S 54 Ayat 48 to 55

قوله تعالى:

يَوْمَ يُسْحَبُونَ فِي النّٰارِ عَلىٰ وُجُوهِهِمْ ذُوقُوا مَسَّ سَقَرَ* إِنّٰا كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلَقْنٰاهُ بِقَدَرٍ -إلى قوله تعالى- فِي مَقْعَدِ صِدْقٍ عِنْدَ مَلِيكٍ مُقْتَدِرٍ [48-55]

The day on which they shall be dragged into the fire upon their faces; taste the touch of hell.

Surely We have created everything according to a measure.

And Our command is but one, as the twinkling of an eye.

And certainly We have already destroyed the likes of you, but is there anyone who will mind?

And everything they have done is in the writings.

And everything small and great is written down.

Surely those who guard (against evil) shall be in gardens and rivers,

In the seat of honor with a most Powerful King.

99-/10279 _4- ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَارِسِيُّ الْعَزَائِمِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ رُمَيْحٍ النَّسَوِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ يَحْيَى التَّمِيمِيُّ بِالْبَصْرَةِ،وَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ابْنِ مُعَلَّى بْنِ أَسَدٍ الْعَمِّيُّ،قَالاَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ زَكَرِيَّا الْغَلاَّبِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عِيسَى بْنِ زَيْدٍ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ حَسَنٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ آبَائِهِ،عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ) ، أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: إِنّٰا كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلَقْنٰاهُ بِقَدَرٍ ،فَقَالَ:«يَقُولُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: إِنّٰا كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلَقْنٰاهُ لِأَهْلِ النَّارِ بِقَدَرٍ أَعْمَالِهِمْ».

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Abu Ja‘far Ibn Babawayh said: Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Ishaq al-Farisi al-‘Aza’imi narrated to us, who said: Abu Sa‘id Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Rumayh al-Nasawi narrated to us, who said: ‘Abd al-‘Aziz ibn Yahya al-Tamimi in Basra and Ahmad ibn Ibrahim ibn Mu‘alla ibn Asad al-‘Ammi both narrated to us, saying: Muhammad ibn Zakariyya al-Ghallabi narrated to us, who said: Ahmad ibn ‘Isa ibn Zayd narrated to us, who said: ‘Abd Allah ibn Musa ibn ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Hasan narrated to us, from his father, from his forefathers, from al-Hasan ibn ‘Ali, from ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon them), that he was asked about the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic:

"إِنّٰا كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلَقْنٰاهُ بِقَدَرٍ" “Surely We have created everything according to a measure.”

He said: “Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, says: ‘Surely We have created everything for the people of Hell according to the measure of their deeds.’”

99-/10280 _5- وَ عَنْهُ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِمْرَانَ الدَّقَّاقُ(رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ)،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْكُوفِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ عِمْرَانَ النَّخَعِيُّ،عَنْ عَمِّهِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ النَّوْفَلِيِّ،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ،عَنِ الرُّقَى [1]أَ تَدْفَعُ مِنَ الْقَدَرِ شَيْئاً؟فَقَالَ:«هِيَ مِنَ الْقَدَرِ».

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And from him, he said: ʿAlī ibn Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿImrān al-Daqqāq (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated to us, who said: Muḥammad ibn Abī ʿAbd Allāh al-Kūfī narrated to us, who said: Mūsā ibn ʿImrān al-Nakhaʿī narrated to us, from his uncle al-Ḥusayn ibn Yazīd al-Nawfalī, from ʿAlī ibn Sālim, from Abū ʿAbd Allāh (peace be upon him), who said:

I asked him about ruqā (protective charms or incantations)—do they repel anything from the divine decree (al-qadar)?

He said: "They are from the divine decree."

وَ قَالَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«إِنَّ الْقَدَرِيَّةَ مَجُوسُ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ،وَ هُمُ الَّذِينَ أَرَادُوا أَنْ يَصِفُوا اللَّهَ بِعَدْلِهِ،فَأَخْرَجُوهُ مِنْ سُلْطَانِهِ،وَ فِيهِمْ نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ يَوْمَ يُسْحَبُونَ فِي النّٰارِ عَلىٰ وُجُوهِهِمْ ذُوقُوا مَسَّ سَقَرَ* إِنّٰا كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلَقْنٰاهُ بِقَدَرٍ ».

And he (peace be upon him) said:

"Surely, the Qadariyyah are the Magians of this nation. They are those who wished to ascribe justice to Allah, but by doing so, they expelled Him from His sovereignty. And regarding them this verse was revealed:

'On the day when they shall be dragged on their faces into the fire; taste the touch of hell.' 'Surely We have created everything according to a measure.'

_2) -الكافي 1:2/161.

_3) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:119.

_4) -التوحيد:30/382.

_5) -التوحيد:29/382.

[1] الرقى جمع رقية:و هي العوذة التي يرقى بها«النهاى 2:254».

[1] الرقى is the plural of رقية, which refers to a protective charm or incantation (usually a supplication or Qur’anic verse) used for healing or protection. It is the incantation (ʿawdha) with which one seeks remedy or protection. (Source: al-Nihāyah, vol. 2, p. 254)

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/10281 _3-علي بن إبراهيم،في قوله تعالى: إِنّٰا كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلَقْنٰاهُ بِقَدَرٍ قال:له وقت و أجل و مدة.

99-/10281 _3 – ʿAlī ibn Ibrāhīm, regarding the saying of Allah, the Exalted: "إِنّٰا كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلَقْنٰاهُ بِقَدَرٍ" (Indeed We have created everything according to a measure) [54:49], said: "It means everything has a fixed time, a term, and a duration."

99-/10282 _4- ثُمَّ قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ عِمْرَانَ،عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ،عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ،قَالَ:قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «وَجَدْتُ لِأَهْلِ الْقَدَرِ اسْماً فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: إِنَّ الْمُجْرِمِينَ فِي ضَلاٰلٍ وَ سُعُرٍ* يَوْمَ يُسْحَبُونَ فِي النّٰارِ عَلىٰ وُجُوهِهِمْ ذُوقُوا مَسَّ سَقَرَ* إِنّٰا كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلَقْنٰاهُ بِقَدَرٍ [1]،وَ هُمُ الْمُجْرِمُونَ».

99-/10282 _4 – Then he said: Muḥammad ibn Abī ʿAbdillāh narrated to us, who said: Mūsā ibn ʿImrān narrated to us, from al-Ḥusayn ibn Yazīd, from Ismāʿīl ibn Muslim, who said: Abū ʿAbdillāh (peace be upon him) said: “I found the name of the people of al-Qadar (the deniers of divine decree) in the Book of Allah, the saying of the Exalted: 'Surely the guilty shall be in error and in blazing fire * The day on which they shall be dragged into the fire upon their faces: Taste the touch of hell. * Surely We have created everything according to a measure.'” [Surah al-Qamar, 54:47–49] And they are the criminals (al-mujrimūn).”

قوله تعالى: وَ مٰا أَمْرُنٰا إِلاّٰ وٰاحِدَةٌ كَلَمْحٍ بِالْبَصَرِ يعني بقول [2]كن فيكون،و قوله تعالى: وَ لَقَدْ أَهْلَكْنٰا أَشْيٰاعَكُمْ أي أتباعكم و عبدة الأصنام وَ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ فَعَلُوهُ فِي الزُّبُرِ أي مكتوب في الكتب وَ كُلُّ صَغِيرٍ وَ كَبِيرٍ يعني من ذنب مُسْتَطَرٌ أي مكتوب،ثمّ ذكر ما أعده للمتقين فقال: إِنَّ الْمُتَّقِينَ فِي جَنّٰاتٍ وَ نَهَرٍ* فِي مَقْعَدِ صِدْقٍ عِنْدَ مَلِيكٍ مُقْتَدِرٍ .

His saying, the Exalted: "And Our command is but one, like the twinkling of an eye" – that is, by His saying “Be!” and it is. And His saying, the Exalted: "And certainly We have destroyed the likes of you" – meaning your followers and the worshippers of idols. "And everything they have done is in the scriptures" – that is, written in the books. "And every small and great thing" – meaning every sin – "is written down."

Then He mentioned what He has prepared for the God-conscious, saying: "Surely the dutiful shall be amid gardens and rivers, in the seat of truth, with a most Powerful King."

99-/10283 _5- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا،عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفُضَيْلِ،عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الْمَاضِي(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،قُلْتُ: إِنَّ الْمُتَّقِينَ ؟قَالَ:«نَحْنُ وَ اللَّهِ وَ شِيعَتُنَا،لَيْسَ عَلَى مِلَّةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ غَيْرُنَا،وَ سَائِرُ النَّاسِ مِنْهَا بُرَآءُ».

99-/10283 Muhammad ibn Ya'qub: From ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad, from some of our companions, from Ibn Maḥbūb, from Muḥammad ibn al-Fuḍayl, from Abū al-Ḥasan al-Māḍī (peace be upon him). I said: "Surely the dutiful (al-muttaqīn)?" He said: "By Allah, it is us and our Shīʿa. None are upon the religion of Ibrāhīm except us, and the rest of the people are disassociated from it."

99-/10284 _6- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ:عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِمْرَانَ [3]بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ،عَنْ زَكَرِيَّا بْنِ يَحْيَى،عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ ثَابِتٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ ضَمْرَةَ،قَالَ:إِنَّ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ،قَالَ: كُنَّا عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، فَذَكَرَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِهِ الْجَنَّةَ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):«إِنَّ أَوَّلَ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ دُخُولاً إِلَيْهَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)».

99-/10284 Muḥammad ibn al-ʿAbbās: From Muḥammad ibn ʿImrān ibn Abī Shaybah, from Zakarīyā ibn Yaḥyā, from ʿAmr ibn Thābit, from his father, from ʿĀṣim ibn Ḍamrah. He said: Verily, Jābir ibn ʿAbd Allāh said:

We were with the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) in the mosque when some of his companions mentioned Paradise. So the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) said: "Indeed, the first of the people of Paradise to enter it shall be ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib (peace be upon him)."

فَقَالَ أَبُو دُجَانَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ:يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ،[أليس]أَخْبَرْتَنَا أَنَّ الْجَنَّةَ مُحَرَّمَةٌ عَلَى الْأَنْبِيَاءِ حَتَّى تَدْخُلَهَا،وَ عَلَى الْأُمَمِ حَتَّى تَدْخُلَهَا أُمَّتُكَ؟فَقَالَ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):«بَلَى،يَا أَبَا دُجَانَةَ،أَ مَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لِوَاءً مِنْ نُورٍ،وَ عَمُوداً مِنْ نُورٍ،خَلَقَهُمَا اللَّهُ تَعَالَى قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْلُقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ الْأَرْضَ بِأَلْفَيْ عَامٍ،مَكْتُوبٌ عَلَى ذَلِكَ اللِّوَاءِ:لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ، مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ،خَيْرُ الْبَرِيَّةِ آلُ مُحَمَّدٍ،صَاحِبُ اللِّوَاءِ عَلِيٌّ،وَ هُوَ إِمَامُ الْقَوْمِ».

Then Abū Dujānah al-Anṣārī said: “O Messenger of Allah, did you not inform us that Paradise is forbidden for the prophets until you enter it, and for the nations until your nation enters it?”

He (peace be upon him and his family) said: “Yes, O Abū Dujānah. Do you not know that Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, has a banner made of light and a standard made of light? Allah created them two thousand years before creating the heavens and the earth. Written upon that banner is: 'There is no god but Allah, Muḥammad is the Messenger of Allah, the best of creation are the family of Muḥammad. The bearer of the banner is ʿAlī, and he is the leader of the people.'”

فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي هَدَانَا بِكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ،وَ شَرَّفَنَا».

فَقَالَ[النَّبِيُّ](صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):«أَبْشِرْ يَا عَلِيُّ،مَا مِنْ عَبْدٍ يَنْتَحِلُ مَوَدَّتَكَ إِلاَّ بَعَثَهُ اللَّهُ مَعَنَا يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ». وَ جَاءَ

فِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى: «يَا عَلِيُّ أَ مَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّهُ مَنْ أَحَبَّنَا وَ انْتَحَلَ مَحَبَّتَنَا أَسْكَنَهُ اللَّهُ مَعَنَا».وَ تَلاَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: إِنَّ الْمُتَّقِينَ فِي جَنّٰاتٍ وَ نَهَرٍ* فِي مَقْعَدِ صِدْقٍ عِنْدَ مَلِيكٍ مُقْتَدِرٍ .

Then ʿAlī (peace be upon him) said: “Praise be to Allah who guided us through you, O Messenger of Allah, and honored us.”

So the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) said: “Rejoice, O ʿAlī! No servant claims your love except that Allah will raise him with us on the Day of Resurrection.”

And in another narration, he said: “O ʿAlī, do you not know that whoever loves us and assumes our affection, Allah shall make him dwell with us?”

Then he recited the verse: “Surely the righteous shall be amidst gardens and rivers, in the seat of truth, with a most Powerful King.”

_3) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:342.

_4) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:342.

_5) -الكافي 1:91/361.

_6) -تأويل الآيات 2:2/629.

[1] القمر 54:47-49.

[2] في المصدر:نقول.

[3] في«ج»:محمّد بن عمرو،و في المصدر:محمّد بن عمر.

Footnote Translations:

[1] Al-Qamar 54:47–49

[2] In the source: it reads “نقول” (we say), instead of the current word or phrasing.

[3] In ‘J’ copy: it is written “Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr”, while in the source it is “Muḥammad ibn ʿUmar”.

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99-/10285 _7- الشَّيْخُ الْأَجَلُّ شَرَفُ الدِّينِ النَّجَفِيُّ:عَنِ الشَّيْخِ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الطُّوسِيِّ(رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ)،قَالَ:رَوَيْنَاهُ بِالْإِسْنَادِ إِلَى جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ)،قَالَ:قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)لِعَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «[يَا عَلِيُّ]مَنْ أَحَبَّكَ وَ تَوَلاَّكَ أَسْكَنَهُ اللَّهُ مَعَنَا فِي الْجَنَّةِ».ثُمَّ تَلاَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) إِنَّ الْمُتَّقِينَ فِي جَنّٰاتٍ وَ نَهَرٍ* فِي مَقْعَدِ صِدْقٍ عِنْدَ مَلِيكٍ مُقْتَدِرٍ .

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Al-Shaykh al-Ajal Sharaf al-Din al-Najafi reported from Shaykh Abu Ja‘far al-Tusi (may Allah have mercy on him), who said: We have narrated it through the chain of authority reaching to Jabir ibn ‘Abdillah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said to ‘Ali (peace be upon him): “[O ‘Ali], whoever loves you and takes you as his master, Allah will make him dwell with us in Paradise.” Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) recited: “Surely the righteous shall be in gardens and rivers, in the seat of honor with a most Powerful King.”

99-/10286 _8- وَ مِنْ طَرِيقِ الْمُخَالِفِينَ:مُوَفَّقُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ فِي(الْمَنَاقِبِ)قَالَ رَوَى السَّيِّدُ أَبُو طَالِبٍ،بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ،قَالَ:قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)لِعَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «إِنَّ مَنْ أَحَبَّكَ وَ تَوَلاَّكَ أَسْكَنَهُ اللَّهُ الْجَنَّةَ مَعَنَا».ثُمَّ قَالَ:وَ تَلاَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ): إِنَّ الْمُتَّقِينَ فِي جَنّٰاتٍ وَ نَهَرٍ* فِي مَقْعَدِ صِدْقٍ عِنْدَ مَلِيكٍ مُقْتَدِرٍ .

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And from the path of the opponents (i.e., non-Shi'a sources): Muwaffaq ibn Ahmad in al-Manaqib said that Sayyid Abu Talib narrated with his chain of transmission from Jabir ibn ‘Abdillah al-Ansari, who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said to ‘Ali (peace be upon him): “Indeed, whoever loves you and takes you as his master, Allah shall house him in Paradise with us.” Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) recited: “Surely the righteous shall be in gardens and rivers, in the seat of honor with a most Powerful King.”

_7) -تأويل الآيات 2:1/629.

_8) -المناقب:195.

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