S 2 A 90

بقرة آيه 90

قال: «كانَ قَوْمٌ فِيما بَيْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عِيسَى(صلواتُ اللهِ عَلَيْهِما)، كانُوا يَتَوَعَّدُونَ أَهْلَ الأَصْنامِ بِالنَّبِيِّ(صلى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)، وَ يَقُولُونَ: لَيَخْرُجَنَّ نَبِيٌّ، وَ لَيَكْسِرَنَّ أَصْنامَكُمْ، وَ لَيَفْعَلَنَّ بِكُمْ ما يَفْعَلَنَّ؛ فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللهِ(صلى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) كَفَرُوا بِهِ».

Translation: He said: There were a people between Muhammad and Jesus (peace be upon them) who used to threaten the idolaters with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family), saying: A prophet will surely come forth, and he will surely break your idols, and he will surely do to you what he will do; but when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) came forth, they disbelieved in him.

99-/553 _4- العيّاشي: عن جابر، قال: سألتُ أبا جعفرٍ(عليه السلام) عن هذه الآية، عن قولِ اللهِ: فَلَمّٰا جٰاءَهُمْ مٰا عَرَفُوا كَفَرُوا بِهِ.

قال: «تفسيرُها في الباطنِ: لَمّا جاءَهُمْ ما عَرَفُوا في عَلِيٍّ(عليه السلام) كَفَرُوا بِهِ، فقالَ اللهُ فيهم: فَلَعْنَةُ اللّٰهِ عَلَى الْكٰافِرِينَ في باطِنِ القرآنِ». قال أبو جعفر(عليه السلام): «يَعني بَني أميّةَ، هُمُ الكافرونَ في باطنِ القرآنِ».

(99-/553 _4-): Al-‘Ayyashi, from Jabir, said: I asked Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) about this verse, about Allah’s saying: “But when there came to them that which they recognized, they disbelieved in it.” He said: Its inner interpretation is that when there came to them what they recognized concerning Ali (peace be upon him), they disbelieved in it. So Allah said about them: “The curse of Allah is on the unbelievers,” in the inner sense of the Qur’an. Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) said: He means Banu Umayyah; they are the unbelievers in the inner sense of the Qur’an. (Reference to the phrase: Quran 2:89)

قوله تعالى:

بِئْسَمَا اشْتَرَوْا بِهِ أَنْفُسَهُمْ أَنْ يَكْفُرُوا بِمٰا أَنْزَلَ اللّٰهُ بَغْياً أَنْ يُنَزِّلَ اللّٰهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ عَلىٰ مَنْ يَشٰاءُ مِنْ عِبٰادِهِ فَبٰاؤُ بِغَضَبٍ عَلىٰ غَضَبٍ وَ لِلْكٰافِرِينَ عَذٰابٌ مُهِينٌ [90]

Translation (Quran 2:90, M. H. Shakir): Evil is that for which they have sold their souls—that they should deny what Allah has revealed, out of envy that Allah should send down of His grace on whom He pleases of His servants; so they have made themselves deserving of wrath upon wrath, and there is a humiliating chastisement for the unbelievers.

99-/554 _1- قالَ الإمامُ العَسكَريُّ(عليه السلام): «ذَمَّ اللهُ تعالى اليَهودَ وَ عابَ فِعلَهُم في كُفرِهِم بِمُحَمَّدٍ(صلى اللهُ عليهِ وَ آله)، فقالَ: بِئْسَمَا اشْتَرَوْا بِهِ أَنْفُسَهُمْ أَيْ اشْتَرَوْهَا بِالهَدَايا وَ الفُضُولِ [1] الَّتي كانَتْ تَصِلُ إلَيْهِم، وكانَ اللهُ أَمَرَهُم بِشِرائِها مِنَ اللهِ بِطاعَتِهِمْ لَهُ، لِيَجْعَلَ [2] لَهُمْ أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَ الِانْتِفاعَ بِها دائِماً في نَعيمِ الآخِرَةِ فَلَمْ يَشْتَرُوها، بَلِ اشْتَرَوْها بِما أَنْفَقوهُ في عَداوَةِ رَسولِ اللهِ(صلى اللهُ عليهِ وَ آله) لِيَبْقى لَهُم عِزُّهُم في الدُّنيا، وَ رِئاسَتُهُم على الجُهّالِ، وَ يَنالُوا المُحَرَّماتِ، وَ أَصابوا الفُضُولاَتِ مِنَ السَّفِلَةِ وَ صَرَفوهُم عَنْ سَبيلِ الرَّشادِ، وَ وَقَفوهُم على طريقِ الضَّلالاتِ.

ثُمَّ قالَ اللهُ عزَّ وَ جلَّ: أَنْ يَكْفُرُوا بِمٰا أَنْزَلَ اللّٰهُ بَغْياً أَيْ بِما أَنْزَلَ اللهُ على مُوسى(عليه السلام) مِنْ تَصْديقِ مُحَمَّدٍ(صلى اللهُ عليهِ وَ آله) بَغْياً أَنْ يُنَزِّلَ اللّٰهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ عَلىٰ مَنْ يَشٰاءُ مِنْ عِبادِهِ».

قالَ: «وَ إنَّما كانَ كُفرُهُم لِبَغيِهِم وَ حَسَدِهِم لَهُ، لِما أَنْزَلَ اللهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ عَلَيهِ، وَ هُوَ القُرآنُ الَّذي أبانَ فيهِ نُبُوَّتَهُ، وَ أظهرَ بِهِ آيتَهُ وَ مُعجِزَتَهُ، ثُمَّ قالَ: فَبٰاؤُ بِغَضَبٍ عَلىٰ غَضَبٍ يَعْني رَجَعوا وَ عَلَيْهِمُ الغَضَبُ مِنَ اللهِ على غَضَبٍ»

(99-/554 _1-): Imam al-‘Askari (peace be upon him) said: Allah, the Exalted, condemned the Jews and reproached their action in disbelieving in Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family). He said: “Evil is that for which they have sold their souls,” meaning they sold them for the gifts and surplus shares [1] that used to reach them; while Allah had commanded them to purchase them from Allah by their obedience to Him, so that He would grant them their souls and the benefit of them forever in the bliss of the Hereafter. But they did not purchase them; rather they purchased them with what they spent in enmity towards the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family), so that their honor in this world would remain for them, and their leadership over the ignorant, and so that they might attain the forbidden things, acquiring the excesses from the rabble and turning them away from the path of right guidance, stationing them upon the roadways of misguidance.

Then Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: “That they should deny what Allah has revealed, out of envy,” that is, what Allah revealed to Moses (peace be upon him) concerning the confirmation of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family), out of envy that Allah should send down of His grace upon whomsoever of His servants He wills.

He said: Their disbelief was only due to their transgression and envy of him, for what Allah sent down of His grace upon him, namely the Qur’an in which He made his prophethood manifest and by which He displayed his sign and miracle. Then He said: “So they have made themselves deserving of wrath upon wrath,” meaning they returned bearing the wrath from Allah upon wrath.

_4) -تفسيرُ العيّاشي 1:70/50.

(Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:70/50)

_1) -التفسيرُ المنسوبُ إلى الإمامِ العسكريّ(عليه السّلام): 272/401.

(al-Tafsīr al-Mansūb ilā al-Imām al-‘Askarī (alayhi al-salām): 272/401)

[1] فُضولُ الغَنائِمِ: ما فَضَلَ مِنها حينَ تُقسَمُ، وَ فُضولُ المالِ: بَقاياهُ الزّائِدَةُ مِنَ الحاجةِ.

(Fudūlu al-ghanā’im: mā faḍala minhā ḥīna tuqsam, wa fudūlu al-māl: baqāyāhu al-zā’idatu mina al-ḥāja)

[2] في «ط» نُسخةٌ بَدَل: لِيَحصُل.

(Fī “Ṭ” nuskhatun badal: li-yaḥṣul)

في إِثرِ غَضَبٍ -قالَ-: «وَ الغَضَبُ الأَوَّلُ حينَ كَذَّبُوا بِعيسى ابنِ مَريمَ(عليه السلام)، وَ الغَضَبُ الثاني حينَ كَذَّبوا مُحَمَّداً(صلى اللهُ عليهِ وَ آله)».

قالَ: «وَ الغَضَبُ الأَوَّلُ أَنْ جَعَلَهُم قِرَدَةً خاسِئينَ، وَ لَعَنَهُم على لِسانِ عيسى(عليه السلام)، وَ الغَضَبُ الثاني حينَ سَلَّطَ اللهُ عَلَيهِم سُيوفَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ وَ أَصحابِهِ وَ أُمَّتِهِ حَتّى ذَلَّلَهُم بِها؛ فَإِمّا دَخَلوا في الإسلامِ طائِعينَ، وَ إِمّا أَدَّوا الجِزيَةَ صاغِرينَ داخِرينَ [1]».

Translation: Following wrath—he said: The first wrath was when they belied Jesus son of Mary (peace be upon him), and the second wrath was when they belied Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family).

He said: The first wrath was that He made them apes, despised, and He cursed them upon the tongue of Jesus (peace be upon him); and the second wrath was when Allah set upon them the swords of Muhammad and his Household and his companions and his community until He humbled them by it—so either they entered Islam willingly, or they paid the jizya humbled and abased [1].

99-/555 _2- محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ: عن عليِّ بنِ إبراهیمَ، عن أحمدَ بنِ محمّدٍ البَرقِيِّ، عن أبيهِ، عن محمدِ بنِ سِنانٍ، عن عمّارِ بنِ مَروانَ، عنِ المُنَخَّلِ، عن جابِرٍ، عن أبي جعفرٍ(عليه السلام)، قالَ: «نَزَلَ جِبرائيلُ(عليه السلام) بِهذِهِ الآيةِ على مُحَمَّدٍ(صلى اللهُ عليهِ وَ آله) هكَذا: بِئْسَمَا اشْتَرَوْا بِهِ أَنْفُسَهُمْ أَنْ يَكْفُرُوا بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللهُ فِي عَلِيٍّ بَغْياً».

(99-/555 _2-): Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub, from ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Barqi, from his father, from Muhammad ibn Sinan, from ‘Ammar ibn Marwan, from al-Munakhkhal, from Jabir, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), said: Gabriel (peace be upon him) revealed this verse to Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) in this way: “Evil is that for which they have sold their souls: that they should disbelieve in what Allah revealed about ‘Ali, out of envy.”

99-/556 _3- العيّاشي: قالَ أبو جعفرٍ(عليه السلام): «نَزَلَتْ هذِهِ الآيةُ على رَسولِ اللهِ(صلى اللهُ عليهِ وَ آله) [هكَذا]: بِئْسَمَا اشْتَرَوْا بِهِ أَنْفُسَهُمْ أَنْ يَكْفُرُوا بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللهُ فِي عَلِيٍّ بَغْياً؛ وَ قالَ اللهُ في عَلِيٍّ(عليه السلام): أَنْ يُنَزِّلَ اللّٰهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ عَلىٰ مَنْ يَشٰاءُ مِنْ عِبٰادِهِ يَعْني عَلِيّاً، قالَ اللهُ: فَبٰاؤُ بِغَضَبٍ عَلىٰ غَضَبٍ يَعْني بَني أُمَيَّةَ وَ لِلْكٰافِرِينَ يَعْني بَني أُمَيَّةَ عَذابٌ مُهِينٌ».

(99-/556 _3-): Al-‘Ayyashi: Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) said: This verse was revealed to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) in this way: “Evil is that for which they have sold their souls: that they should disbelieve in what Allah revealed about ‘Ali, out of envy.” And Allah said about ‘Ali (peace be upon him): “that Allah should send down of His grace on whom He pleases of His servants,” meaning ‘Ali. Allah said: “So they have made themselves deserving of wrath upon wrath,” meaning Banu Umayyah; “and there is a humiliating chastisement for the unbelievers,” meaning Banu Umayyah.

قوله تعالى:

وَ إِذٰا قِيلَ لَهُمْ آمِنُوا بِمٰا أَنْزَلَ اللّٰهُ قٰالُوا نُؤْمِنُ بِمٰا أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْنٰا وَ يَكْفُرُونَ بِمٰا وَرٰاءَهُ وَ هُوَ الْحَقُّ مُصَدِّقاً لِمٰا مَعَهُمْ قُلْ فَلِمَ تَقْتُلُونَ أَنْبِيٰاءَ اللّٰهِ مِنْ قَبْلُ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ [91]

(Quran 2:91, M. H. Shakir): And when it is said to them: Believe in what Allah has revealed, they say: We believe in what has been revealed to us; and they deny what is besides that, while it is the truth verifying that which they have; say: Why then did you kill Allah’s prophets before if you were indeed believers?

99-/557 _1- قالَ الإمامُ العَسكَريُّ(عليه السلام): «وَ إِذٰا قِيلَ لِهَؤُلاءِ اليَهودِ الَّذِينَ تَقَدَّمَ ذِكرُهُم آمِنُوا بِمٰا أَنْزَلَ اللّٰهُ على مُحَمَّدٍ مِنَ القُرآنِ المُشْتَمِلِ على الحَلالِ وَ الحَرامِ، وَ الفَرائِضِ وَ الأَحكامِ قالوا نُؤمِنُ بِمٰا أُنزِلَ عَلَيْنا وَ هُوَ التَّوراةُ وَ يَكْفُرونَ بِمٰا وَرٰاءَهُ يَعْني ما سِواهُ، لا يُؤمِنونَ بِهِ وَ هُوَ الحَقُّ وَ الَّذي يَقولُ هَؤُلاءِ اليَهودُ: إنَّهُ وَراءَهُ، هُوَ الحَقُّ، لِأَنَّهُ هُوَ النّاسِخُ وَ المَنسوخُ [2] الَّذي قَدَّمَهُ اللهُ عزَّ وَ جلَّ.

قالَ اللهُ تعالى: قُلْ فَلِمَ تَقْتُلُونَ أَيْ: لِمَ كانَ يَقتُلُ أَسلافُكُم أَنبِياءَ اللهِ مِنْ قَبْلُ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ».

(99-/557 _1-): Imam al-‘Askari (peace be upon him) said: And when it is said to these Jews who were mentioned previously: Believe in what Allah has sent down to Muhammad—of the Qur’an which comprises the lawful and the unlawful, and the obligations and the rulings—they say: We believe in what has been sent down to us, which is the Torah; and they disbelieve in what is besides it, meaning other than it—they do not believe in it—though it is the truth; and that which these Jews say is “besides it” is in fact the truth, because it is the abrogating and the abrogated [2] which Allah, Mighty and Majestic, has brought forth. Allah, the Exalted, said: Say: Why then did your forefathers kill the prophets of Allah beforehand, if you are believers?

_2) -الكافي 1:25/345.

(al-Kāfī 1:25/345)

_3) -تفسيرُ العيّاشي 1:70/50.

(Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:70/50)

_1) -التفسيرُ المنسوبُ إلى الإمامِ العسكريّ(عليه السّلام): 275/403 و 276.

(al-Tafsīr al-Mansūb ilā al-Imām al-‘Askarī (alayhi al-salām): 275/403 wa 276)

[1] الدُّخورُ: الصِّغارُ وَ الذُّلُّ. «الصحاح-دَخَر-2:655».

(al-Dukhūr: al-ṣighār wa al-dhull. “al-Ṣiḥāḥ – Dakhar – 2:655”)

[2] في المصدرِ: للمنسوخ.

(Fī al-maṣdar: lil-mansūkh)