An-Nahl Ayah 70-72

النحل آيه 72-70

الْقُرْآنِ وَ مَضْغِ اللُّبَانِ [1]،يُذِيبُ الْبَلْغَمَ.

Translation: The Qur’an and chewing lubān [1] dissolve phlegm.

قوله تعالى:

وَ اللّٰهُ خَلَقَكُمْ ثُمَّ يَتَوَفّٰاكُمْ وَ مِنْكُمْ مَنْ يُرَدُّ إِلىٰ أَرْذَلِ الْعُمُرِ [70]

Translation (Qur’an 16:70, M. H. Shakir): And Allah has created you, then He causes you to die; and of you there is he who is brought back to the worst part of life, so that he knows nothing after having known; surely Allah is Knowing, Powerful.

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عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ،عَنِ الْعَبَّاسِ،عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجْرَانَ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ [2](عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: «إِذَا بَلَغَ الْعَبْدُ مِائَةَ سَنَةٍ فَذَلِكَ أَرْذَلُ الْعُمُرِ».

99-/6083 Translation: ‘Ali ibn Ibrāhīm said: Muhammad ibn Ja‘far narrated to us, he said: Muhammad ibn Ahmad narrated to us, from al-‘Abbās, from Ibn Abī Najrān, from Muhammad ibn al-Qāsim, from ‘Alī ibn al-Mughīrah, from Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him), who said: “When a servant reaches one hundred years, that is the worst part of life.”

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الطَّبْرِسِيُّ:رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «إِنَّ أَرْذَلَ الْعُمُرِ خَمْسٌ وَ سَبْعُونَ سَنَةً». وَ رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ.

99-/6084 Translation: Al-Ṭabrisī: It is related from ‘Alī (peace be upon him): “The worst part of life is seventy-five years.” And it is related from the Prophet (blessings of Allah be upon him and his family) likewise.

قوله تعالى:

لِكَيْ لاٰ يَعْلَمَ بَعْدَ عِلْمٍ شَيْئاً -إلى قوله تعالى- وَ جَعَلَ لَكُمْ مِنْ أَزْوٰاجِكُمْ بَنِينَ وَ حَفَدَةً [70-72]

Translation (Qur’an 16:70-72, M. H. Shakir):

- 16:70: And Allah has created you, then He causes you to die; and of you there is he who is brought back to the worst part of life, so that he knows nothing after having known; surely Allah is Knowing, Powerful.

- 16:71: And Allah has made some of you to excel others in the means of subsistence; then those who are made to excel do not give away their means of subsistence to those whom their right hands possess so that they should be equal therein; will they then deny the favor of Allah?

- 16:72: And Allah has made for you mates from your own species, and He has given you from your mates sons and grandsons, and He has made for you sustenance of the good things; is it then in the falsehood that they believe while it is in the favor of Allah that they disbelieve?

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علي بن إبراهيم،في قوله تعالى: لِكَيْ لاٰ يَعْلَمَ بَعْدَ عِلْمٍ شَيْئاً قال:إذا كبر لا يعلم ما علمه قبل ذلك.ثم قال:قوله: وَ اللّٰهُ فَضَّلَ بَعْضَكُمْ عَلىٰ بَعْضٍ فِي الرِّزْقِ فَمَا الَّذِينَ فُضِّلُوا بِرَادِّي رِزْقِهِمْ عَلىٰ مٰا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمٰانُهُمْ فَهُمْ فِيهِ سَوٰاءٌ قال:لا يجوز للرجل أن يختص نفسه بشيء من المأكول دون عياله. قال:قوله: وَ اللّٰهُ جَعَلَ لَكُمْ مِنْ أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَزْوٰاجاً يعني حواء خلقت من آدم(عليه السلام) وَ حَفَدَةً قال: الأختان.

99-/6085 Translation: ‘Alī ibn Ibrāhīm, regarding His saying “so that he knows nothing after having known,” said: When he grows very old, he does not know what he had known before. Then he said regarding His saying “And Allah has made some of you to excel others in subsistence… so that they should be equal therein”: It is not permissible for a man to single himself out with something of food to the exclusion of his dependents. He said regarding “And Allah has made for you from your own selves mates”: it means Ḥawwā’ was created from Ādam (peace be upon him). And regarding “and hafadah”: he said, the brothers-in-law (the husbands of one’s daughters).

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الطَّبْرِسِيُّ: فِي مَعْنَى الْحَفَدَةِ:هُمْ أَخْتَانُ الرَّجُلِ عَلَى بَنَاتِهِ. قَالَ:وَ هُوَ الْمَرْوِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ).

99-/6086 Translation: Al-Ṭabrisī: As for the meaning of al-hafadah: they are a man’s sons-in-law with respect to his daughters. He said: and this is what is reported from Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him).

_1) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:78.

_1) -Tafsīr al-Qummī 2:78.

_2) -مجمع البيان 5:574.

_2) -Majma‘ al-Bayān 5:574.

_3) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:387.

_3) -Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:387.

_4) -مجمع البيان 5:5786.

_4) -Majma‘ al-Bayān 5:5786.

[1] اللّبان:ضرب من العلك،يؤخذ من نبات يفرز مادّة صمغية،و يسمّى الكندر أيضا.

[1] al-lubān: ḍarb min al-‘alk, yu’khadhu min nabāt yufriz māddah ṣamghiyyah, wa yusammā al-kundur aydan.

[2] في المصدر زيادة:عن أبيه(عليهما السلام)

[2] fī al-maṣdar ziyādah: ‘an abīhi (‘alayhimā al-salām)

[3] في«س،ط»:ممّا.

[3] fī “S, ṭ”: mimmā.

قوله تعالى:

وَ جَعَلَ لَكُمْ مِنْ أَزْوٰاجِكُمْ بَنِينَ وَ حَفَدَةً [72]

Translation (Qur’an 16:72, M. H. Shakir): And Allah has made for you mates from your own species, and He has given you from your mates sons and grandsons, and He has made for you sustenance of the good things; is it then in the falsehood that they believe while it is in the favor of Allah that they disbelieve?

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الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْأَشَلِّ،قَالَ:قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: وَ جَعَلَ لَكُمْ مِنْ أَزْوٰاجِكُمْ بَنِينَ وَ حَفَدَةً . قَالَ:«الْحَفَدَةُ:بَنُو الْبِنْتِ،وَ نَحْنُ حَفَدَةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)».

99-/6087 Translation: Al-‘Ayyāshī: From ‘Abd al-Raḥmān al-Ashal, who said: Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him), regarding Allah’s saying “and He has given you from your mates sons and hafadah,” said: “Hafadah are the daughter’s sons (grandsons through daughters), and we are the hafadah of the Messenger of Allah (blessings of Allah be upon him and his family).”

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عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ دَرَّاجٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: وَ جَعَلَ لَكُمْ مِنْ أَزْوٰاجِكُمْ بَنِينَ وَ حَفَدَةً ،قَالَ:«هُمُ الْحَفَدَةُ وَ هُمُ الْعَوْنُ مِنْهُمْ»يَعْنِي الْبَنِينَ.

99-/6088 Translation: From Jamīl ibn Darrāj, from Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him), regarding Allah’s saying “and He has given you from your mates sons and hafadah,” he said: “They are the hafadah, and they are the helpers among them,” meaning the sons.

قوله تعالى:

ضَرَبَ اللّٰهُ مَثَلاً عَبْداً مَمْلُوكاً لاٰ يَقْدِرُ عَلىٰ شَيْءٍ -إلى قوله تعالى- هَلْ يَسْتَوِي هُوَ وَ مَنْ يَأْمُرُ بِالْعَدْلِ وَ هُوَ عَلىٰ صِرٰاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ [75-76]

Translation (Qur’an 16:75-76, M. H. Shakir):

- 16:75: Allah sets forth a parable: (there is) a slave, the property of another, having no power over anything, and (there is) one whom We have granted from Ourselves a goodly sustenance, so he spends from it secretly and openly; are the two alike? (All) praise is due to Allah! Nay, most of them do not know.

- 16:76: And Allah sets forth a parable of two men: one of them dumb, not able to do anything, and he is a burden to his master; wherever he sends him, he brings no good; is he equal with him who enjoins what is just, and he (himself) is on the straight path?

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الشَّيْخُ فِي(التَّهْذِيبِ):بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ،عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنْ حَرِيزٍ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ رَجُلٍ يُنْكِحُ أَمَتَهُ مِنْ رَجُلٍ،أَ يُفَرِّقُ بَيْنَهُمَا إِذَا شَاءَ؟ فَقَالَ:«إِنْ كَانَ مَمْلُوكَهُ،فَلْيُفَرِّقْ بَيْنَهُمَا إِذَا شَاءَ،إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ: عَبْداً مَمْلُوكاً لاٰ يَقْدِرُ عَلىٰ شَيْءٍ فَلَيْسَ لِلْعَبْدِ شَيْءٌ مِنَ الْأَمْرِ،وَ إِنْ كَانَ زَوْجُهَا حُرّاً فَإِنَّ طَلاَقَهَا عِتْقُهَا» [1].

99-/6089 Translation: Al-Shaykh in al-Tahdhīb, with his chain from al-Ḥusayn ibn Sa‘īd, from Ḥammād ibn ‘Īsā, from Ḥarīz, from Muḥammad ibn Muslim, who said: I asked Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him) about a man who marries his female slave to a man; may he separate them when he wishes? He said: “If he is his slave, then let him separate them when he wishes; indeed Allah, exalted is He, says: ‘a slave owned, unable to do anything,’ so the slave has no say in the matter. But if her husband is free, then her divorce is her emancipation.” [1]

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وَ عَنْهُ:بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ،عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ،عَنْ شُعَيْبِ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ الْعَقَرْقُوفِيِّ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: سُئِلَ-وَ أَنَا عِنْدَهُ أَسْمَعُ-عَنْ طَلاَقِ الْعَبْدِ.قَالَ:«لَيْسَ لَهُ طَلاَقٌ وَ لاَ نِكَاحٌ،أَ مَا تَسْمَعُ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ: عَبْداً مَمْلُوكاً لاٰ يَقْدِرُ عَلىٰ شَيْءٍ »قَالَ:«لاَ يَقْدِرُ عَلَى طَلاَقٍ وَ لاَ عَلَى نِكَاحٍ إِلاَّ بِإِذْنِ مَوْلاَهُ».

99-/6090 Translation: And from him, with his chain from Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn ‘Īsā, from ‘Alī ibn al-Ḥakam, from Abān ibn ‘Uthmān, from Shu‘ayb ibn Ya‘qūb al-‘Aqarqūfī, from Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him), who said: He was asked—while I was present and heard—about the divorce of a slave. He said: “He has neither divorce nor marriage. Do you not hear Allah, exalted is He, say: ‘a slave owned, unable to do anything’?” He said: “He is not able to divorce nor to marry except with his master’s permission.”

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وَ عَنْهُ:بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْمِيثَمِيِّ،عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ،عَنِ الْمُفَضَّلِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ،عَنْ لَيْثٍ الْمُرَادِيِّ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنِ الْعَبْدِ،هَلْ يَجُوزُ طَلاَقُهُ؟ فَقَالَ:«إِنْ كَانَتْ أَمَتَكَ فَلاَ،إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ: عَبْداً مَمْلُوكاً لاٰ يَقْدِرُ عَلىٰ شَيْءٍ وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ أَمَةَ قَوْمٍ

99-/6091 Translation: And from him, with his chain from ‘Alī ibn Ismā‘īl al-Mīthamī, from al-Ḥasan ibn ‘Alī ibn Faḍḍāl, from al-Mufaḍḍal ibn Ṣāliḥ, from Layth al-Murādī, who said: I asked Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him) about the slave; is his divorce valid? He said: “If she is your own female slave, then no. Indeed Allah, exalted is He, says: ‘a slave owned, unable to do anything.’ But if she is the slave-woman of a people—”

_1) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:46/264.

_1) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:46/264.

_2) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:47/264.

_2) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:47/264.

_3) -التهذيب 7:1392/340.

_3) -al-Tahdhīb 7:1392/340.

_4) -التهذيب 7:1421/347.

_4) -al-Tahdhīb 7:1421/347.

_5) -التهذيب 7:1423/348.

_5) -al-Tahdhīb 7:1423/348.

[1] في المصدر:صفقتها.

[1] fī al-maṣdar: ṣafqatuhā.