S 2 A 83

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مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ: عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ حَمْدَانَ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْيَمَانِيِّ، عَنْ مَنِيعِ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنْ صَبَّاحٍ الْمُزَنِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ، عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: بَلىٰ مَنْ كَسَبَ سَيِّئَةً وَ أَحٰاطَتْ بِهِ خَطِيئَتُهُ قَالَ: «إِذَا جَحَدُوا إِمَامَةَ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فَأُولٰئِكَ أَصْحٰابُ النّٰارِ هُمْ فِيهٰا خٰالِدُونَ».

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Muhammad b. Ya‘qub, from Muhammad b. Yahya, from Hamdan b. Sulayman, from ‘Abd Allah b. Muhammad al-Yamani, from Mani‘ b. al-Hajjaj, from Yunus, from Sabbah al-Muzani, from Abu Hamzah, from one of the Two (peace be upon them) regarding the saying of God, Mighty and Majestic: “Yes! whoever earns evil and his sin encompasses him,” said: “When they deny the imamate of the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him), then those are the inmates of the Fire; they shall abide in it.”

[Qur’an 2:81 — M. H. Shakir: “Yea! whoever earns evil and his sin has encompassed him, these are the inmates of the fire; in it they shall abide.”]

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الشَّيْخُ فِي (أَمَالِيهِ) بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) أَنَّهُ تَلاَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: فَأُولٰئِكَ أَصْحٰابُ النّٰارِ هُمْ فِيهٰا خٰالِدُونَ قِيلَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، مَنْ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ؟ قَالَ: «مَنْ قَاتَلَ عَلِيّاً بَعْدِي، فَأُولَئِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ مَعَ الْكُفَّارِ، فَقَدْ كَفَرُوا بِالْحَقِّ لَمَّا جَاءَهُمْ، أَلاَ وَ إِنَّ عَلِيّاً بَضْعَةٌ مِنِّي، فَمَنْ حَارَبَهُ فَقَدْ حَارَبَنِي وَ أَسْخَطَ رَبِّي». ثُمَّ دَعَا عَلِيّاً فَقَالَ: «يَا عَلِيُّ، حَرْبُكَ حَرْبِي، وَ سِلْمُكَ سِلْمِي، وَ أَنْتَ الْعَلَمُ فِيمَا بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَ أُمَّتِي».

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The Shaykh in his Amali, with his chain from ‘Ali (peace be upon him), from the Prophet (may Allah bless him and his family), that he recited this verse: “then those are the inmates of the Fire; they shall abide in it.” It was said: “O Messenger of Allah, who are the inmates of the Fire?” He said: “Whoever fights ‘Ali after me—those are the inmates of the Fire along with the unbelievers, for they disbelieved in the truth when it came to them. Behold! ‘Ali is a part of me; whoever wages war against him has waged war against me and has angered my Lord.” Then he called ‘Ali and said: “O ‘Ali, your war is my war, your peace is my peace, and you are the standard between me and my community.”

[Qur’an 2:81 — M. H. Shakir: “Yea! whoever earns evil and his sin has encompassed him, these are the inmates of the fire; in it they shall abide.”]

Qur’an 2:83

وَ إِذْ أَخَذْنٰا مِيثٰاقَ بَنِي إِسْرٰائِيلَ لاٰ تَعْبُدُونَ إِلاَّ اللّٰهَ وَ بِالْوٰالِدَيْنِ إِحْسٰاناً وَ ذِي الْقُرْبىٰ وَ الْيَتٰامىٰ وَ الْمَسٰاكِينِ وَ قُولُوا لِلنّٰاسِ حُسْناً وَ أَقِيمُوا الصَّلاٰةَ وَ آتُوا الزَّكٰاةَ ثُمَّ تَوَلَّيْتُمْ إِلاّٰ قَلِيلاً مِنْكُمْ وَ أَنْتُمْ مُعْرِضُونَ[83]

And when We made a covenant with the children of Israel: You shall not serve any but Allah and (you shall do) good to (your) parents, and to the near of kin and to the orphans and the needy, and you shall speak to men good words and keep up prayer and pay the poor-rate. Then you turned back except a few of you, and (now too) you turn aside.

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قَالَ الْإِمَامُ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لِبَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ: وَ اذْكُرُوا إِذْ أَخَذْنٰا مِيثٰاقَ بَنِي إِسْرٰائِيلَ عَهْدَهُمُ الْمُؤَكَّدَ عَلَيْهِمْ [1]: لاٰ تَعْبُدُونَ إِلاَّ اللّٰهَ أَيْ بِأَنْ لاَ تَعْبُدُوا إِلاَّ اللَّهَ، أَيْ لاَ تُشَبِّهُوهُ [2] بِخَلْقِهِ، وَ لاَ تُجَوِّرُوهُ [3] فِي حُكْمِهِ، وَ لاَ تَعْمَلُوا بِمَا يُرَادُ بِهِ وَجْهُهُ تُرِيدُونَ بِهِ وَجْهَ غَيْرِهِ. وَ بِالْوٰالِدَيْنِ إِحْسٰاناً وَ أَخَذْنَا مِيثَاقَهُمْ بِأَنْ يَعْمَلُوا بِوَالِدَيْهِمْ إِحْسَاناً، مُكَافَأَةً عَنْ إِنْعَامِهِمَا عَلَيْهِمْ، وَ إِحْسَانِهِمَا إِلَيْهِمْ، وَ احْتِمَالِ الْمَكْرُوهِ الْغَلِيظِ فِيهِمْ، لِتَرْفِيهِهِمَا وَ تَوْدِيعِهِمَا وَ ذِي الْقُرْبىٰ قَرَابَاتِ الْوَالِدَيْنِ بِأَنْ يُحْسِنُوا إِلَيْهِمْ لِكَرَامَةِ الْوَالِدَيْنِ وَ الْيَتٰامىٰ أَيْ وَ أَنْ يُحْسِنُوا إِلَى الْيَتَامَى الَّذِينَ فَقَدُوا آبَاءَهُمُ الْكَافِلِينَ لَهُمْ أُمُورَهُمْ، السَّائِقِينَ لَهُمْ غِذَاءَهُمْ وَ قُوتَهُمُ، الْمُصْلِحِينَ لَهُمْ مَعَاشَهُمْ. وَ قُولُوا لِلنّٰاسِ الَّذِينَ لاَ مَئُونَةَ لَهُمْ عَلَيْكُمْ حُسْناً عَامِلُوهُمْ بِخُلُقٍ جَمِيلٍ وَ أَقِيمُوا الصَّلاٰةَ الصَّلَوَاتِ الْخَمْسِ، وَ أَقِيمُوا أَيْضاً الصَّلاَةَ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ الطَّيِّبِينَ عِنْدَ أَحْوَالِ غَضَبِكُمْ وَ رِضَاكُمْ، وَ شِدَّتِكُمْ وَ رَخَائِكُمْ، وَ هُمُومِكُمُ الْمُعَلَّقَةِ بِقُلُوبِكُمْ. ثُمَّ تَوَلَّيْتُمْ أَيُّهَا الْيَهُودُ عَنِ الْوَفَاءِ بِمَا قَدْ نُقِلَ إِلَيْكُمْ مِنَ الْعَهْدِ الَّذِي أَدَّاهُ أَسْلاَفُكُمْ إِلَيْكُمْ وَ أَنْتُمْ مُعْرِضُونَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ الْعَهْدِ، تَارِكُونَ لَهُ، غَافِلُونَ عَنْهُ».

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Imam al-‘Askari (peace be upon him) said: “God, Mighty and Majestic, said to the Children of Israel: And remember when We took the covenant of the Children of Israel—their firm pledge upon them [1]: You shall not worship any but Allah, that is, that you worship none but Allah—meaning: do not liken Him [2] to His creation, and do not commit injustice against Him [3] in His judgment, and do not act in what is intended for His Face while you intend thereby the face of other than Him. And show kindness to (your) parents—we took their covenant that they show kindness to their parents, as recompense for their favors upon them, their benevolence to them, and bearing severe unpleasantness on their account to comfort and honor them. And to the near of kin—meaning the relatives of the parents—by that they should show goodness to them out of honoring the parents. And the orphans—that is, that they show goodness to the orphans who have lost their fathers who managed their affairs, who brought them their food and sustenance and set aright their livelihood. And speak good to the people—those upon whom you have no (financial) burden—treat them with fine character. And establish the prayer—the five prayers—and also maintain invoking blessings upon Muhammad and the pure family of Muhammad in your states of anger and pleasure, hardship and ease, and in your concerns that cling to your hearts. Then you turned away, O Jews, from fulfilling what has been conveyed to you of the covenant your forefathers delivered to you, while you are averse to that covenant, abandoning it and heedless of it.”

_2) -الكافي 1:82/355.

al-Kāfī 1:82/355.

_3) -الأمالي 1:374.

al-Amālī 1:374.

_1) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السّلام):174/326.

al-Tafsīr al-mansūb ilā al-Imām al-‘Askarī (alayhi al-salām): 174/326.

[1] في «ط» نسخة بدل: عهد التوكيد.

[2] في المصدر: لا يشبهوه.

[3] في المصدر: و لا يجوروه، و في «ط»: و لا يجوزوه.

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ابْنُ الْفَارِسِيِّ فِي (رَوْضَةِ الْوَاعِظِينَ) قَالَ: قَالَ الصَّادِقُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: وَ بِالْوٰالِدَيْنِ إِحْسٰاناً قَالَ: «الْوَالِدَانِ مُحَمَّدٌ وَ عَلِيٌّ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)».

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Ibn al-Farisi in Rawdat al-Wa‘izin said: Al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) regarding His saying, the Exalted: “and (do) good to (your) parents,” said: “The two parents are Muhammad and ‘Ali (peace be upon them both).”

_2) -روضة الواعظين 1:105.

Rawdat al-Wā‘izīn 1:105.

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مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ: بِسَنَدِهِ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ، عَنْ ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ قُولُوا لِلنّٰاسِ حُسْناً. قَالَ: «قُولُوا لِلنَّاسِ حُسْناً، وَ لاَ تَقُولُوا إِلاَّ خَيْراً حَتَّى تَعْلَمُوا مَا هُوَ».

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Muhammad b. Ya‘qub, with his chain from Ibn Faddal, from Tha‘labah b. Maymun, from Mu‘awiyah b. ‘Ammar, from Abu ‘Abd Allah (peace be upon him), regarding God’s saying: “and speak good to men,” said: “Speak good to people, and do not say anything except good until you know what it is.”

_3) -الكافي 2:10/132.

al-Kāfī 2:10/132.

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وَعَنْهُ: بِسَنَدِهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجْرَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي جَمِيلَةَ الْمُفَضَّلِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: وَ قُولُوا لِلنّٰاسِ حُسْناً. قَالَ: «قُولُوا لِلنَّاسِ أَحْسَنَ مَا تُحِبُّونَ أَنْ يُقَالَ فِيكُمْ».

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And from him, with his chain from Ibn Abi Najran, from Abu Jamilah al-Mufaddal b. Salih, from Jabir b. Yazid, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), regarding God Most High’s saying: “and speak good to men,” said: “Say to people what you love best to be said about you.”

_4) -الكافي 2:1/132.

al-Kāfī 2:1/132.

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وَعَنْهُ: عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى، عَنْ حَرِيزٍ، عَنْ سَدِيرٍ الصَّيْرَفِيِّ، قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): أُطْعِمُ سَائِلاً لاَ أَعْرِفُهُ مُسْلِماً؟ فَقَالَ: «نَعَمْ، أَعْطِ مَنْ لاَ تَعْرِفُهُ بِوَلاَيَةٍ وَ لاَ عَدَاوَةٍ لِلْحَقِّ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ: وَ قُولُوا لِلنّٰاسِ حُسْناً وَ لاَ تُعْطِ مَنْ نَصَبَ لِشَيْءٍ مِنَ الْحَقِّ، أَوْ دَعَا إِلَى شَيْءٍ مِنَ الْبَاطِلِ».

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And from him, from ‘Ali b. Ibrahim, from his father, from Hammad b. ‘Isa, from Hariz, from Sadair the money-changer: I said to Abu ‘Abd Allah (peace be upon him), “Shall I feed a beggar whom I do not know to be a Muslim?” He said: “Yes, give to one you do not know to have loyalty (to us) nor enmity toward the truth, for God, Mighty and Majestic, says: ‘and speak good to men.’ But do not give to one who has set himself against any part of the truth or who has called to any part of falsehood.”

_5) -الكافي 4:1/13.

al-Kāfī 4:1/13.

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وَعَنْهُ: عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ؛ وَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْقَاسَانِيُّ جَمِيعاً، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ دَاوُدَ الْمِنْقَرِيِّ، عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: وَ قُولُوا لِلنّٰاسِ حُسْناً. قَالَ: «نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فِي أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ، ثُمَّ نَسَخَهَا قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: قٰاتِلُوا الَّذِينَ لاٰ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللّٰهِ وَ لاٰ بِالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَ لاٰ يُحَرِّمُونَ مٰا حَرَّمَ اللّٰهُ وَ رَسُولُهُ وَ لاٰ يَدِينُونَ دِينَ الْحَقِّ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتٰابَ حَتّٰى يُعْطُوا الْجِزْيَةَ عَنْ يَدٍ وَ هُمْ صٰاغِرُونَ، فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْهُمْ فِي دَارِ الْإِسْلاَمِ فَلَنْ يُقْبَلَ مِنْهُ إِلاَّ الْجِزْيَةُ أَوِ الْقَتْلُ، وَ مَالُهُمْ فَيْءٌ، وَ ذَرَارِيُّهُمْ سَبْيٌ، وَ إِذَا قَبِلُوا الْجِزْيَةَ عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ حَرُمَ عَلَيْنَا سَبْيُهُمْ، وَ حَرُمَتْ أَمْوَالُهُمْ، وَ حَلَّتْ لَنَا مُنَاكَحَتُهُمْ، وَ مَنْ كَانَ مِنْهُمْ فِي دَارِ الْحَرْبِ حَلَّ لَنَا سَبْيُهُمْ وَ أَمْوَالُهُمْ، وَ لَمْ تَحِلَّ لَنَا مُنَاكَحَتُهُمْ، وَ لَمْ يُقْبَلْ مِنْ أَحَدِهِمْ إِلاَّ الدُّخُولُ فِي الْإِسْلاَمِ، أَوِ الْجِزْيَةُ، أَوِ الْقَتْلُ».

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And from him, from ‘Ali b. Ibrahim, from his father; and ‘Ali b. Muhammad al-Qasani together, from al-Qasim b. Muhammad, from Sulayman b. Dawud al-Minqari, from Hafs b. Ghiyath, from Abu ‘Abd Allah (peace be upon him), regarding His saying, Exalted is He: “and speak good to men.” He said: “This verse was revealed about the People under covenant (ahl al-dhimmah), then it was abrogated by His saying, Mighty and Majestic: ‘Fight those who do not believe in Allah and in the Last Day, and do not forbid what Allah and His Messenger have forbidden, and do not follow the religion of truth, from among those who have been given the Book, until they pay the tax in acknowledgment of superiority and they are in a state of subjection.’ So whoever among them is in the Abode of Islam, nothing will be accepted from him except the jizyah or killing; their property is fay’, and their offspring are captives. If they accept the jizyah upon themselves, it is unlawful for us to enslave them, and their wealth is inviolable, and their women are lawful for us to marry. Whoever among them is in the Abode of War, it is lawful for us to capture them and their wealth, and it is not lawful for us to marry them, and nothing will be accepted from any of them except entering Islam, or the jizyah, or killing.”

[Qur’an 9:29 — M. H. Shakir: “Fight those who do not believe in Allah, nor in the last day, nor do they prohibit what Allah and His Messenger have prohibited, nor follow the religion of truth, out of those who have been given the Book, until they pay the tax in acknowledgment of superiority and they are in a state of subjection.”]

_6) -الكافي 5:2/11.

al-Kāfī 5:2/11.

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ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ: عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ مَاجِيلَوَيْهِ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَمِّي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنِ الْمُفَضَّلِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الْبَاقِرِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ قُولُوا لِلنّٰاسِ حُسْناً. قَالَ: «قُولُوا لِلنَّاسِ أَحْسَنَ مَا تُحِبُّونَ أَنْ يُقَالَ لَكُمْ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يُبْغِضُ اللَّعَّانَ السَّبَّابَ، الطَّعَّانَ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، الْفَاحِشَ الْمُتَفَحِّشَ، السَّائِلَ الْمُلْحِفَ، وَ يُحِبُّ الْحَيِيَّ الْحَلِيمَ، الْعَفِيفَ الْمُتَعَفِّفَ».

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Ibn Babawayh: from Muhammad b. ‘Ali Majilawayh, who said: My uncle Muhammad b. Abi al-Qasim narrated to me, from Ahmad b. Muhammad b. Khalid, from ‘Ali b. al-Hakam, from al-Mufaddal, from Jabir, from Abu Ja‘far al-Baqir (peace be upon him), regarding God’s saying: “and speak good to men.” He said: “Say to people what you love best to be said to you. Indeed, God, Mighty and Majestic, detests the invoker of curses, the abuser, the fault-finder of believers, the obscene and one who affects obscenity, and the importunate beggar; and He loves the modest, the forbearing, the chaste, and one who keeps chaste.”

_7) -الأمالي:4/210.

al-Amālī: 4/210.

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الْعَيَّاشِيُّ: عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، فِي قَوْلِهِ: وَ قُولُوا لِلنّٰاسِ حُسْناً. قَالَ: «قُولُوا لِلنَّاسِ أَحْسَنَ مَا تُحِبُّونَ أَنْ يُقَالَ لَكُمْ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يُبْغِضُ اللَّعَّانَ السَّبَّابَ، الطَّعَّانَ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، الْمُتَفَحِّشَ، السَّائِلَ الْمُلْحِفَ، وَ يُحِبُّ الْحَيِيَّ الْحَلِيمَ، الْعَفِيفَ الْمُتَعَفِّفَ».

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Al-‘Ayyashi: from Jabir, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), regarding His saying: “and speak good to men.” He said: “Say to people what you love best to be said to you. Indeed God detests the invoker of curses, the abuser, the fault-finder of believers, the one who is obscene, the importunate beggar; and He loves the modest, the forbearing, the chaste, and one who keeps chaste.”

_8) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:63/48.

Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:63/48.

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عَنْ حَرِيزٍ، عَنْ بُرَيْدٍ، قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): أُطْعِمُ رَجُلاً سَائِلاً لاَ أَعْرِفُهُ مُسْلِماً؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ، أَطْعِمْهُ مَا لَمْ تَعْرِفْهُ بِوَلاَيَةٍ وَ لاَ بِعَدَاوَةٍ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ: وَ قُولُوا لِلنّٰاسِ حُسْناً وَ لاَ تُطْعِمْ مَنْ نَصَبَ لِشَيْءٍ مِنَ الْحَقِّ، أَوْ دَعَا إِلَى شَيْءٍ مِنَ الْبَاطِلِ».

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From Hariz, from Burayd, who said: I said to Abu ‘Abd Allah (peace be upon him), “Shall I feed a man who begs, whom I do not know to be a Muslim?” He said: “Yes, feed him so long as you do not know him for loyalty (to us) or for enmity. Indeed Allah says: ‘and speak good to men.’ But do not feed one who has set himself against any part of the truth, or who has called to any part of falsehood.”

_9) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:64/48.

Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:64/48.

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عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: «اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَ لاَ تَحْمِلُوا النَّاسَ عَلَى أَكْتَافِكُمْ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ فِي كِتَابِهِ وَ قُولُوا لِلنّٰاسِ حُسْناً -قَالَ-: وَ عُودُوا مَرْضَاهُمْ، وَ اشْهَدُوا جَنَائِزَهُمْ، وَ صَلُّوا مَعَهُمْ فِي مَسَاجِدِهِمْ حَتَّى [يَنْقَطِعَ] النَّفَسُ، وَ حَتَّى تَكُونَ الْمُبَايَنَةُ».

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From ‘Abd Allah b. Sinan, from Abu ‘Abd Allah (peace be upon him), who said: I heard him say: “Fear Allah and do not carry people upon your shoulders (with hostility). Indeed Allah says in His Book: ‘and speak good to men.’” He said: “Visit their sick, attend their funerals, and pray with them in their mosques until life ends, and until (the time) of separation (becomes manifest).”

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عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، قَالَ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ بَعَثَ مُحَمَّداً(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) بِخَمْسَةِ أَسْيَافٍ...؛ فَسَيْفٌ عَلَى أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ، قَالَ اللَّهُ: وَ قُولُوا لِلنّٰاسِ حُسْناً نَزَلَتْ فِي أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ، ثُمَّ نَسَخَتْهَا أُخْرَى، قَوْلُهُ: قٰاتِلُوا الَّذِينَ لاٰ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللّٰهِ» الآيةَ.

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From Hafs b. Ghiyath, from Ja‘far b. Muhammad (peace be upon him), who said: “Indeed, Allah sent Muhammad (may Allah bless him and his family) with five swords… One sword is against the People under covenant. Allah said: ‘and speak good to men’—it was revealed about the People under covenant; then another abrogated it—His saying: ‘Fight those who do not believe in Allah…’” (the verse).

_10) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:65/48.

Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:65/48.

_11) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:66/48.

Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:66/48.

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وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «أَمَّا قَوْلُهُ: لاٰ تَعْبُدُونَ إِلاَّ اللّٰهَ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) قَالَ: مَنْ شَغَلَتْهُ عِبَادَةُ اللَّهِ عَنْ مَسْأَلَتِهِ، أَعْطَاهُ اللَّهُ أَفْضَلَ مَا يُعْطِي السَّائِلِينَ. وَ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مِنْ فَوْقِ عَرْشِهِ: يَا عِبَادِي، اعْبُدُونِي فِيمَا أَمَرْتُكُمْ بِهِ وَ لاَ تُعَلِّمُونِي مَا يُصْلِحُكُمْ، فَإِنِّي أَعْلَمُ بِهِ، وَ لاَ أَبْخَلُ عَلَيْكُمْ بِصَلاَحِكُمْ».

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Imam al-‘Askari (peace be upon him) said: “As for His saying: ‘You shall not worship any but Allah’—the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) said: Whoever is preoccupied by worship of Allah from asking Him, Allah will give him the best of what He gives to those who ask. And ‘Ali (peace be upon him) said: Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said from above His Throne: O My servants, worship Me in what I have commanded you, and do not teach Me what sets you aright, for I know it better, and I am not stingy toward you with your welfare.”

_12) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السّلام):175/327 و 176.

al-Tafsīr al-mansūb ilā al-Imām al-‘Askarī (alayhi al-salām): 175/327 & 176.

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وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «وَقَدْ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ بِالْوٰالِدَيْنِ إِحْسٰاناً قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ): أَفْضَلُ وَالِدَيْكُمْ وَ أَحَقُّهُمَا لِشُكْرِكُمْ مُحَمَّدٌ وَ عَلِيٌّ. وَ قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) يَقُولُ: أَنَا وَ عَلِيٌّ أَبَوَا هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ، وَ لَحَقُّنَا عَلَيْهِمْ أَعْظَمُ مِنْ حَقِّ وَالِدَيْهِمْ، فَإِنَّا نُنْقِذُهُمْ—إِنْ أَطَاعُونَا—مِنَ النَّارِ إِلَى دَارِ الْقَرَارِ، وَ لَنُلْحِقُهُمْ مِنَ الْعُبُودِيَّةِ بِخِيَارِ الْأَحْرَارِ. وَ أَمَّا قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ ذِي الْقُرْبىٰ فَهُمْ مِنْ قَرَابَاتِكَ مِنْ أَبِيكَ وَ أُمِّكَ، قِيلَ لَكَ: اعْرِفْ حَقَّهُمْ كَمَا أُخِذَ بِهِ الْعَهْدُ عَلَى بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ، وَ أُخِذَ عَلَيْكُمْ—مَعَاشِرَ أُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)—بِمَعْرِفَةِ حَقِّ قَرَابَاتِ مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) الَّذِينَ هُمُ الْأَئِمَّةُ بَعْدَهُ، وَ مَنْ يَلِيهِمْ بَعْدُ مِنْ خِيَارِ أَهْلِ دِينِهِمْ». قَالَ الْإِمَامُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ): مَنْ رَعَى حَقَّ قَرَابَاتِ وَالِدَيْهِ أُعْطِيَ فِي الْجَنَّةِ أَلْفَ دَرَجَةٍ، بُعْدُ مَا بَيْنَ الدَّرَجَتَيْنِ حُضْرُ الْفَرَسِ الْجَوَادِ الْمُضَمَّرِ مِائَةَ سَنَةٍ؛ إِحْدَى الدَّرَجَاتِ مِنْ فِضَّةٍ، وَ الْأُخْرَى مِنْ ذَهَبٍ، وَ الْأُخْرَى مِنْ لُؤْلُؤٍ، وَ الْأُخْرَى مِنْ زُمُرُّدٍ، وَ أُخْرَى مِنْ زَبَرْجَدٍ، وَ أُخْرَى مِنْ مِسْكٍ، وَ أُخْرَى مِنْ عَنْبَرٍ، وَ أُخْرَى مِنْ كَافُورٍ، وَ تِلْكَ الدَّرَجَاتُ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَصْنَافِ. وَ مَنْ رَعَى حَقَّ قُرْبَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيٍّ، أُعْطِيَ مِنْ فَضَائِلِ الدَّرَجَاتِ وَ زِيَادَةِ الْمَثُوبَاتِ عَلَى قَدْرِ زِيَادَةِ فَضْلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيٍّ عَلَى أَبَوَيْ نَسَبِهِ».

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Imam al-‘Askari (peace be upon him) said: “And Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: ‘and (do) good to (your) parents.’ The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) said: The best of your parents and most deserving of your gratitude are Muhammad and ‘Ali. And ‘Ali b. Abi Talib (peace be upon him) said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) say: I and ‘Ali are the two fathers of this community, and our right over them is greater than the right of their (biological) parents; for we rescue them—if they obey us—from the Fire to the Abode of Permanence, and we raise them from servitude to (the rank of) the best of the free. As for His saying, Mighty and Majestic: ‘and to the near of kin,’ they are your kin from your father and mother; it is said to you: Acknowledge their right just as the covenant was taken upon the Children of Israel, and it has been taken upon you—O community of Muhammad (may Allah bless him and his family)—to acknowledge the right of Muhammad’s kin, who are the Imams after him, and those who follow them thereafter from the best of the people of their religion.” The Imam (peace be upon him) said: “The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) said: Whoever upholds the right of his parents’ kin will be given in Paradise a thousand degrees—the distance between each two degrees is the gallop of a fine, well-trained steed for a hundred years: one degree of silver, another of gold, another of pearl, another of emerald, another of chrysolite, another of musk, another of ambergris, and another of camphor, and such are the degrees of these kinds. And whoever upholds the right of the kin of Muhammad and ‘Ali will be granted superior degrees and extra rewards in proportion to the superiority of Muhammad and ‘Ali over his two parents of lineage.”

_13) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السّلام):189/330 و 190 و:201/333 و 202.

al-Tafsīr al-mansūb ilā al-Imām al-‘Askarī (alayhi al-salām): 189/330 & 190 & 201/333 & 202.

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وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «وَ أَمَّا قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ الْيَتٰامىٰ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) قَالَ: حَثَّ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَى بِرِّ الْيَتَامَى لاِنْقِطَاعِهِمْ عَنْ آبَائِهِمْ، فَمَنْ صَانَهُمْ صَانَهُ اللَّهُ، وَ مَنْ أَكْرَمَهُمْ أَكْرَمَهُ اللَّهُ، وَ مَنْ مَسَحَ يَدَهُ بِرَأْسِ يَتِيمٍ رِفْقاً بِهِ، جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لَهُ فِي الْجَنَّةِ بِكُلِّ شَعْرَةٍ مَرَّتْ تَحْتَ يَدِهِ قَصْراً أَوْسَعَ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا بِمَا فِيهَا، وَ فِيهَا مَا تَشْتَهِي الْأَنْفُسُ وَ تَلَذُّ الْأَعْيُنُ، وَ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ».

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The Imam (peace be upon him) said: “As for God’s saying: ‘and the orphans’—the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) said: Allah, Mighty and Majestic, urged kindness to orphans due to their separation from their fathers. Whoever protects them, Allah will protect him; whoever honors them, Allah will honor him; and whoever gently runs his hand over the head of an orphan out of compassion for him, Allah will make for him in Paradise, for every hair that passes under his hand, a palace more spacious than the world and all that is in it—therein is what souls desire and eyes delight in, and they shall abide therein.”

_14) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السّلام):213/338.

al-Tafsīr al-mansūb ilā al-Imām al-‘Askarī (alayhi al-salām): 213/338.

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وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «وَ أَشَدُّ مِنْ يُتْمِ هَذَا الْيَتِيمِ، يَتِيمٌ يَنْقَطِعُ عَنْ إِمَامِهِ لاَ يَقْدِرُ عَلَى الْوُصُولِ إِلَيْهِ، وَ لاَ يَدْرِي كَيْفَ حُكْمُهُ فِيمَا يَبْتَلِي بِهِ مِنْ شَرَائِعِ دِينِهِ، أَلاَ فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْ شِيعَتِنَا عَالِماً بِعُلُومِنَا، وَ هَذَا الْجَاهِلُ بِشَرِيعَتِنَا، الْمُنْقَطِعُ عَنْ مُشَاهَدَتِنَا يَتِيمٌ فِي حَجْرِهِ، أَلاَ فَمَنْ هَدَاهُ وَ أَرْشَدَهُ وَ عَلَّمَهُ شَرِيعَتَنَا كَانَ مَعَنَا فِي الرَّفِيقِ الْأَعْلَى؛ حَدَّثَنِي بِذَلِكَ أَبِي، عَنْ آبَائِهِ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)».

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The Imam (peace be upon him) said: “More severe than the orphanhood of this orphan is an orphan cut off from his Imam, unable to reach him, not knowing his ruling in what he is tested with from the laws of his religion. Behold! Whoever among our Shia is knowledgeable of our sciences, and this ignorant one of our law who is cut off from seeing us is an orphan in his care. Behold! Whoever guides him, directs him, and teaches him our law will be with us in the highest company.” My father narrated that to me, from his forefathers, from the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family).

_15) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السّلام):214/339.

al-Tafsīr al-mansūb ilā al-Imām al-‘Askarī (alayhi al-salām): 214/339.

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وَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «مَنْ كَانَ مِنْ شِيعَتِنَا عَالِماً بِشَرِيعَتِنَا، فَأَخْرَجَ ضُعَفَاءَ شِيعَتِنَا مِنْ ظُلْمَةِ جَهْلِهِمْ إِلَى نُورِ الْعِلْمِ الَّذِي حَبَوْنَاهُ، جَاءَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ تَاجٌ مِنْ نُورٍ يُضِيءُ لِأَهْلِ جَمِيعِ تِلْكَ الْعَرَصَاتِ، وَ حُلَّةٌ لاَ يَقُومُ لِأَقَلِّ سِلْكٍ مِنْهَا، الدُّنْيَا بِحَذَافِيرِهَا. ثُمَّ يُنَادِي مُنَادٍ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ: يَا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ، هَذَا عَالِمٌ مِنْ بَعْضِ تَلاَمِذَةِ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَلاَ فَمَنْ أَخْرَجَهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا مِنْ حَيْرَةِ جَهْلِهِ فَلْيَتَشَبَّثْ بِنُورِهِ، لِيُخْرِجَهُ مِنْ حَيْرَةِ ظُلْمَةِ هَذِهِ الْعَرَصَاتِ إِلَى نُزْهَةِ الْجِنَانِ؛ فَيُخْرِجُ كُلَّ مَنْ كَانَ عَلَّمَهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا خَيْراً، أَوْ فَتَحَ عَنْ قَلْبِهِ مِنَ الْجَهْلِ قُفْلاً، أَوْ أَوْضَحَ لَهُ عَنْ شُبْهَةٍ».

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And ‘Ali b. Abi Talib (peace be upon him) said: “Whoever among our Shia is learned in our law and brings out the weak ones of our Shia from the darkness of their ignorance to the light of knowledge which We have bestowed, will come on the Day of Resurrection with a crown of light upon his head illuminating all those plains, and a robe such that the entire world in its entirety is not equal to a single thread of it. Then a caller from Allah will call: O servants of Allah, this is a scholar from among the disciples of the family of Muhammad. Let whoever brought him out in the world from the bewilderment of his ignorance cling to his light so that he may bring him out from the bewilderment of the darkness of these plains to the delight of the gardens. He will then bring out everyone whom he taught good in the world, or for whom he opened a lock of ignorance from his heart, or to whom he clarified a doubt.”

_16) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السّلام):215/339.

al-Tafsīr al-mansūb ilā al-Imām al-‘Askarī (alayhi al-salām): 215/339.

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وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «وَ أَمَّا قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ الْمَسٰاكِينِ فَهُوَ مَنْ سَكَّنَ الضُّرُّ وَ الْفَقْرُ حَرَكَتَهُ؛ أَلاَ فَمَنْ وَاسَاهُمْ بِحَوَاشِي مَالِهِ، وَسَّعَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ جِنَانَهُ، وَ أَنَالَهُ غُفْرَانَهُ وَ رِضْوَانَهُ». وَ قَالَ الْإِمَامُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «وَ إِنَّ مِنْ مُحِبِّي مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) وَ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) مَسَاكِينَ، مُوَاسَاتُهُمْ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ مُوَاسَاةِ مَسَاكِينِ الْفُقَرَاءِ، وَ هُمُ الَّذِينَ سَكَنَتْ جَوَارِحُهُمْ، وَ ضَعُفَتْ قُوَاهُمْ عَنْ مُقَاتَلَةِ أَعْدَاءِ اللَّهِ الَّذِينَ يُعَيِّرُونَهُمْ بِدِينِهِمْ، وَ يُسَفِّهُونَ أَحْلاَمَهُمْ. أَلاَ فَمَنْ قَوَّاهُمْ بِفِقْهِهِ، وَ عَلَّمَهُمْ حَتَّى أَزَالَ مَسْكَنَتَهُمْ، ثُمَّ سَلَّطَهُمْ عَلَى الْأَعْدَاءِ الظَّاهِرِينَ مِنَ النَّوَاصِبِ، وَ عَلَى الْأَعْدَاءِ الْبَاطِنِينَ، إِبْلِيسَ وَ مَرَدَتِهِ، حَتَّى يَهْزِمُوهُمْ عَنْ دِينِ اللَّهِ، وَ يَذُودُوهُمْ عَنْ أَوْلِيَاءِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)، حَوَّلَ اللَّهُ تِلْكَ الْمَسْكَنَةَ إِلَى شَيَاطِينِهِمْ، فَأَعْجَزَهُمْ عَنْ إِضْلاَلِهِمْ، قَضَى اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِذَلِكَ قَضَاءً حَقّاً عَلَى لِسَانِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ). وَ قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): مَنْ قَوَّى مِسْكِيناً فِي دِينِهِ، ضَعِيفاً فِي مَعْرِفَتِهِ، عَلَى نَاصِبٍ مُخَالِفٍ، فَأَفْحَمَهُ لَقَّنَهُ اللَّهُ يَوْمَ يُدْلَى فِي قَبْرِهِ أَنْ يَقُولَ: اَللَّهُ رَبِّي، وَ مُحَمَّدٌ نَبِيِّي، وَ عَلِيٌّ وَلِيِّي، وَ الْكَعْبَةُ قِبْلَتِي، وَ الْقُرْآنُ بَهْجَتِي وَ عُدَّتِي، وَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ إِخْوَانِي؛ فَيَقُولُ اللَّهُ: أَدْلَيْتَ بِالْحُجَّةِ، فَوَجَبَتْ لَكَ أَعَالِي دَرَجَاتِ الْجَنَّةِ؛ فَعِنْدَ ذَلِكَ يَتَحَوَّلُ عَلَيْهِ قَبْرُهُ أَنْزَهَ رِيَاضِ الْجَنَّةِ».

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Imam al-‘Askari (peace be upon him) said: “As for His saying, Mighty and Majestic: ‘and the needy’—it is the one whose movement has been stilled by harm and poverty. Behold! Whoever shares with them from the edges of his wealth, Allah will expand for him His gardens and grant him His forgiveness and pleasure.” The Imam (peace be upon him) also said: “Among the lovers of Muhammad (may Allah bless him and his family) and ‘Ali (peace be upon him) are needy ones; aiding them is better than aiding the poor who are (merely) destitute. They are those whose limbs have become still and whose strength has weakened from combating Allah’s enemies who taunt them for their religion and deride their reason. Behold! Whoever strengthens them with his understanding and teaches them until he removes their destitution, then empowers them against the manifest enemies among the Nasibis and the hidden enemies—Iblis and his rebels—until they rout them from Allah’s religion and drive them away from the friends of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family), Allah will transfer that destitution to their devils, incapacitating them from misleading them. Allah Most High decreed that truly upon the tongue of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family). And ‘Ali b. Abi Talib (peace be upon him) said: Whoever strengthens a destitute person in his religion, weak in his knowledge, against a hostile Nasibi and silences him, Allah will teach him, on the day he is lowered into his grave, to say: Allah is my Lord, Muhammad is my Prophet, ‘Ali is my guardian, the Ka‘bah is my qiblah, the Qur’an is my joy and my provision, and the believers are my brothers. Allah will say: You have presented the proof; the highest degrees of Paradise are therefore due to you. Thereupon his grave will be transformed for him into the most delightful of the gardens of Paradise.”

_17) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السّلام):226/345-228.

al-Tafsīr al-mansūb ilā al-Imām al-‘Askarī (alayhi al-salām): 226/345–228.

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وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ قُولُوا لِلنّٰاسِ حُسْناً قَالَ الصَّادِقُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): وَ قُولُوا لِلنّٰاسِ كُلِّهِمْ حُسْناً مُؤْمِنِهِمْ وَ مُخَالِفِهِمْ: أَمَّا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ فَيَبْسُطُ لَهُمْ وَجْهَهُ، وَ أَمَّا الْمُخَالِفُونَ فَيُكَلِّمُهُمْ بِالْمُدَارَاةِ لاِجْتِذَابِهِمْ إِلَى الْإِيمَانِ، فَإِنْ يَيْأَسْ مِنْ ذَلِكَ يَكُفَّ شُرُورَهُمْ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ، وَ عَنْ إِخْوَانِهِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ».

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The Imam (peace be upon him) said: “His saying, Mighty and Majestic: ‘and speak good to men’—Al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: Speak good to all people, both their believers and their opponents. As for the believers, he should show them a welcoming face; and as for the opponents, he should speak to them with tact to attract them to faith. If he despairs of that, then he should at least ward off their harm from himself and from his believing brothers.”

_18) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السّلام):240/353.

al-Tafsīr al-mansūb ilā al-Imām al-‘Askarī (alayhi al-salām): 240/353.

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قَالَ الْإِمَامُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «وَ أَمَّا قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ أَقِيمُوا الصَّلاٰةَ فَهُوَ أَقِيمُوا الصَّلاَةَ بِتَمَامِ رُكُوعِهَا وَ سُجُودِهَا وَ مَوَاقِيتِهَا، وَ أَدَاءِ حُقُوقِهَا الَّتِي إِذَا لَمْ تُؤَدِّ لَمْ يَتَقَبَّلْهَا رَبُّ الْخَلاَئِقِ، أَتَدْرُونَ مَا تِلْكَ الْحُقُوقُ؟ فَهِيَ إِتْبَاعُهَا بِالصَّلاَةِ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيٍّ وَ آلِهِمَا(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)، مُنْطَوِياً عَلَى الاعْتِقَادِ بِأَنَّهُمْ أَفْضَلُ خِيَرَةِ اللَّهِ، وَ الْقُوَّامُ بِحُقُوقِ اللَّهِ، وَ النُّصَّارُ لِدِينِ اللَّهِ».

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The Imam (peace be upon him) said: “As for His saying, Mighty and Majestic: ‘and establish the prayer’—it means establish the prayer with complete bowing, prostration, and its appointed times, and by fulfilling its rights, which if not fulfilled the Lord of creatures does not accept it. Do you know what those rights are? They are to follow it with invoking blessings upon Muhammad and ‘Ali and their family (peace be upon them), coupled with the belief that they are the choicest of Allah’s elect, those who stand for Allah’s rights, and the helpers of Allah’s religion.”

_19) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السّلام):253/364.

al-Tafsīr al-mansūb ilā al-Imām al-‘Askarī (alayhi al-salām): 253/364.

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قَالَ الْإِمَامُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «وَ آتُوا الزَّكٰاةَ مِنَ الْمَالِ وَ الْجَاهِ وَ قُوَّةِ الْبَدَنِ: فَمِنَ الْمَالِ مُوَاسَاةُ إِخْوَانِكَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَ مِنَ الْجَاهِ إِيصَالُهُمْ إِلَى مَا يَتَقَاعَسُونَ عَنْهُ لِضَعْفِهِمْ عَنْ حَوَائِجِهِمُ الْمُتَرَدِّدَةِ فِي صُدُورِهِمْ، وَ بِالْقُوَّةِ مَعُونَةُ أَخٍ لَكَ قَدْ سَقَطَ حِمَارُهُ أَوْ جَمَلُهُ فِي صَحْرَاءَ أَوْ طَرِيقٍ، وَ هُوَ يَسْتَغِيثُ فَلاَ يُغَاثُ، تُعِينُهُ حَتَّى يَحْمِلَ عَلَيْهِ مَتَاعَهُ، وَ تُرْكِبُهُ وَ تُنْهِضُهُ حَتَّى يَلْحَقَ الْقَافِلَةَ، وَ أَنْتَ فِي ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ مُعْتَقِدٌ لِمُوَالاَةِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ الطَّيِّبِينَ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يُزَكِّي أَعْمَالَكَ وَ يُضَاعِفُهَا بِمُوَالاَتِكَ لَهُمْ، وَ بَرَاءَتِكَ مِنْ أَعْدَائِهِمْ».

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The Imam (peace be upon him) said: “‘And give the zakat’—from wealth, social standing, and bodily strength. From wealth: supporting your believing brothers; from social standing: getting them access to what they fall short of due to their weakness, concerning their needs that revolve in their breasts; and with strength: helping a brother of yours whose donkey or camel has fallen in a desert or road and he cries for help but is not helped—so you assist him until he loads his goods upon it, mount him and help him rise until he rejoins the caravan—while in all of that you are believing in loyalty to Muhammad and his pure family. For Allah purifies your deeds and multiplies them by your loyalty to them and your disavowal of their enemies.”

_20) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السّلام):254/364.

al-Tafsīr al-mansūb ilā al-Imām al-‘Askarī (alayhi al-salām): 254/364.

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قَالَ الْإِمَامُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: ثُمَّ تَوَلَّيْتُمْ إِلاّٰ قَلِيلاً مِنْكُمْ يَا مَعْشَرَ الْيَهُودِ، الْمَأْخُوذَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْعُهُودِ، كَمَا أُخِذَ عَلَى أَسْلاَفِكُمْ وَ أَنْتُمْ مُعْرِضُونَ عَنْ أَمْرِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ الَّذِي فَرَضَهُ». قال مؤلف الكتاب: الحديث اختصرناه من كلام الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السلام) في (تفسيره) و هو حديث حسن، فلتقف عليه من هناك.

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The Imam (peace be upon him) said: “Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: ‘Then you turned back, except a few of you, O assembly of the Jews, from these covenants taken upon you just as they were taken upon your forefathers, while you turn away from the command of Allah, Mighty and Majestic, which He has made obligatory.’” The author of the book said: We have abridged this tradition from the words of Imam al-‘Askari (peace be upon him) in his Tafsir; it is a good tradition, so consult it there.

Qur’an 2:84–86

وَ إِذْ أَخَذْنٰا مِيثٰاقَكُمْ لاٰ تَسْفِكُونَ دِمٰاءَكُمْ وَ لاٰ تُخْرِجُونَ أَنْفُسَكُمْ مِنْ دِيٰارِكُمْ ثُمَّ أَقْرَرْتُمْ وَ أَنْتُمْ تَشْهَدُونَ[84] ثُمَّ أَنْتُمْ هٰؤُلاٰءِ تَقْتُلُونَ أَنْفُسَكُمْ وَ تُخْرِجُونَ فَرِيقاً مِنْكُمْ مِنْ دِيٰارِهِمْ تَظٰاهَرُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ بِالْإِثْمِ وَ الْعُدْوٰانِ وَ إِنْ يَأْتُوكُمْ أُسٰارىٰ تُفٰادُوهُمْ وَ هُوَ مُحَرَّمٌ عَلَيْكُمْ إِخْرٰاجُهُمْ أَ فَتُؤْمِنُونَ بِبَعْضِ الْكِتٰابِ وَ تَكْفُرُونَ بِبَعْضٍ فَمٰا جَزٰاءُ مَنْ يَفْعَلُ ذٰلِكَ مِنْكُمْ إِلاّٰ خِزْيٌ فِي الْحَيٰاةِ الدُّنْيٰا وَ يَوْمَ الْقِيٰامَةِ يُرَدُّونَ إِلىٰ أَشَدِّ الْعَذٰابِ وَ مَا اللّٰهُ بِغٰافِلٍ عَمّٰا تَعْمَلُونَ[85] أُولٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ اشْتَرَوُا الْحَيٰاةَ الدُّنْيٰا بِالْآخِرَةِ فَلاٰ يُخَفَّفُ عَنْهُمُ الْعَذٰابُ وَ لاٰ هُمْ يُنْصَرُونَ[86]

Translation (M. H. Shakir): And when We made a covenant with you: you shall not shed your blood and you shall not turn your people out of your cities; then you gave a promise while you witnessed. Then you are those (same ones) who slay your people and turn a party of your own out of their homes, backing each other up against them unlawfully and exceeding the limits; and if they should come to you, as captives you would ransom them—while their very turning out was unlawful for you. Do you then believe in a part of the Book and disbelieve in the other? What then is the retribution of those among you who do this but disgrace in the life of this world, and on the day of resurrection they shall be sent back to the most grievous chastisement, and Allah is not at all heedless of what you do. These are they who buy the life of this world for the hereafter, so the chastisement shall not be lightened for them, nor shall they be helped.

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قَالَ الْإِمَامُ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «وَ إِذْ أَخَذْنٰا مِيثٰاقَكُمْ وَ اذْكُرُوا-يَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ- حِينَ أَخَذْنَا مِيثَاقَكُمْ عَلَى أَسْلاَفِكُمْ، وَ عَلَى كُلِّ مَنْ يَصِلُ إِلَيْهِ الْخَبَرُ بِذَلِكَ مِنْ أَخْلاَفِهِمُ الَّذِينَ أَنْتُمْ مِنْهُمْ لاٰ تَسْفِكُونَ دِمٰاءَكُمْ لاَ يَسْفِكُ بَعْضُكُمْ دِمَاءَ بَعْضٍ وَ لاٰ تُخْرِجُونَ أَنْفُسَكُمْ مِنْ دِيٰارِكُمْ وَ لاَ يُخْرِجُ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضاً مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ».

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Imam al-‘Askari (peace be upon him) said: “‘And when We made a covenant with you’—and remember, O Children of Israel, when We took your covenant upon your forefathers, and upon everyone among their descendants to whom news of that reaches—including you—that you shall not shed your own blood—i.e., none of you shall shed the blood of another—nor shall you expel yourselves from your homes—i.e., none of you shall expel another from his homes.”

_21) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السّلام):255/365.

al-Tafsīr al-mansūb ilā al-Imām al-‘Askarī (alayhi al-salām): 255/365.