Al-Isra Ayah 31-32

الإسراء آيه 32-31

99-/6342 _8- ابْنُ شَهْرَ آشُوبٍ:رُوِيَ أَنَّهُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)بَذَلَ جَمِيعَ مَالِهِ حَتَّى قَمِيصَهُ،وَ بَقِيَ فِي دَارِهِ عُرْيَاناً عَلَى حَصِيرِهِ،إِذْ أَتَاهُ بِلاَلٌ وَ قَالَ:يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ،الصَّلاَةُ؛فَنَزَلَ وَ لاٰ تَجْعَلْ يَدَكَ مَغْلُولَةً إِلىٰ عُنُقِكَ وَ لاٰ تَبْسُطْهٰا كُلَّ الْبَسْطِ فَتَقْعُدَ مَلُوماً مَحْسُوراً وَ أَتَاهُ بِحُلَّةٍ فِرْدَوْسِيَّةٍ.

99-/6342 _8- Ibn Shahr Ashub: It is narrated that he (peace be upon him) gave away all his wealth, even his shirt, and he remained in his house naked upon his mat. Then Bilal came to him and said, “O Messenger of Allah, the prayer.” Thereupon was sent down: “And do not make your hand to be shackled to your neck, nor stretch it forth to the utmost stretching, so that you should (afterwards) sit down blamed, stripped of resources,” and a paradisal robe was brought to him.

قوله تعالى:

وَ لاٰ تَقْتُلُوا أَوْلاٰدَكُمْ خَشْيَةَ إِمْلاٰقٍ نَحْنُ نَرْزُقُهُمْ وَ إِيّٰاكُمْ إِنَّ قَتْلَهُمْ كٰانَ خِطْئاً كَبِيراً وَ لاٰ تَقْرَبُوا الزِّنىٰ إِنَّهُ كٰانَ فٰاحِشَةً وَ سٰاءَ سَبِيلاً [31-32]

(Qur’an 17:31-32) And do not kill your children for fear of poverty; We provide for them and for you; surely the killing of them is a great wrong. And go not nigh to fornication; surely it is an indecency and an evil way.

99-/6343 _1-علي بن إبراهيم،قال في قوله تعالى: وَ لاٰ تَقْتُلُوا أَوْلاٰدَكُمْ خَشْيَةَ إِمْلاٰقٍ يعني مخافة الفقر و الجوع،فإن العرب كانوا يقتلون أولادهم لذلك،فقال اللّه عزّ و جلّ: نَحْنُ نَرْزُقُهُمْ وَ إِيّٰاكُمْ إِنَّ قَتْلَهُمْ كٰانَ خِطْأً كَبِيراً .

99-/6343 _1- ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim said regarding His saying, “And do not kill your children for fear of poverty”: it means fear of destitution and hunger, for the Arabs used to kill their children for that. So Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: “We provide for them and for you; surely the killing of them is a great wrong.”

99-/6344 _2- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ،عَنْ أَبِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «لاَ يُمْلِقُ حَاجٌّ أَبَداً»،قَالَ:قُلْتُ:

وَ مَا الْإِمْلاَقُ؟قَالَ:«الْإِفْلاَسُ»ثُمَّ قَالَ:«قَوْلُ اللَّهِ: وَ لاٰ تَقْتُلُوا أَوْلاٰدَكُمْ خَشْيَةَ إِمْلاٰقٍ ».

99-/6344 _2- Al-‘Ayyashi: From Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar, from Abu Ibrahim (peace be upon him), who said: “A pilgrim never becomes impoverished.” I said: What is al-imlaq? He said: “Bankruptcy.” Then he said: “It is the saying of Allah: ‘And do not kill your children for fear of poverty.’”

99-/6345 _3- وَ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: «الْحَاجُّ لاَ يُمْلِقُ أَبَداً»،قَالَ:قُلْتُ:وَ مَا الْإِمْلاَقُ؟قَالَ:«الْإِفْلاَسُ»،ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَ لاٰ تَقْتُلُوا أَوْلاٰدَكُمْ خَشْيَةَ إِمْلاٰقٍ نَحْنُ نَرْزُقُهُمْ وَ إِيّٰاكُمْ .

99-/6345 _3- And from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), who said: “The pilgrim never becomes impoverished.” I said: What is al-imlaq? He said: “Bankruptcy.” Then he said: “‘And do not kill your children for fear of poverty; We provide for them and for you.’”

/6346 _4-علي بن إبراهيم،قال:قوله: وَ لاٰ تَقْرَبُوا الزِّنىٰ إِنَّهُ كٰانَ فٰاحِشَةً وَ سٰاءَ سَبِيلاً إنّه مُحْكَمٌ.

99-/6346 _4- ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim said regarding His saying, “And go not nigh to fornication; surely it is an indecency and an evil way”: it is a definitive (muhkam) ruling.

99-/6347 _5- ثُمَّ قَالَ:وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي الْجَارُودِ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فِي قَوْلِهِ: وَ لاٰ تَقْرَبُوا الزِّنىٰ إِنَّهُ كٰانَ فٰاحِشَةً .

يَقُولُ:«مَعْصِيَةً وَ مَقْتاً،فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَمْقُتُهُ وَ يُبْغِضُهُ،وَ قَوْلُهُ: وَ سٰاءَ سَبِيلاً وَ هُوَ أَشَدُّ النَّاسِ [1] عَذَاباً،وَ الزِّنَا مِنْ أَكْبَرِ الْكَبَائِرِ».

99-/6347 _5- Then he said: And in the narration of Abu al-Jarud, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), regarding His saying, “And go not nigh to fornication; surely it is an indecency”: He says, “It is a sin and an object of loathing, for Allah loathes it and hates it. And His saying, ‘and an evil way’—he is among the most severely punished of people [1], and fornication is among the greatest of the major sins.”

_8) -حلية الأبرار 1:156.

Hilyat al-Abrar 1:156.

_1) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:19.

Tafsir al-Qummi 2:19.

_2) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:62/289.

Tafsir al-Ayyashi 2:62/289.

_3) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:63/289.

Tafsir al-Ayyashi 2:63/289.

_4) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:19.

Tafsir al-Qummi 2:19.

_5) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:19.

Tafsir al-Qummi 2:19.

[1] في المصدر:النار.

[1] fi al-masdar: al-nar.

قوله تعالى:

وَ لاٰ تَقْتُلُوا النَّفْسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللّٰهُ إِلاّٰ بِالْحَقِّ وَ مَنْ قُتِلَ مَظْلُوماً فَقَدْ جَعَلْنٰا لِوَلِيِّهِ سُلْطٰاناً فَلاٰ يُسْرِفْ فِي الْقَتْلِ إِنَّهُ كٰانَ مَنْصُوراً [33]

(Qur’an 17:33) And do not kill any one whom Allah has forbidden, except for a just cause; and whoever is slain unjustly, We have indeed given to his heir authority, so let him not exceed the just limits in slaying; surely he is aided.

99-/6348 _1-علي بن إبراهيم،في قوله: وَ لاٰ تَقْتُلُوا النَّفْسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللّٰهُ إِلاّٰ بِالْحَقِّ وَ مَنْ قُتِلَ مَظْلُوماً فَقَدْ جَعَلْنٰا لِوَلِيِّهِ سُلْطٰاناً أي سلطانا على القاتل، فَلاٰ يُسْرِفْ فِي الْقَتْلِ إِنَّهُ كٰانَ مَنْصُوراً أي ينصر ولد المقتول على القاتل.

99-/6348 _1- ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim, regarding His saying, “And do not kill any one whom Allah has forbidden, except for a just cause; and whoever is slain unjustly, We have indeed given to his heir authority,” said: meaning authority over the killer. “So let him not exceed the just limits in slaying; surely he is aided,” meaning the children of the murdered person are given victory over the killer.

99-/6349 _2- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ،عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ،عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ وَ غَيْرِهِ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: «إِذَا اجْتَمَعَتِ الْعِدَّةُ عَلَى قَتْلِ رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ،حَكَمَ الْوَالِي أَنْ يُقْتَلَ أَيُّهُمْ شَاءُوا،وَ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَقْتُلُوا أَكْثَرَ مِنْ وَاحِدٍ،إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ: وَ مَنْ قُتِلَ مَظْلُوماً فَقَدْ جَعَلْنٰا لِوَلِيِّهِ سُلْطٰاناً فَلاٰ يُسْرِفْ فِي الْقَتْلِ ».

99-/6349 _2- Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub: From ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr, from al-Qasim ibn ‘Urwah, from Abu al-‘Abbas and others, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), who said: “If a number of people collaborate in killing a single man, the authority rules that whichever of them they wish is to be killed; but they are not entitled to kill more than one. Indeed Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says: ‘And whoever is slain unjustly, We have indeed given to his heir authority, so let him not exceed the just limits in slaying.’”

99-/6350 _3- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ،عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ،عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي الْحَسَنِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ فِي كِتَابِهِ: وَ مَنْ قُتِلَ مَظْلُوماً فَقَدْ جَعَلْنٰا لِوَلِيِّهِ سُلْطٰاناً فَلاٰ يُسْرِفْ فِي الْقَتْلِ إِنَّهُ كٰانَ مَنْصُوراً فَمَا هَذَا الْإِسْرَافُ الَّذِي نَهَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَنْهُ؟قَالَ:«نَهَى أَنْ يَقْتُلَ غَيْرَ قَاتِلِهِ،أَوْ يُمَثِّلَ بِالْقَاتِلِ».

قُلْتُ:فَمَا مَعْنَى قَوْلِهِ: إِنَّهُ كٰانَ مَنْصُوراً ؟قَالَ:«وَ أَيُّ نُصْرَةٍ أَعْظَمُ مِنْ أَنْ يُدْفَعَ الْقَاتِلُ إِلَى أَوْلِيَاءِ الْمَقْتُولِ فَيَقْتُلَهُ،وَ لاَ تَبِعَةَ تَلْزَمُهُ مِنْ قَتْلِهِ فِي دِينٍ وَ لاَ دُنْيَا؟».

99-/6350 _3- And from him: From ‘Ali ibn Muhammad, from some of his companions, from Muhammad ibn Sulayman, from Sayf ibn ‘Amirah, from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar, who said: I said to Abu al-Hasan (peace be upon him): Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says in His Book, “And whoever is slain unjustly, We have indeed given to his heir authority, so let him not exceed the just limits in slaying; surely he is aided.” What is this excess that Allah, Mighty and Majestic, forbade? He said: “He forbade him to kill other than his killer, or to mutilate the killer.” I said: Then what is the meaning of His saying, “surely he is aided”? He said: “And what aid is greater than that the killer is handed over to the heirs of the murdered, so they kill him, and no liability attaches to him for that killing in religion or in worldly law?”

99-/6351 _4- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ صَالِحٍ،عَنِ الْحَجَّالِ،عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ مَنْ قُتِلَ مَظْلُوماً فَقَدْ جَعَلْنٰا لِوَلِيِّهِ سُلْطٰاناً فَلاٰ يُسْرِفْ فِي الْقَتْلِ ؟ قَالَ:«نَزَلَتْ فِي الْحَسَنِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،لَوْ قُتِلَ أَهْلُ الْأَرْضِ بِهِ مَا كَانَ سَرَفاً».

99-/6351 _4- And from him: From ‘Ali ibn Muhammad, from Salih, from al-Hajjal, from some of his companions, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him). He said: I asked him about the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: “And whoever is slain unjustly, We have indeed given to his heir authority, so let him not exceed the just limits in slaying.” He said: “It was revealed concerning al-Hasan (peace be upon him). If the people of the earth were killed for him, it would not be excess.”

99-/6352 _5- الشَّيْخُ فِي(التَّهْذِيبِ):بِإِسْنَادِهِ،عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ،عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ،عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ وَ غَيْرِهِ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: «إِذَا اجْتَمَعَ الْعِدَّةُ عَلَى قَتْلِ رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ،حَكَمَ الْوَالِي أَنْ يُقْتَلَ أَيُّهُمْ شَاءُوا،وَ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَقْتُلُوا أَكْثَرَ مِنْ وَاحِدٍ،إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ: وَ مَنْ قُتِلَ مَظْلُوماً فَقَدْ جَعَلْنٰا لِوَلِيِّهِ سُلْطٰاناً فَلاٰ يُسْرِفْ فِي الْقَتْلِ

99-/6352 _5- The Shaykh in al-Tahdhib, with his isnad, from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id, from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr, from al-Qasim ibn ‘Urwah, from Abu al-‘Abbas and others, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), who said: “If a number of people collaborate in killing a single man, the authority rules that whichever of them they wish is to be killed; but they are not entitled to kill more than one. Indeed Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says: ‘And whoever is slain unjustly, We have indeed given to his heir authority, so let him not exceed the just limits in slaying.’”

_1) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:19.

Tafsir al-Qummi 2:19.

_2) -الكافي 7:9/284.

al-Kafi 7:9/284.

_3) -الكافي 7:7/370.

al-Kafi 7:7/370.

_4) -الكافي 8:364/255.

al-Kafi 8:364/255.

_5) -التهذيب 10:858/218.

al-Tahdhib 10:858/218.