S 3 A 83-91

قوله تعالى:

أَ فَغَيْرَ دِينِ اللّٰهِ يَبْغُونَ وَ لَهُ أَسْلَمَ مَنْ فِي السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ طَوْعاً وَ كَرْهاً وَ إِلَيْهِ يُرْجَعُونَ -إلى قوله تعالى:- وَ مٰا لَهُمْ مِنْ نٰاصِرِينَ [83-91]

[3:83] What! do they seek a religion other than Allah’s and to Him submits whoever is in the heavens and the earth, willingly or unwillingly, and to Him shall they be returned. … [3:91] Surely those who disbelieve and die while they are unbelievers, the (whole) earth full of gold shall not be accepted from one of them, though he should offer it as ransom; these it is who shall have a painful chastisement, and they shall have no helpers. (M. H. Shakir)

99-/1775 _1- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ أَبِي الْأَحْوَصِ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى خَلَقَ فِي مُبْتَدَإِ الْخَلْقِ بَحْرَيْنِ:أَحَدُهُمَا عَذْبٌ فُرَاتٌ،وَ الْآخَرُ مِلْحٌ أُجَاجٌ،ثُمَّ خَلَقَ تُرْبَةَ آدَمَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)مِنَ الْبَحْرِ الْعَذْبِ الْفُرَاتِ، ثُمَّ أَجْرَاهُ عَلَى الْبَحْرِ الْأُجَاجِ،فَجَعَلَهُ حَمَأً مَسْنُوناً،وَ هُوَ خَلْقُ آدَمَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،ثُمَّ قَبَضَ قَبْضَةً مِنْ كَتِفِ آدَمَ الْأَيْمَنِ، فَذَرَأَهَا فِي صُلْبِ آدَمَ،فَقَالَ:هَؤُلاَءِ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَ لاَ أُبَالِي[ثُمَّ قَبَضَ مِنْ كَتِفِ آدَمَ الْأَيْسَرِ فَذَرَأَهَا فِي صُلْبِ آدَمَ،فَقَالَ:

هَؤُلاَءِ فِي النَّارِ وَ لاَ أُبَالِي]وَ لاَ أُسْأَلُ عَمَّا أَفْعَلُ وَ لِي فِي هَؤُلاَءِ الْبَدَاءُ بَعْدُ وَ فِي هَؤُلاَءِ،وَ هَؤُلاَءِ سَيُبْتَلَوْنَ» [1].

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«فَاحْتَجَّ يَوْمَئِذٍ أَصْحَابُ الشِّمَالِ وَ هُمْ ذَرٌّ عَلَى خَالِقِهِمْ،فَقَالُوا:يَا رَبَّنَا بِمَ أَوْجَبْتَ لَنَا النَّارَ وَ أَنْتَ الْحَكَمُ الْعَدْلُ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تَحْتَجَّ عَلَيْنَا وَ تَبْلُوَنَا بِالرُّسُلِ وَ تَعْلَمَ طَاعَتَنَا لَكَ وَ مَعْصِيَتَنَا؟فَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى:فَأَنَا أُخْبِرُكُمْ بِالْحُجَّةِ عَلَيْكُمْ الْآنَ فِي الطَّاعَةِ وَ الْمَعْصِيَةِ وَ الْإِعْذَارِ بَعْدَ الْإِخْبَارِ».

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَى مَالِكٍ خَازِنِ النَّارِ،أَنْ مُرِ النَّارَ تَشْهَقْ،ثُمَّ تُخْرِجُ عُنُقاً مِنْهَا،فَخَرَجَتْ لَهُمْ،ثُمَّ قَالَ اللَّهُ لَهُمُ:اُدْخُلُوهَا طَائِعِينَ.فَقَالُوا:لاَ نَدْخُلُهَا طَائِعِينَ.ثُمَّ قَالَ:اُدْخُلُوهَا طَائِعِينَ أَوْ لَأُعَذِّبَنَّكُمْ بِهَا كَارِهِينَ.

قَالُوا:إِنَّمَا هَرَبْنَا إِلَيْكَ مِنْهَا،وَ حَاجَجْنَاكَ فِيهَا حَيْثُ أَوْجَبْتَهَا عَلَيْنَا،وَ صَيَّرْتَنَا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الشِّمَالِ،فَكَيْفَ نَدْخُلُهَا طَائِعِينَ؟وَ لَكِنْ ابْدَأْ بِأَصْحَابِ الْيَمِينِ فِي دُخُولِهَا كَيْ تَكُونَ قَدْ عَدَلْتَ فِينَا وَ فِيهِمْ».

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«فَأَمَرَ أَصْحَابَ الْيَمِينِ وَ هُمْ ذَرٌّ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ،فَقَالَ:اُدْخُلُوا هَذِهِ النَّارَ طَائِعِينَ.قَالَ:

فَطَفِقُوا يَتَبَادَرُونَ فِي دُخُولِهَا فَوَلِجُوا فِيهَا جَمِيعاً،فَصَيَّرَهَا اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ بَرْداً وَ سَلاَماً،ثُمَّ أَخْرَجَهُمْ مِنْهَا،ثُمَّ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى نَادَى فِي أَصْحَابِ الْيَمِينِ وَ أَصْحَابِ الشِّمَالِ:أَ لَسْتُ بِرَبِّكُمْ؟فَقَالَ أَصْحَابُ الْيَمِينِ:بَلَى يَا رَبَّنَا، نَحْنُ بَرِيَّتُكَ وَ خَلْقُكَ مُقِرِّيْنَ طَائِعِينَ.وَ قَالَ أَصْحَابُ الشِّمَالِ:بَلَى يَا رَبَّنَا نَحْنُ بَرِيَّتُكَ وَ خَلْقُكَ كَارِهِينَ.وَ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ: وَ لَهُ أَسْلَمَ مَنْ فِي السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ طَوْعاً وَ كَرْهاً وَ إِلَيْهِ يُرْجَعُونَ -قَالَ-:تَوْحِيدُهُمْ لِلَّهِ».

99-/1775 - Tafsir al-‘Ayyāshī: From ‘Ammār b. Abī al-Aḥwaṣ, from Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him): “Indeed Allah, Blessed and Exalted, created at the beginning of creation two seas: one sweet and pleasant, and the other salty and bitter. Then He created the clay of Adam (peace be upon him) from the sweet, pleasant sea, then ran it over the salty sea, making it black mud altered—this is the creation of Adam (peace be upon him). Then He took a handful from Adam’s right shoulder and scattered it into Adam’s loins, and said: These are for Paradise and I do not mind. [Then He took from Adam’s left shoulder and scattered it into Adam’s loins, and said: These are for the Fire and I do not mind.] I am not asked about what I do, and I reserve for these and those the prerogative of bada’ afterwards, and these and those will be tested.”

Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him) said: “On that day, the people of the left—while still motes before their Creator—contested, saying: Our Lord, on what basis have You made the Fire incumbent upon us, while You are the Just Judge, before You establish the case against us, test us by the messengers, and know our obedience and disobedience to You? Allah, Blessed and Exalted, said: I will now inform you of the proof against you regarding obedience and disobedience, and the excuse after the information.”

Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him) said: “Allah revealed to Mālik, keeper of the Fire: Command the Fire to roar and then extend a neck from it. It extended toward them. Then Allah said to them: Enter it willingly. They said: We will not enter it willingly. Then He said: Enter it willingly, or I will surely punish you with it unwillingly. They said: We have only fled to You from it and argued with You concerning it since You decreed it for us and made us of the people of the left; so how can we enter it willingly? Rather, begin with the people of the right entering it, so that You will have dealt justly between us and them.”

Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him) said: “So He commanded the people of the right, while they were motes before Him, and said: Enter this Fire willingly. They began competing to enter it and all went in. Allah made it coolness and peace upon them, then He brought them out of it. Then Allah, Blessed and Exalted, called out among the people of the right and the people of the left: Am I not your Lord? The people of the right said: Yes, our Lord, we are Your creatures and creation, acknowledging You willingly. The people of the left said: Yes, our Lord, we are Your creatures and creation, unwilling. And that is His saying: ‘And to Him submits whoever is in the heavens and the earth, willingly or unwillingly, and to Him they shall be returned’ [3:83]—meaning: their affirmation of Allah’s oneness.”

99-/1776 _2- عَنْ عَبَايَةَ الْأَسَدِيِّ:أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يَقُولُ: « وَ لَهُ أَسْلَمَ مَنْ فِي السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ طَوْعاً وَ كَرْهاً وَ إِلَيْهِ يُرْجَعُونَ أَ كَانَ ذَلِكَ بَعْدُ؟».قُلْتُ:نَعَمْ،يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ.

99-/1776 - From ‘Abāyah al-Asadī: He heard the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) say: “And to Him submits whoever is in the heavens and the earth, willingly or unwillingly, and to Him they shall be returned—has that happened yet?” I said: Yes, O Commander of the Faithful.

قَالَ:«كَلاَّ وَ الَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ،حَتَّى يَدْخُلَ الْمَرْأَةُ بِمَنْ عَذَّبَ آمِنِينَ،لاَ تَخَافُ حَيَّةً وَ لاَ عَقْرَباً فَمَا سِوَى ذَلِكَ» [1].

He said: “No, by Him in Whose hand is my soul, not until the woman will enter with whomever tormented her, in safety—fearing neither snake nor scorpion—beyond that.” [1]

99-/1777 _3- عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ مِيثَمٍ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: وَ لَهُ أَسْلَمَ مَنْ فِي السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ طَوْعاً وَ كَرْهاً .

قَالَ:«ذَلِكَ حِينَ يَقُولُ عَلِيٌّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):أَنَا أَوْلَى النَّاسِ بِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ وَ أَقْسَمُوا بِاللّٰهِ جَهْدَ أَيْمٰانِهِمْ لاٰ يَبْعَثُ اللّٰهُ مَنْ يَمُوتُ بَلىٰ وَعْداً عَلَيْهِ حَقًّا وَ لٰكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ النّٰاسِ لاٰ يَعْلَمُونَ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: كٰاذِبِينَ [2]».

99-/1777 - From Ṣāliḥ b. Maytham: He said: I asked Abū Ja‘far (peace be upon him) about Allah’s saying: “And to Him submits whoever is in the heavens and the earth, willingly or unwillingly.” He said: “That will be when ‘Alī (peace be upon him) says: I am the one most entitled regarding this verse; ‘And they swore by Allah with their most strenuous oaths that Allah will not raise up him who dies. Aye! a promise on Him which is true, but most people do not know … to His saying: ‘liars’’ [16:38-39].”

[16:38-39] And they swore by Allah with the strongest of their oaths that Allah will not raise up him who dies. Aye! a promise binding on Him which is true, but most people do not know. So that He might make manifest to them that about which they differ, and that those who disbelieve might know that they were liars. (M. H. Shakir)

99-/1778 _4- عَنْ رِفَاعَةَ بْنِ مُوسَى،قَالَ:سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يَقُولُ: وَ لَهُ أَسْلَمَ مَنْ فِي السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ طَوْعاً وَ كَرْهاً .قَالَ:«إِذَا قَامَ الْقَائِمُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)لاَ تَبْقَى أَرْضٌ إِلاَّ نُودِيَ فِيهَا بِشَهَادَةِ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ،وَ أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً رَسُولُ اللَّهِ».

99-/1778 - From Rifā‘ah b. Mūsā: He said: I heard Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him) say, concerning “And to Him submits whoever is in the heavens and the earth, willingly or unwillingly”: “When the Qā’im (peace be upon him) rises, there will be no land except that the testimony ‘There is no god but Allah, and Muḥammad is the Messenger of Allah’ is proclaimed therein.”

99-/1779 _5- عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ،قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) عَنْ قَوْلِهِ: وَ لَهُ أَسْلَمَ مَنْ فِي السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ طَوْعاً وَ كَرْهاً .قَالَ:«أُنْزِلَتْ فِي الْقَائِمِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)إِذَا خَرَجَ بِالْيَهُودِ وَ النَّصَارَى وَ الصَّابِئِينَ وَ الزَّنَادِقَةِ وَ أَهْلِ الرِّدَّةِ وَ الْكُفَّارِ فِي شَرْقِ الْأَرْضِ وَ غَرْبِهَا،فَعَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْإِسْلاَمَ،فَمَنْ أَسْلَمَ طَوْعاً أَمَرَهُ بِالصَّلاَةِ وَ الزَّكَاةِ وَ مَا يُؤْمَرُ بِهِ الْمُسْلِمُ وَ يَجِبُ لِلَّهِ تَعَالَى عَلَيْهِ،وَ مَنْ لَمْ يُسْلِمْ ضَرَبَ عُنُقَهُ حَتَّى لاَ يَبْقَى فِي الْمَشَارِقِ وَ الْمَغَارِبِ أَحَدٌ إِلاَّ وَحَّدَ اللَّهَ».

قُلْتُ لَهُ:جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ،إِنَّ الْخَلْقَ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ؟فَقَالَ:«إِنَّ اللَّهَ إِذَا أَرَادَ أَمْراً قَلَّلَ الْكَثِيرَ وَ كَثَّرَ الْقَلِيلَ».

99-/1779 - From Ibn Bukayr: He said: I asked Abū al-Ḥasan (peace be upon him) about His saying: “And to Him submits whoever is in the heavens and the earth, willingly or unwillingly.” He said: “It was revealed about the Qā’im (peace be upon him): when he emerges against the Jews, Christians, Sabians, atheists, apostates, and disbelievers in the East and West of the earth, he will present Islam to them. Whoever accepts Islam willingly, he commands him to perform the prayer, give the alms, and all that a Muslim is commanded and owes to Allah, Exalted. Whoever does not accept, he will strike his neck, until there remains in the Easts and Wests none but that he has declared Allah’s oneness.” I said to him: May I be ransomed for you, the people are more numerous than that! He said: “When Allah intends a matter, He makes the many few and the few many.”

99-/1780 _6- ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ:عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ،عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ هَاشِمٍ؛وَ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ جَمِيعاً،عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ،عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ [3]،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ:سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ فِي قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ لَهُ أَسْلَمَ مَنْ فِي السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ طَوْعاً وَ كَرْهاً .قَالَ:«هُوَ تَوْحِيدُهُمْ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ».

99-/1780 - Ibn Bābawayh: From his father, from Sa‘d b. ‘Abdillāh, from Ibrāhīm b. Hāshim and Ya‘qūb b. Yazīd together, from Ibn Faḍḍāl, from Ibn Bukayr [3], from Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him). He said: I heard him say regarding His saying, Mighty and Majestic: “And to Him submits whoever is in the heavens and the earth, willingly or unwillingly.” He said: “It is their declaring Allah’s oneness, Mighty and Majestic.”

99-/1781 _7- الشَّيْخُ فِي(أَمَالِيهِ)قَالَ:أَخْبَرَنَا جَمَاعَةٌ،عَنْ أَبِي الْمُفَضَّلِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ الْجَوْهَرِيُّ بِالْبَصْرَةِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ النَّوْفَلِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي،قَالَ:سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَوْنٍ ابْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ: وَ لَهُ أَسْلَمَ مَنْ فِي السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ طَوْعاً وَ كَرْهاً .قَالَ:أَسْلَمَتِ الْمَلاَئِكَةُ فِي السَّمَاءِ،وَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ طَوْعاً،أَوَّلُهُمْ وَ سَابِقُهُمْ مِنْ

هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،وَ لِكُلِّ أُمَّةٍ سَابِقٌ،وَ أَسْلَمَ الْمُنَافِقُونَ كَرْهاً،وَ كَانَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) أَوَّلَ الْأُمَّةِ إِسْلاَماً،وَ أَوَّلَهُمْ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ لِلْمُشْرِكِينَ قِتَالاً،وَ قَاتَلَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ الْمُنَافِقِينَ وَ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ كَرْهاً.

99-/1781 - Al-Shaykh in his Amālī: He narrated from a group, from Abū al-Mufaḍḍal… from Ibn ‘Abbās regarding this verse: “And to Him submits whoever is in the heavens and the earth, willingly or unwillingly.” He said: “The angels in the heaven and the believers on earth submitted willingly—the first and foremost of this community is ‘Alī b. Abī Ṭālib (peace be upon him), and for every community there is a foremost. The hypocrites submitted unwillingly. ‘Alī b. Abī Ṭālib (peace be upon him) was the first of the community to accept Islam, the first whom the Messenger of Allah sent to fight the polytheists, and after him he fought the hypocrites and those who had submitted unwillingly.”

99-/1782 _8- عَنْهُ:بِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَحَّامُ:حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ الْهَاشِمِيُّ الْمَنْصُورِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي عَمُّ أَبِي:أَبُو مُوسَى عِيسَى بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عِيسَى بْنِ الْمَنْصُورِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي الْإِمَامُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُوسَى،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي مُوسَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: «كُنْتُ عِنْدَ سَيِّدِنَا الصَّادِقِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)إِذْ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ أَشْجَعُ السُّلَمِيُّ يَمْدَحُهُ فَوَجَدَهُ عَلِيلاً، فَجَلَسَ وَ أَمْسَكَ،فَقَالَ لَهُ سَيِّدُنَا الصَّادِقُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):عُدْ عَنِ الْعِلَّةِ،وَ اذْكُرْ مَا جِئْتَ لَهُ.فَقَالَ لَهُ:

أَلْبَسَكَ اللَّهُ مِنْهُ عَافِيَةً

فِي نَوْمِكَ الْمُعْتَرِي وَ فِي أَرَقِكَ

يُخْرِجُ مِنْ جِسْمِكَ السِّقَامَ كَمَا

أَخْرَجَ ذُلَّ السُّؤَالِ مِنْ عُنُقِكَ

فَقَالَ:يَا غُلاَمُ،أَيُّ شَيْءٍ مَعَكَ؟قَالَ:أَرْبَعُمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ.قَالَ:أَعْطِهَا لِلْأَشْجَعِ.قَالَ:فَأَخَذَهَا وَ شَكَرَ،وَ وَلَّى.فَقَالَ:رُدُّوهُ.

فَقَالَ:يَا سَيِّدِي،سَأَلْتُ فَأَعْطَيْتَ فَأَغْنَيْتَ،فَلِمَ رَدَدْتَنِي؟قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي،عَنْ آبَائِهِ،عَنِ النَّبِيِّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)أَنَّهُ قَالَ:خَيْرُ الْعَطَاءِ مَا أَبْقَى نِعْمَةً بَاقِيَةً،وَ إِنَّ الَّذِي أَعْطَيْتُكَ لاَ يُبْقِي لَكَ نِعْمَةً بَاقِيَةً،وَ هَذَا خَاتَمِي فَإِنْ أُعْطِيتَ بِهِ عَشَرَةَ آلاَفِ دِرْهَمٍ،وَ إِلاَّ فَعُدْ إِلَيَّ وَقْتَ كَذَا وَ كَذَا أُوفِكَ إِيَّاهَا.

قَالَ:يَا سَيِّدِي،قَدْ أَغْنَيْتَنِي وَ أَنَا كَثِيرُ الْأَسْفَارِ،وَ أَحْصُلُ فِي الْمَوَاضِعِ الْمُفْزِعَةِ فَتُعَلِّمُنِي مَا آمَنُ بِهِ عَلَى نَفْسِي؟ قَالَ:إِذَا خِفْتَ أَمْراً فَاتْرُكْ يَمِينَكَ عَلَى أُمِّ رَأْسِكَ،وَ اقْرَأْ بِرَفِيعِ صَوْتِكَ أَ فَغَيْرَ دِينِ اللّٰهِ يَبْغُونَ وَ لَهُ أَسْلَمَ مَنْ فِي السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ طَوْعاً وَ كَرْهاً وَ إِلَيْهِ يُرْجَعُونَ .

قَالَ أَشْجَعُ:فَحَصَلْتُ فِي وَادٍ تَعْبَثُ فِيهِ الْجِنُّ،فَسَمِعْتُ قَائِلاً يَقُولُ:خُذُوهُ.فَقَرَأْتُهَا،فَقَالَ قَائِلٌ:كَيْفَ نَأْخُذُهُ وَ قَدِ احْتَجَزَ بِآيَةٍ طَيِّبَةٍ؟».

99-/1782 - From him, with his chain… Abū Muḥammad al-Faḥḥām said: Abū al-Ḥasan Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. ‘Ubaydillāh al-Hāshimī al-Manṣūrī narrated to us… to Mūsā b. Ja‘far (peace be upon them) who said: “I was with our master al-Ṣādiq (peace be upon him) when Ashja‘ al-Sulamī entered to praise him, and found him ill. He sat and held back. Our master al-Ṣādiq (peace be upon him) said to him: Leave aside the illness and mention what you came for. He said [reciting verses]: ‘May Allah clothe you in well-being from it, in your slumber that comes upon you and in your wakefulness; may He expel sickness from your body as He has removed from your neck the humiliation of asking.’ He said: O boy, what do you have? He said: Four hundred dirhams. He said: Give them to Ashja‘. He took them, thanked him, and left. He said: Bring him back. He said: My master, I asked and you gave and enriched me—why did you call me back? He said: My father narrated to me, from his forefathers, from the Prophet (Allah bless him and his family), that he said: ‘The best gift is that which leaves a lasting blessing.’ What I gave you does not leave you a lasting blessing; and here is my ring—if you are given by it ten thousand dirhams, then [good]; otherwise return to me at such-and-such a time and I will complete them for you. He said: My master, you have enriched me, but I travel a lot and end up in frightening places—teach me something by which I may be safe. He said: When you fear a matter, place your right hand on the crown of your head and recite aloud: ‘What! do they seek a religion other than Allah’s, and to Him submits whoever is in the heavens and the earth, willingly or unwillingly, and to Him shall they be returned’ [3:83].” Ashja‘ said: “I came into a valley where the jinn would play about; I heard one say: Seize him! I recited it, and another said: How can we seize him when he has protected himself with a noble verse?”

99-/1783 _9- و قال عليّ بن إبراهيم:قوله تعالى: أَ فَغَيْرَ دِينِ اللّٰهِ يَبْغُونَ قال:أ غير هذا الدين قلت لكم أن تقروا بمحمّد و وصيه وَ لَهُ أَسْلَمَ مَنْ فِي السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ طَوْعاً وَ كَرْهاً أي فرقا من السيف. ثم أمر نبيه(صلّى اللّه عليه و آله)بالإقرار بالأنبياء و الرسل و الكتب،فقال: قُلْ يَا مُحَمَّدُ آمَنّٰا بِاللّٰهِ وَ مٰا أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْنٰا وَ مٰا أُنْزِلَ عَلىٰ إِبْرٰاهِيمَ وَ إِسْمٰاعِيلَ وَ إِسْحٰاقَ وَ يَعْقُوبَ وَ الْأَسْبٰاطِ وَ مٰا أُوتِيَ مُوسىٰ وَ عِيسىٰ وَ مَا أُوتِيَ اَلنَّبِيُّونَ مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ لاٰ نُفَرِّقُ بَيْنَ أَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ وَ نَحْنُ لَهُ مُسْلِمُونَ .

99-/1783 - And ‘Alī b. Ibrāhīm said about His saying, Exalted: “What! do they seek a religion other than Allah’s”: Is it other than this religion that I told you to profess—that you acknowledge Muḥammad and his legatee? “And to Him submits whoever is in the heavens and the earth, willingly or unwillingly”—that is, out of fear of the sword. Then He commanded His Prophet (Allah bless him and his family) to declare belief in the prophets, messengers, and scriptures, so He said: “Say, O Muḥammad: ‘We believe in Allah and in what has been revealed to us, and what was revealed to Abraham and Ishmael and Isaac and Jacob and the Tribes, and what was given to Moses and Jesus and to the prophets from their Lord; we do not make any distinction between any of them, and to Him do we submit’” [3:84].

[3:84] Say: We believe in Allah and in what has been revealed to us, and what was revealed to Ibrahim and Ismail and Ishaq and Yaqoub and the tribes, and what was given to Musa and Isa and to the prophets from their Lord; we do not make any distinction between any of them, and to Him do we submit. (M. H. Shakir)

99-/1784 _10- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ حَنَانِ بْنِ سَدِيرٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):هَلْ كَانَ وُلْدُ يَعْقُوبَ أَنْبِيَاءَ؟قَالَ:«لاَ،وَ لَكِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا أَسْبَاطَ أَوْلاَدِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ،لَمْ يَكُونُوا فَارَقُوا الدُّنْيَا إِلاَّ سُعَدَاءَ،تَابُوا وَ تَذَكَّرُوا مَا صَنَعُوا».

99-/1784 - Al-‘Ayyāshī: From Ḥanān b. Sadīr, from his father. He said: I said to Abū Ja‘far (peace be upon him): Were the sons of Jacob prophets? He said: “No, but they were the tribes—the sons of prophets. They did not leave this world except as the felicitous; they repented and remembered what they had done.”

99-/1785 _11- و قال عليّ بن إبراهيم:و قوله: وَ مَنْ يَبْتَغِ غَيْرَ الْإِسْلاٰمِ دِيناً فَلَنْ يُقْبَلَ مِنْهُ فإنه محكم،ثم ذكر اللّه عزّ و جلّ: اَلَّذِينَ يَنْقُضُونَ عَهْدَ اللّٰهِ في أمير المؤمنين(عليه السلام)و كفروا بعد الرسول،فقال: كَيْفَ يَهْدِي اللّٰهُ قَوْماً كَفَرُوا بَعْدَ إِيمٰانِهِمْ وَ شَهِدُوا أَنَّ الرَّسُولَ حَقٌّ وَ جٰاءَهُمُ الْبَيِّنٰاتُ وَ اللّٰهُ لاٰ يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الظّٰالِمِينَ* أُولٰئِكَ جَزٰاؤُهُمْ أَنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ لَعْنَةَ اللّٰهِ وَ الْمَلاٰئِكَةِ وَ النّٰاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ* خٰالِدِينَ فِيهٰا لاٰ يُخَفَّفُ عَنْهُمُ الْعَذٰابُ وَ لاٰ هُمْ يُنْظَرُونَ* إِلاَّ الَّذِينَ تٰابُوا مِنْ بَعْدِ ذٰلِكَ وَ أَصْلَحُوا فَإِنَّ اللّٰهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ* إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بَعْدَ إِيمٰانِهِمْ ثُمَّ ازْدٰادُوا كُفْراً لَنْ تُقْبَلَ تَوْبَتُهُمْ وَ أُولٰئِكَ هُمُ الضّٰالُّونَ* إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَ مٰاتُوا وَ هُمْ كُفّٰارٌ فَلَنْ يُقْبَلَ مِنْ أَحَدِهِمْ مِلْءُ الْأَرْضِ ذَهَباً وَ لَوِ افْتَدىٰ بِهِ أُولٰئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذٰابٌ أَلِيمٌ وَ مٰا لَهُمْ مِنْ نٰاصِرِينَ فهذه كلها في أعداء آل محمد(صلّى اللّه عليه و آله).

99-/1785 - And ‘Alī b. Ibrāhīm said: As for His saying: “And whoever desires a religion other than Islam, it shall not be accepted from him”—it is decisive. Then Allah, Mighty and Majestic, mentioned: “Those who break the covenant of Allah” concerning the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him), and disbelieved after the Messenger. So He said: “How shall Allah guide a people who disbelieved after their believing, and had borne witness that the Messenger is true, and clear arguments had come to them, and Allah does not guide the unjust people. Those—their recompense is that upon them is the curse of Allah and the angels and men altogether, abiding therein; the chastisement shall not be lightened for them, nor shall they be respited—except those who repent after that and make amends; for surely Allah is Forgiving, Merciful. Surely those who disbelieve after their believing, then increase in disbelief, their repentance shall never be accepted; and these are they that go astray. Surely those who disbelieve and die while they are unbelievers, the (whole) earth full of gold shall not be accepted from one of them, though he should offer it as ransom; these it is who shall have a painful chastisement, and they shall have no helpers” [3:86-91]. All of this pertains to the enemies of the family of Muḥammad (Allah bless him and his family).

[3:86-91] How shall Allah guide a people who disbelieved after their believing and (after) they had borne witness that the Messenger is true and clear arguments had come to them; and Allah does not guide the unjust people. Those, their reward is that upon them is the curse of Allah and the angels and of men altogether. Abiding therein; their chastisement shall not be lightened, nor shall they be respited; Except those who repent after that and amend, then surely Allah is Forgiving, Merciful. Surely (as for) those who disbelieve after their believing, and then increase in unbelief, their repentance shall not be accepted, and these are they that go astray. Surely (as for) those who disbelieve and die while they are unbelievers, then the (whole) earth full of gold shall not be accepted from one of them though he should offer it as ransom; these it is who shall have a painful chastisement, and they shall have no helpers. (M. H. Shakir)

99-/1786 _12- الطَّبْرِسِيُّ فِي(مَجْمَعِ الْبَيَانِ) ،فِي قَوْلِهِ: كَيْفَ يَهْدِي اللّٰهُ قَوْماً كَفَرُوا بَعْدَ إِيمٰانِهِمْ -إِلَى قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى- إِلاَّ الَّذِينَ تٰابُوا قِيلَ:نَزَلَتِ الْآيَاتُ فِي رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ يُقَالُ لَهُ:اَلْحَارِثُ بْنُ سُوَيْدِ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ،وَ كَانَ قَتَلَ الْمُجَذِّرَ بْنَ زِيَادٍ الْبَلَوِيَّ غَدْراً وَ هَرَبَ،وَ ارْتَدَّ عَنِ الْإِسْلاَمِ،وَ لَحِقَ بِمَكَّةَ،ثُمَّ نَدِمَ فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى قَوْمِهِ أَنْ يَسْأَلُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)هَلْ لِي مِنْ تَوْبَةٍ؟فَسَأَلُوا،فَنَزَلَتِ الْآيَاتُ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: إِلاَّ الَّذِينَ تٰابُوا فَحَمَلَهَا إِلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ، فَقَالَ:إِنِّي لَأَعْلَمُ إِنَّكَ لَصَدُوقٌ،وَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)أَصْدَقُ مِنْكَ،وَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى أَصْدَقُ الثَّلاَثَةِ.وَ رَجَعَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ،وَ تَابَ وَ حَسُنَ إِسْلاَمُهُ. قَالَ الطَّبْرِسِيُّ:وَ هُوَ الْمَرْوِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ).

99-/1786 - Al-Ṭabrisī in Majma‘ al-Bayān, regarding His saying: “How shall Allah guide a people who disbelieved after their believing … to His saying: ‘except those who repent’”: It is said the verses were revealed about a man from the Anṣār named al-Ḥārith b. Suwayd b. al-Ṣāmit, who treacherously killed al-Mujadhdhar b. Ziyād al-Balawī and fled, apostatized from Islam, and went to Mecca. Then he regretted it and sent to his people to ask the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and his family): Is there repentance for me? They asked, and the verses were revealed up to His saying: “except those who repent.” A man from his people carried it to him, and he said: I know you are truthful, and the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and his family) is more truthful than you, and Allah, Exalted, is the most truthful of the three. He returned to Medina, repented, and his Islam became good. Al-Ṭabrisī said: And this is what is narrated from Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him).

قوله تعالى:

لَنْ تَنٰالُوا الْبِرَّ حَتّٰى تُنْفِقُوا مِمّٰا تُحِبُّونَ[92]

[3:92] By no means shall you attain to righteousness until you spend (benevolently) out of what you love. (M. H. Shakir)

99-/1787 _1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ،عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ ظَبْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «لَنْ تَنَالُوا الْبِرَّ حَتَّى تُنْفِقُوا مَا تُحِبُّونَ،هَكَذَا فَاقْرَأْهَا».

99-/1787 - Muḥammad b. Ya‘qūb: From ‘Alī b. Ibrāhīm, from his father, from ‘Umar b. ‘Abd al-‘Azīz, from Yūnus b. Ẓabiyān, from Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him): “You shall not attain righteousness until you spend what you love—read it like this.”

99-/1788 _2- عَنْهُ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى؛وَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ جَمِيعاً،

99-/1788 - From him, from Muḥammad b. Yaḥyā, from Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. ‘Īsā; and from ‘Alī b. Ibrāhīm, from his father—together, [report continues].

_1) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:78/182.

_1) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:78/182.

_2) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:79/183.

_2) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:79/183.

[1] في«ط»:سيسألون.

[1] fī “Ṭ”: sayus’alūn.

_3) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:80/183.

_3) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:80/183.

_4) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:81/183،ينابيع المودة:421.

_4) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:81/183, Yanābī‘ al-Mawadda: 421.

_5) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:82/183.

_5) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:82/183.

_6) -التوحيد:7/46.

_6) -al-Tawḥīd: 7/46.

_7) -الأمالي 2:117.

_7) -al-Amālī 2:117.

[1] كذا،و لا يخلو الحديث من اضطراب في ألفاظه،و الظاهر أنّه«حتّى تدخل المرأة بمن عزب آمنة،و لا تخاف حيّة و لا عقرب...».

[1] kadhā, wa lā yakhlu al-ḥadīth min iḍṭirāb fī alfāẓih, wa al-ẓāhir annahu “ḥattā tadkhul al-mar’atu bi-man ‘azaba āmīnah, wa lā takhāfu ḥayyatan wa lā ‘aqraban…”

[2] النّحل 16:38-39.

[2] al-Naḥl 16:38-39.

[3] في المصدر:ابن بكير،عن زرارة،و ابن بكير يروي عن أبي عبد اللّه(عليه السّلام)،و عن زرارة،انظر معجم رجال الحديث 7:248 و 22:161.

[3] fī al-maṣdar: Ibn Bukayr, ‘an Zurārah; wa Ibn Bukayr yarwī ‘an Abī ‘Abdillāh (alayhi al-salām), wa ‘an Zurārah; unẓur Mu‘jam Rijāl al-Ḥadīth 7:248 wa 22:161.

_8) -الأمالي 1:287.

_8) -al-Amālī 1:287.

_9) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:107.

_9) -Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:107.

[1] هو أشجع بن عمرو السلمي،كان شاعرا مفلقا،مكثرا سائر الشعر،معدودا في فحول الشعراء،عده ابن شهر آشوب من شعراء أهل البيت المتكلفين.انظر ترجمته في تاريخ بغداد 7:45،معالم العلماء:153،أعيان الشيعة 3:447-459.

[1] huwa Ashja‘ b. ‘Amr al-Sulamī, kāna shā‘iran mufallaqan, mukthiran sā’ir al-shi‘r, ma‘dūdan fī fuḥūl al-shu‘arā’, ‘addahu Ibn Shahr Āshūb min shu‘arā’ Ahl al-Bayt al-mutatallifīn. Unẓur tarjamatuhu fī Tārīkh Baghdād 7:45, Ma‘ālim al-‘Ulamā’: 153, A‘yān al-Shī‘a 3:447-459.

[2] في المصدر:دار.

[2] fī al-maṣdar: dār.

[3] في المصدر:الذي.

[3] fī al-maṣdar: alladhī.

_10) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:83/184.

_10) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:83/184.

_11) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:107.

_11) -Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:107.

_12) -مجمع البيان 2:789.

_12) -Majma‘ al-Bayān 2:789.

_1) -الكافي 8:209/183.

_1) -al-Kāfī 8:209/183.

_2) -الكافي 2:1/126.

_2) -al-Kāfī 2:1/126.

[1] البقرة 2:27.

[1] al-Baqara 2:27.