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قوله تعالى:

فَلَمَّا أَحَسَّ عِيسَىٰ مِنْهُمُ الْكُفْرَ قَالَ مَنْ أَنْصَارِي إِلَى اللَّهِ قَالَ الْحَوَارِيُّونَ نَحْنُ أَنْصَارُ اللَّهِ آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَاشْهَدْ بِأَنَّا مُسْلِمُونَ [آل عمران 3:52]

3:52 M. H. Shakir: But when Isa perceived unbelief on their part, he said: Who will be my helpers in Allah's way? The disciples said: We are helpers (in the way) of Allah: We believe in Allah and bear witness that we are submitting ones.

99-/1711

ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ الطَّالَقَانِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْكُوفِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،قَالَ: قُلْتُ:لِأَبِي الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):لِمَ سُمِّيَ الْحَوَارِيُّونَ حَوَارِيِّينَ؟ قَالَ:«أَمَّا عِنْدَ النَّاسِ فَإِنَّهُمْ سُمُّوا حَوَارِيِّينَ لِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا قَصَّارِينَ يُخَلِّصُونَ الثِّيَابَ مِنَ الْوَسَخِ بِالْغَسْلِ، وَ هُوَ اسْمٌ مُشْتَقٌّ مِنَ الْخُبْزِ الْحُوَّارَى،وَ أَمَّا عِنْدَنَا فَسُمِّيَ الْحَوَارِيُّونَ حَوَارِيِّينَ لِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا مُخْلِصِينَ فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَ مُخْلِصِينَ لِغَيْرِهِمْ مِنْ أَوْسَاخِ الذُّنُوبِ بِالْوَعْظِ وَ التَّذَكُّرِ».

99-/1711 - Ibn Babawayh said: Abu al-‘Abbas Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Ishaq al-Talaqani narrated to us, who said: Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Sa‘id al-Kufi narrated to us, who said: ‘Ali ibn al-Hasan ibn Faddal narrated to us, from his father, who said: I said to Abu al-Hasan al-Rida (peace be upon him): Why were the Disciples (al-Hawariyyun) called Hawariyyun? He said: As for the common view, they were called Hawariyyun because they were washers who cleansed clothes of dirt by washing; and it is a name derived from the white fine flour bread (al-khubz al-huwwara). But as for our view, the Hawariyyun were so called because they were sincere in themselves and purifiers of others from the filth of sins through exhortation and reminding.

[1] الحوّارى:الدقيق الأبيض،و هو لباب الدقيق.و الخبر الحوّارى:الخبز المعمول من هذا الدقيق.

[1] Al-huwwārī: al-daqīq al-abyad, wa huwa lubāb al-daqīq. Wa al-khubz al-huwwārī: al-khubz al-ma‘mūl min hādhā al-daqīq.

Explanation: “Al-huwwari” refers to white fine flour, the core of the flour; and “al-khubz al-huwwari” is bread made from this flour.

قوله تعالى:

وَمَكَرُوا وَمَكَرَ اللَّهُ وَاللَّهُ خَيْرُ الْمَاكِرِينَ [آل عمران 3:54]

3:54 M. H. Shakir: And they planned, and Allah (also) planned; and Allah is the best of planners.

99-/1712

ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ:عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يُونُسَ الْمُعَاذِيِّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ ابْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْكُوفِيُّ الْهَمْدَانِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ الرِّضَا(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ قَوْلِهِ: وَ مَكَرُوا وَ مَكَرَ اللّٰهُ .فَقَالَ:«إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى لاَ يَمْكُرُ،وَ لَكِنَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يُجَازِيهِمْ جَزَاءَ الْمَكْرِ».

99-/1712 - Ibn Babawayh, from Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Ahmad ibn Yunus al-Mu‘ādhi, said: Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Sa‘id al-Kufi al-Hamdani told me, who said: ‘Ali ibn al-Hasan ibn Faddal narrated to us, from his father, who said: I asked al-Rida (peace be upon him) about His saying: “And they planned, and Allah (also) planned.” He said: Indeed, Allah—Blessed and Exalted—does not scheme; rather, Majestic and Mighty is He, He recompenses them with the recompense of scheming.

[2] في العيون:محمّد بن أحمد بن إبراهيم المعاذي،و كلاهما واحد،انظر معجم رجال الحديث 14:219 و 312.

[2] Fī al-‘Uyūn: Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Mu‘ādhi, wa kilāhumā wāhid, unẓur Ma‘jam Rijāl al-Hadīth 14:219 wa 312.

Note: In al-‘Uyūn: “Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Mu‘ādhi”; both refer to the same person. See Ma‘jam Rijāl al-Hadīth 14:219 and 312.

قوله تعالى:

إِذْ قَالَ اللَّهُ يَا عِيسَىٰ إِنِّي مُتَوَفِّيكَ وَرَافِعُكَ إِلَيَّ وَمُطَهِّرُكَ مِنَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَجَاعِلُ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوكَ فَوْقَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا إِلَىٰ يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ ثُمَّ إِلَيَّ مَرْجِعُكُمْ فَأَحْكُمُ بَيْنَكُمْ فِيمَا كُنْتُمْ فِيهِ تَخْتَلِفُونَ [آل عمران 3:55]

3:55 M. H. Shakir: When Allah said: O Isa, I am going to terminate the period of your stay (on earth) and cause you to ascend unto Me and purify you of those who disbelieve and make those who follow you above those who disbelieve to the day of resurrection; then to Me shall be your return, so I will decide between you concerning that in which you differed.

99-/1713

عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي،عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ،عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ،عَنْ حُمْرَانَ بْنِ أَعْيَنَ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «إِنَّ عِيسَى(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)وَعَدَ أَصْحَابَهُ لَيْلَةَ رَفَعَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ فَاجْتَمَعُوا إِلَيْهِ عِنْدَ الْمَسَاءِ، وَ هُمْ اثْنَا عَشَرَ رَجُلاً،فَأَدْخَلَهُمْ بَيْتاً ثُمَّ خَرَجَ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ عَيْنٍ فِي زَاوِيَةِ الْبَيْتِ،وَ هُوَ يَنْفُضُ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ الْمَاءِ فَقَالَ:إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَوْحَى إِلَيَّ أَنَّهُ رَافِعِي إِلَيْهِ السَّاعَةَ،وَ مُطَهِّرِي مِنَ الْيَهُودِ،فَأَيُّكُمْ يُلْقَى عَلَيْهِ شَبَحِي فَيُقْتَلُ،وَ يُصْلَبُ،وَ يَكُونُ مَعِي فِي دَرَجَتِي؟فَقَالَ شَابٌّ مِنْهُمْ:أَنَا يَا رُوحَ اللَّهِ.قَالَ:فَأَنْتَ هُوَ ذَا.

فَقَالَ لَهُمْ عِيسَى(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):إِنَّ مِنْكُمْ لَمَنْ يَكْفُرُ بِي قَبْلَ أَنْ يُصْبِحَ اثْنَتَيْ عَشْرَةَ كَفْرَةً.فَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ:أَنَا هُوَ يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ.فَقَالَ عِيسَى(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):أَ تُحِسُّ بِذَلِكَ فِي نَفْسِكَ؟فَلْتَكُنْ هُوَ.

ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُمْ عِيسَى(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):إِنَّكُمْ سَتَفْتَرِقُونَ بَعْدِي عَلَى ثَلاَثِ فِرَقٍ؛فِرْقَتَيْنِ مُفْتَرِيَتَيْنِ عَلَى اللَّهِ فِي النَّارِ، وَ فِرْقَةٍ تَتْبَعُ شَمْعُونَ صَادِقَةً عَلَى اللَّهِ فِي الْجَنَّةِ.ثُمَّ رَفَعَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عِيسَى(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)إِلَيْهِ مِنْ زَاوِيَةِ الْبَيْتِ وَ هُمْ يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَيْهِ».

ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«إِنَّ الْيَهُودَ جَاءَتْ فِي طَلَبِ عِيسَى(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)مِنْ لَيْلَتِهِمْ،فَأَخَذُوا الرَّجُلَ الَّذِي قَالَ لَهُ عِيسَى:إِنَّ مِنْكُمْ لَمَنْ يَكْفُرُ بِي قَبْلَ أَنْ يُصْبِحَ اثْنَتَيْ عَشْرَةَ كَفْرَةً،وَ أَخَذُوا الشَّابَّ الَّذِي أُلْقِيَ عَلَيْهِ شَبَحُ عِيسَى(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،فَقُتِلَ وَ صُلِبَ،وَ كَفَرَ الَّذِي قَالَ لَهُ عِيسَى:تَكْفُرُ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُصْبِحَ اثْنَتَيْ عَشْرَةَ كَفْرَةً».

99-/1713 - ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim said: My father narrated to me, from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr, from Jamil ibn Salih, from Humran ibn A‘yan, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), who said: Isa (peace be upon him) promised his companions on the night when Allah raised him to Himself. They gathered to him at evening, and they were twelve men. He brought them into a house, then came out to them from a spring in a corner of the house, shaking water from his head, and said: Allah has revealed to me that He will raise me to Himself at this very hour and purify me from the Jews. Which of you will have my likeness cast upon him, be killed and crucified, and be with me in my rank? A youth among them said: I am, O Spirit of Allah. He said: Then you are he.

Isa (peace be upon him) then said to them: Indeed, one of you will disbelieve in me before morning twelve times. A man among them said to him: I am he, O Prophet of Allah. Isa (peace be upon him) said: Do you sense that within yourself? Then let it be you.

Then Isa (peace be upon him) said to them: After me you will split into three groups: two groups who fabricate against Allah, in the Fire; and a group who follow Sham‘un, truthful with Allah, in the Garden. Then Allah, Exalted, raised Isa (peace be upon him) to Himself from the corner of the house while they were looking at him.

Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) then said: The Jews came that very night seeking Isa (peace be upon him); they seized the man to whom Isa had said, “One of you will disbelieve in me before morning twelve times,” and they seized the youth upon whom the likeness of Isa (peace be upon him) was cast; he was killed and crucified; and the one to whom Isa had said, “You will disbelieve before morning twelve times,” did disbelieve.

99-/1714

الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ،عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا،عَنْ رَجُلٍ حَدَّثَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: «رُفِعَ عِيسَى بْنُ مَرْيَمَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)بِمِدْرَعَةِ صُوفٍ مِنْ غَزْلِ مَرْيَمَ،وَ مِنْ نَسْجِ مَرْيَمَ،وَ مِنْ خِيَاطَةِ مَرْيَمَ،فَلَمَّا انْتَهَى إِلَى السَّمَاءِ نُودِيَ:يَا عِيسَى،أَلْقِ عَنْكَ زِينَةَ الدُّنْيَا».

99-/1714 - Al-‘Ayyashi, from Ibn ‘Umar, from some of our companions, from a man who related to him from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), said: Isa son of Maryam (peace be upon him) was raised wearing a woolen tunic spun by Maryam, woven by Maryam, and sewn by Maryam. When he reached the heaven, it was proclaimed: O Isa, remove from yourself the adornment of the world.

99-/1715

ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ الطَّالَقَانِيُّ(رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ)،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ عُقْدَةَ الْكُوفِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُوسَى(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «إِنَّهُ مَا شُبِّهَ أَمْرُ أَحَدٍ مِنْ أَنْبِيَاءِ اللَّهِ وَ حُجَجِهِ لِلنَّاسِ إِلاَّ أَمْرُ عِيسَى(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)وَحْدَهُ،لِأَنَّهُ رُفِعَ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ حَيّاً وَ قُبِضَ رُوحُهُ بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَ الْأَرْضِ،ثُمَّ رُفِعَ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ وَ رُدَّ عَلَيْهِ رُوحُهُ،وَ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: إِذْ قٰالَ اللّٰهُ يٰا عِيسىٰ إِنِّي مُتَوَفِّيكَ وَ رٰافِعُكَ إِلَيَّ وَ مُطَهِّرُكَ وَ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى حِكَايَةً لِقَوْلِ عِيسَى يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ: وَ كُنْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ شَهِيداً مٰا دُمْتُ فِيهِمْ فَلَمّٰا تَوَفَّيْتَنِي كُنْتَ أَنْتَ الرَّقِيبَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَ أَنْتَ عَلىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهِيدٌ».

99-/1715 - Ibn Babawayh said: Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Ishaq al-Talaqani (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated to us, who said: Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Sa‘id ibn ‘Uqdah al-Kufi narrated to us, who said: ‘Ali ibn al-Hasan ibn ‘Ali ibn Faddal narrated to us, from his father, from Abu al-Hasan ‘Ali ibn Musa (peace be upon him), who said: The affair of none among the prophets of Allah and His proofs was made to resemble for the people except the affair of Isa (peace be upon him) alone, because he was raised alive from the earth and his soul was taken between heaven and earth; then he was raised to heaven and his soul was returned to him. That is His—Mighty and Majestic—saying: “When Allah said: O ‘Isa, I am going to terminate the period of your stay and cause you to ascend unto Me and purify you...” and Allah, Exalted, said, relating the words of Isa on the Day of Resurrection: “And I was a witness over them so long as I was among them, but when Thou didst cause me to die, Thou wert the Watcher over them, and Thou art witness of all things.” [al-Ma’idah 5:117, M. H. Shakir]

[1] المائدة 5:117.

[1] Al-Mā’idah 5:117.

قوله تعالى:

إِنَّ مَثَلَ عِيسَىٰ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ كَمَثَلِ آدَمَ خَلَقَهُ مِنْ تُرَابٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ كُنْ فَيَكُونُ [آل عمران 3:59]

3:59 M. H. Shakir: Surely the likeness of Isa is with Allah as the likeness of Adam; He created him from dust, then said to him, Be, and he was.

_1) -علل الشرائع:1/80 باب 72.

_1) - ‘Ilal al-Sharā’i‘: 1/80, bāb 72.

_2) -عيون أخبار الرّضا(عليه السّلام)1:19/126،التوحيد:1/163.

_2) - ‘Uyūn Akhbār al-Ridā (alayhi al-salām) 1:19/126, al-Tawhīd: 1:163.

_3) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:103.

_3) - Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:103.

_2) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:53/175.

_2) - Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:53/175.

_3) -عيون أخبار الرّضا(عليه السّلام)1:2/215.

_3) - ‘Uyūn Akhbār al-Ridā (alayhi al-salām) 1:2/215.