S 2 A 49

رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: «الْفِدْيَةُ». قِيلَ: مَا الصَّرْفُ، يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: «التَّوْبَةُ».

Translation: “O Messenger of Allah?” He said: “It is ransom (al-fidya).” It was asked: “What is as-sarf, O Messenger of Allah?” He said: “Repentance (at-tawbah).”

قال مؤلف هذا الكتاب: لا منافاة بين التفسيرين في بني إسرائيل بحمل أحد التفسيرين على الظاهر، و الآخر على الباطن.

Translation: The author of this book said: There is no contradiction between the two interpretations regarding the Children of Israel, by applying one interpretation to the outward meaning and the other to the inward meaning.

قوله تعالى:

وَ إِذْ نَجَّيْنٰاكُمْ مِنْ آلِ فِرْعَوْنَ يَسُومُونَكُمْ سُوءَ الْعَذٰابِ يُذَبِّحُونَ أَبْنٰاءَكُمْ وَ يَسْتَحْيُونَ نِسٰاءَكُمْ وَ فِي ذٰلِكُمْ بَلاٰءٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ عَظِيمٌ [49]

Quran 2:49 (M. H. Shakir): And when We delivered you from Pharaoh’s people who subjected you to severe torment, killing your sons and sparing your women; and in this there was a great trial from your Lord.

99-/472 _1- قَالَ الْإِمَامُ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «قَالَ اللَّهُ: وَ اذْكُرُوا، يَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ إِذْ نَجَّيْنٰاكُمْ أَنْجَيْنَا أَسْلاَفَكُمْ مِنْ آلِ فِرْعَوْنَ وَ هُمُ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا يَدْنُونَ إِلَيْهِ بِقَرَابَتِهِ وَ بِدِينِهِ وَ مَذْهَبِهِ يَسُومُونَكُمْ يُعَذِّبُونَكُمْ سُوءَ الْعَذَابِ شِدَّةَ الْعَذَابِ، كَانُوا يَحْمِلُونَهُ عَلَيْكُمْ».

«وَ كَانَ مِنْ عَذَابِهِمُ الشَّدِيدِ أَنَّهُ كَانَ فِرْعَوْنُ يُكَلِّفُهُمْ عَمَلَ الْبِنَاءِ وَ الطِّينِ، وَ يَخَافُ أَنْ يَهْرَبُوا عَنِ الْعَمَلِ، فَأَمَرَ بِتَقْيِيدِهِمْ، فَكَانُوا يَنْقُلُونَ ذَلِكَ الطِّينَ عَلَى السَّلاَلِمِ إِلَى السُّطُوحِ فَرُبَّمَا سَقَطَ الْوَاحِدُ مِنْهُمْ فَمَاتَ أَوْ زَمِنَ [1] وَ لاَ يَحْفِلُونَ [2] بِهِمْ، إِلَى أَنْ أَوْحَى اللَّهُ تَعَالَى إِلَى مُوسَى(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): قُلْ لَهُمْ: لاَ يَبْتَدِئُونَ عَمَلاً إِلاَّ بِالصَّلاَةِ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ الطَّيِّبِينَ لِيَخِفَّ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَكَانُوا يَفْعَلُونَ ذَلِكَ فَيُخَفِّفُ عَلَيْهِمْ.

وَ أَمَرَ كُلَّ مَنْ سَقَطَ وَ زَمِنَ، مِمَّنْ نَسِيَ الصَّلاَةَ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ، بِأَنْ يَقُولَهَا عَلَى نَفْسِهِ إِنْ أَمْكَنَهُ - أَيِ الصَّلاَةَ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ - أَوْ يُقَالَ عَلَيْهِ إِنْ لَمْ يُمْكِنْهُ، فَإِنَّهُ يَقُومُ وَ لاَ يَضُرُّهُ ذَلِكَ، فَفَعَلُوهَا فَسَلِمُوا.

يُذَبِّحُونَ أَبْنٰاءَكُمْ وَ ذَلِكَ لَمَّا قِيلَ لِفِرْعَوْنَ: إِنَّهُ يُولَدُ فِي بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ مَوْلُودٌ يَكُونُ عَلَى يَدِهِ هَلاَكُكَ، وَ زَوَالُ مُلْكِكَ؛ فَأَمَرَ بِذَبْحِ أَبْنَائِهِمْ، فَكَانَتِ الْوَاحِدَةُ مِنْهُنَّ تُصَانِعُ [3] الْقَوَابِلَ عَنْ نَفْسِهَا لِئَلاَّ تَنِمَّ عَلَيْهَا [وَ يَتِمَّ] حَمْلُهَا، ثُمَّ تُلْقِي وَلَدَهَا فِي صَحْرَاءَ، أَوْ غَارِ جَبَلٍ، أَوْ مَكَانٍ غَامِضٍ، وَ تَقُولُ عَلَيْهِ عَشْرَ مَرَّاتٍ الصَّلاَةُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ، فَيُقَيِّضُ [4] اللَّهُ لَهُ مَلَكاً يُرَبِّيهِ؛ وَ يُدِرُّ مِنْ إِصْبَعٍ لَهُ لَبَناً يَمُصُّهُ، وَ مِنْ إِصْبَعٍ طَعَاماً لَيِّناً يَتَغَذَّاهُ، إِلَى أَنْ نَشَأَ بَنُو إِسْرَائِيلَ، فَكَانَ مَنْ سَلِمَ مِنْهُمْ وَ نَشَأَ أَكْثَرُ مِمَّنْ قُتِلَ.

Reference: -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السّلام):120/242.

Translation: 99-/472 _1- Imam al-‘Askari (peace be upon him) said: “Allah said: And remember, O Children of Israel, when We delivered you—we delivered your forefathers—from the people of Pharaoh, who were those who drew near to him by kinship and by his religion and creed, subjecting you to the worst torment, the severity of punishment, which they imposed upon you.”

“And among their severe punishments was that Pharaoh compelled them to do construction and mud work, and he feared they would flee from the work, so he ordered that they be fettered. They would carry that mud up ladders to the rooftops; sometimes one of them would fall and die or become chronically infirm [1], and they would not care [2] about them—until Allah, exalted be He, revealed to Musa (peace be upon him): Say to them: Do not begin any task except with prayers upon Muhammad and his pure Household, so that it may be made easier for them. They did so, and it was lightened for them.

He also commanded that anyone who fell and became infirm, among those who had forgotten to invoke blessings upon Muhammad and his Household, should say it over himself if he could—that is, the prayers upon Muhammad and his Household—or that it be said over him if he could not; then he would stand up and it would not harm him. They did this and were kept safe.

‘Killing your sons’—this was because it was said to Pharaoh: A child will be born among the Children of Israel by whose hand your destruction and the end of your kingdom will come; so he ordered their sons to be slaughtered. Then one of the women would bribe [3] the midwives on her behalf so they would not inform on her and [her] pregnancy would come to term; then she would cast her child into a desert, or a mountain cave, or a hidden place, and she would invoke prayers upon Muhammad and his Household ten times over him; so Allah would appoint [4] an angel to raise him, causing milk to flow from one of the angel’s fingers for him to suck, and from another finger soft food for him to eat, until the Children of Israel grew numerous; thus those who were preserved and grew up were more than those who were killed.”

وَ يَسْتَحْيُونَ نِسٰاءَكُمْ يُبْقُونَهُنَّ وَ يَتَّخِذُونَهُنَّ إِمَاءً، فَضَجُّوا إِلَى مُوسَى(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، وَ قَالُوا: يَفْتَرِشُونَ [1] بَنَاتِنَا وَ أَخَوَاتِنَا؟! فَأَمَرَ اللَّهُ الْبَنَاتِ كُلَّمَا رَابَهُنَّ رَيْبٌ مِنْ ذَلِكَ صَلَّيْنَ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ الطَّيِّبِينَ، فَكَانَ اللَّهُ يَرُدُّ عَنْهُنَّ أُولَئِكَ الرِّجَالَ، إِمَّا بِشُغُلٍ أَوْ بِمَرَضٍ أَوْ زَمَانَةٍ أَوْ لُطْفٍ مِنْ أَلْطَافِهِ، فَلَمْ تُفْتَرَشْ مِنْهُنَّ امْرَأَةٌ، بَلْ دَفَعَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ [2] عَنْهُنَّ بِصَلاَتِهِنَّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ الطَّيِّبِينَ.

ثُمَّ قَالَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ فِي ذٰلِكُمْ أَيْ فِي ذَلِكَ الْإِنْجَاءِ الَّذِي أَنْجَاكُمْ مِنْهُ رَبُّكُمْ بَلاٰءٌ نِعْمَةٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ عَظِيمٌ كَبِيرٌ.

قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: يٰا بَنِي إِسْرٰائِيلَ اذْكُرُوا [3] إِذْ كَانَ الْبَلاَءُ يُصْرَفُ عَنْ أَسْلاَفِكُمْ وَ يُخَفَّفُ بِالصَّلاَةِ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ الطَّيِّبِينَ، أَ فَلاَ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّكُمْ إِذَا شَاهَدْتُمُوهُمْ وَ آمَنْتُمْ بِهِمْ [4] كَانَ النِّعْمَةُ عَلَيْكُمْ أَعْظَمَ وَ أَفْضَلَ، وَ فَضْلُ اللَّهِ لَدَيْكُمْ [5] أَكْثَرَ وَ أَجْزَلَ».

Translation: “And ‘sparing your women’—they kept them alive and took them as maidservants. So they cried out to Musa (peace be upon him) and said: ‘Will they lie with [1] our daughters and our sisters?’ Then Allah commanded the girls that whenever any suspicion of that arose, they should invoke prayers upon Muhammad and his pure Household. So Allah would turn those men away from them—either by preoccupation or by illness or by infirmity or by one of His subtle mercies—so not a single woman among them was lain with; rather Allah, Mighty and Majestic, repelled [2] them from the women through their invoking prayers upon Muhammad and his pure Household.

Then He, Mighty and Majestic, said: ‘And in that’—that deliverance by which your Lord delivered you—‘was a great blessing from your Lord, vast and immense.’

Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: ‘O Children of Israel! call to mind [3] how affliction was turned away from your forefathers and lightened by prayers upon Muhammad and his pure Household. Do you not know that if you witness them and believe in them [4], the blessing upon you will be greater and better, and the grace of Allah upon you [5] will be more and more abundant?’”

Quran 2:47 (M. H. Shakir): O children of Israel! call to mind My favor which I bestowed on you and that I made you excel the nations.

قوله تعالى:

وَ إِذْ فَرَقْنٰا بِكُمُ الْبَحْرَ فَأَنْجَيْنٰاكُمْ وَ أَغْرَقْنٰا آلَ فِرْعَوْنَ وَ أَنْتُمْ تَنْظُرُونَ [50]

وَ إِذْ وٰاعَدْنٰا مُوسىٰ أَرْبَعِينَ لَيْلَةً ثُمَّ اتَّخَذْتُمُ الْعِجْلَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ وَ أَنْتُمْ ظٰالِمُونَ [51]

ثُمَّ عَفَوْنٰا عَنْكُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ ذٰلِكَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ [52]

وَ إِذْ آتَيْنٰا مُوسَى الْكِتٰابَ وَ الْفُرْقٰانَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَهْتَدُونَ [53]

Quran 2:50 (M. H. Shakir): And when We parted the sea for you, so We saved you and drowned the followers of Firon while you looked on.

Quran 2:51 (M. H. Shakir): And when We appointed a time of forty nights with Musa; then you took the calf (for a god) after him and you were unjust.

Quran 2:52 (M. H. Shakir): Then We pardoned you after that so that you might give thanks.

Quran 2:53 (M. H. Shakir): And when We gave Musa the Book and the distinction that you might walk aright.

99-/473 _1- قَالَ الْإِمَامُ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ اذْكُرُوا إِذْ فَرَقْنٰا بِكُمُ الْبَحْرَ [6] فِرَقاً، يَنْقَطِعُ بَعْضُهُ مِنْ بَعْضٍ، فَأَنْجَيْنٰاكُمْ هُنَاكَ وَ أَغْرَقْنَا آلَ [7] فِرْعَوْنَ وَ قَوْمَهُ وَ أَنْتُمْ تَنْظُرُونَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَ هُمْ يُغْرَقُونَ.

وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ مُوسَى(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) لَمَّا انْتَهَى إِلَى الْبَحْرِ، أَوْحَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَيْهِ: قُلْ لِبَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ: جَدِّدُوا تَوْحِيدِي،

Reference: -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السّلام):121/245-123.

Translation: 99-/473 _1- Imam al-‘Askari (peace be upon him) said: “Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: And remember when We parted the sea for you [6] into distinct parts, each separated from the other; We saved you there and drowned the House [7] of Pharaoh and his people while you were looking at them as they drowned.

And that was because when Musa (peace be upon him) reached the sea, Allah, Mighty and Majestic, revealed to him: Say to the Children of Israel: Renew your affirmation of My Oneness.”

[1] زمن: zaman — مرض مرضاً يدوم زماناً طويلاً، أو ضعف بكِبَر سنّ أو مطاولة علّة.

[2] الحَفْل: al-hafl — المُبالاة؛ يقال: ما أحفل بفلان، أي ما أبالي به.

[3] المُصانَعَة: al-muṣāna‘ah — الرِّشوة.

[4] قيّض: qayyada — قيّضَ اللهُ فلاناً لفلان، أي جاء به وأتاحه له.

[1] افترشه: iftarašahu — أي وطِئه؛ وافترش الرجلُ المرأةَ للّذة.

[2] في «ط» والمصدر زيادة: ذلك.

fi "T" wa al-maṣdar ziyādah: dhālika.

[3] البقرة 2:47.

al-Baqara 2:47.

[4] في المصدر: شاهدتموه وآمنتم به.

fi al-maṣdar: shāhadtumūhu wa āmantum bih.

[5] في المصدر: عليكم.

fi al-maṣdar: ‘alaykum.

[6] في المصدر: واذكروا إذ جعلنا ماء البحر.

fi al-maṣdar: wa-udhkurū idh ja‘alnā mā’a al-baḥr.

[7] (آل) ليس في المصدر.

(Āl) laysa fi al-maṣdar.