Al-Isra Ayah 33

الإسراء آيه 33

قوله تعالى:

وَ لاٰ تَقْتُلُوا النَّفْسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللّٰهُ إِلاّٰ بِالْحَقِّ وَ مَنْ قُتِلَ مَظْلُوماً فَقَدْ جَعَلْنٰا لِوَلِيِّهِ سُلْطٰاناً فَلاٰ يُسْرِفْ فِي الْقَتْلِ إِنَّهُ كٰانَ مَنْصُوراً [33]

Quran 17:33 — And do not kill any one whom Allah has forbidden, except for a just cause, and whoever is slain unjustly, We have indeed given to his heir authority, so let him not exceed the limit in slaying; surely he is aided. (M. H. Shakir)

99-/6348 _1- علي بن إبراهيم،في قوله: وَ لاٰ تَقْتُلُوا النَّفْسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللّٰهُ إِلاّٰ بِالْحَقِّ وَ مَنْ قُتِلَ مَظْلُوماً فَقَدْ جَعَلْنٰا لِوَلِيِّهِ سُلْطٰاناً أي سلطانا على القاتل، فَلاٰ يُسْرِفْ فِي الْقَتْلِ إِنَّهُ كٰانَ مَنْصُوراً أي ينصر ولد المقتول على القاتل.

99-/6348 — Ali ibn Ibrahim, on His saying: And do not kill the soul which Allah has forbidden except by right; and whoever is killed unjustly, We have indeed given to his heir authority: meaning authority over the killer. So let him not be excessive in killing—surely he is aided: meaning that the children of the slain are given victory over the killer.

99-/6349 _2- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ،عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ،عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ وَ غَيْرِهِ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: «إِذَا اجْتَمَعَتِ الْعِدَّةُ عَلَى قَتْلِ رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ،حَكَمَ الْوَالِي أَنْ يُقْتَلَ أَيُّهُمْ شَاءُوا،وَ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَقْتُلُوا أَكْثَرَ مِنْ وَاحِدٍ،إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ: وَ مَنْ قُتِلَ مَظْلُوماً فَقَدْ جَعَلْنٰا لِوَلِيِّهِ سُلْطٰاناً فَلاٰ يُسْرِفْ فِي الْقَتْلِ ».

99-/6349 — Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub, from ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr, from al-Qasim ibn ‘Urwah, from Abu al-‘Abbas and others, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), said: If a number of people band together to kill one man, the ruler judges that any one of them they wish may be killed, and they are not permitted to kill more than one. Indeed Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says: And whoever is slain unjustly, We have indeed given to his heir authority, so let him not exceed the limit in slaying.

99-/6350 _3- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ،عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ،عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي الْحَسَنِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ فِي كِتَابِهِ: وَ مَنْ قُتِلَ مَظْلُوماً فَقَدْ جَعَلْنٰا لِوَلِيِّهِ سُلْطٰاناً فَلاٰ يُسْرِفْ فِي الْقَتْلِ إِنَّهُ كٰانَ مَنْصُوراً فَمَا هَذَا الْإِسْرَافُ الَّذِي نَهَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَنْهُ؟قَالَ:«نَهَى أَنْ يَقْتُلَ غَيْرَ قَاتِلِهِ،أَوْ يُمَثِّلَ بِالْقَاتِلِ». قُلْتُ:فَمَا مَعْنَى قَوْلِهِ: إِنَّهُ كٰانَ مَنْصُوراً ؟قَالَ:«وَ أَيُّ نُصْرَةٍ أَعْظَمُ مِنْ أَنْ يُدْفَعَ الْقَاتِلُ إِلَى أَوْلِيَاءِ الْمَقْتُولِ فَيَقْتُلَهُ،وَ لاَ تَبِعَةَ تَلْزَمُهُ مِنْ قَتْلِهِ فِي دِينٍ وَ لاَ دُنْيَا؟».

99-/6350 — And from him: from ‘Ali ibn Muhammad, from some of his companions, from Muhammad ibn Sulayman, from Sayf ibn ‘Umayrah, from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar, who said: I said to Abu al-Hasan (peace be upon him): Indeed Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says in His Book: And whoever is slain unjustly, We have indeed given to his heir authority, so let him not exceed the limit in slaying; surely he is aided. So what is this excess that Allah, Mighty and Majestic, forbade? He said: He forbade killing other than his killer, or mutilating the killer. I said: Then what is the meaning of His saying: surely he is aided? He said: And what aid is greater than that the killer is handed over to the heirs of the slain so they kill him, and no liability attaches to him for that killing, in religion or in this world?

99-/6351 _4- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ صَالِحٍ،عَنِ الْحَجَّالِ،عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ مَنْ قُتِلَ مَظْلُوماً فَقَدْ جَعَلْنٰا لِوَلِيِّهِ سُلْطٰاناً فَلاٰ يُسْرِفْ فِي الْقَتْلِ ؟ قَالَ:«نَزَلَتْ فِي الْحَسَنِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،لَوْ قُتِلَ أَهْلُ الْأَرْضِ بِهِ مَا كَانَ سَرَفاً».

99-/6351 — And from him: from ‘Ali ibn Muhammad, from Salih, from al-Hajjal, from some of his companions, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him). He said: I asked him about the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: And whoever is slain unjustly, We have indeed given to his heir authority, so let him not be excessive in killing. He said: It was revealed about al-Hasan (peace be upon him); if the people of the earth were killed for him, it would not be excess.

99-/6352 _5- الشَّيْخُ فِي(التَّهْذِيبِ):بِإِسْنَادِهِ،عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ،عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ،عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ وَ غَيْرِهِ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: «إِذَا اجْتَمَعَ الْعِدَّةُ عَلَى قَتْلِ رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ،حَكَمَ الْوَالِي أَنْ يُقْتَلَ أَيُّهُمْ شَاءُوا،وَ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَقْتُلُوا أَكْثَرَ مِنْ وَاحِدٍ،إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ: وَ مَنْ قُتِلَ مَظْلُوماً فَقَدْ جَعَلْنٰا لِوَلِيِّهِ سُلْطٰاناً فَلاٰ يُسْرِفْ فِي الْقَتْلِ وَ إِذَا قَتَلَ الثَّلاَثَةُ وَاحِداً،خُيِّرَ الْوَالِي أَيَّ الثَّلاَثَةِ شَاءَ أَنْ يَقْتُلَ،وَ يُضَمَّنُ الْآخَرَانِ ثُلُثَيِ الدِّيَةِ لِوَرَثَةِ الْمَقْتُولِ».

99-/6352 — The Shaykh in (al-Tahdhib), with his chain, from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id, from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr, from al-Qasim ibn ‘Urwah, from Abu al-‘Abbas and others, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), said: If a number of people band together to kill one man, the ruler judges that any one of them they wish may be killed, and they are not permitted to kill more than one. Indeed Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says: And whoever is slain unjustly, We have indeed given to his heir authority, so let him not exceed the limit in slaying. And if three kill one, the ruler is given choice to kill whichever of the three he wishes, and the other two are held liable for two-thirds of the blood-money to the heirs of the slain.

99-/6353 _6- أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قُولَوَيْهِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الصَّفَّارِ،عَنِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ،عَنْ رَجُلٍ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: وَ مَنْ قُتِلَ مَظْلُوماً فَقَدْ جَعَلْنٰا لِوَلِيِّهِ سُلْطٰاناً فَلاٰ يُسْرِفْ فِي الْقَتْلِ إِنَّهُ كٰانَ مَنْصُوراً . قَالَ:«ذَلِكَ قَائِمُ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ(عَلَيْهِ وَ عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)،يَخْرُجُ فَيَقْتُلُ بِدَمِ الْحُسَيْنِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،فَلَوْ قَتَلَ أَهْلَ الْأَرْضِ لَمْ يَكُنْ مُسْرِفاً.وَ قَوْلِهِ: فَلاٰ يُسْرِفْ فِي الْقَتْلِ أَيْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِيَصْنَعَ شَيْئاً يَكُونُ سَرَفاً» ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «يَقْتُلُ-وَ اللَّهِ-ذَرَارِيَّ قَتَلَةِ الْحُسَيْنِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)بِفِعَالِ آبَائِهَا».

99-/6353 — Abu al-Qasim Ja‘far ibn Muhammad ibn Qulawayh said: Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn Ahmad narrated to me, from Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Saffar, from al-‘Abbas ibn Ma‘ruf, from Muhammad ibn Sinan, from a man, who said: I asked Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) about His saying, Exalted is He: And whoever is slain unjustly, We have indeed given to his heir authority, so let him not exceed the limit in slaying; surely he is aided. He said: That is the Qa’im of the family of Muhammad (peace be upon him and upon them); he will arise and will kill for the blood of al-Husayn (peace be upon him). If he were to kill the people of the earth, he would not be excessive. And His saying: so let him not be excessive in killing, meaning: he would not do anything that would be excess. Then Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) said: By Allah, he will kill the progeny of the killers of al-Husayn (peace be upon him) for the deeds of their forefathers.

99-/6354 _7- ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ زِيَادِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ الْهَمَدَانِيُّ(رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ)،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ عَبْدِ السَّلاَمِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ الْهَرَوِيِّ،قَالَ:قُلْتُ لِأَبِي الْحَسَنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُوسَى الرِّضَا(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ، مَا تَقُولُ فِي حَدِيثٍ رُوِيَ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)أَنَّهُ قَالَ:«إِذَا قَامَ الْقَائِمُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَتَلَ ذَرَارِيَّ قَتَلَةِ الْحُسَيْنِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)بِفِعَالِ آبَائِهِمْ؟»فَقَالَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«هُوَ كَذَلِكَ». قُلْتُ:وَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ لاٰ تَزِرُ وٰازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرىٰ مَا مَعْنَاهُ؟فَقَالَ:«صَدَقَ اللَّهُ فِي جَمِيعِ أَقْوَالِهِ، لَكِنْ ذَرَارِيُّ قَتَلَةِ الْحُسَيْنِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يَرْضَوْنَ بِأَفْعَالِ آبَائِهِمْ وَ يَفْتَخِرُونَ بِهَا،وَ مَنْ رَضِيَ شَيْئاً،كَانَ كَمَنْ أَتَاهُ،وَ لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلاً قُتِلَ فِي الْمَشْرِقِ فَرَضِيَ بِقَتْلِهِ رَجُلٌ فِي الْمَغْرِبِ،لَكَانَ الرَّاضِي عِنْدَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ شَرِيكَ الْقَاتِلِ،وَ إِنَّمَا يَقْتُلُهُمُ الْقَائِمُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)إِذَا خَرَجَ،لِرِضَاهُمْ بِفِعْلِ آبَائِهِمْ». قَالَ:فَقُلْتُ لَهُ:بِأَيِّ شَيْءٍ يَبْدَأُ الْقَائِمُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)مِنْكُمْ إِذَا قَامَ؟قَالَ:«يَبْدَأُ بِبَنِي شَيْبَةَ وَ يَقْطَعُ أَيْدِيَهُمْ،لِأَنَّهُمْ سُرَّاقُ بَيْتِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ».

99-/6354 — Ibn Babawayh said: Ahmad ibn Ziyad ibn Ja‘far al-Hamadani (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated to us, saying: ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim narrated to us, from his father, from ‘Abd al-Salam ibn Salih al-Harawi, who said: I said to Abu al-Hasan ‘Ali ibn Musa al-Rida (peace be upon him): O son of the Messenger of Allah, what do you say about a hadith narrated from al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) that he said: When the Qa’im (peace be upon him) rises, he will kill the progeny of the killers of al-Husayn (peace be upon him) for the deeds of their fathers? He (peace be upon him) said: It is so. I said: And what is the meaning of Allah’s saying, Mighty and Majestic: And no bearer shall bear the burden of another? He said: Allah has spoken the truth in all His words; however, the progeny of the killers of al-Husayn (peace be upon him) are pleased with the deeds of their fathers and boast of them; and whoever is pleased with a thing is like the one who has done it. If a man were killed in the East, and a man in the West were pleased with his killing, then the one who is pleased would, with Allah, Mighty and Majestic, be a partner of the killer. The Qa’im (peace be upon him) only kills them, when he appears, because of their being pleased with the acts of their fathers. He said: So I said to him: With what does the Qa’im (peace be upon him) from among you begin when he rises? He said: He begins with Banu Shaybah and cuts off their hands, because they are the thieves of the House of Allah, Mighty and Majestic.

99-/6355 _8- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ:عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ،عَنِ الْمُفَضَّلِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ،عَنْ جَابِرٍ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ مَنْ قُتِلَ مَظْلُوماً فَقَدْ جَعَلْنٰا لِوَلِيِّهِ سُلْطٰاناً فَلاٰ يُسْرِفْ فِي الْقَتْلِ إِنَّهُ كٰانَ مَنْصُوراً ،قَالَ:«نَزَلَتْ فِي قَتْلِ الْحُسَيْنِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)».

99-/6355 — ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim: from his father, from ‘Uthman ibn Sa‘id, from al-Mufaddal ibn Salih, from Jabir, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), regarding the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: And whoever is slain unjustly, We have indeed given to his heir authority, so let him not exceed the limit in slaying; surely he is aided. He said: It was revealed about the killing of al-Husayn (peace be upon him).

_6) -كامل الزيارات:5/63.

_Kamil al-Ziyarat: 5/63.

_7) -عيون أخبار الرّضا(عليه السّلام)1:5/273،ينابيع المودة:424.

_‘Uyun Akhbar al-Rida (alayhi al-salam) 1:5/273; Yanabi‘ al-Mawadda: 424.

_8) -لم نجده في تفسير القمّيّ،و رواه عنه في تأويل الآيات 1:9/279.

_Lam najidhu fi Tafsir al-Qummi, wa rawahu ‘anhu fi Ta’wil al-Ayat 1:9/279.

[1] في«ط»:شاءوا.

[2] في«ط»:فيكون مسرفا.

[3] في«ط»:خرج.

[4] الإسراء 17:15،فاطر 35:18،الزمر 39:7.

99-/6356 _9- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنِ الْمُعَلَّى بْنِ خُنَيْسٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ:سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: «مَنْ قَتَلَ النَّفْسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ فَقَدْ قَتَلَ الْحُسَيْنَ فِي أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)».

99-/6356 — Al-‘Ayyashi: from al-Mu‘alla ibn Khunays, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), who said: I heard him say: Whoever kills a soul which Allah has forbidden [to be killed] has, in effect, killed al-Husayn among his Household (peace be upon them).

99-/6357 _10- عَنْ جَابِرٍ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: «نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فِي الْحُسَيْنِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): وَ مَنْ قُتِلَ مَظْلُوماً فَقَدْ جَعَلْنٰا لِوَلِيِّهِ سُلْطٰاناً فَلاٰ يُسْرِفْ فِي الْقَتْلِ قَاتِلِ الْحُسَيْنِ إِنَّهُ كٰانَ مَنْصُوراً -قَالَ-: الْحُسَيْنُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)».

99-/6357 — From Jabir, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), who said: This verse was revealed about al-Husayn (peace be upon him): And whoever is slain unjustly, We have indeed given to his heir authority, so let him not be excessive in killing the killer of al-Husayn; surely he is aided—he said: [that is] al-Husayn (peace be upon him).

99-/6358 _11- عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: «إِذَا اجْتَمَعَ الْعِدَّةُ عَلَى قَتْلِ رَجُلٍ،حَكَمَ الْوَالِي بِقَتْلِ أَيِّهِمْ شَاءَ،وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَقْتُلَ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ وَاحِدٍ،إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ: وَ مَنْ قُتِلَ مَظْلُوماً فَقَدْ جَعَلْنٰا لِوَلِيِّهِ سُلْطٰاناً فَلاٰ يُسْرِفْ فِي الْقَتْلِ إِنَّهُ كٰانَ مَنْصُوراً وَ إِذَا قَتَلَ وَاحِداً ثَلاَثَةٌ،خُيِّرَ الْوَالِي أَيَّ الثَّلاَثَةِ شَاءَ أَنْ يَقْتُلَ،وَ يُضَمَّنُ الْآخَرَانِ ثُلُثَيِ الدِّيَةِ لِوَرَثَةِ الْمَقْتُولِ».

99-/6358 — From Abu al-‘Abbas, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), who said: If a number of people band together to kill a man, the ruler judges to kill whichever of them he wishes, and he is not permitted to kill more than one. Indeed Allah says: And whoever is slain unjustly, We have indeed given to his heir authority, so let him not exceed the limit in slaying; surely he is aided. And if three kill one, the ruler is given choice to kill whichever of the three he wishes, and the other two are held liable for two-thirds of the blood-money to the heirs of the slain.

99-/6359 _12- عَنْ سَلاَّمِ بْنِ الْمُسْتَنِيرِ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فِي قَوْلِهِ: وَ مَنْ قُتِلَ مَظْلُوماً فَقَدْ جَعَلْنٰا لِوَلِيِّهِ سُلْطٰاناً فَلاٰ يُسْرِفْ فِي الْقَتْلِ إِنَّهُ كٰانَ مَنْصُوراً . قَالَ:«هُوَ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قُتِلَ مَظْلُوماً وَ نَحْنُ أَوْلِيَاؤُهُ،وَ الْقَائِمُ مِنَّا إِذَا قَامَ طَلَبَ بِثَارِ الْحُسَيْنِ،فَيُقْتُلُ حَتَّى يُقَالَ:قَدْ أَسْرَفَ فِي الْقَتْلِ-وَ قَالَ- الْمَقْتُولُ:اَلْحُسَيْنُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)وَ وَلِيُّهُ:اَلْقَائِمُ،وَ الْإِسْرَافُ فِي الْقَتْلِ:أَنْ يَقْتُلَ غَيْرَ قَاتِلِهِ إِنَّهُ كٰانَ مَنْصُوراً فَإِنَّهُ لاَ يَذْهَبُ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا حَتَّى يُنْتَصَرَ بِرَجُلٍ مِنْ آلِ الرَّسُولِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ)يَمْلَأُ الْأَرْضَ قِسْطاً وَ عَدْلاً كَمَا مُلِئَتْ ظُلْماً وَ جَوْراً».

99-/6359 — From Salam ibn al-Mustaneer, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), regarding His saying: And whoever is slain unjustly, We have indeed given to his heir authority, so let him not exceed the limit in slaying; surely he is aided. He said: It is al-Husayn ibn ‘Ali (peace be upon him), who was killed unjustly, and we are his heirs; and the Qa’im from among us, when he rises, will seek the vengeance of al-Husayn, and he will kill until it is said: He has been excessive in killing. And he said: The slain is al-Husayn (peace be upon him), and his heir is the Qa’im; and excess in killing is to kill other than his killer. Surely he is aided—for he will not depart from this world until vengeance is taken by a man from the family of the Messenger (may Allah bless them), who will fill the earth with equity and justice as it has been filled with oppression and tyranny.

99-/6360 _13- عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ رَجُلَيْنِ قَتَلاَ رَجُلاً،فَقَالَ:«يُخَيَّرُ وَلِيُّهُ أَنْ يَقْتُلَ أَيَّهُمَا شَاءَ،وَ يُغَرَّمُ الْبَاقِي نِصْفَ الدِّيَةِ-أَعْنِي دِيَةَ الْمَقْتُولِ-فَتُرَدُّ عَلَى وَرَثَتِهِ،وَ كَذَلِكَ إِنْ قَتَلَ رَجُلٌ امْرَأَةً،إِنْ قَبِلُوا دِيَةَ الْمَرْأَةِ فَذَاكَ،وَ إِنْ أَبَى أَوْلِيَاؤُهَا إِلاَّ قَتْلَ قَاتِلِهَا غَرِمُوا نِصْفَ دِيَةِ الرَّجُلِ وَ قَتَلُوهُ،وَ هُوَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ: فَقَدْ جَعَلْنٰا لِوَلِيِّهِ سُلْطٰاناً فَلاٰ يُسْرِفْ فِي الْقَتْلِ ».

99-/6360 — From Abu al-‘Abbas, who said: I asked Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) about two men who killed a man. He said: His heir is given the choice to kill whichever of the two he wishes, and the remaining one pays half the blood-money—I mean, the blood-money of the slain—and it is returned to his heirs. Likewise, if a man kills a woman: if they accept the woman’s blood-money, that is fine; but if her heirs insist on killing her killer, they pay half the blood-money of a man and then kill him—and that is the saying of Allah: so We have indeed given to his heir authority, so let him not be excessive in killing.

99-/6361 _14- عَنْ حُمْرَانَ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ:يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ،زَعَمَ وُلْدُ الْحَسَنِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)أَنَّ الْقَائِمَ مِنْهُمْ،وَ أَنَّهُمْ أَصْحَابُ الْأَمْرِ،وَ يَزْعُمُ وُلْدُ ابْنِ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ،فَقَالَ:«رَحِمَ اللَّهُ عَمِّيَ الْحَسَنَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،لَقَدْ أَغْمَدَ أَرْبَعِينَ أَلْفَ سَيْفٍ حِينَ أُصِيبَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)وَ أَسْلَمَهَا إِلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ،وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ سَبْعِينَ أَلْفَ سَيْفِ قَاتِلِهِ،لَوْ خَطَرَ عَلَيْهِمْ خَطَرٌ مَا خَرَجُوا مِنْهَا حَتَّى يَمُوتُوا جَمِيعاً،وَ خَرَجَ الْحُسَيْنُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)فَعَرَضَ نَفْسَهُ عَلَى اللَّهِ فِي سَبْعِينَ رَجُلاً،مَنْ أَحَقُّ بِدَمِهِ مِنَّا؟نَحْنُ-وَ اللَّهِ-أَصْحَابُ الْأَمْرِ،وَ فِينَا الْقَائِمُ،وَ مِنَّا السَّفَّاحُ وَ الْمَنْصُورُ،وَ قَدْ قَالَ اللَّهُ: وَ مَنْ قُتِلَ مَظْلُوماً فَقَدْ جَعَلْنٰا لِوَلِيِّهِ سُلْطٰاناً نَحْنُ أَوْلِيَاءُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)،وَ عَلَى دِينِهِ».

99-/6361 — From Humran, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), who said: I said to him: O son of the Messenger of Allah, the children of al-Hasan (peace be upon him) claim that the Qa’im is from them, and that they are the people of the command; and the children of Ibn al-Hanafiyyah claim likewise. He said: May Allah have mercy on my uncle al-Hasan (peace be upon him). He sheathed forty thousand swords when the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) was struck, and he handed it over to Mu‘awiyah; and Muhammad ibn ‘Ali [would have unsheathed] seventy thousand [for] the sword of his killer—if danger had confronted them, they would not have withdrawn from it until they all died. And al-Husayn (peace be upon him) went forth and offered himself to Allah with seventy men. Who is more entitled to his blood than we? By Allah, we are the people of the command, and among us is the Qa’im, and from us are the Saffah and the Mansur; and Allah has said: And whoever is slain unjustly, We have indeed given to his heir authority. We are the heirs of al-Husayn ibn ‘Ali (peace be upon them), and upon his religion.

99-/6362 _15- شَرَفُ الدِّينِ النَّجَفِيُّ،قَالَ:رَوَى بَعْضُ الثِّقَاتِ،بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ مَنْ قُتِلَ مَظْلُوماً فَقَدْ جَعَلْنٰا لِوَلِيِّهِ سُلْطٰاناً فَلاٰ يُسْرِفْ فِي الْقَتْلِ إِنَّهُ كٰانَ مَنْصُوراً . قَالَ:«نَزَلَتْ فِي الْحُسَيْنِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،لَوْ قَتَلَ وَلِيُّهُ أَهْلَ الْأَرْضِ[بِهِ]مَا كَانَ مُسْرِفاً،وَ وَلِيُّهُ الْقَائِمُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)».

99-/6362 — Sharaf al-Din al-Najafi said: Some trustworthy [narrators] related, with his chain, from some of our companions, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him). He said: I asked him about the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: And whoever is slain unjustly, We have indeed given to his heir authority, so let him not exceed the limit in slaying; surely he is aided. He said: It was revealed about al-Husayn (peace be upon him); if his heir were to kill the people of the earth for him, he would not be excessive—and his heir is the Qa’im (peace be upon him).

_9) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:64/290.

_Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 2:64/290.

_10) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:65/290.

_Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 2:65/290.

_11) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:66/290.

_Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 2:66/290.

_12) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:67/290،ينابيع المودة:425.

_Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 2:67/290; Yanabi‘ al-Mawadda: 425.

_13) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:68/290.

_Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 2:68/290.

_14) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:69/291.

_Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 2:69/291.

[1] زاد في«ط»:الشيء.

[2] في المصدر:ذرّيته.

قوله تعالى:

وَ لاٰ تَقْرَبُوا مٰالَ الْيَتِيمِ إِلاّٰ بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ حَتّٰى يَبْلُغَ أَشُدَّهُ وَ أَوْفُوا بِالْعَهْدِ -إلى قوله تعالى- وَ أَوْفُوا الْكَيْلَ إِذٰا كِلْتُمْ وَ زِنُوا بِالْقِسْطٰاسِ الْمُسْتَقِيمِ [34-35]

Quran 17:34–35 — And draw not near to the property of the orphan, except in the best manner, until he attains his maturity; and fulfill the covenant; surely the covenant shall be questioned about. And give full measure when you measure out, and weigh with a true balance; this is fair and better in the end. (M. H. Shakir)

99-/6363 _1- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «أَنَّ نَجْدَةَ الْحَرُورِيَّ كَتَبَ إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ يَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ أَشْيَاءَ:عَنِ الْيَتِيمِ،مَتَى يَنْقَطِعُ يُتْمُهُ؟فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ:أَمَّا الْيَتِيمُ،فَانْقِطَاعُ يُتْمِهِ إِذَا بَلَغَ أَشُدَّهُ،وَ هُوَ الاِحْتِلاَمُ».

99-/6363 — Al-‘Ayyashi: from ‘Abdullah ibn Sinan, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him): that Najdah al-Haruri wrote to Ibn ‘Abbas asking him about certain matters: about the orphan—when does his orphanhood cease? So Ibn ‘Abbas wrote to him: As for the orphan, his orphanhood ceases when he reaches his maturity, and that is [marked by] sexual emission (puberty).

99-/6364 _2- وَ فِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ،عَنْهُ قَالَ: «سُئِلَ أَبِي وَ أَنَا حَاضِرٌ عَنِ الْيَتِيمِ،مَتَى يَجُوزُ أَمْرُهُ؟فَقَالَ:حِينَ يَبْلُغُ أَشُدَّهُ. قُلْتُ:وَ مَا أَشُدُّهُ؟قَالَ:اَلاِحْتِلاَمُ. قُلْتُ:قَدْ يَكُونُ الْغُلاَمُ ابْنَ ثَمَانِيَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً لاَ يَحْتَلِمُ،أَوْ أَقَلَّ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ؟قَالَ:إِذَا بَلَغَ ثَلاَثَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً كُتِبَ لَهُ الْحَسَنُ وَ كُتِبَ عَلَيْهِ السَّيِّءُ،وَ جَازَ أَمْرُهُ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ سَفِيهاً أَوْ ضَعِيفاً».

99-/6364 — And in another narration from ‘Abdullah ibn Sinan, from him, he said: My father was asked, while I was present, about the orphan—when does his affair become valid [i.e., when does he become legally competent]? He said: When he reaches his maturity. I said: And what is his maturity? He said: Sexual emission (puberty). I said: It may be that a boy is eighteen years old and has not had a nocturnal emission—or less, or more. He said: When he reaches thirteen years, the good deed is written for him and the evil deed is written against him, and his affair is valid, unless he is feeble-minded or weak.

_15) -تأويل الآيات 1:10/280.

_Ta’wil al-Ayat 1:10/280.

_1) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:70/291.

_Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 2:70/291.

_2) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:71/291.

_Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 2:71/291.

[1] في«س»و«ط»:عمل.

[2] في«س»و«ط»:حتّى.