Al-Kahf Ayah 50
/6695 _4-
وَ عُرِضُوا عَلىٰ رَبِّكَ صَفًّا إلى قوله: مَوْعِداً فهو مُحْكَم. و سيأتي-إن شاء اللّه تعالى-حديث المحشر،في قوله تعالى: وَ أَشْرَقَتِ الْأَرْضُ بِنُورِ رَبِّهٰا وَ وُضِعَ الْكِتٰابُ من آخر سورة الزمر
Translation:
“And they shall be brought before your Lord in ranks … up to His saying: an appointment” is muhkam (decisive). And, God willing, the report about the Gathering will come under His saying: “And the earth shall beam with the light of its Lord, and the Book shall be laid open,” at the end of Surah al-Zumar.
/6696 _5-
و قال في قوله تعالى: وَ وُضِعَ الْكِتٰابُ فَتَرَى الْمُجْرِمِينَ مُشْفِقِينَ مِمّٰا فِيهِ -إلى قوله تعالى:- وَ لاٰ يَظْلِمُ رَبُّكَ أَحَداً قال:يجدون كل ما عملوا مكتوبا.
Translation:
And he said regarding His saying, “And the Book shall be laid open, then you will see the guilty fearing on account of what is in it … up to His saying: ‘and your Lord does not wrong anyone,’” that they will find everything they did written down.
قوله تعالى:
الْكَهْف 18:50
وَإِذْ قُلْنَا لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ اسْجُدُوا لِآدَمَ فَسَجَدُوا إِلَّا إِبْلِيسَ كَانَ مِنَ الْجِنِّ فَفَسَقَ عَنْ أَمْرِ رَبِّهِ أَفَتَتَّخِذُونَهُ وَذُرِّيَّتَهُ أَوْلِيَاءَ مِنْ دُونِي وَهُمْ لَكُمْ عَدُوٌّ بِئْسَ لِلظَّالِمِينَ بَدَلًا
Translation (M. H. Shakir):
And when We said to the angels: Make obeisance to Adam; they made obeisance but Iblis (did it not). He was of the jinn, so he transgressed the command of his Lord. What! would you then take him and his offspring for guardians rather than Me, while they are your enemies? Evil is (this) for the unjust as an exchange.
99-/6697 _1-
ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ الْمُفَسِّرُ الْمَعْرُوفُ بِأَبِي الْحَسَنِ الْجُرْجَانِيِّ(رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ)، قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ،وَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَيَّارٍ،عَنْ أَبَوَيْهِمَا،عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلِيٍّ الرِّضَا،عَنْ أَبِيهِ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ الصَّادِقِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)-فِي حَدِيثٍ-قَالاَ: قُلْنَا لَهُ:فَعَلَى هَذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ إِبْلِيسُ(لَعَنَهُ اللَّهُ)أَيْضاً مَلَكاً. فَقَالَ:«لاَ،بَلْ كَانَ مِنَ الْجِنِّ،أَ مَا تَسْمَعَانِ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ: وَ إِذْ قُلْنٰا لِلْمَلاٰئِكَةِ اسْجُدُوا لِآدَمَ فَسَجَدُوا إِلاّٰ إِبْلِيسَ كٰانَ مِنَ الْجِنِّ فَأَخْبَرَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنَّهُ كَانَ مِنَ الْجِنِّ،وَ هُوَ الَّذِي قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: وَ الْجَانَّ خَلَقْنٰاهُ مِنْ قَبْلُ مِنْ نٰارِ السَّمُومِ». و الحديث طويل ذكرناه في قوله تعالى: وَ اتَّبَعُوا مٰا تَتْلُوا الشَّيٰاطِينُ عَلىٰ مُلْكِ سُلَيْمٰانَ.
Translation:
Ibn Bābawayh said: Muhammad ibn al-Qāsim, the exegete known as Abū al-Hasan al-Jurjānī (may Allah be pleased with him), told us; he said: Yūsuf ibn Muhammad ibn Ziyād and ʿAlī ibn Muhammad ibn Sayyār, from their two fathers, from al-Hasan ibn ʿAlī, from his father ʿAlī ibn Muhammad, from his father Muhammad ibn ʿAlī, from his father ʿAlī al-Riḍā, from his father Mūsā ibn Jaʿfar, from his father al-Ṣādiq Jaʿfar ibn Muhammad (peace be upon them)—in a hadith—said: We said to him: “On this basis, Iblīs (may Allah curse him) was not an angel either.” He said: “No. Rather, he was of the jinn. Do you not hear that Allah, Exalted is He, says: ‘And when We said to the angels: Make obeisance to Adam; they made obeisance but Iblis (did it not). He was of the jinn’? So the Mighty and Majestic informed that he was of the jinn. And it is he of whom Allah, Exalted is He, said: ‘And the jinn We created before (him) of intensely hot fire.’” The report is lengthy; we mentioned it under His saying: “And they followed what the devils recited against Solomon’s kingdom.”
99-/6698 _2-
الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ دَرَّاجٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ إِبْلِيسَ،أَ كَانَ مِنَ الْمَلاَئِكَةِ؟وَ هَلْ كَانَ يَلِي مِنْ أَمْرِ السَّمَاءِ شَيْئاً؟ قَالَ:«إِنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ مِنَ الْمَلاَئِكَةِ،وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَلِي مِنْ أَمْرِ السَّمَاءِ شَيْئاً،كَانَ مِنَ الْجِنِّ،وَ كَانَ مَعَ الْمَلاَئِكَةِ،وَ كَانَتِ الْمَلاَئِكَةُ تَرَاهُ أَنَّهُ مِنْهَا،وَ كَانَ اللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِنْهَا،فَلَمَّا أُمِرَ بِالسُّجُودِ كَانَ مِنْهُ الَّذِي كَانَ».
Translation:
Al-ʿAyyāshī, from Jamīl ibn Darrāj, from Abū ʿAbd Allāh (peace be upon him), said: I asked him about Iblīs—was he of the angels? And did he have charge of anything of the affairs of heaven? He said: “He was not of the angels, nor did he have charge of anything of the affairs of heaven. He was of the jinn, and he was with the angels, and the angels saw him as if he were one of them, while Allah knew that he was not of them. So when he was commanded to bow, what occurred from him occurred.”
_4) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:36.
tafsīr al-qummī 2:36.
_5) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:37.
tafsīr al-qummī 2:37.
_1) -عيون أخبار الرّضا(عليه السّلام)1:1/270.
ʿUyūn akhbār al-riḍā (ʿalayhi al-salām) 1:1/270.
_2) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:36/328.
tafsīr al-ʿayyāshī 2:36/328.
[1] يأتي في الحديث(2)من تفسير الآية(9)من سورة الزمر.
yaʾtī fī al-ḥadīth (2) min tafsīr al-āyah (9) min sūrat al-zumar.
[2] الحجر 15:27.
al-ḥijr 15:27.
[3] تقدّم في الحديث(1)من تفسير الآية(102)من سورة البقرة.
taqaddama fī al-ḥadīth (1) min tafsīr al-āyah (102) min sūrat al-baqarah.
99-/6699 _3-
عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: «أَمَرَ اللَّهُ إِبْلِيسَ بِالسُّجُودِ لِآدَمَ مُشَافَهَةً.فَقَالَ: وَ عِزَّتِكَ لَئِنْ أَعْفَيْتَنِي مِنَ السُّجُودِ لِآدَمَ لَأَعْبُدَنَّكَ عِبَادَةً مَا عَبَدَهَا خَلْقٌ مِنْ خَلْقِكَ».
Translation:
From Hishām ibn Sālim, from Abū ʿAbd Allāh (peace be upon him), who said: “Allah commanded Iblīs, face-to-face, to bow to Adam. So he said: ‘By Your might, if You exempt me from bowing to Adam, I will surely worship You with a worship the like of which none of Your creatures has worshiped You.’”
99-/6700 _4-
وَ فِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى،عَنْ هِشَامٍ،عَنْهُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «وَ لَمَّا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ آدَمَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْفُخَ فِيهِ الرُّوحَ كَانَ إِبْلِيسُ يَمُرُّ بِهِ فَيَضْرِبُهُ بِرِجْلِهِ فَيَدِبُّ،فَيَقُولُ إِبْلِيسُ:لِأَمْرٍ مَا خُلِقْتَ». و قد تقدمت الروايات في سورة البقرة بما فيه مزيد على ما هاهنا.
Translation:
And in another report, from Hishām, from him (peace be upon him): “When Allah created Adam (peace be upon him), before He breathed the spirit into him, Iblīs would pass by him and strike him with his foot, whereupon he would move, and Iblīs would say: ‘For some affair you have been created.’” Reports have already preceded in Surah al-Baqarah with more detail than what is here.
قوله تعالى:
الْكَهْف 18:51
مَا أَشْهَدْتُهُمْ خَلْقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَلَا خَلْقَ أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَمَا كُنْتُ مُتَّخِذَ الْمُضِلِّينَ عَضُدًا
Translation (M. H. Shakir):
I did not make them to witness the creation of the heavens and the earth, nor their own creation; nor could I take those who lead astray for aiders.
/6701 _5-
علي بن إبراهيم،في قوله تعالى: وَ مٰا كُنْتُ مُتَّخِذَ الْمُضِلِّينَ عَضُداً :أي ناصرا.
Translation:
ʿAlī ibn Ibrāhīm, regarding His saying “and nor could I take those who lead astray for aiders,” said: that is, as a helper.
99-/6702 _6-
الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فِي قَوْلِهِ: مٰا أَشْهَدْتُهُمْ خَلْقَ السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ وَ لاٰ خَلْقَ أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَ مٰا كُنْتُ مُتَّخِذَ الْمُضِلِّينَ عَضُداً . قَالَ:«إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)قَالَ:اَللَّهُمَّ أَعِزَّ الدِّينَ بِعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ أَوْ بِأَبِي جَهْلِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ: وَ مٰا كُنْتُ مُتَّخِذَ الْمُضِلِّينَ عَضُداً يَعْنِيهِمَا».
Translation:
Al-ʿAyyāshī, from Muhammad ibn Marwān, from Abū Jaʿfar (peace be upon him), regarding His saying, “I did not make them witness the creation of the heavens and the earth, nor their own creation; nor could I take those who lead astray for aiders,” said: “The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) said: ‘O Allah, strengthen the religion by ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb or by Abū Jahl ibn Hishām.’ So Allah revealed: ‘nor could I take those who lead astray for aiders,’ meaning the two of them.”
99-/6703 _7-
عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ:جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ،قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):«اللَّهُمَّ أَعِزَّ الْإِسْلاَمَ بِأَبِي جَهْلِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ أَوْ بِعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ»؟فَقَالَ:«يَا مُحَمَّدُ،قَدْ-وَ اللَّهِ-قَالَ ذَلِكَ،وَ كَانَ عَلَيَّ أَشَدَّ مِنْ ضَرْبِ الْعُنُقِ». ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَيَّ فَقَالَ:«هَلْ تَدْرِي مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ يَا مُحَمَّدُ»؟قُلْتُ:أَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ،جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ،قَالَ:«إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)كَانَ فِي دَارِ الْأَرْقَمِ،فَقَالَ:اَللَّهُمَّ أَعِزَّ الْإِسْلَامَ،بِأَبِي جَهْلِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ أَوْ بِعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ،فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ: مٰا أَشْهَدْتُهُمْ خَلْقَ السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ وَ لاٰ خَلْقَ أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَ مٰا كُنْتُ مُتَّخِذَ الْمُضِلِّينَ عَضُداً يَعْنِيهِمَا».
Translation:
From Muhammad ibn Marwān, from Abū ʿAbd Allāh (peace be upon him), who said: I said to him: “May I be your ransom, did the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) say: ‘O Allah, strengthen Islam by Abū Jahl ibn Hishām or by ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb’?” He said: “By Allah, O Muhammad, he did say that—and it was harder upon me than striking off the neck.” Then he turned to me and said: “Do you know what Allah revealed, O Muhammad?” I said: “You know better; may I be your ransom.” He said: “The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) was in Dār al-Arqam and said: ‘O Allah, strengthen Islam by Abū Jahl ibn Hishām or by ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb.’ So Allah revealed: ‘I did not make them witness the creation of the heavens and the earth, nor their own creation; nor could I take those who lead astray for aiders,’ meaning the two of them.”
_3) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:37/328.
tafsīr al-ʿayyāshī 2:37/328.
_4) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:38/328.
tafsīr al-ʿayyāshī 2:38/328.
_5) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:37.
tafsīr al-qummī 2:37.
_6) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:39/328.
tafsīr al-ʿayyāshī 2:39/328.
_7) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:40/329.
tafsīr al-ʿayyāshī 2:40/329.
[1] تقدّمت الروايات في تفسير الآية(34)من سورة البقرة.
taqaddamat al-riwāyāt fī tafsīr al-āyah (34) min sūrat al-baqarah.