him).
_1) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:148.
_2) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:148.
_3) -خصائص الأئمة:70.
_4) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السلام):189/329.
[1] لقمان 31:14.
[2] في المصدر:الحلم.
[3] لقمان 31:14.
[4] في المصدر:ابن فلانة.
[5] لقمان 31:15.
[6] لقمان 31:15.
[7] لقمان 31:15.
[8] في جميع النسخ:سهل.راجع:تهذيب التهذيب 4:155،مجمع رجال الحديث 8:208.
[9] البقرة 2:83.
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99-/8242 _4- الْإِمَامُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: وَ بِالْوٰالِدَيْنِ إِحْسٰاناً [9]،قَالَ:«قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):أَفْضَلُ وَالِدَيْكُمْ وَ أَحَقُّهُمَا بِشُكْرِكُمْ مُحَمَّدٌ وَ عَلِيٌّ».
99-/8242 _4- Imām Abū Muḥammad al-ʿAskarī (peace be upon him), regarding the saying of Allah, the Exalted:
وَ بِالْوٰالِدَيْنِ إِحْسٰاناً
And show kindness to parents
[Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:83, M. H. Shakir]
He said: "The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) said: The most excellent of your parents and the most deserving of your gratitude are Muḥammad and ʿAlī."
/8243 _5-وقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)يَقُولُ: أَنَا وَ عَلِيٌّ أَبَوَا هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ،وَ لَحَقُّنَا عَلَيْهِمْ أَعْظَمُ مِنْ حَقِّ أَبَوَيْ وِلاَدَتِهِمْ،فَإِنَّا نُنْقِذُهُمْ-إِنْ أَطَاعُونَا-مِنَ النَّارِ إِلَى دَارِ الْقَرَارِ،وَ نُلْحِقُهُمْ مِنَ الْعُبُودِيَّةِ بِخِيَارِ الْأَحْرَارِ».
/8243 _5- ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib (peace be upon him) said:
"I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) say: I and ʿAlī are the two fathers of this Ummah, and our right over them is greater than the right of their biological parents. For indeed, if they obey us, we will deliver them from the Fire to the abode of permanence (Paradise), and elevate them from servitude to the rank of the best among the free."
/8244 _6-و قَالَتْ فَاطِمَةُ(صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهَا): «أَبَوَا هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ:مُحَمَّدٌ وَ عَلِيٌّ،يُقِيمَانِ أَوَدَهُمْ [1]،وَ يُنْقِذَانِهِمْ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ الدَّائِمِ،إِنْ أَطَاعُوهُمَا،وَ يُبِيحَانِهِمُ النَّعِيمَ الدَّائِمَ،إِنْ وَافَقُوهُمَا».
/8244 _6- Fāṭimah (peace be upon her) said:
"The two fathers of this Ummah are Muḥammad and ʿAlī. They straighten their crookedness, deliver them from eternal punishment if they obey them, and grant them everlasting bliss if they follow them."
/8245 _7-وقَالَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ): «مُحَمَّدٌ وَ عَلِيٌّ أَبَوَا هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ،فَطُوبَى لِمَنْ كَانَ بِحَقِّهِمَا عَارِفاً، وَ لَهُمَا فِي كُلِّ أَحْوَالِهِ مُطِيعاً،يَجْعَلُهُ اللَّهُ مِنْ أَفْضَلِ سُكَّانِ جِنَانِهِ،وَ يُسْعِدُهُ بِكَرَامَاتِهِ وَ رِضْوَانِهِ».
/8245 _7- Al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī (peace be upon them both) said:
"Muḥammad and ʿAlī are the two fathers of this Ummah. Glad tidings for the one who recognizes their right and obeys them in all circumstances—Allah will make him among the best dwellers of His Gardens and will bless him with His honors and His pleasure."
/8246 _8-وقَالَ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ): «مَنْ عَرَفَ حَقَّ أَبَوَيْهِ الْأَفْضَلَيْنِ:مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)، وَ أَطَاعَهُمَا حَقَّ الطَّاعَةِ قِيلَ لَهُ:تَبَحْبَحْ [2] فِي أَيِّ الْجِنَانِ شِئْتَ».
/8246 _8- Al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī (peace be upon them both) said:
"Whoever recognizes the right of his two most excellent fathers—Muḥammad and ʿAlī (peace be upon them both)—and obeys them with true obedience, it will be said to him: 'Roam freely and comfortably in whichever of the Gardens you wish.'"
/8247 _9-وقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ): «إِنْ كَانَ الْأَبَوَانِ إِنَّمَا عَظُمَ حَقُّهُمَا عَلَى الْأَوْلاَدِ لِإِحْسَانِهِمَا إِلَيْهِمْ،فَإِحْسَانُ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)إِلَى هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ أَجَلُّ وَ أَعْظَمُ،فَهُمَا بِأَنْ يَكُونَا أَبَوَيْهِمْ أَحَقُّ».
/8247 _9- ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn (peace be upon them both) said:
"If the greatness of the right of biological parents over their children is due to their kindness towards them, then indeed the kindness of Muḥammad and ʿAlī (peace be upon them both) towards this Ummah is far greater and more magnificent. Thus, they are more deserving to be considered the parents of this Ummah."
/8248 _10-وقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ): «مَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَعْلَمَ كَيْفَ قَدْرُهُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ،فَلْيَنْظُرْ كَيْفَ قَدْرُ أَبَوَيْهِ الْأَفْضَلَيْنِ عِنْدَهُ:مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)».
/8248 _10- Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī (peace be upon them both) said:
"Whoever wishes to know his rank with Allah, let him look at how he regards his two most excellent fathers—Muḥammad and ʿAlī (peace be upon them both)."
/8249 _11-وقَالَ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ): «مَنْ رَعَى حَقَّ أَبَوَيْهِ الْأَفْضَلَيْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)،لَمْ يَضُرَّهُ مَا أَضَاعَ مِنْ حَقِّ أَبَوَيْ نَفْسِهِ وَ سَائِرِ عِبَادِ اللَّهِ،فَإِنَّهُمَا(صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمَا):يُرْضِيَانِهِمْ بِشَفَاعَتِهِمَا».
/8249 _11- Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad (peace be upon them both) said:
"Whoever observes the right of his two most excellent fathers—Muḥammad and ʿAlī (peace be upon them both)—will not be harmed by whatever rights of his biological parents or other servants of Allah he might have neglected, for indeed, they (peace be upon them) will satisfy them through their intercession."
/8250 _12-وقَالَ مُوسَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «يُعَظَّمُ ثَوَابُ الصَّلاَةِ عَلَى قَدْرِ تَعْظِيمِ الْمُصَلِّي أَبَوَيْهِ الْأَفْضَلَيْنِ:مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيٍّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمَا وَ عَلَى آلِهِمَا)».
/8250 _12- Mūsā ibn Jaʿfar (peace be upon him) said:
"The reward of the prayer (ṣalāh) is magnified in proportion to how much the one praying exalts his two most excellent fathers—Muḥammad and ʿAlī (peace be upon them and their family)."
_5) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السلام):190/330.
_6) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السلام):191/330.
_7) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السلام):192/330.
_8) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السلام):193/330.
_9) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السلام):194/330.
_10) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السلام):195/330.
_11) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السلام):196/331.
_12) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السلام):197/331.
_13) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السلام):198/331.
[1] الأود:العوج.«لسان العرب-أود-3:75».
[2] التبحبح:التمكّن في الحلول و المقام.«الصحاح-بحح-1:354».
Page 307 in Arabic
/8251 _13-وقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُوسَى(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ): «أَ مَا يَكْرَهُ أَحَدُكُمْ أَنْ يُنْفَى عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَ أُمِّهِ اللَّذَيْنِ وَلَدَاهُ؟»قَالُوا: بَلَى وَ اللَّهِ.قَالَ:«فَلْيَجْتَهِدْ أَنْ لاَ يُنْفَى عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَ أُمِّهِ اللَّذَيْنِ هُمَا أَبَوَاهُ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ أَبَوَيْ نَفْسِهِ».
/8251 _13- ʿAlī ibn Mūsā (peace be upon them both) said:
"Would any one of you not dislike being disassociated from his father and mother who gave birth to him?" They replied: "By Allah, indeed we would dislike that." He (peace be upon him) said: "Then let him strive not to be disassociated from his father and mother who are better than his biological parents."
/8252 _14-وقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ) ،قَالَ رَجُلٌ بِحَضْرَتِهِ:إِنِّي لَأُحِبُّ مُحَمَّداً وَ عَلِيّاً(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)حَتَّى لَوْ قُطِّعْتُ إِرْباً إِرْباً،أَوْ قُرِضْتُ لَمْ أَزُلْ عَنْهُ.قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ):«لاَ جَرَمَ أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً وَ عَلِيّاً يُعْطِيَانِكَ مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمَا مَا تُعْطِيهِمَا أَنْتَ مِنْ نَفْسِكَ،إِنَّهُمَا لَيَسْتَدْعِيَانِ لَكَ فِي يَوْمِ فَصْلِ الْقَضَاءِ مَا لاَ يَفِي مَا بَذَلْتَهُ لَهُمَا بِجُزْءٍ مِنْ مِائَةِ أَلْفِ أَلْفِ جُزْءٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ».
/8252 _14- Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī (peace be upon them both) narrated:
A man said in his presence: "Indeed, I love Muḥammad and ʿAlī (peace be upon them both) so much that even if I were cut into pieces, piece by piece, or mutilated, I would never turn away from them."
Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī (peace be upon them both) said: "Indeed, Muḥammad and ʿAlī will give you from themselves what you give them from yourself. On the Day when judgments are decided, they will call upon you with favors that will not be repaid by even one hundred thousandth part of what you offered to them."
99-/8253 _15- قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ): «مَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ وَالِدَا دِينِهِ مُحَمَّدٌ وَ عَلِيٌّ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)أَكْرَمَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ وَالِدَيْ نَسَبِهِ،فَلَيْسَ مِنَ اللَّهِ فِي حِلٍّ وَ لاَ حَرَامٍ،وَ لاَ قَلِيلٍ وَ لاَ كَثِيرٍ».
99-/8253 _15- ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad (peace be upon them both) said:
"Whoever does not regard Muḥammad and ʿAlī (peace be upon them both), the fathers of his religion, as more honored to him than his biological parents, then he has no share from Allah in what is lawful or unlawful, neither in small nor in great matters."
/8254 _16-وقَالَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ): «مَنْ آثَرَ طَاعَةَ أَبَوَيْ دِينِهِ:مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)عَلَى طَاعَةِ أَبَوَيْ نَسَبِهِ،قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَهُ:لَأُوثِرَنَّكَ كَمَا آثَرْتَنِي،وَ لَأُشَرِّفَنَّكَ بِحَضْرَةِ أَبَوَيْ دِينِكَ كَمَا شَرَّفْتَ نَفْسَكَ بِإِيثَارِ حُبِّهِمَا عَلَى حُبِّ أَبَوَيْ نَسَبِكَ».
/8254 _16- Al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī (peace be upon them both) said:
"Whoever prefers the obedience of the two fathers of his religion—Muḥammad and ʿAlī (peace be upon them both)—over the obedience of his biological parents, Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, will say to him: 'Surely, I will favor you just as you favored Me, and I will honor you in the presence of the two fathers of your religion, just as you honored yourself by preferring their love over the love of your biological parents.'"