S 2 A 143

تَحْتَرِزُوا مِنَ الْحَرِّ،أَ فَبَدَا لَهُ فِي الصَّيْفِ حِينَ [1] أَمَرَكُمْ بِخِلاَفِ مَا أَمَرَكُمْ بِهِ فِي الشِّتَاءِ؟قَالُوا:لاَ.فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):فَكَذَلِكَ تَعَبَّدَكُمْ فِي وَقْتٍ لِصَلاَحٍ يَعْلَمُهُ بِشَيْءٍ،ثُمَّ بَعْدَهُ فِي وَقْتٍ آخَرَ لِصَلاَحٍ آخَرَ [2] بِشَيْءٍ آخَرَ، فَإِنْ أَطَعْتُمْ فِي الْحَالَيْنِ اسْتَحْقَقْتُمْ ثَوَابَهُ،فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ: وَ لِلّٰهِ الْمَشْرِقُ وَ الْمَغْرِبُ فَأَيْنَمٰا تُوَلُّوا فَثَمَّ وَجْهُ اللّٰهِ [3]أَيْ إِذَا تَوَجَّهْتُمْ بِأَمْرِهِ فَثَمَّ الْوَجْهُ الَّذِي تَقْصِدُونَ مِنْهُ [4] اللَّهَ تَعَالَى،وَ تُؤَمِّلُونَ ثَوَابَهُ.

الترجمة: You protect yourselves from the heat; did it then occur to him in the summer, when he commanded you contrary to what he commanded you in the winter? They said: No. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: Likewise, He makes you worship in a time—knowing its welfare—by one thing, then after it in another time—for another welfare—by another thing. If you obey in both situations you deserve His reward. Then Allah revealed: “And Allah’s is the East and the West; therefore, whither you turn, thither is Allah’s face.” That is, when you turn by His command, then there is the direction by which you intend Allah, the Exalted, and hope for His reward.

المرجع: البقرة 2:115

ترجمة (M. H. Shakir): And Allah’s is the East and the West, therefore, whither you turn, thither is Allah’s purpose; surely Allah is Ample-giving, Knowing.

ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):يَا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ،أَنْتُمْ كَالْمَرْضَى،وَ اللَّهُ رَبُّ الْعَالَمِينَ كَالطَّبِيبِ،فَصَلاَحُ الْمَرْضَى فِيمَا يَعْلَمُهُ الطَّبِيبُ وَ يُدَبِّرُهُ بِهِ،لاَ فِيمَا يَشْتَهِيهِ الْمَرِيضُ وَ يَقْتَرِحُهُ،أَلاَ فَسَلِّمُوا لِلَّهِ أَمْرَهُ تَكُونُوا مِنَ الْفَائِزِينَ».

الترجمة: Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: O servants of Allah, you are like the sick, and Allah, the Lord of the worlds, is like the physician. The wellbeing of the sick lies in what the physician knows and prescribes, not in what the patient desires and suggests. Behold, so submit to Allah in His command, and you will be among the successful.

فَقِيلَ:يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ،فَلِمَ أَمَرَ بِالْقِبْلَةِ الْأُولَى؟ فَقَالَ:«لِمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ مٰا جَعَلْنَا الْقِبْلَةَ الَّتِي كُنْتَ عَلَيْهٰا وَ هِيَ بَيْتُ الْمَقْدِسِ إِلاّٰ لِنَعْلَمَ مَنْ يَتَّبِعُ الرَّسُولَ مِمَّنْ يَنْقَلِبُ عَلىٰ عَقِبَيْهِ [5]إِلاَّ لِنَعْلَمَ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُ مَوْجُوداً بَعْدَ أَنْ عَلِمْنَاهُ سَيُوجَدُ،وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ هَوَى أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ كَانَ فِي الْكَعْبَةِ،فَأَرَادَ اللَّهُ [أَنْ] يُبَيِّنَ مُتَّبِعَ مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)مِنْ مُخَالِفِهِ بِاتِّبَاعِ الْقِبْلَةِ الَّتِي كَرِهَهَا، وَ مُحَمَّدٌ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)يَأْمُرُ بِهَا،وَ لَمَّا كَانَ هَوَى أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ فِي بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ أَمَرَهُمْ بِمُخَالَفَتِهَا وَ التَّوَجُّهِ إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ، لِيُبَيِّنَ مَنْ يُوَافِقُ مُحَمَّداً(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)فِي مَا يَكْرَهُهُ،فَهُوَ مُصَدِّقُهُ وَ مُوَافِقُهُ.

الترجمة: It was said: O son of the Messenger of Allah, then why did He command the first qibla? He said: For what Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: “And We did not appoint the qibla which you were upon—which is Bayt al-Maqdis—except that We might distinguish him who follows the Messenger from him who turns back upon his heels,” that is, except that We might know that from him as realized after We had known it would come to be. This is because the inclination of the people of Mecca was toward the Ka‘bah, so Allah wished to make clear the follower of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) from his opponent by commanding the qibla they disliked, while Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) commanded it. And when the inclination of the people of Medina was toward Bayt al-Maqdis, He commanded them to oppose it and turn toward the Ka‘bah, to make clear who agrees with Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) in what he dislikes; such a one is his affirmer and follower.

المرجع: البقرة 2:143

ترجمة (M. H. Shakir) للجزء المذكور: And We did not make that which you would have to be the qibla but that We might distinguish him who follows the Messenger from him who turns back upon his heels.

ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَ إِنْ كٰانَتْ لَكَبِيرَةً إِلاّٰ عَلَى الَّذِينَ هَدَى اللّٰهُ [6]أَيْ كَانَ [7] التَّوَجُّهُ إِلَى بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ فِي ذَلِكَ الْوَقْتِ كَبِيرَةً إِلاَّ عَلَى مَنْ يَهْدِي اللَّهُ،فَعَرَفَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يُتَعَبَّدُ بِخِلاَفِ مَا يُرِيدُهُ الْمَرْءُ لِيَبْتَلِيَ طَاعَتَهُ فِي مُخَالَفَةِ هَوَاهُ».

الترجمة: Then he said: “And most surely it was a hard thing except for those whom Allah guided”—that is, facing Bayt al-Maqdis at that time was hard, except for whomever Allah guides; thus he realized that Allah commands worship contrary to what a person desires, to test his obedience in opposing his whims.

المرجع: البقرة 2:143

ترجمة (M. H. Shakir) للجزء المذكور: And most surely it is a hard thing except for those whom Allah has guided aright.

قوله تعالى:

وَ كَذٰلِكَ جَعَلْنٰاكُمْ أُمَّةً وَسَطاً لِتَكُونُوا شُهَدٰاءَ عَلَى النّٰاسِ وَ يَكُونَ الرَّسُولُ عَلَيْكُمْ شَهِيداً[143]

الترجمة (M. H. Shakir): And thus We have made you a medium (just) nation that you may be the bearers of witness to the people and (that) the Messenger may be a bearer of witness to you.

المرجع: البقرة 2:143

99-/666_1-مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْوَشَّاءِ،عَنْ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَائِذٍ،عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ،عَنْ بُرَيْدٍ الْعِجْلِيِّ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ كَذٰلِكَ جَعَلْنٰاكُمْ أُمَّةً وَسَطاً لِتَكُونُوا شُهَدٰاءَ عَلَى النّٰاسِ .فَقَالَ:«نَحْنُ الْأُمَّةُ الْوُسْطَى،وَ نَحْنُ شُهَدَاءُ اللَّهِ عَلَى خَلْقِهِ،وَ حُجَجُهُ فِي أَرْضِهِ».

99-/666_1- I asked Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him) about the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: “And thus We have made you a medium nation so that you may be witnesses over the people.” He said: We are the medium nation, and we are Allah’s witnesses over His creation, and His proofs on His earth.

_1) -الكافي 1:2/146.

Transliteration: al-Kāfī 1:2/146.

[1] في المصدر:حتى.

Transliteration: fī al-maṣdar: ḥattā.

[2] في المصدر زيادة:يعلمه.

Transliteration: fī al-maṣdar ziyādah: ya‘lamuhu.

[3] البقرة 2:115.

Transliteration: al-Baqara 2:115.

[4] في«ط»نسخة بدل:الذي تعبدون فيه.

Transliteration: fī “Ṭ” nuskha badal: alladhī ta‘budūna fīh.

[5] البقرة 2:143.

Transliteration: al-Baqara 2:143.

[6] البقرة 2:143.

Transliteration: al-Baqara 2:143.

[7] في«س و ط»:و إن كان ما كان.

Transliteration: fī “S wa Ṭ”: wa in kāna mā kān.

99-/667_2- عَنْهُ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ،عَنِ ابْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ،عَنْ بُرَيْدٍ الْعِجْلِيِّ،قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):قَوْلُ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى: وَ كَذٰلِكَ جَعَلْنٰاكُمْ أُمَّةً وَسَطاً لِتَكُونُوا شُهَدٰاءَ عَلَى النّٰاسِ وَ يَكُونَ الرَّسُولُ عَلَيْكُمْ شَهِيداً ؟قَالَ:«نَحْنُ الْأُمَّةُ الْوَسَطُ،وَ نَحْنُ شُهَدَاءُ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى عَلَى خَلْقِهِ،وَ حُجَجُهُ فِي أَرْضِهِ».

99-/667_2- I said to Abū Ja‘far (peace be upon him) regarding the saying of Allah, Blessed and Exalted: “And thus We have made you a medium nation... and the Messenger shall be a witness over you.” He said: We are the medium nation, and we are Allah’s witnesses—Blessed and Exalted—over His creation, and His proofs on His earth.

_2) -الكافي 1:4/147.

Transliteration: al-Kāfī 1:4/147.

99-/668_3- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الصَّفَّارُ:عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ،[عَنِ ابْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ] [1]،عَنْ بُرَيْدٍ الْعِجْلِيِّ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى: وَ كَذٰلِكَ جَعَلْنٰاكُمْ أُمَّةً وَسَطاً لِتَكُونُوا شُهَدٰاءَ عَلَى النّٰاسِ وَ يَكُونَ الرَّسُولُ عَلَيْكُمْ شَهِيداً .قَالَ:«نَحْنُ أُمَّةُ الْوَسَطِ،وَ نَحْنُ شُهَدَاءُ اللَّهِ عَلَى خَلْقِهِ،وَ حُجَجُهُ فِي أَرْضِهِ».

99-/668_3- I asked Abū Ja‘far (peace be upon him) about the saying of Allah, Blessed and Exalted: “And thus We have made you a medium nation...” He said: We are the medium nation, and we are Allah’s witnesses over His creation, and His proofs on His earth.

_3) -بصائر الدرجات:11/83.

Transliteration: Biṣā’ir al-Darajāt 11/83.

[1] أثبتناه من المصدر،و هو الصواب كما في الحديثين(2 و 5)و معجم رجال الحديث 3:290.

Transliteration: Athbatnāhu min al-maṣdar, wa huwa al-ṣawāb kamā fī al-ḥadīthayn (2 wa 5) wa Mu‘jam Rijāl al-Ḥadīth 3:290.

99-/669_4- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الثَّقَفِيِّ،قَالَ: فِي(كِتَابِ بُنْدَارَ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ)عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ،عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ خَارِجَةَ،عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى: وَ كَذٰلِكَ جَعَلْنٰاكُمْ أُمَّةً وَسَطاً لِتَكُونُوا شُهَدٰاءَ عَلَى النّٰاسِ وَ يَكُونَ الرَّسُولُ عَلَيْكُمْ شَهِيداً .قَالَ:«نَحْنُ الشُّهَدَاءُ عَلَى النَّاسِ بِمَا عِنْدَهُمْ مِنَ الْحَلاَلِ وَ الْحَرَامِ،وَ بِمَا ضَيَّعُوا مِنْهُ».

99-/669_4- Regarding the saying of Allah, Blessed and Exalted: “And thus We have made you a medium nation...” he said: We are the witnesses over the people by what they have of the lawful and the unlawful, and by what they have neglected of it.

_4) -بصائر الدرجات:1/102.

Transliteration: Biṣā’ir al-Darajāt 1/102.

99-/670_5- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ،وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ،عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ،عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ،عَنْ بُرَيْدِ ابْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ الْعِجْلِيِّ،قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى وَ كَذٰلِكَ جَعَلْنٰاكُمْ أُمَّةً وَسَطاً لِتَكُونُوا شُهَدٰاءَ عَلَى النّٰاسِ ؟قَالَ:«نَحْنُ الْأُمَّةُ [2] الْوَسَطُ،وَ نَحْنُ شُهَدَاءُ اللَّهِ عَلَى خَلْقِهِ» [3].

99-/670_5- I said to Abū Ja‘far (peace be upon him) regarding His saying, Exalted is He: “And thus We have made you a medium nation so that you may be witnesses over the people.” He said: We are the medium nation, and we are Allah’s witnesses over His creation.

_5) -بصائر الدرجات:3/102.

Transliteration: Biṣā’ir al-Darajāt 3:102.

[2] في المصدر:الأئمّة.

Transliteration: fī al-maṣdar: al-a’immah.

[3] في المصدر زيادة:و حجته في أرضه.

Transliteration: fī al-maṣdar ziyādah: wa ḥujjatuhu fī arḍih.

99-/671_6- سَعْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْقُمِّيُّ:عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى،وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ بَزِيعٍ،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ،عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ خَارِجَةَ،عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ كَذٰلِكَ جَعَلْنٰاكُمْ أُمَّةً وَسَطاً لِتَكُونُوا شُهَدٰاءَ عَلَى النّٰاسِ وَ يَكُونَ الرَّسُولُ عَلَيْكُمْ شَهِيداً .قَالَ: «نَحْنُ الشُّهَدَاءُ عَلَى النَّاسِ بِمَا عِنْدَنَا مِنَ الْحَلاَلِ وَ الْحَرَامِ» [1].

99-/671_6- Regarding the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: “And thus We have made you a medium nation...” he said: We are the witnesses over the people by what we possess of the lawful and the unlawful.

_6) -مختصر بصائر الدرجات:65.

Transliteration: Mukhtaṣar Biṣā’ir al-Darajāt 65.

[1] في المصدر زيادة:و بما ضيّعوا.

Transliteration: fī al-maṣdar ziyādah: wa bimā ḍayya‘ū.

99-/672_7- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ بُرَيْدِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ: وَ كَذٰلِكَ جَعَلْنٰاكُمْ أُمَّةً وَسَطاً لِتَكُونُوا شُهَدٰاءَ عَلَى النّٰاسِ وَ يَكُونَ الرَّسُولُ عَلَيْكُمْ شَهِيداً ؟قَالَ:«نَحْنُ الْأُمَّةُ الْوُسْطَى،وَ نَحْنُ شُهَدَاءُ اللَّهِ عَلَى خَلْقِهِ،وَ حُجَجُهُ فِي أَرْضِهِ».

99-/672_7- He said: We are the medium nation, and we are Allah’s witnesses over His creation, and His proofs on His earth.

_7) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:110/62.

Transliteration: Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:110/62.

99-/673_8- عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،قَالَ:سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يَقُولُ: «نَحْنُ نَمَطُ الْحِجَازِ»فَقُلْتُ:وَ مَا نَمَطُ الْحِجَازِ؟ قَالَ:«أَوْسَطُ الْأَنْمَاطِ،إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ: وَ كَذٰلِكَ جَعَلْنٰاكُمْ أُمَّةً وَسَطاً -ثُمَّ قَالَ-إِلَيْنَا يَرْجِعُ الْغَالِي،وَ بِنَا يَلْحَقُ الْمُقَصِّرُ».

99-/673_8- Abū Ja‘far (peace be upon him) said: We are the pattern of the Ḥijāz. I said: And what is the pattern of the Ḥijāz? He said: The most central of the patterns. Indeed Allah says: “And thus We have made you a medium nation.” Then he said: To us the extremist returns, and through us the negligent catches up.

_8) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:111/63.

Transliteration: Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:111/63.

99-/674_9- وَ قَالَ أَبُو بَصِيرٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): لِتَكُونُوا شُهَدٰاءَ عَلَى النّٰاسِ ،قَالَ:«بِمَا عِنْدَنَا مِنَ الْحَلاَلِ وَ الْحَرَامِ،وَ بِمَا ضَيَّعُوا مِنْهُ».

99-/674_9- Regarding “that you may be witnesses over the people,” he said: By what we possess of the lawful and the unlawful, and by what they have neglected of it.

_9) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:113/63.

Transliteration: Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:113/63.

99-/675_10- وَ رَوَى عُمَرُ بْنُ حَنْظَلَةَ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «هُمُ الْأَئِمَّةُ».

99-/675_10- He said: They are the Imams.

_10) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:112/63.

Transliteration: Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:112/63.

99-/676_11- عَنْ أَبِي عَمْرٍو الزُّبَيْرِيِّ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: وَ كَذٰلِكَ جَعَلْنٰاكُمْ أُمَّةً وَسَطاً لِتَكُونُوا شُهَدٰاءَ عَلَى النّٰاسِ وَ يَكُونَ الرَّسُولُ عَلَيْكُمْ شَهِيداً فَإِنْ ظَنَنْتَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَنَى بِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ جَمِيعَ أَهْلِ الْقِبْلَةِ مِنَ الْمُوَحِّدِينَ،أَ فَتَرَى أَنَّ مَنْ لاَ تَجُوزُ شَهَادَتُهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا عَلَى صَاعٍ مِنْ تَمْرٍ،يَطْلُبُ اللَّهُ شَهَادَتَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَ يَقْبَلُهَا مِنْهُ بِحَضْرَةِ جَمِيعِ الْأُمَمِ الْمَاضِيَةِ؟كَلاَّ،لَمْ يَعْنِ اللَّهُ مِثْلَ هَذَا مِنْ خَلْقِهِ،يَعْنِي الْأُمَّةَ الَّتِي وَجَبَتْ لَهَا دَعْوَةُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): كُنْتُمْ خَيْرَ أُمَّةٍ أُخْرِجَتْ لِلنّٰاسِ [2]وَ هُمُ الْأُمَّةُ الْوُسْطَى،وَ هُمْ خَيْرُ أُمَّةٍ أُخْرِجَتْ لِلنَّاسِ».

99-/676_11- Allah, the Exalted, said: “And thus We have made you a medium nation so that you may be witnesses over the people, and the Messenger may be a witness over you.” If you think Allah meant by this verse all the people of the qibla among the monotheists—do you see that one whose testimony is not accepted in this world regarding a measure of dates, will Allah seek his testimony on the Day of Resurrection and accept it from him before all the past nations? No. Allah did not mean such as these of His creation. He meant the nation for whom the supplication of Abraham (peace be upon him) became incumbent: “You are the best nation brought forth for mankind,” and they are the medium nation, and they are the best nation brought forth for mankind.

المرجع: آل عمران 3:110

ترجمة (M. H. Shakir): You are the best of the nations raised up for (the benefit of) men; you enjoin what is right and forbid the wrong and believe in Allah.

_11) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:114/63.

Transliteration: Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:114/63.

قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى:

وَ مٰا جَعَلْنَا الْقِبْلَةَ الَّتِي كُنْتَ عَلَيْهٰا إِلاّٰ لِنَعْلَمَ مَنْ يَتَّبِعُ الرَّسُولَ مِمَّنْ يَنْقَلِبُ عَلىٰ عَقِبَيْهِ وَ إِنْ كٰانَتْ لَكَبِيرَةً إِلاّٰ عَلَى الَّذِينَ هَدَى اللّٰهُ وَ مٰا كٰانَ اللّٰهُ لِيُضِيعَ إِيمٰانَكُمْ إِنَّ اللّٰهَ بِالنّٰاسِ لَرَؤُفٌ رَحِيمٌ[143]

الترجمة (M. H. Shakir): And We did not make that which you would have to be the qibla but that We might distinguish him who follows the Messenger from him who turns back upon his heels, and this was surely a hard thing except for those whom Allah has guided aright; and Allah was not going to make your faith to be fruitless; most surely Allah is Affectionate, Merciful to the people.

المرجع: البقرة 2:143

قدْ تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ تَفْسِيرِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: سَيَقُولُ السُّفَهٰاءُ مِنَ النّٰاسِ الْآيَةَ [1]،وَ نَزِيدُ هَاهُنَا:

الترجمة: The exegesis of this verse has already preceded under His saying, the Exalted: “The fools among the people will say...” and we add here:

99-/677_1- الشَّيْخُ،بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنِ الطَّاطَرِيِّ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ،عَنِ ابْنِ مُسْكَانَ،عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قوله [قَوْلِ] اللَّهِ: وَ مٰا جَعَلْنَا الْقِبْلَةَ الَّتِي كُنْتَ عَلَيْهٰا إِلاّٰ لِنَعْلَمَ مَنْ يَتَّبِعُ الرَّسُولَ مِمَّنْ يَنْقَلِبُ عَلىٰ عَقِبَيْهِ أَمَرَهُ بِهِ؟ قَالَ:«نَعَمْ،إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)كَانَ يُقَلِّبُ وَجْهَهُ فِي السَّمَاءِ،فَعَلِمَ اللَّهُ مَا فِي نَفْسِهِ،فَقَالَ: قَدْ نَرىٰ تَقَلُّبَ وَجْهِكَ فِي السَّمٰاءِ فَلَنُوَلِّيَنَّكَ قِبْلَةً تَرْضٰاهٰا [2]».

99-/677_1- I asked him about Allah’s saying: “And We did not make the qibla which you were upon except that We might know who follows the Messenger from who turns on his heels—did He command him with it?” He said: Yes. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) used to turn his face in the sky, and Allah knew what was in his soul. So He said: “Indeed We see the turning of your face to the heaven, so We shall surely turn you to a qibla which pleases you.”

المرجع: البقرة 2:144

ترجمة (M. H. Shakir): Indeed We see the turning of your face to the heaven, so We shall surely turn you to a qibla which you shall like; turn then your face towards the Sacred Mosque; and wherever you are, turn your faces towards it.

_1) -التهذيب 2:137/43.

Transliteration: al-Tahdhīb 2:137/43.

[1] تقدم في الحديث(1)من تفسير الآية(142)من هذه السورة.

Transliteration: taqaddama fī al-ḥadīth (1) min tafsīr al-āyah (142) min hādhihi al-sūrah.

[2] البقرة 2:144.

Transliteration: al-Baqara 2:144.

99-/678_2- عَنْهُ:عَنِ الطَّاطَرِيِّ،عَنْ وُهَيْبٍ،عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ:اَللَّهُ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ إِلَى الْبَيْتِ الْمُقَدَّسِ؟ قَالَ:«نَعَمْ،أَ لاَ تَرَى أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ: وَ مٰا جَعَلْنَا الْقِبْلَةَ الَّتِي كُنْتَ عَلَيْهٰا إِلاّٰ لِنَعْلَمَ مَنْ يَتَّبِعُ الرَّسُولَ مِمَّنْ يَنْقَلِبُ عَلىٰ عَقِبَيْهِ وَ إِنْ كٰانَتْ لَكَبِيرَةً إِلاّٰ عَلَى الَّذِينَ هَدَى اللّٰهُ وَ مٰا كٰانَ اللّٰهُ لِيُضِيعَ إِيمٰانَكُمْ إِنَّ اللّٰهَ بِالنّٰاسِ لَرَؤُفٌ رَحِيمٌ ».

99-/678_2- I said to him: Did Allah command him to pray toward Bayt al-Maqdis? He said: Yes. Do you not see that Allah, the Exalted, says: “And We did not make the qibla which you were upon except that We might distinguish him who follows the Messenger from him who turns back upon his heels, and most surely it was a hard thing except for those whom Allah guided aright; and Allah was not going to make your faith fruitless; surely Allah is Most Kind, Merciful to the people.”

_2) -التهذيب 2:138/44.

Transliteration: al-Tahdhīb 2:138/44.

99-/679_3- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ بَكْرِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ،عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ بُرَيْدٍ،قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو الزُّبَيْرِيُّ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «لَمَّا صَرَفَ اللَّهُ نَبِيَّهُ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ عَنْ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ،أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ مٰا كٰانَ اللّٰهُ لِيُضِيعَ إِيمٰانَكُمْ إِنَّ اللّٰهَ بِالنّٰاسِ لَرَؤُفٌ رَحِيمٌ فَسَمَّى الصَّلاَةَ إِيمَاناً».

99-/679_3- When Allah turned His Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) to the Ka‘bah from Bayt al-Maqdis, Allah, Mighty and Majestic, revealed: “And Allah was not going to make your faith fruitless; surely Allah is Most Kind, Merciful to the people,” thus He named the prayer “faith.”

_3) -الكافي 2:1/38.

Transliteration: al-Kāfī 2:1/38.

99-/680_4- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:قَالَ أَبُو عَمْرٍو الزُّبَيْرِيُّ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ:أَ لاَ تُخْبِرُنِي عَنِ الْإِيمَانِ، أَ قَوْلٌ هُوَ وَ عَمَلٌ،أَمْ قَوْلٌ بِلاَ عَمَلٍ؟ فَقَالَ:«الْإِيمَانُ عَمَلٌ كُلُّهُ،وَ الْقَوْلُ بَعْضُ ذَلِكَ الْعَمَلِ،مَفْرُوضٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ،مُبَيَّنٌ فِي كِتَابِهِ،وَاضِحٌ نُورُهُ،ثَابِتَةٌ حُجَّتُهُ، يَشْهَدُ لَهُ بِهَا الْكِتَابُ وَ يَدْعُو إِلَيْهِ. وَ لَمَّا أَنْ صَرَفَ اللَّهُ نَبِيَّهُ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ عَنْ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ،قَالَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ لِلنَّبِيِّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ): أَ رَأَيْتَ صَلاَتَنَا الَّتِي كُنَّا نُصَلِّي إِلَى بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ،مَا حَالُنَا فِيهَا،وَ مَا حَالُ مَنْ مَضَى مِنْ أَمْوَاتِنَا وَ هُمْ يُصَلُّونَ إِلَى بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ؟فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ: وَ مٰا كٰانَ اللّٰهُ لِيُضِيعَ إِيمٰانَكُمْ إِنَّ اللّٰهَ بِالنّٰاسِ لَرَؤُفٌ رَحِيمٌ فَسَمَّى الصَّلاَةَ إِيمَاناً،فَمَنِ اتَّقَى اللَّهَ حَافِظاً لِجَوَارِحِهِ مُوفِياً كُلَّ جَارِحَةٍ مِنْ جَوَارِحِهِ بِمَا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ،لَقِيَ اللَّهَ مُسْتَكْمِلاً لِإِيمَانِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ،وَ مَنْ خَانَ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْهَا،أَوْ تَعَدَّى مَا أَمَرَ فِيهَا،لَقِيَ اللَّهَ نَاقِصَ الْإِيمَانِ».

99-/680_4- I said to him: Inform me about faith—is it statement and action, or statement without action? He said: Faith is all action, and statement is part of that action—obligated by Allah, clarified in His Book, its light manifest, its proof established; the Book bears witness to it and calls to it. And when Allah turned His Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) to the Ka‘bah from Bayt al-Maqdis, the Muslims said to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family): What of our prayer which we used to pray toward Bayt al-Maqdis—what is our state regarding it? And what of those of our dead who passed away while they prayed toward Bayt al-Maqdis? Then Allah revealed: “And Allah was not going to make your faith fruitless; surely Allah is Most Kind, Merciful to the people.” Thus He named the prayer “faith.” So whoever is Godwary, guarding his limbs, fulfilling for each limb what Allah has made obligatory upon it, will meet Allah with faith complete, being among the people of Paradise; and whoever betrays in any of that, or transgresses what is commanded therein, will meet Allah with faith deficient.

_4) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:115/63.

Transliteration: Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:115/63.

قوله تعالى:

فَوَلِّ وَجْهَكَ شَطْرَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرٰامِ وَ حَيْثُ مٰا كُنْتُمْ فَوَلُّوا وُجُوهَكُمْ شَطْرَهُ[144]

الترجمة (M. H. Shakir): Turn then your face towards the Sacred Mosque; and wherever you are, turn your faces towards it.

المرجع: البقرة 2:144

99-/681_1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ حَمَّادٍ،عَنْ حَرِيزٍ،عَنْ زُرَارَةَ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «إِذَا اسْتَقْبَلْتَ الْقِبْلَةَ بِوَجْهِكَ فَلاَ تَقْلِبْ وَجْهَكَ عَنِ الْقِبْلَةِ فَتَفْسُدَ صَلاَتُكَ،فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ قَالَ لِنَبِيِّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)فِي الْفَرِيضَةِ: فَوَلِّ وَجْهَكَ شَطْرَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرٰامِ وَ حَيْثُ مٰا كُنْتُمْ فَوَلُّوا وُجُوهَكُمْ شَطْرَهُ وَ اخْشَعْ بِبَصَرِكَ وَ لاَ تَرْفَعْهُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ،وَ لْيَكُنْ حِذَاءَ وَجْهِكَ فِي مَوْضِعِ سُجُودِكَ».

99-/681_1- When you face the qibla with your face, do not turn your face away from the qibla lest your prayer be invalidated. For Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said to His Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) regarding the obligatory prayer: “So turn your face toward the Sacred Mosque, and wherever you are, turn your faces toward it,” and be humble with your gaze; do not lift it to the sky, and let what is before your face be at the place of your prostration.

_1) -الكافي 3:6/300.

Transliteration: al-Kāfī 3:6/300.

99-/682_2- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ حَرِيزٍ،قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «اسْتَقْبِلِ الْقِبْلَةَ بِوَجْهِكَ وَ لاَ تُقَلِّبْ وَجْهَكَ عَنِ [1]الْقِبْلَةِ فَتَفْسُدَ صَلاَتُكَ،فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ لِنَبِيِّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)فِي الْفَرِيضَةِ: فَوَلِّ وَجْهَكَ شَطْرَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرٰامِ وَ حَيْثُ مٰا كُنْتُمْ فَوَلُّوا وُجُوهَكُمْ شَطْرَهُ ».

99-/682_2- Face the qibla with your face and do not turn your face away from the qibla lest your prayer be invalidated, for Allah says to His Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) regarding the obligatory prayer: “So turn your face toward the Sacred Mosque, and wherever you are, turn your faces toward it.”

_2) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:116/64.

Transliteration: Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:116/64.

[1] في المصدر:من.

Transliteration: fī al-maṣdar: min.

قوله تعالى:

اَلَّذِينَ آتَيْنٰاهُمُ الْكِتٰابَ يَعْرِفُونَهُ كَمٰا يَعْرِفُونَ أَبْنٰاءَهُمْ وَ إِنَّ فَرِيقاً مِنْهُمْ لَيَكْتُمُونَ الْحَقَّ وَ هُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ* اَلْحَقُّ مِنْ رَبِّكَ فَلاٰ تَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الْمُمْتَرِينَ[146-147]

الترجمة (M. H. Shakir): Those to whom We have given the Book recognize him as they recognize their sons, and a party of them most surely conceal the truth while they know. The truth is from your Lord, therefore you should not be of the doubters.

المرجع: البقرة 2:146-147

99-/683_1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ رَفَعَهُ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ ابْنِ دَاوُدَ الْغَنَوِيِّ،عَنِ الْأَصْبَغِ [بْنِ] نُبَاتَةَ،عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «أَمَّا أَصْحَابُ الْمَشْأَمَةِ فَهُمُ الْيَهُودُ وَ النَّصَارَى، يَقُولُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: اَلَّذِينَ آتَيْنٰاهُمُ الْكِتٰابَ يَعْرِفُونَهُ كَمٰا يَعْرِفُونَ أَبْنٰاءَهُمْ يَعْرِفُونَ مُحَمَّداً وَ الْوَلاَيَةَ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ وَ الْإِنْجِيلِ،كَمَا يَعْرِفُونَ أَبْنَاءَهُمْ فِي مَنَازِلِهِمْ وَ إِنَّ فَرِيقاً مِنْهُمْ لَيَكْتُمُونَ الْحَقَّ وَ هُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ* اَلْحَقُّ مِنْ رَبِّكَ أَنَّكَ أَنْتَ الرَّسُولُ إِلَيْهِمْ فَلاٰ تَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الْمُمْتَرِينَ .

99-/683_1- As for the people of the left (ashāb al-mash’amah), they are the Jews and the Christians. Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says: “Those to whom We have given the Book recognize him as they recognize their sons...” They recognize Muhammad and the authority (al-wilāyah) in the Torah and the Gospel as they recognize their sons in their homes. “And a party of them surely conceal the truth while they know. The truth is from your Lord—that you are indeed the Messenger to them—so do not be among the doubters.”

_3) -الكافي 2:16/215.

Transliteration: al-Kāfī 2:16/215.