Al-Anbiya Ayah 78-79

الأنبياء آيه 79-78

Translation: Al-Anbiya, verses 78–79

أَكْرَمَهُمُ اللَّهُ بِهِ فَقَالَ: فِعْلَ الْخَيْرَاتِ».

Translation: God honored them with it, and said: “doing good deeds.”

قوله تعالى:

وَ لُوطاً آتَيْنٰاهُ حُكْماً وَ عِلْماً وَ نَجَّيْنٰاهُ مِنَ الْقَرْيَةِ الَّتِي كٰانَتْ تَعْمَلُ الْخَبٰائِثَ [74]

Translation (Qur’an 21:74, M. H. Shakir): And (We granted to) Lut wisdom and knowledge, and We delivered him from the town which wrought abominations; surely they were an evil people, transgressors.

7172 _1-علي بن إبراهيم،قال:كانوا ينكحون الرجال.

99-/7172 - Ali ibn Ibrahim said: They used to have intercourse with men.

_1) تفسير القمّيّ 2:73.

_1) Tafsīr al-Qummī 2:73.

تقدمت أخبار قوم لوط في سورة هود،و الحجر [1]،و ستأتي-إن شاء اللّه تعالى-أخبار في ذلك في سورة الصافّات،و غير ذلك [2].

Translation: Reports about the people of Lot have already preceded in Surah Hud and al-Hijr [1], and—God willing—reports on that will come in Surah al-Saffat and elsewhere [2].

[1] تقدم في تفسير الآيات(69-83)من سورة هود،و في تفسير الآيات(48-72)من سورة الحجر.

[2] يأتي في الحديث(1)من تفسير الآيتين(137،138)من سورة الصافّات،و في تفسير الآيات(27-35)من سورة العنكبوت،و في تفسير الآيات(24-47)من سورة الذاريات.

قوله تعالى:

وَ دٰاوُدَ وَ سُلَيْمٰانَ إِذْ يَحْكُمٰانِ فِي الْحَرْثِ إِذْ نَفَشَتْ فِيهِ غَنَمُ الْقَوْمِ وَ كُنّٰا لِحُكْمِهِمْ شٰاهِدِينَ* فَفَهَّمْنٰاهٰا سُلَيْمٰانَ وَ كُلاًّ آتَيْنٰا حُكْماً وَ عِلْماً [78-79]

Translation (Qur’an 21:78–79, M. H. Shakir): And Dawood and Sulaiman when they gave judgment concerning the field when the people's sheep pastured therein by night, and We were bearers of witness to their judgment. So We made Sulaiman to understand it; and to each one We gave wisdom and knowledge; and We made the mountains and the birds to celebrate Our praise with Dawood; and We were the doers.

7173 _2- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ،عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا،عَنِ الْمُعَلَّى أَبِي عُثْمَانَ،عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ دٰاوُدَ وَ سُلَيْمٰانَ إِذْ يَحْكُمٰانِ فِي الْحَرْثِ إِذْ نَفَشَتْ فِيهِ غَنَمُ الْقَوْمِ .

فَقَالَ:«لاَ يَكُونُ النَّفْشُ إِلاَّ بِاللَّيْلِ،إِنَّ عَلَى صَاحِبِ الْحَرْثِ أَنْ يَحْفَظَهُ بِالنَّهَارِ،وَ لَيْسَ عَلَى صَاحِبِ الْمَاشِيَةِ حِفْظُهَا بِالنَّهَارِ،وَ إِنَّمَا رَعْيُهَا بِالنَّهَارِ وَ أَرْزَاقُهَا،فَمَا أَفْسَدَتْ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهَا،وَ عَلَى صَاحِبِ الْمَاشِيَةِ حِفْظُ الْمَاشِيَةِ بِاللَّيْلِ عَنْ حَرْثِ النَّاسِ،فَمَا أَفْسَدَتْ بِاللَّيْلِ فَقَدْ ضَمِنُوا،وَ هُوَ النَّفْشُ،وَ إِنَّ دَاوُدَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)حَكَمَ لِلَّذِي أَصَابَ [3] زَرْعَهُ

99-/7173 - Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub, from a number of our companions, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id, from some of our companions, from al-Mu‘alla Abu ‘Uthman, from Abu Basir, said: I asked Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) about the word of God, Mighty and Majestic: “And David and Solomon when they gave judgment concerning the field, when the sheep of the people pastured therein by night.” He said: “Pasturing by night (nafish) occurs only at night. It is upon the owner of the field to guard it by day, and it is not upon the owner of the livestock to guard them by day—for their grazing and provision is by day—so whatever they damage then, there is nothing against them; but it is upon the owner of the livestock to guard them by night from people’s fields, so whatever they damage at night, they are liable for—that is nafsh. And indeed David (peace be upon him) judged for the one whose crop was affected [3] with the necks of the sheep, while Solomon (peace be upon him) judged (that he be compensated with) the yield and the flock’s produce—that is, the milk and the wool—for that year.”

_2) الكافي 5:2/301.

_2) al-Kāfī 5:2/301.

[3] كذا،و الظاهر:أصيب.

[3] Thus in the text; apparently: uṣība (“was harmed/affected”).

وَ رَوَاهُ الشَّيْخُ فِي(التَّهْذِيبِ)بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ بِبَاقِي السَّنَدِ وَ الْمَتْنِ،إِلاَّ أَنَّ فِيهِ الْمُعَلَّى بْنَ عُثْمَانَ،عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،وَ فِيهِ أَيْضاً:«إِنَّمَا رَعْيُهَا وَ أَرْزَاقُهَا بِالنَّهَارِ،فَمَا أَفْسَدَتْ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهَا وَ لاَ عَلَى صَاحِبِهَا شَيْءٌ».

Translation: And the Shaykh narrated it in al-Tahdhib with his chain from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id with the remainder of the chain and text, except that it has al-Mu‘alla ibn ‘Uthman from Abu Basir; and it also includes: “Their grazing and provision is by day, so whatever they damage then, there is nothing upon them nor upon their owner.”

_2) التهذيب 7:982/224.

_2) al-Tahdhīb 7:982/224.

[1] في التهذيب:عن المعلّى أبي عثمان،و الاختلاف في نسخة المصنّف(رحمه اللّه)

[1] In al-Tahdhib: from al-Mu‘alla Abu ‘Uthman; the discrepancy is in the author’s copy (may God have mercy on him).

7174 _2- وَ عَنْهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ،عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بَحْرٍ،عَنِ ابْنِ مُسْكَانَ،عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ: وَ دٰاوُدَ وَ سُلَيْمٰانَ إِذْ يَحْكُمٰانِ فِي الْحَرْثِ قُلْتُ:حِينَ حَكَمَا فِي الْحَرْثِ كَانَتْ قَضِيَّةً وَاحِدَةً؟ فَقَالَ:«إِنَّهُ كَانَ أَوْحَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَى النَّبِيِّينَ قَبْلَ دَاوُدَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)إِلَى أَنْ بَعَثَ اللَّهُ دَاوُدَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):أَيُّ غَنَمٍ نَفَشَتْ فِي الْحَرْثِ فَلِصَاحِبِ الْحَرْثِ رِقَابُ الْغَنَمِ،وَ لاَ يَكُونُ النَّفْشُ إِلاَّ بِاللَّيْلِ،فَإِنَّ عَلَى صَاحِبِ الزَّرْعِ أَنْ يَحْفَظَهُ بِالنَّهَارِ،وَ عَلَى صَاحِبِ الْغَنَمِ حِفْظُ الْغَنَمِ بِاللَّيْلِ،فَحَكَمَ دَاوُدُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)بِمَا حَكَمَتْ بِهِ الْأَنْبِيَاءُ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)مِنْ قَبْلِهِ.

وَ أَوْحَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَى سُلَيْمَانَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):أَيُّ غَنَمٍ نَفَشَتْ فِي زَرْعٍ فَلَيْسَ لِصَاحِبِ الزَّرْعِ إِلاَّ مَا خَرَجَ مِنْ بُطُونِهَا،وَ كَذَلِكَ جَرَتِ السُّنَّةُ بَعْدَ سُلَيْمَانَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،وَ هُوَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ كُلاًّ آتَيْنٰا حُكْماً وَ عِلْماً فَحَكَمَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا بِحُكْمِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ».

99-/7174 - And from him, with his chain, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa, from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id, from ‘Abdullah ibn Bahr, from Ibn Muskan, from Abu Basir, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), who said: I said to him regarding “And David and Solomon when they gave judgment concerning the field”: When they judged in the matter of the field, was it a single case? He said: “Indeed God, Mighty and Majestic, had revealed to the prophets before David (peace be upon him), until God raised David (peace be upon him): ‘Any sheep that pastures by night in a field—its necks belong to the owner of the field.’ And nafsh is only by night; it is upon the owner of the crop to guard it by day, and upon the owner of the sheep to guard the sheep by night. So David (peace be upon him) judged by what the prophets (peace be upon them) before him had judged. And God, Mighty and Majestic, revealed to Solomon (peace be upon him): ‘Any sheep that pastures by night in a crop—the owner of the crop has only what comes out of their bellies (their produce).’ And thus the practice continued after Solomon (peace be upon him). And that is His saying, Mighty and Majestic: ‘And to each one We gave wisdom and knowledge’—so each of them judged by God’s judgment, Mighty and Majestic.”

7175 _3- أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْبَرْقِيُّ:عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ،عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ دَرَّاجٍ،عَنْ زُرَارَةَ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى: وَ دٰاوُدَ وَ سُلَيْمٰانَ إِذْ يَحْكُمٰانِ فِي الْحَرْثِ ،قَالَ:«لَمْ يَحْكُمَا،إِنَّمَا كَانَا يَتَنَاظَرَانِ: فَفَهَّمْنٰاهٰا سُلَيْمٰانَ ».

99-/7175 - Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid al-Barqi, from some of our companions, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Nasr, from Jamil ibn Darraj, from Zurara, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), regarding the word of God, Blessed and Exalted: “And David and Solomon when they gave judgment concerning the field,” said: “They did not judge; they were only debating. ‘So We made Solomon to understand it.’”

_3) المحاسن:397/277.

_3) al-Maḥāsin: 397/277.

7176 _4- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي،عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَحْيَى،عَنِ ابْنِ مُسْكَانَ،عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «كَانَ فِي بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ رَجُلٌ لَهُ كَرْمٌ،وَ نَفَشَتْ فِيهِ غَنَمٌ لِرَجُلٍ آخَرَ بِاللَّيْلِ،وَ قَضَمَتْهُ وَ أَفْسَدَتْهُ،فَجَاءَ صَاحِبُ الْكَرْمِ إِلَى دَاوُدَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)فَاسْتَعْدَى عَلَى صَاحِبِ الْغَنَمِ،فَقَالَ دَاوُدُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):اِذْهَبَا إِلَى سُلَيْمَانَ لِيَحْكُمَ بَيْنَكُمَا.فَذَهَبَا إِلَيْهِ،فَقَالَ سُلَيْمَانُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):إِنْ كَانَتِ الْغَنَمُ أَكَلَتِ الْأَصْلَ وَ الْفَرْعَ فَعَلَى صَاحِبِ الْغَنَمِ أَنْ يَدْفَعَ إِلَى صَاحِبِ الْكَرْمِ الْغَنَمَ وَ مَا فِي بَطْنِهَا،وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ ذَهَبَتْ بِالْفَرْعِ وَ لَمْ تَذْهَبْ بِالْأَصْلِ فَإِنَّهُ يَدْفَعُ وَلَدَهَا إِلَى صَاحِبِ الْكَرْمِ.

وَ قَدْ كَانَ هَذَا حُكْمَ دَاوُدَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،وَ إِنَّمَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يُعَرِّفَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ أَنَّ سُلَيْمَانَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)وَصِيُّهُ بَعْدَهُ،وَ لَمْ يَخْتَلِفَا فِي الْحُكْمِ،وَ لَوِ اخْتَلَفَ حُكْمُهُمَا لَقَالَ:كُنَّا لِحُكْمِهِمَا شَاهِدِينَ».

99-/7176 - ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim said: My father related to me, from ‘Abdullah ibn Yahya, from Ibn Muskan, from Abu Basir, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), who said: “There was a man among the Children of Israel who had a vineyard, and the sheep of another man pastured in it by night, gnawing and ruining it. The owner of the vineyard came to David (peace be upon him) and sought redress against the owner of the sheep. David (peace be upon him) said: ‘Go to Solomon so that he may judge between you.’ They went to him, and Solomon (peace be upon him) said: ‘If the sheep consumed both the root and the branch, then the owner of the sheep must hand over to the owner of the vineyard the sheep and what is in their bellies; but if they took the branches and did not take the roots, then he hands over their offspring to the owner of the vineyard.’ This was David’s (peace be upon him) ruling; he only wanted to make the Children of Israel know that Solomon (peace be upon him) was his legatee after him. They did not differ in the ruling; for had their rulings differed, He would have said: ‘We were witnesses to their (dual) judgment.’”

_4) تفسير القمّيّ 2:73.

_4) Tafsīr al-Qummī 2:73.

_2) الكافي 5:3/302.

_2) al-Kāfī 5:3/302.

7177 _5- الطَّبْرِسِيُّ ،قِيلَ:كَانَ كَرْماً وَ قَدْ بَدَتْ عَنَاقِيدُهُ،فَحَكَمَ دَاوُدُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)بِالْغَنَمِ لِصَاحِبِ الْكَرْمِ،فَقَالَ سُلَيْمَانُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«غَيِّرْ هَذَا،يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ»قَالَ:«وَ مَا ذَاكَ»،قَالَ:«يُدْفَعُ الْكَرْمُ إِلَى صَاحِبِ الْغَنَمِ فَيَقُومُ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى يَعُودَ كَمَا كَانَ،وَ تُدْفَعُ الْغَنَمُ إِلَى صَاحِبِ الْكَرْمِ فَيُصِيبُ مِنْهَا،حَتَّى إِذَا عَادَ الْكَرْمُ كَمَا كَانَ»ثُمَّ دَفَعَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا إِلَى صَاحِبِهِ مَالَهُ. قَالَ:رُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ،وَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ).

99-/7177 - Al-Tabrisi: It is said it was a vineyard and its clusters had appeared, so David (peace be upon him) ruled that the sheep be given to the owner of the vineyard. Solomon (peace be upon him) said: “Modify this, O Prophet of God.” He said: “And what is that?” He said: “The vineyard is handed over to the owner of the sheep, and he tends it until it returns to how it was; and the sheep are handed over to the owner of the vineyard, and he benefits from them; then, when the vineyard has returned as it was, each of them returns the property to its owner.” He said: This is narrated from Abu Ja‘far and Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon them).

_5) مجمع البيان 7:91.

_5) Majma‘ al-Bayān 7:91.

قوله تعالى:

وَ عَلَّمْنٰاهُ صَنْعَةَ لَبُوسٍ لَكُمْ لِتُحْصِنَكُمْ مِنْ بَأْسِكُمْ [80]

Translation (Qur’an 21:80, M. H. Shakir): And We taught him the making of coats of mail for you, that they might protect you in your wars; will you then be grateful?

7178 _1-علي بن إبراهيم،في قوله تعالى: وَ عَلَّمْنٰاهُ صَنْعَةَ لَبُوسٍ لَكُمْ قال:يعني الدرع لِتُحْصِنَكُمْ مِنْ بَأْسِكُمْ .

99-/7178 - ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim, regarding His saying, “And We taught him the making of coats of mail for you,” said: It means the coat of mail, “that it might protect you in your warfare.”

_1) تفسير القمّيّ 2:74.

_1) Tafsīr al-Qummī 2:74.

7179 _2- الشَّيْخُ فِي(التَّهْذِيبِ):بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ،عَنْ شَرِيفِ بْنِ سَابِقٍ،عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ أَبِي قُرَّةَ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «أَوْحَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَى دَاوُدَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):إِنَّكَ نِعْمَ الْعَبْدُ لَوْلاَ أَنَّكَ تَأْكُلُ مِنْ بَيْتِ الْمَالِ وَ لاَ تَعْمَلُ بِيَدِكَ شَيْئاً-قَالَ-فَبَكَى دَاوُدُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)أَرْبَعِينَ صَبَاحاً،فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَى الْحَدِيدِ أَنْ:لِنْ لِعَبْدِي دَاوُدَ.فَأَلاَنَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى لَهُ الْحَدِيدَ،فَكَانَ يَعْمَلُ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ دِرْعاً،فَيَبِيعُهَا بِأَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ،فَعَمِلَ ثَلاَثَمِائَةٍ وَ سِتِّينَ دِرْعاً،فَبَاعَهَا بِثَلاَثِمِائَةٍ وَ سِتِّينَ أَلْفاً،وَ اسْتَغْنَى عَنْ بَيْتِ الْمَالِ».

99-/7179 - The Shaykh in (al-Tahdhib), with his chain, from Ahmad ibn Abi ‘Abdillah, from Sharif ibn Sabiq, from al-Fadl ibn Abi Qurra, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), said: “God, Mighty and Majestic, revealed to David (peace be upon him): ‘You are an excellent servant, were it not that you eat from the public treasury and do not work with your hand at anything.’ He said: So David (peace be upon him) wept for forty mornings, whereupon God, Mighty and Majestic, revealed to iron: ‘Soften for My servant David.’ God Most High softened the iron for him, and he would make a coat of mail each day and sell it for one thousand dirhams; he made three hundred and sixty coats of mail and sold them for three hundred and sixty thousand, and he sufficed himself without the public treasury.”

_2) التهذيب 6:896/326.

_2) al-Tahdhīb 6:896/326.

قوله تعالى:

وَ لِسُلَيْمٰانَ الرِّيحَ عٰاصِفَةً تَجْرِي بِأَمْرِهِ إِلىٰ الْأَرْضِ الَّتِي بٰارَكْنٰا فِيهٰا [81]

Translation (Qur’an 21:81, M. H. Shakir): And (We made subservient) to Solomon the wind, strongly raging, running by his command to the land which We had blessed; and We are the Knower of all things.

7180 _3-علي بن إبراهيم:في قوله تعالى: وَ لِسُلَيْمٰانَ الرِّيحَ عٰاصِفَةً قال:تجري من كل جانب إِلىٰ الْأَرْضِ الَّتِي بٰارَكْنٰا فِيهٰا قال:إلى بيت المقدس،و الشام.

99-/7180 - ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim, regarding His saying, “And (We made subservient) to Solomon the wind, strongly raging,” said: It ran from every direction to “the land which We had blessed”—that is, to Bayt al-Maqdis and al-Sham.

_3) تفسير القمّيّ 2:74.

_3) Tafsīr al-Qummī 2:74.