Al-Isra Ayah 44

الإسراء آيه 44

وَ اقْصِدْ فِي مَشْيِكَ وَ اغْضُضْ مِنْ صَوْتِكَ إِنَّ أَنْكَرَ الْأَصْوٰاتِ لَصَوْتُ الْحَمِيرِ [1]

99-/— English (Qur’an 31:19, M. H. Shakir): And pursue the right course in your going about and lower your voice; surely the most hateful of voices is braying of the asses.

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و قال عليّ بن إبراهيم:قوله: ذٰلِكَ مِمّٰا أَوْحىٰ إِلَيْكَ رَبُّكَ مِنَ الْحِكْمَةِ يعني القرآن و ما فيه من الأنباء [2]،ثمّ قال: وَ لاٰ تَجْعَلْ مَعَ اللّٰهِ إِلٰهاً آخَرَ فَتُلْقىٰ فِي جَهَنَّمَ مَلُوماً مَدْحُوراً فالمخاطبة للنبي و المعنى للناس. قال:و قوله: أَ فَأَصْفٰاكُمْ رَبُّكُمْ بِالْبَنِينَ وَ اتَّخَذَ مِنَ الْمَلاٰئِكَةِ إِنٰاثاً و هو ردّ على قريش فيما قالوا:إن الملائكة هن بنات اللّه.

English: Ali ibn Ibrahim said about His saying: That is of what your Lord has revealed to you of wisdom, meaning the Qur’an and what is in it of reports; then He said: And do not set up with Allah another god, for then you will be cast into hell, blamed, driven away. The address is to the Prophet, but the meaning applies to all people. And His saying: Has then your Lord preferred you for sons, and (for Himself) taken daughters from among the angels? is a refutation of Quraysh for their saying that the angels are the daughters of Allah.

قوله تعالى:

وَ لَقَدْ صَرَّفْنٰا فِي هٰذَا الْقُرْآنِ لِيَذَّكَّرُوا وَ مٰا يَزِيدُهُمْ إِلاّٰ نُفُوراً -إلى قوله تعالى- سُبْحٰانَهُ وَ تَعٰالىٰ عَمّٰا يَقُولُونَ عُلُوًّا كَبِيراً [41-43]

99-/— English (Qur’an 17:41-43, M. H. Shakir):

17:41 And certainly We have explained for men in this Qur’an every kind of similitude, but most men consent to naught but denying.

17:42 Say: If there had been with Him other gods as they say, they would certainly have sought a way to the Lord of the Throne.

17:43 Glory be to Him and exalted be His high exaltation above what they say.

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الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): وَ لَقَدْ صَرَّفْنٰا فِي هٰذَا الْقُرْآنِ لِيَذَّكَّرُوا :«يَعْنِي وَ لَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا عَلِيّاً(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)فِي الْقُرْآنِ وَ هُوَ الذِّكْرُ فَمَا زَادَهُمْ إِلاَّ نُفُوراً».

English: Al-‘Ayyashi, from ‘Ali ibn Abi Hamzah, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), regarding: And certainly We have explained in this Qur’an that they may be mindful: “It means: We have mentioned ‘Ali (peace be upon him) in the Qur’an, and that is the Reminder; yet it increased them only in aversion.”

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قال عليّ بن إبراهيم:قوله: وَ مٰا يَزِيدُهُمْ إِلاّٰ نُفُوراً قال:إذا سمعوا القرآن،ينفرون عنه و يكذبونه، ثم احتج عزّ و جلّ على الكفّار الذين يعبدون الأوثان،فقال: قُلْ لهم يا محمد لَوْ كٰانَ مَعَهُ آلِهَةٌ كَمٰا يَقُولُونَ إِذاً لاَبْتَغَوْا إِلىٰ ذِي الْعَرْشِ سَبِيلاً قال:لو كانت الأصنام آلهة كما يزعمون لصعدوا إلى العرش،ثم قال اللّه لذلك: سُبْحٰانَهُ وَ تَعٰالىٰ عَمّٰا يَقُولُونَ عُلُوًّا كَبِيراً .

English: Ali ibn Ibrahim said about: and it increases them only in aversion: when they hear the Qur’an, they turn away from it and deny it. Then the Mighty and Majestic argued against the unbelievers who worship idols, saying: Say to them, O Muhammad: If there were with Him gods, as they say, then they would certainly have sought a way to the Lord of the Throne—that is, if the idols were gods as they claim, they would have ascended to the Throne. Then Allah said in that regard: Glory be to Him and exalted be He above what they say, a great exaltation.

قوله تعالى:

تُسَبِّحُ لَهُ السَّمٰاوٰاتُ السَّبْعُ وَ الْأَرْضُ وَ مَنْ فِيهِنَّ وَ إِنْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ إِلاّٰ يُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدِهِ وَ لٰكِنْ لاٰ تَفْقَهُونَ تَسْبِيحَهُمْ إِنَّهُ كٰانَ حَلِيماً غَفُوراً [44]

99-/— English (Qur’an 17:44, M. H. Shakir): The seven heavens declare His glory and the earth, and those who are in them; and there is not a single thing but glorifies Him with His praise, but you do not understand their glorification; surely He is Forbearing, Forgiving.

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مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا،عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَسْبَاطٍ،عَنْ دَاوُدَ الرَّقِّيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ إِنْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ إِلاّٰ يُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدِهِ وَ لٰكِنْ لاٰ تَفْقَهُونَ تَسْبِيحَهُمْ .قَالَ:«تَنَقُّضُ الْجُدُرِ تَسْبِيحُهَا».

English: Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub, from a number of our companions, from Sahl ibn Ziyad, from ‘Ali ibn Asbat, from Dawud al-Raqqi, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), said: I asked him about the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: And there is not a single thing but glorifies Him with His praise, but you do not understand their glorification. He said: “The cracking of the walls is their glorification.”

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الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ أَبِي الصَّبَّاحِ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ:قَوْلُ اللَّهِ: وَ إِنْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ إِلاّٰ يُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدِهِ وَ لٰكِنْ لاٰ تَفْقَهُونَ تَسْبِيحَهُمْ ؟قَالَ:«كُلُّ شَيْءٍ يُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدِهِ-وَ قَالَ-إِنَّا لَنَرَى أَنَّ تَنَقُّضَ الْجِدَارِ هُوَ تَسْبِيحُهُ».

English: Al-‘Ayyashi, from Abu al-Sabbah, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), said: I said to him about Allah’s saying: And there is not a single thing but glorifies Him with His praise, but you do not understand their glorification? He said: “Everything glorifies Him with His praise—and we indeed regard the cracking of the wall as its glorification.”

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وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ،عَنْهُ: وَ إِنْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ إِلاّٰ يُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدِهِ وَ لٰكِنْ لاٰ تَفْقَهُونَ تَسْبِيحَهُمْ . قَالَ:«كُلُّ شَيْءٍ يُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدِهِ-وَ قَالَ-إِنَّا لَنَرَى أَنَّ تَنَقُّضَ الْجِدَارِ هُوَ تَسْبِيحُهَا».

English: And in the narration of al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id, from him, regarding: And there is not a single thing but glorifies Him with His praise, but you do not understand their glorification. He said: “Everything glorifies Him with His praise—and we indeed regard the cracking of the wall as its glorification.”

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عَنِ الْحَسَنِ،عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ،عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ،عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: «نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)عَنْ أَنْ تُوسَمَ الْبَهَائِمُ فِي وُجُوهِهَا،وَ أَنْ تُضْرَبَ وُجُوهُهَا،فَإِنَّهَا تُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّهَا».

English: From al-Hasan, from al-Nawfali, from al-Sakuni, from Ja‘far ibn Muhammad, from his father (peace be upon them), who said: “The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) forbade branding animals on their faces and striking their faces, for they glorify the praise of their Lord.”

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عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: «مَا مِنْ طَيْرٍ يُصَادُ فِي بَرٍّ وَ لاَ بَحْرٍ،وَ لاَ شَيْءٍ يُصَادُ مِنَ الْوَحْشِ إِلاَّ بِتَضْيِيعِهِ التَّسْبِيحَ».

English: From Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), who said: “No bird is hunted on land or sea, nor anything from the wild is caught, except due to its neglecting the glorification.”

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عَنْ مَسْعَدَةَ بْنِ صَدَقَةَ،عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ) أَنَّهُ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ لَهُ: فِدَاكَ أَبِي وَ أُمِّي،إِنِّي أَجِدُ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ فِي كِتَابِهِ: وَ إِنْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ إِلاّٰ يُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدِهِ وَ لٰكِنْ لاٰ تَفْقَهُونَ تَسْبِيحَهُمْ ؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ:«هُوَ كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى». قَالَ:أَ تُسَبِّحُ الشَّجَرَةُ الْيَابِسَةُ؟فَقَالَ:«نَعَمْ،أَ مَا سَمِعْتَ خَشَبَ الْبَيْتِ كَيْفَ يَنْقَصِفُ،وَ ذَلِكَ تَسْبِيحُهُ، فَسُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ عَلَى كُلِّ حَالٍ!».

English: From Mas‘adah ibn Sadaqah, from Ja‘far ibn Muhammad, from his father (peace be upon them): A man entered upon him and said: “May my father and mother be your ransom, I find that Allah says in His Book: And there is not a single thing but glorifies Him with His praise, but you do not understand their glorification?” He said: “It is as Allah, Exalted, has said.” He asked: “Does a dry tree glorify?” He said: “Yes. Have you not heard the wood of a house as it cracks? That is its glorification. So glory be to Allah in every state!”

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مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ،عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: «لِلدَّابَّةِ عَلَى صَاحِبِهَا سِتَّةُ حُقُوقٍ:لاَ يُحَمِّلُهَا فَوْقَ طَاقَتِهَا،وَ لاَ يَتَّخِذُ ظَهْرَهَا مَجْلِساً يَتَحَدَّثُ عَلَيْهَا،وَ يَبْدَأُ بِعَلْفِهَا إِذَا نَزَلَ،وَ لاَ يَسِمُهَا فِي وَجْهِهَا،وَ لاَ يَضْرِبُهَا فَإِنَّهَا تُسَبِّحُ،وَ يَعْرِضُ عَلَيْهَا الْمَاءَ إِذَا مَرَّ بِهِ».

English: Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub, from ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim, from his father, from al-Nawfali, from al-Sakuni, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), said: “The beast has six rights over its owner: he must not load it beyond its capacity; he must not take its back as a seat on which he chats; he must begin by feeding it when he dismounts; he must not brand it on its face; and he must not strike it, for it glorifies (Allah); and he must present water to it when he passes by it.”

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وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ يَحْيَى،عَنْ جَدِّهِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ رَاشِدٍ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ:«قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ): لاَ تَضْرِبُوا الدَّوَابَّ عَلَى وُجُوهِهَا فَإِنَّهَا تُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدِ اللَّهِ». قَالَ:وَ فِي حَدِيثٍ آخَرَ:«لاَ تَسِمُوهَا فِي وُجُوهِهَا».

English: And from him: from a number of our companions, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from al-Qasim ibn Yahya, from his grandfather al-Hasan ibn Rashid, from Muhammad ibn Muslim, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), who said: “The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) said: Do not strike beasts on their faces, for they glorify Allah with His praise.” He said: And in another hadith: “Do not brand them on their faces.”

قوله تعالى:

وَ إِذٰا قَرَأْتَ الْقُرْآنَ جَعَلْنٰا بَيْنَكَ وَ بَيْنَ الَّذِينَ لاٰ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْآخِرَةِ حِجٰاباً مَسْتُوراً -إلى قوله تعالى- وَ إِذٰا ذَكَرْتَ رَبَّكَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ وَحْدَهُ وَلَّوْا عَلىٰ أَدْبٰارِهِمْ نُفُوراً [45-46]

99-/— English (Qur’an 17:45-46, M. H. Shakir):

17:45 And when you recite the Qur’an, We place between you and those who do not believe in the hereafter a hidden barrier;

17:46 And We have placed coverings on their hearts and a heaviness in their ears lest they understand it; and when you mention your Lord alone in the Qur’an, they turn their backs in aversion.

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علي بن إبراهيم،قال في قوله تعالى: وَ إِذٰا قَرَأْتَ الْقُرْآنَ جَعَلْنٰا بَيْنَكَ وَ بَيْنَ الَّذِينَ لاٰ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْآخِرَةِ حِجٰاباً مَسْتُوراً يعني يحجب اللّه عنك الشياطين وَ جَعَلْنٰا عَلىٰ قُلُوبِهِمْ أَكِنَّةً أي غشاوة أَنْ يَفْقَهُوهُ وَ فِي آذٰانِهِمْ وَقْراً يعني صمما. قال:قوله: وَ إِذٰا ذَكَرْتَ رَبَّكَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ وَحْدَهُ وَلَّوْا عَلىٰ أَدْبٰارِهِمْ نُفُوراً قال:كان رسول اللّه(صلّى اللّه عليه و آله)إذا تهجد بالقرآن تستمع له قريش لحسن صوته،و كان إذا قرأ بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ فروا عنه.

English: ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim said regarding His saying, And when you recite the Qur’an We place between you and those who do not believe in the Hereafter a hidden barrier: it means Allah screens the devils from you. And We have placed coverings over their hearts—that is, a veil—lest they understand it; and in their ears a heaviness—that is, deafness. He said about: And when you mention your Lord alone in the Qur’an, they turn their backs in aversion: the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family), when he kept night-vigil with the Qur’an, Quraysh would listen to him for the beauty of his voice; but when he recited “In the Name of Allah, the All-Merciful, the Ever-Merciful,” they fled from him.

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الطَّبْرِسِيُّ فِي(الْإِحْتِجَاجِ):عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ): «قَالَ يَهُودِيٌّ لِأَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):إِنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حُجِبَ عَنْ نُمْرُودَ بِحُجُبٍ ثَلاَثٍ،قَالَ عَلِيٌّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):لَقَدْ كَانَ كَذَلِكَ، وَ مُحَمَّدٌ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)حُجِبَ عَمَّنْ أَرَادَ قَتْلَهُ بِحُجُبٍ خَمْسٍ،فَثَلاَثَةٌ بِثَلاَثَةٍ وَ اثْنَانِ فَضْلٌ،قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ هُوَ يَصِفُ أَمْرَ مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ): وَ جَعَلْنٰا مِنْ بَيْنِ أَيْدِيهِمْ سَدًّا فَهَذَا الْحِجَابُ الْأَوَّلُ وَ مِنْ خَلْفِهِمْ سَدًّا فَهَذَا الْحِجَابُ الثَّانِي فَأَغْشَيْنٰاهُمْ فَهُمْ لاٰ يُبْصِرُونَ فَهَذَا الْحِجَابُ الثَّالِثُ؛ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَ إِذٰا قَرَأْتَ الْقُرْآنَ جَعَلْنٰا بَيْنَكَ وَ بَيْنَ الَّذِينَ لاٰ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْآخِرَةِ حِجٰاباً مَسْتُوراً فَهَذَا الْحِجَابُ الرَّابِعُ،ثُمَّ قَالَ: فَهِيَ إِلَى الْأَذْقٰانِ فَهُمْ مُقْمَحُونَ فَهَذِهِ حُجُبٌ خَمْسٌ».

English: Al-Tabrisi in al-Ihtijaj, from Musa ibn Ja‘far (peace be upon them): “A Jew said to the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him): Indeed Abraham was screened from Nimrod by three veils. ‘Ali (peace be upon him) said: That is how it was; and Muhammad (may Allah bless him and his family) was screened from those who intended to kill him by five veils: three corresponding to the three, and two as an extra. Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said describing the affair of Muhammad (may Allah bless him and his family): And We have placed a barrier before them—that is the first veil—and a barrier behind them—that is the second veil—and We have covered them, so they do not see—that is the third veil; then He said: And when you recite the Qur’an, We place between you and those who do not believe in the Hereafter a hidden barrier—that is the fourth veil; then He said: up to the chins, so they are forced up—these are five veils.”

الهوامش (المراجع):

_3) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:20.

Transliteration: Tafsīr al-Qummī 2:20.

_4) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:78/293.

Transliteration: Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:78/293.

_5) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:20.

Transliteration: Tafsīr al-Qummī 2:20.

_6) -الكافي 6:4/531.

Transliteration: al-Kāfī 6:4/531.

_2) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:79/293.

Transliteration: Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:79/293.

_3) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:80/293.

Transliteration: Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:80/293.

_4) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:82/294.

Transliteration: Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:82/294.

_5) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:83/294.

Transliteration: Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:83/294.

_6) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:84/294.

Transliteration: Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:84/294.

_7) -الكافي 6:1/537.

Transliteration: al-Kāfī 6:1/537.

_8) -الكافي 6:4/538.

Transliteration: al-Kāfī 6:4/538.

_1) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:20.

Transliteration: Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:20.

_2) -الإحتجاج 1:213.

Transliteration: al-Iḥtijāj 1:213.

[1] لقمان 31:19.

Transliteration: Luqmān 31:19.

[2] في«ط»:الأخبار.

Transliteration: fī “Ṭ”: al-akhbār.

[1] تنقّض البيت:تشقق و سمع له صوت.«أقرب الموارد-نقض-2:1337».

Transliteration: tanaqquḍ al-bayt: tashshaqaqa wa sumi‘a lahu ṣawt. “Aqrab al-Mawārid – Naqḍ – 2:1337”.

[2] انْقَصَفَ الشيءُ:انكسر،و في المصدر:ينقض.

Transliteration: inqaṣafa al-shay’: inkasara, wa fī al-maṣdar: yanquḍ.

[2] يس 36:9.

Transliteration: Yāsīn 36:9.

[3] يس 36:8.

Transliteration: Yāsīn 36:8.