S 110 Ayat 1

قوله تعالى:

بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ إِذٰا جٰاءَ نَصْرُ اللّٰهِ وَ الْفَتْحُ [1]

His saying, the Exalted: In the name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful. “When there comes the help of Allah and the victory.”

99-/11968 _1- الشَّيْخُ فِي(أَمَالِيهِ)قَالَ:أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ،قَالَ:أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ بِلاَلٍ الْمُهَلَّبِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْبَغْدَادِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْمُقْرِئُ،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْأَزْهَرِ،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ صَالِحٍ الْمَكِّيِّ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ جَدِّهِ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) إِذٰا جٰاءَ نَصْرُ اللّٰهِ وَ الْفَتْحُ قَالَ لِي:يَا عَلِيُّ،لَقَدْ جَاءَ نَصْرُ اللَّهِ وَ الْفَتْحُ،فَإِذَا رَأَيْتَ النَّاسَ يَدْخُلُونَ فِي دِينِ اللَّهِ أَفْوَاجاً فَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ وَ اسْتَغْفِرْهُ إِنَّهُ كَانَ تَوَّاباً.

99-/11968 _1- Shaykh (al-Ṭūsī), in his Amālī, said: Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad informed us, who said: Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Bilāl al-Muhallabī informed me, who said: Abū al-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥasan al-Baghdādī narrated to us, who said: al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿUmar al-Muqriʾ narrated to us, from ʿAlī ibn al-Azhar, from ʿAlī ibn Ṣāliḥ al-Makkī, from Muḥammad ibn ʿUmar ibn ʿAlī, from his father, from his grandfather (peace be upon them), who said:

“When ‘When there comes the help of Allah and the victory’ (Qur’an 110:1) was revealed to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family), he said to me: ‘O ʿAlī, the help of Allah and the victory have surely come. So when you see the people entering the religion of Allah in groups, then glorify the praise of your Lord and seek His forgiveness; surely He is oft-returning (in mercy).’”

يَا عَلِيُّ،إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى قَدْ كَتَبَ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الْجِهَادَ فِي الْفِتْنَةِ مِنْ بَعْدِي كَمَا كَتَبَ عَلَيْهِمْ جِهَادَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ مَعِي.فَقُلْتُ:يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ،وَ مَا الْفِتْنَةُ الَّتِي كُتِبَ عَلَيْنَا فِيهَا الْجِهَادُ؟قَالَ:فِتْنَةُ قَوْمٍ يَشْهَدُونَ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَ أَنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ،وَ هُمْ مُخَالِفُونَ لِسُنَّتِي وَ طَاعِنُونَ فِي دِينِي.فَقُلْتُ:فَعَلاَمَ نُقَاتِلُهُمْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ،وَ هُمْ يَشْهَدُونَ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَ أَنَّكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ؟فَقَالَ:عَلَى إِحْدَاثِهِمْ فِي دِينِهِمْ،وَ فِرَاقِهِمْ لِأَمْرِي،وَ اسْتِحْلاَلِهِمْ دِمَاءَ عِتْرَتِي.

Continuation of 99-/11968 _1-

The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: “O ʿAlī, surely Allah, the Exalted, has ordained upon the believers to engage in jihād during tribulation after me, just as He ordained upon them to wage jihād against the polytheists with me.” I said, “O Messenger of Allah, and what is the tribulation in which jihād has been ordained upon us?” He said: “It is the tribulation of a people who testify that there is no god but Allah and that I am the Messenger of Allah, yet they oppose my Sunnah and criticize my religion.” So I said, “Then on what basis shall we fight them, O Messenger of Allah, while they testify that there is no god but Allah and that you are the Messenger of Allah?” He replied: “On account of the innovations they bring into their religion, their separation from my command, and their deeming it lawful to shed the blood of my progeny.”

قَالَ:فَقُلْتُ:يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّكَ كُنْتَ وَعَدْتَنِي الشَّهَادَةَ،فَسَلِ اللَّهَ تَعْجِيلَهَا لِي.فَقَالَ:أَجَلْ،قَدْ كُنْتُ وَعَدْتُكَ الشَّهَادَةَ،فَكَيْفَ صَبْرُكَ إِذَا خُضِبَتْ هَذِهِ مِنْ هَذَا؟وَ أَوْمَأَ إِلَى رَأْسِي وَ لِحْيَتِي.فَقُلْتُ:يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ،أَمَّا إِذَا ثَبَتَ لِي مَا ثَبَتَ [1]،فَلَيْسَ بِمَوْطِنِ صَبْرٍ،وَ لَكِنَّهُ مَوْطِنُ بُشْرَى وَ شُكْرٍ.فَقَالَ:أَجَلْ،فَأَعِدَّ لِلْخُصُومَةِ،فَإِنَّكَ مُخَاصِمٌ [2]أُمَّتِي.

قُلْتُ:يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ،أَرْشِدْنِي الْفَلْجَ؟قَالَ:إِذَا رَأَيْتَ قَوْمَكَ قَدْ عَدَلُوا عَنِ الْهُدَى إِلَى الضَّلاَلِ فَخَاصِمْهُمْ،فَإِنَّ الْهُدَى مِنَ اللَّهِ،وَ الضَّلاَلَ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ.يَا عَلِيُّ،إِنَّ الْهُدَى هُوَ

اتِّبَاعُ أَمْرِ اللَّهِ دُونَ الْهَوَى وَ الرَّأْيِ،وَ كَأَنَّكَ بِقَوْمٍ قَدْ تَأَوَّلُوا

الْقُرْآنَ،وَ أَخَذُوا بِالشُّبُهَاتِ،وَ اسْتَحَلُّوا الْخَمْرَ وَ النَّبِيذَ وَ الْبَخْسَ بِالزَّكَاةِ،وَ السُّحْتَ بِالْهَدِيَّةِ.

He said: So I said, “O Messenger of Allah, you had promised me martyrdom—so ask Allah to hasten it for me.” He replied, “Yes, I had indeed promised you martyrdom. But how will you bear it when this is dyed with this?”—and he gestured toward my head and my beard. So I said, “O Messenger of Allah, as long as what has been promised to me is certain, then it is not a time for patience—it is a time for glad tidings and gratitude.” He said, “Indeed. Then prepare for dispute, for you shall contend with my ummah.” I said, “O Messenger of Allah, guide me to victory (in that contention).” He said, “When you see your people have turned from guidance to misguidance, then dispute with them—for guidance is from Allah, and misguidance is from Shayṭān. O ʿAlī, true guidance is following the command of Allah, not following desires or opinions. And it is as though I can see a people who have interpreted the Qur’an [falsely], clung to ambiguities, made wine and nabīdh (fermented drink) lawful, reduced the due zakāt, and consumed ill-gotten wealth under the guise of gifts.”

_1) -الأمالي 1:63.

[1] في المصدر:إذا بينت لي ما بينت.

[2] في المصدر:تخاصم.

Page 784 in Arabic

قُلْتُ:يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ،فَمَا هُمْ إِذَا فَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ،أَ هُمْ أَهْلُ فِتْنَةٍ أَمْ أَهْلُ رِدَّةٍ؟فَقَالَ:هُمْ أَهْلُ فِتْنَةٍ يَعْمَهُونَ فِيهَا إِلَى أَنْ يُدْرِكَهُمُ الْعَدْلُ.

فَقُلْتُ:يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ،الْعَدْلُ مِنَّا،أَمْ مِنْ غَيْرِنَا؟فَقَالَ:بَلْ مِنَّا،بِنَا فَتَحَ اللَّهُ،وَ بِنَا يَخْتِمُ اللَّهُ،وَ بِنَا أَلَّفَ اللَّهُ بَيْنَ الْقُلُوبِ بَعْدَ الشِّرْكِ،وَ بِنَا يُؤَلِّفُ بَيْنَ الْقُلُوبِ بَعْدَ الْفِتْنَةِ.فَقُلْتُ:اَلْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ عَلَى مَا وَهَبَ لَنَا مِنْ فَضْلِهِ».

وَ رَوَاهُ الْمُفِيدُ فِي(أَمَالِيهِ)،قَالَ:أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ بِلاَلٍ الْمُهَلَّبِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْبَغْدَادِيُّ،وَ سَاقَ الْحَدِيثَ إِلَى آخِرِهِ [1].

I said, “O Messenger of Allah, when they do such things—are they people of fitnah (tribulation), or people of riddah (apostasy)?” He replied, “They are people of tribulation, wandering blindly within it until justice overtakes them.”

So I said, “O Messenger of Allah, is this justice from us or from others?” He said, “Rather, it is from us. Through us Allah began, and through us Allah will conclude. Through us, Allah united the hearts after polytheism, and through us He will unite the hearts after tribulation.”

I said, “All praise is due to Allah for what He has granted us of His bounty.”

And this ḥadīth was also narrated by al-Mufīd in his Amālī. He said: Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Bilāl al-Muhallabī informed me, who said: Abū al-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥusayn al-Baghdādī narrated to us—and he transmitted the ḥadīth to its end.

99-/11969 _2- ابْنُ شَهْرِ آشُوبَ:عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَ السُّدِّيِّ: لَمَّا نَزَلَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: إِنَّكَ مَيِّتٌ وَ إِنَّهُمْ مَيِّتُونَ [2]قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):«لَيْتَنِي أَعْلَمُ مَتَى يَكُونُ ذَلِكَ».فَنَزَلَتْ سُورَةُ النَّصْرِ،فَكَانَ يَسْكُتُ بَيْنَ التَّكْبِيرِ وَ الْقِرَاءَةِ بَعْدَ نُزُولِهَا،فَيَقُولُ:«سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ وَ بِحَمْدِهِ،أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ وَ أَتُوبُ إِلَيْهِ».فَقِيلَ لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ؟فَقَالَ:«أَمَا إِنَّ نَفْسِي نُعِيَتْ إِلَيَّ».ثُمَّ بَكَى بُكَاءً شَدِيداً،فَقِيلَ:يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ،أَ وَ تَبْكِي مِنَ الْمَوْتِ وَ قَدْ غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَكَ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِكَ وَ مَا تَأَخَّرَ؟ قَالَ:«فَأَيْنَ هَوْلُ الْمُطَّلَعِ،وَ أَيْنَ ضِيقُ الْقَبْرِ وَ ظُلْمَةُ اللَّحْدِ،وَ أَيْنَ الْقِيَامَةُ وَ الْأَهْوَالُ؟».فَعَاشَ بَعْدَ نُزُولِ هَذِهِ السُّورَةِ عَاماً.

99-/11969 _2- Ibn Shahr Āshūb narrated from Ibn ʿAbbās and al-Suddī:

When the saying of the Exalted was revealed: “Surely you shall die and they (too) shall surely die” [Qur’an 39:30], the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: “Would that I knew when that will be.”

Then Sūrat al-Naṣr was revealed, and after its revelation, he would remain silent between the takbīr and the recitation in prayer, saying: “Glory be to Allah and praise be to Him; I seek forgiveness from Allah and turn to Him in repentance.”

So it was said to him regarding that, and he replied: “Indeed, my soul has been informed of its passing.” Then he wept intensely. It was said to him, “O Messenger of Allah, do you weep at death, while Allah has forgiven you what preceded of your sin and what followed?”

He said: “Then what of the terrors of the exposure (on the Day of Judgment)? What of the constriction of the grave and the darkness of the tomb? What of the Resurrection and its horrors?”

And he lived for one year after the revelation of this surah.

99-/11970 _3- وَ فِي(الْأَسْبَابِ وَ النُّزُولِ):عَنِ الْوَاحِدِيِّ،أَنَّهُ رَوَى عِكْرِمَةُ،عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ،قَالَ: لَمَّا أَقْبَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)مِنْ غَزَاةِ خَيْبَرَ [3]وَ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ سُورَةَ الْفَتْحِ،قَالَ:«يَا عَلِيُّ،وَ يَا فَاطِمَةُ،إِذَا جَاءَ نَصْرُ اللَّهِ وَ الْفَتْحُ».إِلَى آخِرِ السُّورَةِ.

99-/11970 _3- And in Asbāb al-Nuzūl from al-Wāḥidī: He narrated from ʿIkrimah, from Ibn ʿAbbās, who said:

When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) returned from the Battle of Khaybar, and Allah revealed Sūrat al-Fatḥ, he said: “O ʿAlī, and O Fāṭimah: ‘When there comes the help of Allah and the victory...’ — to the end of the surah.”

99-/11971 _4- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ،فِي مَعْنَى السُّورَةِ:قَوْلُهُ: إِذٰا جٰاءَ نَصْرُ اللّٰهِ وَ الْفَتْحُ قَالَ:نَزَلَتْ بِمِنًى فِي حِجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ إِذٰا جٰاءَ نَصْرُ اللّٰهِ وَ الْفَتْحُ ،فَلَمَّا نَزَلَتْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):«نُعِيَتْ إِلَيَّ نَفْسِي»،فَجَاءَ إِلَى مَسْجِدِ الْخَيْفِ فَجَمَعَ النَّاسَ،ثُمَّ قَالَ:«نَصَرَ اللَّهُ امْرَءاً سَمِعَ مَقَالَتِي فَوَعَاهَا وَ بَلَّغَهَا مَنْ لَمْ يَسْمَعْهَا،فَرُبَّ حَامِلِ فِقْهٍ غَيْرُ فَقِيهٍ،وَ رُبَّ حَامِلِ فِقْهٍ إِلَى مَنْ هُوَ أَفْقَهُ مِنْهُ.ثَلاَثٌ لاَ يُغِلُّ عَلَيْهِنَّ قَلْبُ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ:إِخْلاَصُ الْعَمَلِ لِلَّهِ، وَ النَّصِيحَةُ لِأَئِمَّةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ،وَ اللُّزُومُ لِجَمَاعَتِهِمْ،فَإِنَّ دَعْوَتَهُمْ مُحِيطَةٌ مِنْ وَرَائِهِمْ.

99-/11971 _4- ʿAlī ibn Ibrāhīm, regarding the meaning of the surah, said:

His saying: “When there comes the help of Allah and the victory”—it was revealed at Minā during the Farewell Ḥajj: “When there comes the help of Allah and the victory”.

When it was revealed, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: “My soul has been informed of its passing.”

Then he came to Masjid al-Khayf and gathered the people and said:

“May Allah grant victory to the one who hears my words, understands them, and conveys them to one who has not heard them. For perhaps one carrying understanding is not truly understanding, and perhaps one carrying understanding may convey it to one more understanding than himself.

Three things will never allow the heart of a Muslim to harbor malice:

يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ،إِنِّي تَارِكٌ فِيكُمُ الثَّقَلَيْنِ مَا إِنْ تَمَسَّكْتُمْ بِهِمَا لَنْ تَضِلُّوا وَ لَنْ تَزِلُّوا:كِتَابَ اللَّهِ،وَ عِتْرَتِي أَهْلَ بَيْتِي، فَإِنَّهُ قَدْ نَبَّأَنِيَ اللَّطِيفُ الْخَبِيرُ أَنَّهُمَا لَنْ يَفْتَرِقَا حَتَّى يَرِدَا عَلَيَّ الْحَوْضَ كَإِصْبَعَيَّ هَاتَيْنِ-وَ جَمَعَ بَيْنَ سَبَّابَتَيْهِ-وَ لاَ أَقُولُ

كَهَاتَيْنِ وَ-جَمَعَ بَيْنَ سَبَّابَتِهِ وَ الْوُسْطَى-فَتَفْضُلَ هَذِهِ عَلَى هَذِهِ».

“O people! Indeed, I am leaving among you the Two Weighty Things (al-thaqalayn): as long as you hold fast to them, you will never go astray nor slip. They are: the Book of Allah and my progeny—my Ahl al-Bayt.

Verily, the All-Subtle, the All-Aware has informed me that they shall never separate until they return to me at the Ḥawḍ (the Pond), like these two fingers of mine”—and he joined his two index fingers—“and I do not say like these two”—and he joined his index and middle fingers—“lest this one be superior to that one.”

_2) -المناقب 1:234.

_3) -المناقب 1:234.

_4) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:446.

[1] الأمالي:7/288.

[2] الزمر 39:30.

[3] في المصدر:غزوة حنين.

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99-/11972 _5- الطَّبْرِسِيُّ:عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ،قَالَ: لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ السُّورَةُ كَانَ النَّبِيُّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)يَقُولُ كَثِيراً:«سُبْحَانَكَ،اللَّهُمَّ وَ بِحَمْدِكَ،اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي،إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ».

99-/11972 _5- Al-Ṭabrisī narrated from ʿAbdullāh ibn Masʿūd, who said:

When this surah was revealed, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) would often say: “Glory be to You, O Allah, and with Your praise. O Allah, forgive me. Surely, You are the Oft-returning, the Merciful.”

99-/11973 _6- وَ عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ،قَالَتْ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،بِالْآخِرَةِ لاَ يَقُومُ وَ لاَ يَقْعُدُ وَ لاَ يَجِيءُ وَ لاَ يَذْهَبُ،إِلاَّ قَالَ:«سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ وَ بِحَمْدِهِ،وَ أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ وَ أَتُوبُ إِلَيْهِ».فَسَأَلْنَاهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ؟فَقَالَ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):«إِنِّي أُمِرْتُ بِهَا»ثُمَّ قَرَأَ: إِذٰا جٰاءَ نَصْرُ اللّٰهِ وَ الْفَتْحُ .

99-/11973 _6- And from Umm Salamah, she said:

The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family), toward the end of his life, would not stand, sit, come, or go except that he said: “Glory be to Allah and with His praise. I seek forgiveness from Allah and turn to Him in repentance.”

So we asked him about that, and he (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: “I have been commanded to do so.” Then he recited: “When there comes the help of Allah and the victory” [Qur’an 110:1].

99-/11974 _7- وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ عَائِشَةَ:أَنَّهُ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)كَانَ يَقُولُ: «سُبْحَانَكَ اللَّهُمَّ وَ بِحَمْدِكَ،وَ أَسْتَغْفِرُكَ وَ أَتُوبُ إِلَيْكَ».

99-/11974 _7- And in the narration of ʿĀʾishah: the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) used to say:

“Glory be to You, O Allah, and with Your praise. I seek Your forgiveness and turn to You in repentance.”

و قد تقدم في مقدّمة الكتاب:أنها آخر سورة نزلت [1].

And it has already been mentioned in the introduction of the book that it is the last surah to be revealed.

_5) -مجمع البيان 10:844.

_6) -مجمع البيان 10:844.

_7) -مجمع البيان 10:845.

[1] تقدّم في الباب(15)في أوّل سورة نزلت و آخر سورة.

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