S 2 A 7

قوله تعالى:

خَتَمَ اللّٰهُ عَلىٰ قُلُوبِهِمْ وَ عَلىٰ سَمْعِهِمْ وَ عَلىٰ أَبْصٰارِهِمْ غِشٰاوَةٌ وَ لَهُمْ عَذٰابٌ عَظِيمٌ[7]

Qur’an 2:7 (M. H. Shakir):

Allah has set a seal upon their hearts and upon their hearing, and there is a covering over their eyes, and there is a great chastisement for them.

99-/326 _1- ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ السِّنَانِيُّ(رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ)،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْكُوفِيُّ،عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ الْآدَمِيِّ،عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَظِيمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَسَنِيِّ(رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ)،عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَبِي مَحْمُودٍ،عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: خَتَمَ اللّٰهُ عَلىٰ قُلُوبِهِمْ وَ عَلىٰ سَمْعِهِمْ . قَالَ:«الْخَتْمُ:هُوَ الطَّبْعُ عَلَى قُلُوبِ الْكُفَّارِ عُقُوبَةً عَلَى كُفْرِهِمْ،كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: بَلْ طَبَعَ اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهٰا بِكُفْرِهِمْ فَلاٰ يُؤْمِنُونَ إِلاّٰ قَلِيلاً ». [1]

99-/326 _1- Ibn Bābawayh said: Muhammad b. Ahmad al-Sinānī (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated to us, who said: Muhammad b. Abī ‘Abdillāh al-Kūfī narrated to us, from Sahl b. Ziyād al-Ādamī, from ‘Abd al-‘Azīm b. ‘Abdillāh al-Hasanī (may Allah be pleased with him), from Ibrāhīm b. Abī Maḥmūd, from Abū al-Ḥasan al-Riḍā (peace be upon him). He said: I asked him about the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: “Allah has set a seal upon their hearts and upon their hearing.” He said: “The sealing is the stamping upon the hearts of the unbelievers as a punishment for their unbelief, as Allah, Mighty and Majestic, has said: ‘Nay! Allah has set a seal upon them on account of their unbelief, so they shall not believe except a few.’” [1]

_1) -عيون أخبار الرّضا(عليه السّلام)1:16/123.

‘Uyūn Akhbār al-Riḍā (alayhi al-salām) 1:16/123.

[1] النّساء 4:155.

al-Nisā’ 4:155.

99-/327 _2- تَفْسِيرُ الْعَسْكَرِيِّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ:«قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ): أَيُّكُمْ وَقَى بِنَفْسِهِ نَفْسَ رَجُلٍ مُؤْمِنٍ الْبَارِحَةَ؟ فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):أَنَا هُوَ-يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ-وَقَيْتُ بِنَفْسِي نَفْسَ ثَابِتِ بْنِ قَيْسِ بْنِ شَمَّاسٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ. [2] فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):حَدِّثْ بِالْقِصَّةِ إِخْوَانَكَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ،وَ لاَ تَكْشِفْ عَنِ اسْمِ الْمُنَافِقِينَ الْكَائِدِينَ لَنَا، فَقَدْ كَفَاكُمُ اللَّهُ شَرَّهُمْ،وَ أَخَّرَهُمْ لِلتَّوْبَةِ،لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَذَكَّرُونَ أَوْ يَخْشَوْنَ. فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):بَيْنَا أَنَا أَسِيرُ فِي بَنِي فُلاَنٍ بِظَاهِرِ الْمَدِينَةِ،وَ بَيْنَ يَدَيَّ-بَعِيداً مِنِّي-ثَابِتُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ،إِذْ بَلَغَ بِئْراً عَادِيَةً عَمِيقَةً بَعِيدَةَ الْقَعْرِ،وَ هُنَاكَ رَجُلٌ [3] مِنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ فَدَفَعَهُ لِيَرْمِيَهُ [4] فِي الْبِئْرِ،فَتَمَاسَكَ ثَابِتٌ،ثُمَّ عَادَ فَدَفَعَهُ،وَ الرَّجُلُ لاَ يَشْعُرُ بِي حَتَّى وَصَلْتُ إِلَيْهِ،وَ قَدِ انْدَفَعَ ثَابِتٌ فِي الْبِئْرِ،فَكَرِهْتُ أَنْ أَشْتَغِلَ بِطَلَبِ الْمُنَافِقِ خَوْفاً عَلَى ثَابِتٍ،فَوَقَعْتُ فِي الْبِئْرِ لَعَلِّي آخُذُهُ،فَنَظَرْتُ فَإِذَا أَنَا قَدْ سَبَقْتُهُ إِلَى قَرَارِ الْبِئْرِ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):وَ كَيْفَ لاَ تَسْبِقُهُ وَ أَنْتَ أَرْزَنُ [5] مِنْهُ؟!وَ لَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مِنْ رِزَانَتِكَ إِلاَّ مَا فِي جَوْفِكَ مِنْ عِلْمِ الْأَوَّلِينَ وَ الْآخِرِينَ،أَوْدَعَهُ اللَّهُ رَسُولَهُ[وَ أَوْدَعَكَ]،لَكَانَ مِنْ حَقِّكَ أَنْ تَكُونَ أَرْزَنَ مِنْ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ،فَكَيْفَ كَانَ حَالُكَ وَ حَالُ ثَابِتٍ؟ قَالَ:يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ،صِرْتُ إِلَى الْبِئْرِ،وَ اسْتَقْرَرْتُ قَائِماً،وَ كَانَ ذَلِكَ أَسْهَلَ عَلَيَّ وَ أَخَفَّ عَلَى رِجْلِي مِنْ خُطَايَ الَّتِي كُنْتُ أَخْطُوهَا رُوَيْداً رُوَيْداً،ثُمَّ جَاءَ ثَابِتٌ،فَانْحَدَرَ فَوَقَعَ عَلَى يَدَيَّ،وَ قَدْ بَسَطْتُهُمَا إِلَيْهِ،وَ خَشِيتُ أَنْ يَضُرَّنِي سُقُوطُهُ عَلَيَّ أَوْ يَضُرَّهُ،فَمَا كَانَ إِلاَّ كَطَاقَةِ [1] رَيْحَانٍ تَنَاوَلْتُهَا بِيَدَيَّ. ثُمَّ نَظَرْتُ،فَإِذَا ذَلِكَ الْمُنَافِقُ وَ مَعَهُ آخَرَانِ عَلَى شَفِيرِ [2] الْبِئْرِ،وَ هُوَ يَقُولُ لَهُمَا:أَرَدْنَا وَاحِداً فَصَارَ اثْنَيْنِ! فَجَاءُوا بِصَخْرَةٍ فِيهَا مِائَةُ [3] مَنٍّ [4] فَأَرْسَلُوهَا[عَلَيْنَا]،فَخَشِيتُ أَنْ تُصِيبَ ثَابِتاً،فَاحْتَضَنْتُهُ وَ جَعَلْتُ رَأْسَهُ إِلَى صَدْرِي،وَ انْحَنَيْتُ عَلَيْهِ،فَوَقَعَتِ الصَّخْرَةُ عَلَى مُؤَخَّرِ رَأْسِي،فَمَا كَانَتْ إِلاَّ كَتَرْوِيحَةٍ بِمِرْوَحَةٍ [5]،تَرَوَّحْتُ بِهَا فِي حَمَارَّةِ الْقَيْظِ، [6]ثُمَّ جَاءُوا بِصَخْرَةٍ أُخْرَى،فِيهَا قَدْرُ ثَلاَثِمِائَةِ مَنٍّ،فَأَرْسَلُوهَا عَلَيْنَا،وَ انْحَنَيْتُ عَلَى ثَابِتٍ،فَأَصَابَتْ مُؤَخَّرَ رَأْسِي،فَكَانَتْ كَمَاءٍ صُبَّ عَلَى رَأْسِي وَ بَدَنِي فِي يَوْمٍ شَدِيدِ الْحَرِّ،ثُمَّ جَاءُوا بِصَخْرَةٍ ثَالِثَةٍ،فِيهَا قَدْرُ خَمْسَمِائَةِ مَنٍّ،يُدِيرُونَهَا عَلَى الْأَرْضِ،لاَ يُمْكِنُهُمْ أَنْ يُقِلُّوهَا،فَأَرْسَلُوهَا عَلَيْنَا،فَانْحَنَيْتُ عَلَى ثَابِتٍ،فَأَصَابَتْ مُؤَخَّرَ رَأْسِي وَ ظَهْرِي،فَكَانَتْ كَثَوْبٍ نَاعِمٍ صَبَبْتُهُ [7] عَلَى بَدَنِي وَ لَبِسْتُهُ.فَتَنَعَّمْتُ بِهِ. فَسَمِعْتُهُمْ يَقُولُونَ:لَوْ أَنَّ لاِبْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ وَ ابْنِ قَيْسٍ مِائَةَ أَلْفِ رُوحٍ،مَا نَجَتْ مِنْهَا وَاحِدَةٌ مِنْ بَلاَءِ هَذِهِ الصُّخُورِ؛ثُمَّ انْصَرَفُوا،فَدَفَعَ اللَّهُ عَنَّا شَرَّهُمْ،فَأَذِنَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لِشَفِيرِ الْبِئْرِ فَانْحَطَّ،وَ لِقَرَارِ الْبِئْرِ فَارْتَفَعَ،فَاسْتَوَى الْقَرَارُ وَ الشَّفِيرُ بَعْدُ بِالْأَرْضِ،فَخَطَوْنَا وَ خَرَجْنَا. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)يَا أَبَا الْحَسَنِ،إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَوْجَبَ لَكَ مِنَ الْفَضَائِلِ وَ الثَّوَابِ مَا لاَ يَعْرِفُهُ غَيْرُهُ،يُنَادِي مُنَادٍ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ:أَيْنَ مُحِبُّو عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ؟فَيَقُومُ قَوْمٌ مِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ،فَيُقَالُ لَهُمْ:خُذُوا بِأَيْدِي مَنْ شِئْتُمْ مِنْ عَرَصَاتِ الْقِيَامَةِ،فَأَدْخِلُوهُمُ الْجَنَّةَ،وَ أَقَلُّ رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ يَنْجُو بِشَفَاعَتِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ تِلْكَ الْعَرَصَاتِ أَلْفُ أَلْفِ رَجُلٍ. ثُمَّ يُنَادِي مُنَادٍ،أَيْنَ الْبَقِيَّةُ مِنْ مُحِبِّي عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ؟فَيَقُومُ قَوْمٌ مُقْتَصِدُونَ، [8]فَيُقَالُ لَهُمْ:تَمَنَّوْا عَلَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى مَا شِئْتُمْ،فَيَتَمَنَّوْنَ،فَيُفْعَلُ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ مَا تَمَنَّاهُ،ثُمَّ يُضَعَّفُ لَهُ مِائَةُ أَلْفِ ضِعْفٍ. ثُمَّ يُنَادِي مُنَادٍ:أَيْنَ الْبَقِيَّةُ مِنْ مُحِبِّي عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ؟فَيَقُومُ قَوْمٌ ظَالِمُونَ لِأَنْفُسِهِمْ،مُعْتَدُونَ عَلَيْهَا، وَ يُقَالُ:أَيْنَ الْمُبْغِضُونَ لِعَلِيٍّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ؟فَيُؤْتَى بِهِمْ جَمٌّ غَفِيرٌ [1]،وَ عَدَدٌ كَثِيرٌ،فَيُقَالُ:أَ لاَ نَجْعَلُ كُلَّ أَلْفٍ مِنْ هَؤُلاَءِ فِدَاءً لِوَاحِدٍ مِنْ مُحِبِّي عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)لِيَدْخُلُوا الْجَنَّةَ؟فَيُنَجِّي اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مُحِبِّيكَ،وَ يَجْعَلُ أَعْدَاءَهُمْ فِدَاءَهُمْ. ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):هَذَا الْفَضْلُ الْأَكْرَمُ،مُحِبُّهُ مُحِبُّ اللَّهِ وَ مُحِبُّ رَسُولِهِ،وَ مُبْغِضُهُ مُبْغِضُ اللَّهِ وَ مُبْغِضُ رَسُولِهِ،هُمْ خِيَارُ خَلْقِ اللَّهِ مِنْ أُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ. ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)لِعَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):اُنْظُرْ؛فَنَظَرَ إِلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُبَيٍّ [2] وَ إِلَى سَبْعَةٍ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ، فَقَالَ:قَدْ شَاهَدْتَ،خَتْمَ اللَّهِ عَلَى قُلُوبِهِمْ وَ أَسْمَاعِهِمْ وَ أَبْصَارِهِمْ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):أَنْتَ-يَا عَلِيُّ-أَفْضَلُ شُهَدَاءِ اللَّهِ فِي الْأَرْضِ بَعْدَ مُحَمَّدٍ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ. قَالَ:فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ: خَتَمَ اللّٰهُ عَلىٰ قُلُوبِهِمْ وَ عَلىٰ سَمْعِهِمْ وَ عَلىٰ أَبْصٰارِهِمْ غِشٰاوَةٌ تُبْصِرُهَا الْمَلاَئِكَةُ فَيَعْرِفُونَهُمْ بِهَا،وَ يُبْصِرُهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،وَ يُبْصِرُهَا خَيْرُ خَلْقِ اللَّهِ بَعْدَهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمَ). ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَ لَهُمْ عَذٰابٌ عَظِيمٌ فِي الْآخِرَةِ بِمَا كَانَ مِنْ كُفْرِهِمْ بِاللَّهِ،وَ كُفْرِهِمْ بِمُحَمَّدٍ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)».

99-/327 _2- Tafsīr al-‘Askarī (peace be upon him): The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: “Which of you protected the life of a believing man last night with his own self?” ‘Alī (peace be upon him) said: “I did, O Messenger of Allah; I protected the life of Thābit b. Qays b. Shammās al-Anṣārī.” [2] The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: “Relate the story to your believing brothers, and do not disclose the names of the hypocrites who plotted against us. Allah has spared you their evil and deferred them for repentance, that perhaps they may take heed or fear.” ‘Alī (peace be upon him) said: “As I was walking among such-and-such a clan on the outskirts of Madīnah, with Thābit b. Qays ahead of me at some distance, he came upon an ancient, very deep well. There was a man [3] from among the hypocrites there who pushed him to throw him [4] into the well. Thābit held himself, then he pushed him again, while the man was unaware of me until I reached them. Thābit had already been thrust into the well. I disliked to occupy myself with pursuing the hypocrite out of fear for Thābit, so I plunged into the well in hopes of catching him. I looked and found that I had reached the bottom of the well before him.” The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: “And how could you not outpace him, when you are more steadfast and weighty [5] than he? Even if nothing of your gravitas were but what is within you of the knowledge of the first and the last which Allah entrusted to His Messenger [and entrusted to you], it would be your due to be weightier than everything. So how was your state and that of Thābit?” He said: “O Messenger of Allah, I reached the well and stood firm; that was easier for me and lighter on my leg than the slow, measured steps I had been taking. Then Thābit came down and fell upon my hands, which I had extended to him. I feared that his fall might harm me or harm him, but he was no more than like a bundle [1] of sweet basil that I took up in my hands.” “Then I looked and there was that hypocrite with two others on the rim [2] of the well, saying to them, ‘We intended one and it has become two!’ They brought a rock of a hundred [3] mann [4] and dropped it [on us]. I feared it would strike Thābit, so I embraced him, placed his head against my chest, and bent over him; the rock fell upon the back of my head, and it was nothing but like a waft from a fan [5] with which I was refreshed in the intense heat [6]. Then they brought another rock of about three hundred mann and dropped it on us; I bent over Thābit and it struck the back of my head, and it was like water poured upon my head and body on a day of extreme heat. Then they brought a third rock of about five hundred mann, rolling it along the ground, unable to lift it; they dropped it on us, and I bent over Thābit; it struck the back of my head and my back, and it was like a soft garment that I poured [7] upon my body and put on—so I enjoyed comfort by it.” “I heard them say: ‘If Ibn Abī Ṭālib and Ibn Qays had a hundred thousand souls, not a single one would escape from the affliction of these rocks.’ Then they went away, and Allah repelled their evil from us. Allah, Mighty and Majestic, then permitted the rim of the well to sink and the bottom of the well to rise, so the bottom and the rim became level with the ground; we stepped out and left.” “The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: ‘O Abā al-Ḥasan, Allah, Mighty and Majestic, has made obligatory for you such virtues and rewards as none but He knows. A caller will call on the Day of Resurrection: Where are the lovers of ‘Alī b. Abī Ṭālib? Then a group of the righteous will stand, and it will be said to them: Take by the hand whomever you wish from the plains of the Resurrection and admit them into Paradise; and the least of them will, by his intercession, save from those plains a thousand thousand (one million) people.’” “Then a caller will call: Where are the remainder of the lovers of ‘Alī b. Abī Ṭālib? A moderate group [8] will stand, and it will be said to them: Ask of Allah, Exalted is He, whatever you wish. They will ask, and for each one of them what he asked will be granted, then it will be multiplied for him a hundred thousand times.” “Then a caller will call: Where are the remainder of the lovers of ‘Alī b. Abī Ṭālib? A group who have wronged themselves, having transgressed against it, will stand. And it will be said: Where are the haters of ‘Alī b. Abī Ṭālib? A vast multitude [1] and great number will be brought. It will be said: Shall we not make each thousand of these a ransom for one of the lovers of ‘Alī b. Abī Ṭālib (peace be upon him) so that they may enter Paradise? Thus Allah, Mighty and Majestic, will save your lovers and make their enemies ransomed for them.” “Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: ‘This noble excellence—its lover is a lover of Allah and a lover of His Messenger, and its hater is a hater of Allah and a hater of His Messenger—they are the elite of Allah’s creation from the Ummah of Muhammad.’” “Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said to ‘Alī (peace be upon him): ‘Look.’ He looked at ‘Abdullāh b. Ubayy [2] and at seven of the Jews, and he said: ‘You have witnessed Allah’s sealing upon their hearts, their ears, and their eyes.’” “The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: ‘You, O ‘Alī, are the greatest of Allah’s witnesses on earth after Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah.’ He said: That is His saying: ‘Allah has set a seal upon their hearts and upon their hearing, and over their eyes is a covering’—a covering which the angels see and by which they recognize them, which the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) sees, and which the best of Allah’s creation after him, ‘Alī b. Abī Ṭālib (peace be upon him), sees. Then He said: ‘And there is a great chastisement for them’ in the Hereafter for their unbelief in Allah and their unbelief in Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family).’”

_2) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السّلام):57/108.

al-Tafsīr al-mansūb ilā al-Imām al-‘Askarī (alayhi al-salām): 57/108.

[2] و هو خطيب الأنصار،و كان من نجباء الصحابة،سكن المدينة،و استشهد يوم اليمامة.أنظر سير أعلام النبلاء 1:308،معجم رجال الحديث 3:397.

wa huwa khaṭību al-Anṣār, wa kāna min nujabā’ al-ṣaḥābah, sakana al-Madīnah, wa ustushhida yawma al-Yamāmah. Unẓur Siyar A‘lām al-Nubalā’ 1:308, Ma‘jam Rijāl al-Ḥadīth 3:397.

[3] في«ط»نسخة بدل:رجال.

fī “Ṭ” nuskhatun badal: rijāl.

[4] في«ط»نسخة بدل:فدفعوه ليرموه.

fī “Ṭ” nuskhatun badal: fadafa‘ūhu liyarmūhu.

[5] شيء رزين:أي ثقيل.«مجمع البحرين-رزن-6:255».

shay’un razīn: ay thaqīl. “Majma‘ al-Baḥrayn – razn – 6:255”.

[1] الطاقة:الحزمة.«المعجم الوسيط-طوق-2:571».

al-ṭāqah: al-ḥuzmah. “al-Mu‘jam al-Wasīṭ – ṭawq – 2:571”.

[2] شفير كلّ شيء:حرفه،و شفير الوادي:ناحيته من أعلاه.«لسان العرب-شفر-4:419».

shafīru kulli shay’: ḥarfuhu, wa shafīru al-wādī: nāḥiyatuhu min a‘lāh. “Lisān al-‘Arab – shafr – 4:419”.

[3] في المصدر:مائتي.

fī al-maṣdar: mi’atay.

[4] المنّ:و هو رطلان و الجمع أمنان.«الصحاح-منن-6:2207».

al-mann: wa huwa raṭlān, wa al-jam‘ amnān. “al-Ṣiḥāḥ – manan – 6:2207”.

[5] روّح عليه بالمروحة:حرّكها ليجلب إليه نسيم الهواء،و المروحة:أداة يجلب بها نسيم الهواء في الحرّ.«المعجم الوسيط-روح-1:380 و 381».

rawwaḥa ‘alayhi bi-l-mirwaḥah: ḥarrakahā liyajluba ilayhi nasīma al-hawā’, wa al-mirwaḥah: adātun yujlabu bihā nasīmu al-hawā’ fī al-ḥarr. “al-Mu‘jam al-Wasīṭ – rūḥ – 1:380–381”.

[6] حمارّة القيظ:شدّة حرّه.«مجمع البحرين-حمر-3:276».

ḥammāratu al-qayẓ: shiddatu ḥarrīh. “Majma‘ al-Baḥrayn – ḥamr – 3:276”.

[7] صبّ عليه درعه:إذا لبسها.«أساس البلاغة-صبب-:247».

ṣabba ‘alayhi dir‘ahu: idhā labisahā. “Asās al-Balāghah – ṣbbb – :247”.

[8] المقتصد:العادل.و روي عن الإمام محمّد بن عليّ الباقر(عليه السّلام)في تفسير الآية(32)من سورة فاطر: «أمّا المقتصد فصائم بالنّهار و قائم باللّيل». (سعد السعود:107».

al-muqtaṣid: al-‘ādil. wa ruwiya ‘an al-Imām Muḥammad b. ‘Alī al-Bāqir (alayhi al-salām) fī tafsīr al-āyah (32) min Sūrat Fāṭir: “ammā al-muqtaṣid faṣā’im bi-l-nahār wa qā’im bi-l-layl.” (Sa‘d al-Su‘ūd: 107).

[1] الجمّ:الكثير،و المعنى:جاءوا بجماعتهم و لم يتخلّف منهم أحد و كانت فيهم كثرة.«مجمع البحرين-جمم-6 لا 30،-غفر-3:427».

al-jamm: al-kathīr, wa al-ma‘nā: jā’ū bi-jamā‘atihim wa lam yatakhal-laf minhum aḥad wa kānat fīhim kathrah. “Majma‘ al-Baḥrayn – jmm – 6 la 30, – ghafr – 3:427”.

[2] عبد اللّه بن أبي بن مالك بن الحارث بن عبيد الخزرجي،أبو حباب،المشهور بابن سلول،و هي جدّته،رأس المنافقين و كبيرهم،أظهر الإسلام كرها،و كان سيّد الخزرج في آخر جاهليتهم،أنظر طبقات ابن سعد 3:540،أعلام الزركلي 4:188.

‘Abd Allāh b. Ubayy b. Mālik b. al-Ḥārith b. ‘Ubayd al-Khazrajī, Abū Ḥubāb, al-mashhūr ibn Sulūl, wa hiya jaddatuhu, ra’s al-munāfiqīn wa kabīruhum, aẓhara al-islāma karhan, wa kāna sayyida al-Khazraj fī ākhir jāhiliyyatihim. Unẓur Ṭabaqāt Ibn Sa‘d 3:540, A‘lām al-Zarkalī 4:188.

قوله تعالى:

وَ مِنَ النّٰاسِ مَنْ يَقُولُ آمَنّٰا بِاللّٰهِ وَ بِالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَ مٰا هُمْ بِمُؤْمِنِينَ[8]

Qur’an 2:8 (M. H. Shakir): And there are some people who say: We believe in Allah and the last day; and they are not at all believers.

99-/328 _1- قَالَ الْإِمَامُ:«قَالَ الْعَالِمُ مُوسَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)لَمَّا أَوْقَفَ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)فِي يَوْمِ الْغَدِيرِ مَوْقِفَهُ الْمَشْهُورَ الْمَعْرُوفَ،ثُمَّ قَالَ:يَا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ،انْسُبُونِي، فَقَالُوا:أَنْتَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ بْنِ هَاشِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ. ثُمَّ قَالَ:أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ،أَ لَسْتُ أَوْلَى بِكُمْ مِنْ أَنْفُسِكُمْ؟فَأَنَا مَوْلاَكُمْ،أَوْلَى بِكُمْ مِنْ أَنْفُسِكُمْ؟قَالُوا:بَلَى،يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ،فَنَظَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)إِلَى السَّمَاءِ،فَقَالَ:اَللَّهُمَّ اشْهَدْ،يَقُولُ هُوَ ذَلِكَ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،وَ هُمْ يَقُولُونَ ذَلِكَ،

99-/328 _1- The Imam said: The learned Mūsā b. Ja‘far (peace be upon him) said: “When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) stationed the Commander of the Faithful, ‘Alī b. Abī Ṭālib (peace be upon him), on the Day of Ghadīr at his well-known, famous station, he then said: ‘O servants of Allah, tell me my lineage.’ They said: ‘You are Muḥammad son of ‘Abdullāh son of ‘Abd al-Muṭṭalib son of Hāshim son of ‘Abd Manāf.’ Then he said: ‘O people, am I not more entitled to you than your own selves? For I am your master, more entitled to you than your own selves.’ They said: ‘Indeed, O Messenger of Allah.’ The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) looked to the sky and said: ‘O Allah, bear witness,’—he saying that (peace and blessings be upon him and his family), and they saying it.”

_1) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السّلام):58/111.

al-Tafsīr al-mansūb ilā al-Imām al-‘Askarī (alayhi al-salām): 58/111.