S 2 A 58-62

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مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ: عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ قَادِمٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ زُرَارَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ مَا ظَلَمُونَا وَلَكِنْ كَانُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ. قَالَ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَعْظَمُ وَأَعَزُّ وَأَجَلُّ وَأَمْنَعُ مِنْ أَنْ يُظْلَمَ، وَلَكِنَّهُ خَلَطَنَا بِنَفْسِهِ، فَجَعَلَ ظُلْمَنَا ظُلْمَهُ، وَوَلَايَتَنَا وَلَايَتَهُ، حَيْثُ يَقُولُ: إِنَّمَا وَلِيُّكُمُ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا يَعْنِي الْأَئِمَّةَ مِنَّا».

ثُمَّ قَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: وَ مَا ظَلَمُونَا وَلَكِنْ كَانُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ مِثْلَهُ.

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Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub: from a number of our companions, from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd Allah, from ‘Abd al-Wahhab ibn Bashir, from Musa ibn Qadim, from Sulayman, from Zurara, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), who said: I asked him about the words of God, Mighty and Majestic: “And they did not wrong Us, but they wronged themselves.” He said: “God is too great, too mighty, too exalted, and too inviolable to be wronged; but He has joined us to Himself, so He made wronging us to be wronging Him, and our wilayah to be His wilayah, where He says: ‘Only Allah is your guardian and His Messenger and those who believe,’ meaning the Imams from us.”

Then he said in another place: “And they did not wrong Us, but they wronged themselves,” and mentioned the like of it.

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عَنْهُ: عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفُضَيْلِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الْمَاضِي(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، فِي قَوْلِهِ: وَ مَا ظَلَمُونَا وَلَكِنْ كَانُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ. قَالَ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَعَزُّ وَأَمْنَعُ مِنْ أَنْ يُظْلَمَ، أَوْ يَنْسُبَ نَفْسَهُ إِلَى الظُّلْمِ، وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ خَلَطَنَا بِنَفْسِهِ، فَجَعَلَ ظُلْمَنَا ظُلْمَهُ، وَوَلَايَتَنَا وَلَايَتَهُ، ثُمَّ أَنْزَلَ بِذَلِكَ قُرْآنًا عَلَى نَبِيِّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) فَقَالَ: وَ مَا ظَلَمْنَاهُمْ وَلَكِنْ كَانُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ». قُلْتُ: هَذَا تَنْزِيلٌ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ».

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From him: from ‘Ali ibn Muhammad, from some of our companions, from Ibn Mahbub, from Muhammad ibn al-Fudayl, from Abu al-Hasan al-Madi (peace be upon him), regarding His words: “And they did not wrong Us, but they wronged themselves.” He said: “God is too mighty and too inviolable to be wronged or to attribute wrong to Himself; but God has joined us to Himself, so He made wronging us to be wronging Him, and our wilayah to be His wilayah; then He revealed about that Qur’an upon His Prophet (may God bless him and his family), and He said: ‘And We did not wrong them, but they wronged themselves.’” I said: Is this a [variant] revelation? He said: “Yes.”

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علي بن إبراهيم -في معنى الآية-: أن بني إسرائيل لما عبر موسى بهم البحر نزلوا في مفازة، فقالوا: يا موسى، أهلكتنا وقتلتنا وأخرجتنا من العمران إلى مفازة لا ظل ولا شجر ولا ماء، وكانت تجيء بالنهار غمامة تظلهم من الشمس، وينزل عليهم بالليل المنّ فيقع على النبات والشجر والحجر فيأكلونه، وبالعشي يأتيهم طائر مشوي يقع على موائدهم، فإذا أكلوا وشربوا طار ومرّ، وكان مع موسى حجر يضعه وسط العسكر ثمّ يضربه بعصاه فتنفجر منه اثنتا عشرة عيناً، كما حكى اللّه، فيذهب إلى كل سبط في رحله، وكانوا اثني عشر سبطاً.

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‘Ali ibn Ibrahim—on the meaning of the verse—said: When Moses led the Children of Israel across the sea, they came down in a wilderness. They said: “O Moses, you have ruined us, killed us, and brought us out from inhabited land to a wilderness with no shade, no trees, and no water.” In the daytime a cloud would come to shade them from the sun, and at night manna would descend upon the plants, trees, and rocks and they would eat it. And in the evening a roasted bird would come and alight upon their tables; when they had eaten and drunk, it would fly off and go on. Moses had with him a stone which he would place in the midst of the camp, then strike it with his staff, and twelve springs would gush forth from it, as God has related, and each tribe would go to its own drinking place in its quarters; and they were twelve tribes.

قوله تعالى:

وَ إِذْ قُلْنَا ادْخُلُوا هٰذِهِ الْقَرْيَةَ فَكُلُوا مِنْهَا حَيْثُ شِئْتُمْ رَغَدًا وَ ادْخُلُوا الْبَابَ سُجَّدًا وَ قُولُوا حِطَّةٌ نَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ خَطَايَاكُمْ وَ سَنَزِيدُ الْمُحْسِنِينَ [58]

99-/Q2:58

And when We said: Enter this town, then eat from it a plenteous (food) wherever you wish, and enter the gate making obeisance, and say, Forgiveness. We will forgive you your wrongs and give more to those who do good. (al-Baqarah 2:58, M. H. Shakir)

فَبَدَّلَ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا قَوْلًا غَيْرَ الَّذِي قِيلَ لَهُمْ فَأَنْزَلْنَا عَلَى الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا رِجْزًا مِنَ السَّمَاءِ بِمَا كَانُوا يَفْسُقُونَ [59]

99-/Q2:59

But those who were unjust changed it for a saying other than that which had been spoken to them, so We sent upon those who were unjust a pestilence from heaven because they transgressed. (al-Baqarah 2:59, M. H. Shakir)

وَ إِذِ اسْتَسْقَىٰ مُوسَىٰ لِقَوْمِهِ فَقُلْنَا اضْرِبْ بِعَصَاكَ الْحَجَرَ فَانْفَجَرَتْ مِنْهُ اثْنَتَا عَشْرَةَ عَيْنًا قَدْ عَلِمَ كُلُّ أُنَاسٍ مَشْرَبَهُمْ كُلُوا وَ اشْرَبُوا مِنْ رِزْقِ اللَّهِ وَ لَا تَعْثَوْا فِي الْأَرْضِ مُفْسِدِينَ [60]

99-/Q2:60

And when Moses prayed for drink for his people, We said: Strike the rock with your staff. So there gushed from it twelve springs; each tribe knew its drinking place. Eat and drink of the sustenance provided by Allah, and do not act corruptly in the land, making mischief. (al-Baqarah 2:60, M. H. Shakir)

وَ إِذْ قُلْتُمْ يَا مُوسَىٰ لَنْ نَصْبِرَ عَلَىٰ طَعَامٍ وَاحِدٍ فَادْعُ لَنَا رَبَّكَ يُخْرِجْ لَنَا مِمَّا تُنْبِتُ الْأَرْضُ مِنْ بَقْلِهَا وَ قِثَّائِهَا وَ فُومِهَا وَ عَدَسِهَا وَ بَصَلِهَا ۚ قَالَ أَتَسْتَبْدِلُونَ الَّذِي هُوَ أَدْنَىٰ بِالَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ ۚ اهْبِطُوا مِصْرًا فَإِنَّ لَكُمْ مَا سَأَلْتُمْ ۗ وَ ضُرِبَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الذِّلَّةُ وَ الْمَسْكَنَةُ وَ بَاءُوا بِغَضَبٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ ۗ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَكْفُرُونَ بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ وَ يَقْتُلُونَ النَّبِيِّينَ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ ۗ ذَٰلِكَ بِمَا عَصَوْا وَ كَانُوا يَعْتَدُونَ [61]

99-/Q2:61

And when you said: O Moses! we cannot bear with one food, therefore pray to your Lord for us to bring forth for us of what the earth grows—of its herbs and its cucumbers and its garlic and its lentils and its onions. He said: Will you exchange that which is better for that which is worse? Enter a city, so you will have what you ask for. And abasement and humiliation were brought down upon them, and they incurred Allah’s wrath; this was because they disbelieved in the communications of Allah and killed the prophets unjustly; this was because they disobeyed and exceeded the limits. (al-Baqarah 2:61, M. H. Shakir)

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَ الَّذِينَ هَادُوا وَ النَّصَارَىٰ وَ الصَّابِئِينَ مَنْ آمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَ الْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَ عَمِلَ صَالِحًا فَلَهُمْ أَجْرُهُمْ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ وَ لَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَ لَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ [62]

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Surely those who believe, and those who are Jews, and the Christians, and the Sabians, whoever believes in Allah and the Last day and does good, they shall have their reward from their Lord, and there is no fear for them, nor shall they grieve. (al-Baqarah 2:62, M. H. Shakir)

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قَالَ الْإِمَامُ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: وَاذْكُرُوا، يَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ إِذْ قُلْنَا لِأَسْلَافِكُمْ: اُدْخُلُوا هَذِهِ الْقَرْيَةَ -وَهِيَ أَرِيحَا مِنْ بِلادِ الشَّامِ، وَذَلِكَ حِينَ خَرَجُوا مِنَ التِّيهِ- فَكُلُوا مِنْهَا مِنَ الْقَرْيَةِ حَيْثُ شِئْتُمْ رَغَدًا وَاسِعًا، بِلا تَعَبٍ وَلَا نَصَبٍ، وَادْخُلُوا الْبَابَ بَابَ الْقَرْيَةِ سُجَّدًا. مَثَّلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ عَلَى الْبَابِ مِثَالَ مُحَمَّدٍ(ص) وَعَلِيٍّ(ع)، وَأَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يَسْجُدُوا تَعْظِيمًا لِذَلِكَ الْمِثَالِ، وَيُجَدِّدُوا عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ بَيْعَتَهُمَا، وَذِكْرَ مُوَلَاتِهِمَا، وَلِيَذْكُرُوا الْعَهْدَ وَالْمِيثَاقَ الْمَأْخُوذَيْنِ عَلَيْهِمْ لَهُمَا. وَقُولُوا حِطَّةٌ أَيْ قُولُوا: إِنَّ سُجُودَنَا لِلَّهِ تَعَالَى تَعْظِيمًا لِمِثَالِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلِيٍّ(صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمَا)، وَاعْتِقَادِنَا لِوَلَايَتِهِمَا، حِطَّةٌ لِذُنُوبِنَا، وَمَحْوٌ لِسَيِّئَاتِنَا. قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: نَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ بِهَذَا الْفِعْلِ خَطَايَاكُمُ السَّالِفَةَ، وَنُزِيلُ عَنْكُمْ آثَامَكُمُ الْمَاضِيَةَ وَسَنَزِيدُ الْمُحْسِنِينَ مَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ لَمْ يُقَارِفِ الذُّنُوبَ الَّتِي قَارَفَهَا مَنْ خَالَفَ الْوَلَايَةَ، وَثَبَتَ عَلَى مَا أَعْطَى اللَّهُ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ مِنْ عَهْدِ الْوَلَايَةِ، فَإِنَّا نَزِيدُهُمْ بِهَذَا الْفِعْلِ زِيَادَةَ دَرَجَاتٍ وَمَثُوبَاتٍ، وَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ: وَسَنَزِيدُ الْمُحْسِنِينَ. قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: فَبَدَّلَ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا قَوْلًا غَيْرَ الَّذِي قِيلَ لَهُمْ. لَمْ يَسْجُدُوا كَمَا أُمِرُوا، وَلَا قَالُوا مَا أُمِرُوا، وَظَلَمُوا، وَلَكِنْ دَخَلُوهَا مُسْتَقْبِلِيهَا بِأَسْتَاهِهِمْ، وَقَالُوا: هِطَا سَمْقَانَا -يَعْنِي حِنْطَةٌ حَمْرَاءُ نَتَقَوَّتُهَا- أَحَبُّ إِلَيْنَا مِنْ هَذَا الْفِعْلِ، وَهَذَا الْقَوْلِ. قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: فَأَنْزَلْنَا عَلَى الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا غَيَّرُوا وَبَدَّلُوا مَا قِيلَ لَهُمْ، وَلَمْ يَنْقَادُوا لِوَلَايَةِ اللَّهِ وَوَلَايَةِ مُحَمَّدٍ(ص) وَعَلِيٍّ وَآلِهِمَا الطَّيِّبِينَ الطَّاهِرِينَ رِجْزًا مِنَ السَّمَاءِ بِمَا كَانُوا يَفْسُقُونَ يَخْرُجُونَ مِنْ أَمْرِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى وَطَاعَتِهِ، وَالرِّجْزُ الَّذِي أَصَابَهُمْ أَنَّهُ مَاتَ مِنْهُمْ بِالطَّاعُونِ فِي بَعْضِ يَوْمٍ مِائَةٌ وَعِشْرُونَ أَلْفًا، وَهُمْ مِنْ عِلْمِ اللَّهِ أَنَّهُمْ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ وَلَا يَتُوبُونَ، وَلَا يَنْزِلُ هَذَا الرِّجْزُ عَلَى مَنْ عَلِمَ اللَّهُ أَنَّهُ يَتُوبُ، أَوْ يَخْرُجُ مِنْ صُلْبِهِ ذُرِّيَّةٌ طَيِّبَةٌ تُوَحِّدُ اللَّهَ، وَتُؤْمِنُ بِمُحَمَّدٍ، وَتَعْرِفُ مُوَلَاةَ عَلِيٍّ وَصِيِّهِ وَأَخِيهِ». قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: وَإِذِ اسْتَسْقَىٰ مُوسَىٰ لِقَوْمِهِ قَالَ(ع): «وَاذْكُرُوا، يَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ، إِذِ اسْتَسْقَىٰ مُوسَىٰ لِقَوْمِهِ طَلَبَ لَهُمُ السُّقْيَا، لَمَّا لَحِقَهُمْ مِنَ الْعَطَشِ فِي التِّيهِ، وَضَجُّوا بِالْبُكَاءِ، وَقَالُوا: هَلَكْنَا بِالْعَطَشِ. فَقَالَ مُوسَى: إِلَهِي بِحَقِّ مُحَمَّدٍ سَيِّدِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ، وَبِحَقِّ عَلِيٍّ سَيِّدِ الْأَوْصِيَاءِ، وَبِحَقِّ فَاطِمَةَ سَيِّدَةِ النِّسَاءِ، وَبِحَقِّ الْحَسَنِ سَيِّدِ الْأَوْلِيَاءِ، وَبِحَقِّ الْحُسَيْنِ أَفْضَلِ الشُّهَدَاءِ، وَبِحَقِّ عِتْرَتِهِمْ وَخُلَفَائِهِمْ سَادَةِ الْأَزْكِيَاءِ لَمَّا سَقَيْتَ عِبَادَكَ هَؤُلَاءِ. فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ تَعَالَى إِلَيْهِ: يَا مُوسَى اضْرِبْ بِعَصَاكَ الْحَجَرَ فَضَرَبَهُ بِهَا فَانْفَجَرَتْ مِنْهُ اثْنَتَا عَشْرَةَ عَيْنًا قَدْ عَلِمَ كُلُّ أُنَاسٍ مَشْرَبَهُمْ كُلُّ قَبِيلَةٍ مِنْ أَوْلَادِ يَعْقُوبَ مَشْرَبَهُمْ، فَلَا يُزَاحِمُهُمُ الْآخَرُونَ فِي مَشْرَبِهِمْ. قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: كُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا مِنْ رِزْقِ اللَّهِ الَّذِي آتَاكُمُوهُ وَلَا تَعْثَوْا فِي الْأَرْضِ مُفْسِدِينَ لَا تَسْعَوْا فِيهَا وَأَنْتُمْ مُفْسِدُونَ عَاصُونَ. قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(ص): مَنْ أَقَامَ عَلَى وَلَايَتِنَا أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ، سَقَاهُ اللَّهُ مِنْ مَحَبَّتِهِ كَأْسًا لَا يَبْغُونَ بِهِ بَدَلًا، وَلَا يُرِيدُونَ سِوَاهُ كَافِيًا وَلَا كَالِئًا وَلَا نَاصِرًا، وَمَنْ وَطَّنَ نَفْسَهُ عَلَى احْتِمَالِ الْمَكَارِهِ فِي مُوَلَاتِنَا، جَعَلَهُ اللَّهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فِي عَرَصَاتِهَا بِحَيْثُ تَقْصُرُ كُلُّ مَنْ تَضَمَّنَتْهُ تِلْكَ الْعَرَصَاتُ أَبْصَارُهُمْ مِمَّا يُشَاهِدُونَ مِنْ دَرَجَاتِهِمْ، وَإِنَّ كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ لَيُحِيطُ بِمَا لَهُ مِنْ دَرَجَاتِهِ، كَإِحَاطَتِهِ فِي الدُّنْيَا بِمَا يَتَلَقَّاهُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ. ثُمَّ يُقَالُ لَهُ: وَطَّنْتَ نَفْسَكَ عَلَى احْتِمَالِ الْمَكَارِهِ فِي مُوَلَاةِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِهِ الطَّيِّبِينَ، فَقَدْ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ إِلَيْكَ وَمَكَّنَكَ مِنْ تَخْلِيصِ كُلِّ مَنْ تُحِبُّ تَخْلِيصَهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الشَّدَائِدِ فِي هَذِهِ الْعَرَصَاتِ؛ فَيَمُدُّ بَصَرَهُ، فَيُحِيطُ بِهِمْ، ثُمَّ يَنْقُدُ مَنْ أَحْسَنَ إِلَيْهِ أَوْ بَرَّهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا بِقَوْلٍ أَوْ فِعْلٍ أَوْ رَدِّ غِيبَةٍ أَوْ حُسْنِ مَحْضَرٍ أَوْ إِرْفَاقٍ، فَيَنْقُدُهُ مِنْ بَيْنِهِمْ كَمَا يُنْقَدُ الدِّرْهَمُ الصَّحِيحُ مِنَ الْمَكْسُورِ. ثُمَّ يُقَالُ لَهُ: اجْعَلْ هَؤُلَاءِ فِي الْجَنَّةِ حَيْثُ شِئْتَ؛ فَيُنْزِلُهُمْ جَنَّاتِ رَبِّنَا. ثُمَّ يُقَالُ لَهُ: وَقَدْ جَعَلْنَا لَكَ، وَمَكَّنَّاكَ مِنْ إِلْقَاءِ مَنْ تُرِيدُ فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ؛ فَيَرَاهُمْ فَيُحِيطُ بِهِمْ، وَيَنْتَقِدُ مِنْ بَيْنِهِمْ كَمَا يُنْتَقَدُ الدِّينَارُ مِنَ الْقُرَاضَةِ. ثُمَّ يُقَالُ لَهُ: صَيِّرْهُمْ مِنَ النِّيرَانِ إِلَى حَيْثُ تَشَاءُ؛ فَيُصَيِّرُهُمْ حَيْثُ يَشَاءُ مِنْ مَضَائِقِ النَّارِ. فَيَقُولُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى لِبَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ الْمَوْجُودِينَ فِي عَصْرِ مُحَمَّدٍ(ص): فَإِذَا كَانَ أَسْلَافُكُمْ إِنَّمَا دُعُوا إِلَى مُوَلَاةِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِهِ، فَأَنْتُمُ الْآنَ لَمَّا شَاهَدْتُمُوهُمْ، فَقَدْ وَصَلْتُمْ إِلَى الْغَرَضِ وَالْمَطْلَبِ الْأَفْضَلِ، إِلَى مُوَلَاةِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِهِ؛ فَتَقَرَّبُوا إِلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ بِالتَّقَرُّبِ إِلَيْنَا، وَلَا تَتَقَرَّبُوا مِنْ سَخَطِهِ، وَتَتَبَاعَدُوا مِنْ رَحْمَتِهِ بِالِازْوِرَارِ عَنَّا. ثُمَّ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: وَإِذْ قُلْتُمْ يَا مُوسَىٰ لَنْ نَصْبِرَ عَلَىٰ طَعَامٍ وَاحِدٍ. وَاذْكُرُوا إِذْ قَالَ أَسْلَافُكُمْ: لَنْ نَصْبِرَ عَلَى طَعَامٍ وَاحِدٍ، الْمَنِّ وَالسَّلْوَى، وَلَا بُدَّ لَنَا مِنْ خُلْطَةٍ مَعَهُ فَادْعُ لَنَا رَبَّكَ يُخْرِجْ لَنَا مِمَّا تُنْبِتُ الْأَرْضُ مِنْ بَقْلِهَا وَقِثَّائِهَا وَفُومِهَا وَعَدَسِهَا وَبَصَلِهَا قَالَ مُوسَى أَتَسْتَبْدِلُونَ الَّذِي هُوَ أَدْنَىٰ بِالَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ يُرِيدُ أَتَسْتَدْعُونَ الْأَدْنَى لِيَكُونَ لَكُمْ بَدَلًا مِنَ الْأَفْضَلِ؟ ثُمَّ قَالَ: اهْبِطُوا مِصْرًا مِنَ الْأَمْصَارِ مِنْ هَذَا التِّيهِ فَإِنَّ لَكُمْ مَا سَأَلْتُمْ فِي الْمِصْرِ. قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: وَضُرِبَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الذِّلَّةُ الْجِزْيَةُ، أُخْزُوا بِهَا عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ وَعِنْدَ مُؤْمِنِي عِبَادِهِ وَالْمَسْكَنَةُ هِيَ الْفَقْرُ وَالذِّلَّةُ وَبَاءُوا بِغَضَبٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ احْتَمَلُوا الْغَضَبَ وَاللَّعْنَةَ مِنَ اللَّهِ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَكْفُرُونَ بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُضْرَبَ عَلَيْهِمُ الذِّلَّةُ وَالْمَسْكَنَةُ وَيَقْتُلُونَ النَّبِيِّينَ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ كَانُوا يَقْتُلُونَهُمْ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ، بِلا جُرْمٍ كَانَ مِنْهُمْ إِلَيْهِمْ، وَلَا إِلَى غَيْرِهِمْ. ذَٰلِكَ بِمَا عَصَوْا ذَلِكَ الْخِذْلَانُ الَّذِي اسْتَوْلَى عَلَيْهِمْ حَتَّى فَعَلُوا الْآثَامَ الَّتِي مِنْ أَجْلِهَا ضُرِبَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الذِّلَّةُ وَالْمَسْكَنَةُ، وَبَاءُوا بِغَضَبٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَكَانُوا يَعْتَدُونَ يَتَجَاوَزُونَ أَمْرَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى إِلَى أَمْرِ إِبْلِيسَ». ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(ص): «أَلَا فَلَا تَفْعَلُوا كَمَا فَعَلَتْ بَنُو إِسْرَائِيلَ، وَلَا تُسْخِطُوا اللَّهَ تَعَالَى، وَلَا تَقْتَرِحُوا عَلَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى، وَإِذَا ابْتُلِيَ أَحَدُكُمْ فِي رِزْقِهِ أَوْ مَعِيشَتِهِ بِمَا لَا يُحِبُّ، فَلَا يَحْدُسْ شَيْئًا يَسْأَلُهُ، لَعَلَّ فِي ذَلِكَ حَتْفَهُ وَهَلَاكَهُ، وَلَكِنْ لِيَقُلْ: اللَّهُمَّ بِجَاهِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِهِ الطَّيِّبِينَ إِنْ كَانَ مَا كَرِهْتَهُ مِنْ أَمْرِي خَيْرًا لِي وَأَفْضَلَ فِي دِينِي، فَصَبِّرْنِي عَلَيْهِ، وَقَوِّنِي عَلَى احْتِمَالِهِ، وَنَشِّطْنِي عَلَى النُّهُوضِ بِثِقْلِ أَعْبَائِهِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ خِلَافُ ذَلِكَ خَيْرًا فَجُدْ عَلَيَّ بِهِ، وَرَضِّنِي بِقَضَائِكَ عَلَى كُلِّ حَالٍ، فَلَكَ الْحَمْدُ؛ فَإِنَّكَ إِذَا قُلْتَ ذَلِكَ قَدَّرَ اللَّهُ وَيَسَّرَ لَكَ مَا هُوَ خَيْرٌ». ثُمَّ قَالَ(ص): «يَا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ، فَاحْذَرُوا الِانْهِمَاكَ فِي الْمَعَاصِي وَالتَّهَاوُنَ بِهَا، فَإِنَّ الْمَعَاصِيَ يَسْتَوْلِي بِهَا الْخِذْلَانُ عَلَى صَاحِبِهَا حَتَّى يُوقِعَهُ فِيمَا هُوَ أَعْظَمُ مِنْهَا، فَلَا يَزَالُ يَعْصِي وَيَتَهَاوَنُ وَيُخْذَلُ وَيَقَعُ فِيمَا هُوَ أَعْظَمُ، حَتَّى يُوقِعَهُ فِي رَدِّ وَلَايَةِ وَصِيِّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ، وَدَفْعِ نُبُوَّةِ نَبِيِّ اللَّهِ، وَلَا يَزَالُ أَيْضًا بِذَلِكَ حَتَّى يُوقِعَهُ فِي دَفْعِ تَوْحِيدِ اللَّهِ، وَالْإِلْحَادِ فِي دِينِ اللَّهِ». ثُمَّ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: «إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِاللَّهِ، وَبِمَا فَرَضَ الْإِيمَانَ بِهِ مِنَ الْوَلَايَةِ لِعَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ وَالطَّيِّبِينَ مِنْ آلِهِ وَالَّذِينَ هَادُوا يَعْنِي الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى الَّذِينَ زَعَمُوا أَنَّهُمْ فِي دِينِ اللَّهِ مُتَنَاصِرُونَ وَالصَّابِئِينَ الَّذِينَ زَعَمُوا أَنَّهُمْ صَبَئُوا إِلَى دِينِ اللَّهِ، وَهُمْ بِقَوْلِهِمْ كَاذِبُونَ. مَنْ آمَنَ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ الْكُفَّارِ، وَنَزَعَ مِنْ كُفْرِهِ، وَمَنْ آمَنَ مِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فِي مُسْتَقْبَلِ أَعْمَارِهِمْ، وَوَفَى بِالْعَهْدِ وَالْمِيثَاقِ الْمَأْخُوذَيْنِ عَلَيْهِ لِمُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلِيٍّ وَخُلَفَائِهِ الطَّاهِرِينَ وَعَمِلَ صَالِحًا مِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَلَهُمْ أَجْرُهُمْ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ فِي الْآخِرَةِ وَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ هُنَاكَ حِينَ يَخَافُ الْفَاسِقُونَ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ إِذَا حَزِنَ الْمُخَالِفُونَ، لِأَنَّهُمْ لَمْ يَعْمَلُوا مِنْ مُخَالَفَةِ اللَّهِ مَا يُخَافُ مِنْ فِعْلِهِ، وَلَا يَحْزَنُ لَهُ». وَنَظَرَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(ع) إِلَى رَجُلٍ [فَرَأَى] أَثَرَ الْخَوْفِ عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: مَا بَالُكَ؟ فَقَالَ: إِنِّي أَخَافُ اللَّهَ. فَقَالَ: «يَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ، خَفْ ذُنُوبَكَ، وَخَفْ عَدْلَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكَ فِي مَظَالِمِ عِبَادِهِ، وَأَطِعْهُ فِيمَا كَلَّفَكَ، وَلَا تَعْصِهِ فِيمَا يُصْلِحُكَ، ثُمَّ لَا تَخَفِ اللَّهَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَظْلِمُ أَحَدًا وَلَا يُعَذِّبُهُ فَوْقَ اسْتِحْقَاقِهِ أَبَدًا، إِلَّا أَنْ تَخَافَ سُوءَ الْعَاقِبَةِ بِأَنْ تَتَغَيَّرَ أَوْ تَتَبَدَّلَ، فَإِنْ أَرَدْتَ أَنْ يُؤْمِنَكَ اللَّهُ سُوءَ الْعَاقِبَةِ، فَاعْلَمْ أَنَّ مَا تَأْتِيهِ مِنْ خَيْرٍ فَبِفَضْلِ اللَّهِ وَتَوْفِيقِهِ، وَمَا تَأْتِيهِ مِنْ سُوءٍ فَبِإِمْهَالِ اللَّهِ وَإِنْظَارِهِ إِيَّاكَ وَحِلْمِهِ عَنْكَ».

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Imam al-‘Askari (peace be upon him) said: “God Most High said: And remember, O Children of Israel, when We said to your forefathers: Enter this town—which is Ariha (Jericho) in the land of al-Sham—when they came out of the wilderness. ‘So eat therein, in the town, wherever you wish, in ease and abundance, without toil or hardship; and enter the gate of the town prostrating.’ God, Mighty and Majestic, set upon the gate the likeness of Muhammad (may God bless him and his family) and ‘Ali (peace be upon him), and He ordered them to prostrate in veneration of that likeness, and to renew upon themselves their pledge to them both, and the remembrance of their loyalty to them both, and so that they might remember the covenant and compact taken upon them for them both. ‘And say: Hitta (forgiveness),’ that is, say: ‘Our prostration to God Most High in veneration of the likeness of Muhammad and ‘Ali (God’s blessings be upon them), and our belief in their wilayah, is a removal of our sins and an effacement of our misdeeds.’ God Most High said: ‘We will forgive you by this act your past sins and remove from you your former offenses, and We shall increase those who do good’—those of you who did not commit the sins committed by those who opposed the wilayah, and who remained firm upon what God on His part granted of the covenant of wilayah; for by this act We increase them in degrees and rewards. That is His saying: ‘And We shall increase the doers of good.’ God, Mighty and Majestic, said: ‘But those who did wrong changed the saying to other than that which had been said to them.’ They did not prostrate as they were commanded, nor did they say what they were commanded; they did wrong; instead, they entered it with their backsides facing it, and they said: ‘Hita samqana’—meaning: ‘red wheat which we eat’—is more beloved to us than this act and this saying. God Most High said: ‘So We sent down upon those who did wrong—who altered and changed what had been said to them, and who did not submit to the wilayah of God and the wilayah of Muhammad (may God bless him and his family) and ‘Ali and their pure, immaculate progeny—a punishment from heaven because they were defiantly disobedient, departing from God’s command and His obedience.’ The punishment that struck them was that in part of a single day one hundred and twenty thousand of them died of plague; and this was in God’s knowledge that they would neither believe nor repent. Such punishment does not descend upon one whom God knows will repent, or from whose loins will come a goodly progeny who will declare God’s oneness, believe in Muhammad, and recognize the loyalty to ‘Ali, his executor and brother.” God, Mighty and Majestic, said: ‘And when Moses sought water for his people…’ He (peace be upon him) said: “And remember, O Children of Israel, when Moses sought water for his people—he asked for them to be given drink when thirst overtook them in the wilderness and they clamored with weeping and said: We are perishing of thirst. So Moses said: ‘My God, by the right of Muhammad, the master of the prophets; and by the right of ‘Ali, the master of the successors; and by the right of Fatimah, the mistress of the women; and by the right of al-Hasan, the master of the saints; and by the right of al-Husayn, the best of martyrs; and by the right of their progeny and their successors, the lords of the pure—give Your servants here to drink.’ So God Most High revealed to him: ‘O Moses, strike the rock with your staff.’ He struck it with it, and there gushed forth from it twelve springs; each group of the children of Jacob knew its own drinking place, so the others would not press them at their drinking place. God, Mighty and Majestic, said: ‘Eat and drink of the provision of God which He has given you, and do not act wickedly in the land as corrupters—do not go about in it while you are corrupters and disobedient.’ The Messenger of God (may God bless him and his family) said: ‘Whoever remains firm upon our wilayah, the People of the House, God will give him to drink from His love a cup for which they will not seek an exchange, and they will desire no other than it as sufficer, guardian, or helper. And whoever trains his soul to bear hardships in our loyalty, God will set him on the Day of Resurrection, in its plains, in such a way that the eyes of everyone contained in those plains fall short of what they behold of their ranks; and each one of them encompasses what he has of his degrees just as in the world he encompassed what he received before him. Then it will be said to him: You trained your soul to bear hardships in loyalty to Muhammad and his pure family; God has granted to you and empowered you to deliver from among those in these plains of hardships whomever you love to deliver. He will extend his sight and encompass them, then he will single out the one who did him good or showed him kindness in the world—by word, or deed, or repelling backbiting, or good presence, or assistance—and he will pick him out from among them as a sound dirham is picked out from broken ones. Then it will be said to him: Place these in Paradise wherever you wish; and he will lodge them in the gardens of our Lord. Then it will be said to him: We have also granted to you and empowered you to cast whomever you wish into the Fire of Hell; he will see them, encompass them, and select from among them as a dinar is selected from clippings. Then it will be said to him: Transfer them from the fires to wherever you wish; and he will transfer them wherever he wishes among the narrows of the Fire.’ God Most High says to the Children of Israel living in the era of Muhammad (may God bless him and his family): ‘If your forefathers were only called to the loyalty to Muhammad and his family, then you—now that you have seen them—have attained the superior aim and object, loyalty to Muhammad and his family. So draw near to God, Mighty and Majestic, by drawing near to us, and do not draw near to His wrath and distance yourselves from His mercy by turning away from us.’ Then God, Mighty and Majestic, said: ‘And when you said: O Moses! we will not bear with one food…’—and remember when your forefathers said: We will not be patient with one food, manna and quails; we must have something mixed with it. ‘So pray to your Lord for us to bring forth for us what the earth grows—its herbs, its cucumbers, its garlic, its lentils, and its onions.’ Moses said: Do you seek the lesser to be for you in place of the better? Then he said: Descend to a city from among the cities from this wilderness, for you shall have what you asked for in the city. God Most High said: ‘And abasement was struck upon them’—the jizya; they were disgraced by it before their Lord and before His believing servants—‘and wretchedness’—which is poverty and abasement—‘and they incurred wrath from God’—they bore God’s wrath and curse—‘that was because they disbelieved in the signs of God before abasement and wretchedness were struck upon them, and they killed the prophets without right’—they used to kill them without any right, without any offense from them to them or to others. ‘That was because they disobeyed’—that abandonment by which they were overcome until they committed the sins for which abasement and wretchedness were struck upon them and they incurred wrath from God—‘and they transgressed’—they went beyond God’s command to the command of Iblis.” Then the Messenger of God (may God bless him and his family) said: “Take care not to do as the Children of Israel did; do not incur God’s wrath; do not seek stipulations upon God. If one of you is tried in his provision or livelihood with what he dislikes, then let him not devise something to ask for—perhaps in that lies his death and destruction—but let him say: ‘O God, by the rank of Muhammad and his pure family, if what I dislike in my affair is better for me and more excellent in my religion, then make me patient over it, strengthen me to bear it, and invigorate me to rise under the weight of its burdens; and if the contrary is better, then bestow it upon me, and make me content with Your decree in every state; to You belongs praise.’ For when you say that, God decrees and facilitates for you what is better.” Then he (may God bless him and his family) said: “O servants of God, beware of plunging into sins and taking them lightly. By sins, abandonment overcomes their owner until it casts him into what is greater than them; he continues to sin, take it lightly, be abandoned, and fall into what is greater, until it casts him into rejecting the wilayah of the successor of the Messenger of God and denying the prophethood of God’s Prophet; and he continues thus until it casts him into denying God’s oneness and deviating in God’s religion.” Then God Most High said: “Indeed, those who believe in God and in that whose belief He has made obligatory—namely the wilayah of ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib and the pure ones from his family—and the Jews, and the Christians who claim they support one another in God’s religion, and the Sabians who claim they have turned to God’s religion though they are liars in their claim: whoever among these disbelievers believes in God and turns away from his unbelief, and whoever among these believers—in the rest of their lives—believes and fulfills the covenant and compact taken upon him for Muhammad and ‘Ali and their pure successors, and acts righteously among these believers—then for them is their reward with their Lord in the Hereafter; no fear shall be upon them when the sinners fear, nor shall they grieve when the opposers grieve, because they did not commit of opposing God that for which fear is due, nor that for which grief is due.” The Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) looked at a man and saw the trace of fear upon him, and said: “What is the matter with you?” He said: “I fear God.” He said: “O servant of God, fear your sins, and fear God’s justice upon you in the wrongs of His servants; obey Him in what He has charged you, and do not disobey Him in what sets you right; then do not fear God after that, for He does not wrong anyone nor punish him beyond his desert ever—unless you fear an evil end due to changing or being altered. If you want God to secure you from an evil end, then know that what you do of good is by God’s grace and His granting of success, and what you do of evil is by God’s giving you respite and postponement, and His forbearance toward you.”

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مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ: عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَظِيمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفُضَيْلِ، عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، قَالَ: «نَزَلَ جَبْرَئِيلُ بِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ(ص) هَكَذَا: فَبَدَّلَ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا آلَ مُحَمَّدٍ حَقَّهُمْ قَوْلًا غَيْرَ الَّذِي قِيلَ لَهُمْ، فَأَنْزَلْنَا عَلَى الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا آلَ مُحَمَّدٍ حَقَّهُمْ رِجْزًا مِنَ السَّمَاءِ بِمَا كَانُوا يَفْسُقُونَ».

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Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub: from Ahmad ibn Mihran, from ‘Abd al-‘Azim ibn ‘Abd Allah, from Muhammad ibn al-Fudayl, from Abu Hamza, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), who said: “Gabriel brought down this verse to Muhammad (may God bless him and his family) thus: ‘But those who did wrong to the Family of Muhammad by denying them their right changed the saying to other than that which had been said to them; so We sent down upon those who did wrong to the Family of Muhammad by denying them their right a punishment from heaven because they were defiantly disobedient.’”

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الْعَيَّاشِيُّ: عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ الْجَعْفَرِيِّ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ وَقُولُوا حِطَّةٌ نَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ خَطَايَاكُمْ فَقَالَ: «قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ(ع): نَحْنُ بَابُ حِطَّتِكُمْ».

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Al-‘Ayyashi: from Sulayman al-Ja‘fari, who said: I heard Abu al-Hasan al-Rida (peace be upon him) regarding God’s words, “And say: Forgiveness; We will forgive you your sins,” and he said: “Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) said: We are the gate of your forgiveness.”

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عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَمَّنْ ذَكَرَهُ: وَقُولُوا حِطَّةٌ مَغْفِرَةٌ، حُطَّ عَنَّا: أَيْ اغْفِرْ لَنَا.

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From Abu Ishaq, from the one he mentioned: “‘And say: Hitta’—[means] forgiveness; ‘put down from us’—that is, forgive us.”

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عَنْ زَيْدٍ الشَّحَّامِ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، قَالَ: «نَزَلَ جَبْرَئِيلُ بِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ: فَبَدَّلَ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا آلَ مُحَمَّدٍ حَقَّهُمْ غَيْرَ الَّذِي قِيلَ لَهُمْ، فَأَنْزَلْنَا عَلَى الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا آلَ مُحَمَّدٍ حَقَّهُمْ رِجْزًا مِنَ السَّمَاءِ بِمَا كَانُوا يَفْسُقُونَ».

99-/491

From Zayd al-Shahham, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), who said: “Gabriel brought down this verse: ‘But those who did wrong to the Family of Muhammad by denying them their right changed [it] to other than that which had been said to them; so We sent down upon those who did wrong to the Family of Muhammad by denying them their right a punishment from heaven because they were defiantly disobedient.’”

99-/492

عَنْ صَفْوَانَ الْجَمَّالِ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، قَالَ: «قَالَ اللَّهُ لِقَوْمِ مُوسَى: اُدْخُلُوا الْبَابَ سُجَّدًا وَقُولُوا حِطَّةٌ فَبَدَّلَ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا قَوْلًا غَيْرَ الَّذِي قِيلَ لَهُمْ» الآيَةَ.

99-/492

From Safwan al-Jammal, from Abu ‘Abd Allah (peace be upon him), who said: “God said to the people of Moses: ‘Enter the gate prostrating and say: Hitta (forgiveness),’ but those who did wrong changed the saying to other than that which had been said to them”—the verse.

99-/493

عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): أَنَّهُ تَلَا هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَكْفُرُونَ بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ وَيَقْتُلُونَ النَّبِيِّينَ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ ذَٰلِكَ بِمَا عَصَوْا وَكَانُوا يَعْتَدُونَ. فَقَالَ: «وَاللَّهِ، مَا ضَرَبُوهُمْ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ، وَلَا قَتَلُوهُمْ بِأَسْيَافِهِمْ، وَلَكِنْ سَمِعُوا أَحَادِيثَهُمْ فَأَذَاعُوهَا، فَأُخِذُوا عَلَيْهَا، فَقُتِلُوا، فَصَارَ قَتْلًا وَاعْتِدَاءً وَمَعْصِيَةً».

99-/493

From Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar, from Abu ‘Abd Allah (peace be upon him): that he recited this verse: “That was because they disbelieved in the signs of Allah and killed the prophets unjustly; that was because they disobeyed and exceeded the limits.” Then he said: “By God, they did not strike them with their hands nor kill them with their swords; rather they heard their teachings and divulged them; then [the prophets] were seized on account of that and were killed. So it became killing, transgression, and sin.”

99-/494

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ: بِإِسْنَادِهِ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِنَانٍ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، وَتَلَا هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَكْفُرُونَ بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ وَيَقْتُلُونَ النَّبِيِّينَ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ ذَٰلِكَ بِمَا عَصَوْا وَكَانُوا يَعْتَدُونَ. قَالَ: «وَاللَّهِ، مَا قَتَلُوهُمْ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ، وَلَا ضَرَبُوهُمْ بِأَسْيَافِهِمْ، وَلَكِنْ سَمِعُوا أَحَادِيثَهُمْ فَأَذَاعُوهَا، فَأُخِذُوا عَلَيْهَا، فَقُتِلُوا، فَصَارَ قَتْلًا وَاعْتِدَاءً وَمَعْصِيَةً».

99-/494

Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub: with his chain, from Yunus, from Ibn Sinan, from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar, from Abu ‘Abd Allah (peace be upon him). He recited this verse: “That was because they disbelieved in the signs of Allah and killed the prophets unjustly; that was because they disobeyed and exceeded the limits.” He said: “By God, they did not kill them with their hands, nor strike them with their swords; rather they heard their teachings and divulged them; then [the prophets] were seized on account of that and were killed. So it became killing, transgression, and sin.”

99-/495

سُلَيْمُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ الْهِلَالِيُّ: عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) -فِي حَدِيثٍ لَهُ مَعَ مُعَاوِيَةَ- قَالَ(ع): «يَا مُعَاوِيَةُ، إِنَّا أَهْلُ بَيْتٍ اخْتَارَ اللَّهُ لَنَا الْآخِرَةَ عَلَى الدُّنْيَا، وَلَمْ يَرْضَ لَنَا بِالدُّنْيَا ثَوَابًا. يَا مُعَاوِيَةُ، إِنَّ نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ زَكَرِيَّا قَدْ نُشِرَ بِالْمَنَاشِيرِ، وَيَحْيَى بْنَ زَكَرِيَّا قَتَلَهُ قَوْمُهُ وَهُوَ يَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى اللَّهِ، إِنَّ أَوْلِيَاءَ الشَّيْطَانِ قَدْ حَارَبُوا أَوْلِيَاءَ الرَّحْمَنِ».

99-/495

Sulaym ibn Qays al-Hilali: from the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him)—in a discourse of his with Mu‘awiya—he (peace be upon him) said: “O Mu‘awiya, we are a House for whom God has chosen the Hereafter over this world, and He has not been pleased to make this world a recompense for us. O Mu‘awiya, the prophet of God, Zakariya, was sawn in two, and Yahya ibn Zakariya was killed by his people while he was calling them to God; truly the allies of Satan have fought the allies of the All-Merciful.”

99-/496

ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ الطَّالَقَانِيُّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْكُوفِيُّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِلرِّضَا(ع): لِمَ سُمِّيَ النَّصَارَى نَصَارَى؟ قَالَ: «لِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا مِنْ قَرْيَةٍ اسْمُهَا النَّاصِرَةُ مِنْ بِلَادِ الشَّامِ، نَزَلَتْهَا مَرْيَمُ وَعِيسَى(ع) بَعْدَ رُجُوعِهِمَا مِنْ مِصْرَ».

99-/496

Ibn Babawayh said: Abu al-‘Abbas Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Ishaq al-Talaqani narrated to us, who said: Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Sa‘id al-Kufi narrated to us, who said: ‘Ali ibn al-Husayn ibn ‘Ali ibn Faddal narrated to us, from his father. He said: I said to al-Rida (peace be upon him): Why were the Christians named “Nasara”? He said: “Because they were from a town called al-Nasirah (Nazareth) in the land of al-Sham; Mary and Jesus (peace be upon them) settled there after their return from Egypt.”

/497

علي بن إبراهيم، قال: الصابئون: قوم لا مجوس ولا يهود ولا نصارى ولا مسلمون، وهم قوم يعبدون الكواكب والنجوم.

99-/497

‘Ali ibn Ibrahim said: The Sabians are a people who are neither Magians nor Jews nor Christians nor Muslims; they are a people who worship the planets and stars.

قوله تعالى:

وَ إِذْ أَخَذْنَا مِيثَاقَكُمْ وَرَفَعْنَا فَوْقَكُمُ الطُّورَ خُذُوا مَا آتَيْنَاكُمْ بِقُوَّةٍ وَاذْكُرُوا مَا فِيهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ [63]

99-/Q2:63

And when We made a covenant with you and raised the mountain over you: Take hold of what We have given you with firmness and be mindful of what is in it, so that you may guard (against evil). (al-Baqarah 2:63, M. H. Shakir)

ثُمَّ تَوَلَّيْتُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ ذَٰلِكَ فَلَوْلَا فَضْلُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَتُهُ لَكُنْتُمْ مِنَ الْخَاسِرِينَ [64]

99-/Q2:64

Then you turned back after that; so were it not for the grace of Allah and His mercy on you, you would certainly have been among the losers. (al-Baqarah 2:64, M. H. Shakir)

وَلَقَدْ عَلِمْتُمُ الَّذِينَ اعْتَدَوْا مِنْكُمْ فِي السَّبْتِ فَقُلْنَا لَهُمْ كُونُوا قِرَدَةً خَاسِئِينَ [65]

99-/Q2:65

And certainly you have known those among you who exceeded the limits on the Sabbath, so We said to them: Be (as) apes, despised and hated. (al-Baqarah 2:65, M. H. Shakir)

فَجَعَلْنَاهَا نَكَالًا لِمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهَا وَمَا خَلْفَهَا وَمَوْعِظَةً لِلْمُتَّقِينَ [66]

99-/Q2:66

So We made it an example to those who witnessed it and those who came after it, and an admonition to those who guard (against evil). (al-Baqarah 2:66, M. H. Shakir)

99-/498

ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْقَزْوِينِيُّ(رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ)، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمُظَفَّرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ أَبُو الْفَرَجِ الْقَزْوِينِيُّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْأَسَدِيُّ الْكُوفِيُّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ عِمْرَانَ النَّخَعِيُّ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ الْحُسَيْنِ …

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Ibn Babawayh said: Muhammad ibn ‘Ali al-Qazwini (may God be pleased with him) narrated to us, who said: al-Muzaffar ibn Ahmad Abu al-Faraj al-Qazwini narrated to us, who said: Muhammad ibn Ja‘far al-Asadi al-Kufi narrated to us, who said: Musa ibn ‘Imran al-Nakha‘i narrated to us, from his uncle al-Husayn …

الهوامش والمراجع:

_5) -الكافي 1:11/113.

-kitab al-Kafi 1:11/113.

_6) -الكافي 1:91/360.

-kitab al-Kafi 1:91/360.

_7) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:48.

-Tafsir al-Qummi 1:48.

[1] في المصدر: عن بعض.

[1] fi al-masdar: ‘an ba‘d.

[2] في المصدر: بشر، و كلاهما وارد، راجع معجم رجال الحديث 11:41 و 19:64.

[2] fi al-masdar: Bishr, wa kilahuma warid, raji‘ Mu‘jam Rijal al-Hadith 11:41 wa 19:64.

[3] المائدة 5:55.

[3] al-Ma’idah 5:55.

[4] النحل 16:118.

[4] al-Nahl 16:118.

[5] في المصدر: و شبعوا.

[5] fi al-masdar: wa shabi‘u.

_1) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السّلام):127/259-133.

-al-Tafsir al-mansub ila al-Imam al-‘Askari (alayhi al-salam): 127/259-133.

[1] أريحا: مدينة بفلسطين.

[1] Ariha: madinah bi-Filastin.

[1] في «ط»: يقيم.

[1] fi “T”: yuqim.

[2] نقد الدراهم: ميّز جيّدها من رديئها.

[2] naqd al-darahi m: mayyaza jayyidaha min radi’iha.

[3] القراضة: ما سقط بالقرض.

[3] al-qirada: ma saqata bil-qard.

[4] في المصدر: شئت.

[4] fi al-masdar: shi’ta.

[5] الازورار عن الشيء: العدول عنه.

[5] al-izwirar ‘an al-shay’: al-‘udul ‘anhu.

[1] في المصدر زيادة: نعم.

[1] fi al-masdar ziyadah: na‘am.

[2] الحدس: الظنّ و التخمين، و يحدس: يقول شيئا برأيه. وفي «س»: تخزينّ، و في «ط»: تجزينّ.

[2] al-hads: al-zann wa al-takhmin, wa yahdusu: yaqulu shay’an bi-ra’yih. Wa fi “S”: takhzinn, wa fi “T”: tajzinn.

[3] في المصدر زيادة: هذا.

[3] fi al-masdar ziyadah: hatha.

[4] في المصدر زيادة: ممّا جنى.

[4] fi al-masdar ziyadah: mimma jana.

[5] صبأ: خرج من دين إلى دين.

[5] saba’a: kharaja min din ila din.

[6] في المصدر زيادة: و أخلص.

[6] fi al-masdar ziyadah: wa akhlasa.

_2) -الكافي 1:58/350.

-kitab al-Kafi 1:58/350.

_3) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:47/45.

-Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:47/45.

_4) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:48/45.

-Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:48/45.

_5) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:49/45.

-Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:49/45.

_6) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:50/45.

-Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:50/45.

_7) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:51/45.

-Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:51/45.

_8) -الكافي 2:6/275.

-kitab al-Kafi 2:6/275.

_9) -كتاب سليم بن قيس الهلالي:158.

-Kitab Sulaym ibn Qays al-Hilali: 158.

[1] زاد في «س»: عن صفوان، و الظاهر أنّها: عن صفوان، عن زيد الشّحام…

[1] zad fi “S”: ‘an Safwan, wa al-zahir annaha: ‘an Safwan, ‘an Zayd al-Shahham…

_10) -علل الشرائع:1/81، و عيون أخبار الرّضا(عليه السّلام) 2:10/79.

-‘Ilal al-Shara’i‘ 1:81, wa ‘Uyun Akhbar al-Rida (alayhi al-salam) 2:10/79.

_11) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:48.

-Tafsir al-Qummi 1:48.

_1) -علل الشرائع:1/67.

-‘Ilal al-Shara’i‘ 1:67.

[1] في المصدر: و يحيى ذبح و قتله.

[1] fi al-masdar: wa Yahya dubiha wa qatlah.

[2] الناصرة: قرية بينها و بين طبريّة ثلاثة عشر ميلا…

[2] al-Nasirah: qaryah baynaha wa bayna Tabariyyah thalathata ‘ashar milan…