S 10 A 13-16

/4854 _1) (Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:309)

علي بن إبراهيم،قال: دَعٰانٰا لِجَنْبِهِ العليل الذي لا يقدر أن يجلس أَوْ قٰاعِداً ،قال:الذي لا يقدر أن يقوم أَوْ قٰائِماً ،قال:الصحيح.و قوله: فَلَمّٰا كَشَفْنٰا عَنْهُ ضُرَّهُ مَرَّ أي ترك و مر و نسي كَأَنْ لَمْ يَدْعُنٰا إِلىٰ ضُرٍّ مَسَّهُ .

Translation: Ali ibn Ibrahim said: “We called upon Him ‘on his side’ means the sick person who cannot sit; and ‘or sitting’ means the one who cannot stand; the correct reading is as stated.” And His saying: “Then when We remove his affliction, he passes on (marr)” means he leaves, goes his way, and forgets—as though he had never called upon Us regarding an affliction that touched him.

/Qur’an 10:13–16

وَلَقَدْ أَهْلَكْنَا الْقُرُونَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ لَمَّا ظَلَمُوا وَجَاءَتْهُمْ رُسُلُهُمْ بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ وَمَا كَانُوا لِيُؤْمِنُوا كَذَٰلِكَ نَجْزِي الْقَوْمَ الْمُجْرِمِينَ

ثُمَّ جَعَلْنَاكُمْ خَلَائِفَ فِي الْأَرْضِ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ لِنَنظُرَ كَيْفَ تَعْمَلُونَ

وَإِذَا تُتْلَىٰ عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتُنَا بَيِّنَاتٍ قَالَ الَّذِينَ لَا يَرْجُونَ لِقَاءَنَا ائْتِ بِقُرْآنٍ غَيْرِ هَٰذَا أَوْ بَدِّلْهُ ۚ قُلْ مَا يَكُونُ لِي أَنْ أُبَدِّلَهُ مِن تِلْقَاءِ نَفْسِي ۚ إِنْ أَتَّبِعُ إِلَّا مَا يُوحَىٰ إِلَيَّ ۚ إِنِّي أَخَافُ إِنْ عَصَيْتُ رَبِّي عَذَابَ يَوْمٍ عَظِيمٍ

قُل لَّوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ مَا تَلَوْتُهُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَلَا أَدْرَاكُم بِهِ ۖ فَقَدْ لَبِثْتُ فِيكُمْ عُمُرًا مِّن قَبْلِهِ ۖ أَفَلَا تَعْقِلُونَ

Translation (M. H. Shakir):

10:13 And certainly We did destroy generations before you when they were unjust, and their apostles had come to them with clear arguments, and they would not believe; thus do We requite the guilty people.

10:14 Then We made you successors in the land after them so that We may see how you act.

10:15 And when Our clear communications are recited to them, those who do not hope for Our meeting say: Bring a Quran other than this or change it. Say: It is not for me to change it of my own accord; I follow naught but what is revealed to me; surely I fear, if I disobey my Lord, the chastisement of a grievous day.

10:16 Say: If Allah had desired I would not have recited it to you, nor would He have made it known to you; indeed I have lived a lifetime among you before it; do you not then understand?

/4855 _2) (Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:309)

علي بن إبراهيم:في قوله تعالى: وَ لَقَدْ أَهْلَكْنَا الْقُرُونَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ لَمّٰا ظَلَمُوا وَ جٰاءَتْهُمْ رُسُلُهُمْ بِالْبَيِّنٰاتِ ،قال:يعني عادا و ثمود و من أهلكه اللّه، ثم قال: ثُمَّ جَعَلْنٰاكُمْ خَلاٰئِفَ فِي الْأَرْضِ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ لِنَنْظُرَ كَيْفَ تَعْمَلُونَ يعني حتّى نرى،فوضع النظر مكان الرؤية.

و قال:و قوله: وَ إِذٰا تُتْلىٰ عَلَيْهِمْ آيٰاتُنٰا بَيِّنٰاتٍ قٰالَ الَّذِينَ لاٰ يَرْجُونَ لِقٰاءَنَا ائْتِ بِقُرْآنٍ غَيْرِ هٰذٰا أَوْ بَدِّلْهُ قُلْ مٰا يَكُونُ لِي أَنْ أُبَدِّلَهُ مِنْ تِلْقٰاءِ نَفْسِي إِنْ أَتَّبِعُ إِلاّٰ مٰا يُوحىٰ إِلَيَّ ،قال:فإن قريشا قالت لرسول اللّه(صلّى اللّه عليه و آله):

ائتنا بقرآن غير هذا،فإن هذا شيء تعلمته من اليهود و النصارى،قال اللّه: قُلْ لهم لَوْ شٰاءَ اللّٰهُ مٰا تَلَوْتُهُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَ لاٰ أَدْرٰاكُمْ بِهِ فَقَدْ لَبِثْتُ فِيكُمْ عُمُراً مِنْ قَبْلِهِ أَ فَلاٰ تَعْقِلُونَ أي لقد لبثت فيكم أربعين سنة قبل أن يوحى إلي و لم أتكلم بشيء منه حتّى أوحي إلي.

Translation: Ali ibn Ibrahim, regarding His saying: “And certainly We destroyed the generations before you when they were unjust, and their messengers came to them with clear proofs,” said: It means ‘Ad and Thamud and those whom Allah destroyed. Then He said: “Then We made you successors in the land after them so that We may see how you act,” that is, until We see—He placed “seeing” (nazar) in the place of “vision” (ru’yah).

And regarding His saying: “And when Our clear communications are recited to them, those who do not hope for Our meeting say: Bring a Quran other than this or change it; say: It is not for me to change it of my own accord; I follow nothing but what is revealed to me,” he said: Quraysh said to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his Household): “Bring us a Quran other than this, for this is something you learned from the Jews and the Christians.” Allah said: Say to them, “If Allah had willed, I would not have recited it to you, nor would He have made you aware of it. Indeed, I have lived among you forty years before it and did not speak anything of it until it was revealed to me.”

99-/4856 _3) (Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:310)

ثُمَّ قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ:وَ أَمَّا قَوْلُهُ أَوْ بَدِّلْهُ فَإِنَّهُ حَدَّثَنِي الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنْ أَبِي السَّفَاتِجِ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ اِئْتِ بِقُرْآنٍ غَيْرِ هٰذٰا أَوْ بَدِّلْهُ :

«يَعْنِي أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) قُلْ مٰا يَكُونُ لِي أَنْ أُبَدِّلَهُ مِنْ تِلْقٰاءِ نَفْسِي إِنْ أَتَّبِعُ إِلاّٰ مٰا يُوحىٰ إِلَيَّ يَعْنِي فِي عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)».

Translation: Then Ali ibn Ibrahim said: As for His words “or change it,” al-Hasan ibn ‘Ali narrated to me from his father, from Hammad ibn ‘Isa, from Abu al-Safataj, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) regarding the words of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: “Bring a Quran other than this, or change it”: “They meant the Commander of the Faithful, Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him). ‘Say: It is not for me to change it of my own accord; I follow only what is revealed to me’—meaning concerning Ali ibn Abi Talib, the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him).”

99-/4857 _3) (al-Kāfī 1:37/347)

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ،عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جُمْهُورٍ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ،عَنِ الْمُفَضَّلِ بْنِ عُمَرَ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: اِئْتِ بِقُرْآنٍ غَيْرِ هٰذٰا أَوْ بَدِّلْهُ ،قَالَ:«قَالُوا:أَوْ بَدِّلْ عَلِيّاً(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)».

Translation: Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub—from ‘Ali ibn Muhammad, from Sahl ibn Ziyad, from Ahmad ibn al-Husayn, from ‘Umar ibn Yazid, from Muhammad ibn Jumhur, from Muhammad ibn Sinan, from al-Mufaddal ibn ‘Umar—said: I asked Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) about the words of Allah, the Exalted: “Bring a Quran other than this, or change it.” He said: “They said: Or change Ali (peace be upon him).”

99-/4858 _4) (Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:10/120)

العَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنِ الثُّمَالِيِّ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: وَ إِذٰا تُتْلىٰ عَلَيْهِمْ آيٰاتُنٰا بَيِّنٰاتٍ قٰالَ الَّذِينَ لاٰ يَرْجُونَ لِقٰاءَنَا ائْتِ بِقُرْآنٍ غَيْرِ هٰذٰا أَوْ بَدِّلْهُ قُلْ مٰا يَكُونُ لِي أَنْ أُبَدِّلَهُ مِنْ تِلْقٰاءِ نَفْسِي إِنْ أَتَّبِعُ إِلاّٰ مٰا يُوحىٰ إِلَيَّ :«قَالُوا:لَوْ بُدِّلَ مَكَانَ عَلِيٍّ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَوْ عُمَرُ اتَّبَعْنَاهُ».

Translation: Al-‘Ayyashi—from al-Thumali, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), regarding His saying: “And when Our clear communications are recited to them, those who do not hope for Our meeting say: Bring a Quran other than this or change it; say: It is not for me to change it of my own accord; I follow nothing but what is revealed to me.” He said: “They said: If, instead of Ali, Abu Bakr or ‘Umar were substituted, we would follow him.”

99-/4859 _5) (Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:11/120)

عَنْ أَبِي السَّفَاتِجِ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: اِئْتِ بِقُرْآنٍ غَيْرِ هٰذٰا أَوْ بَدِّلْهُ :

«يَعْنِي أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)».

Translation: From Abu al-Safataj, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), regarding Allah’s words: “Bring a Quran other than this or change it”: “They meant the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him).”

99-/4860 _6) (Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:12/120)

عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «لَمْ يَزَلْ رَسُولُ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)يَقُولُ: إِنِّي أَخٰافُ إِنْ عَصَيْتُ رَبِّي عَذٰابَ يَوْمٍ عَظِيمٍ حَتَّى نَزَلَتْ سُورَةُ الْفَتْحِ فَلَمْ يَعُدْ إِلَى ذَلِكَ الْكَلاَمِ».

Translation: From Mansur ibn Hazim, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), who said: “The Messenger (may Allah bless him and his family) continued to say, ‘Surely I fear, if I disobey my Lord, the chastisement of a grievous day,’ until Surah al-Fath was revealed; then he no longer returned to that statement.”

/Qur’an 10:18–19

وَيَعْبُدُونَ مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ مَا لَا يَضُرُّهُمْ وَلَا يَنفَعُهُمْ وَيَقُولُونَ هَٰؤُلَاءِ شُفَعَاؤُنَا عِندَ اللَّهِ ۚ قُلْ أَتُنَبِّئُونَ اللَّهَ بِمَا لَا يَعْلَمُ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَلَا فِي الْأَرْضِ ۚ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَىٰ عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ

وَمَا كَانَ النَّاسُ إِلَّا أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً فَاخْتَلَفُوا ۚ وَلَوْلَا كَلِمَةٌ سَبَقَتْ مِن رَّبِّكَ لَقُضِيَ بَيْنَهُمْ فِيمَا فِيهِ يَخْتَلِفُونَ

Translation (M. H. Shakir):

10:18 And they serve besides Allah that which can neither harm them nor profit them, and they say: These are our mediators with Allah. Say: Do you inform Allah of what He does not know in the heavens and the earth? Glory be to Him, and supremely exalted is He above what they set up (with Him).

10:19 And people are naught but a single nation, then they disagree; and had not a word already gone forth from your Lord, the matter would have certainly been decided between them in respect of that in which they disagree.

/4861 _1) (Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:310)

قال عليّ بن إبراهيم:كانت قريش تعبد الأصنام و يقولون:إنّما نعبدهم ليقربونا إلى اللّه زلفى،فإنا لا نقدر على عبادة اللّه.فردّ اللّه عليهم،فقال:قل لهم،يا محمد: أَ تُنَبِّئُونَ اللّٰهَ بِمٰا لاٰ يَعْلَمُ أي ليس يعلم،فوضع حرفا مكان حرف،أي ليس له شريك يعبد.

و قال:قوله: وَ مٰا كٰانَ النّٰاسُ إِلاّٰ أُمَّةً وٰاحِدَةً أي على مذهب واحد فَاخْتَلَفُوا وَ لَوْ لاٰ كَلِمَةٌ سَبَقَتْ مِنْ رَبِّكَ لَقُضِيَ بَيْنَهُمْ أي كان ذلك في علم اللّه السابق أن يختلفوا،و بعث فيهم الأنبياء و الأئمة بعد الأنبياء،و لولا ذلك لهلكوا عند اختلافهم.

Translation: Ali ibn Ibrahim said: Quraysh used to worship idols and would say: “We only worship them so that they may bring us nearer to Allah, for we are unable to worship Allah.” So Allah refuted them, saying: Tell them, O Muhammad: “Do you inform Allah of what He does not know?”—that is, what He does not know to exist—He has put one expression in place of another, meaning: He has no partner to be worshiped.

And he said regarding His words: “And mankind were naught but a single community, then they differed”: that is, they were upon one way, then they differed. “And were it not for a Word that had already gone forth from your Lord, it would have been decided between them”: that is, it was in Allah’s prior knowledge that they would differ; and He sent among them the prophets, and the Imams after the prophets; and were it not for that, they would have perished at their divergence.