Al-Isra Ayah 23-24

الإسراء آيه 23-24

وَ قَضىٰ رَبُّكَ أَلاّٰ تَعْبُدُوا إِلاّٰ إِيّٰاهُ وَ بِالْوٰالِدَيْنِ إِحْسٰاناً -إلى قوله تعالى- وَ قُلْ رَبِّ ارْحَمْهُمٰا كَمٰا رَبَّيٰانِي صَغِيراً [23-24]

(Qur’an 17:23-24, M. H. Shakir)

And your Lord has commanded that you shall not serve (any) but Him, and goodness to your parents; if either or both of them reach old age with you, say not to them Uff nor chide them, and speak to them a generous word. And lower to them the wing of humility out of mercy and say: My Lord! have mercy on them, as they brought me up (when I was) little.

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ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَطَّانُ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ السُّكَّرِيُّ،قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ زَكَرِيَّا الْجَوْهَرِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ بَكَّارٍ الضَّبِّيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْهُذَلِيُّ،عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ،عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ،عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)-فِي حَدِيثٍ-قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ،فَمَا الْقَضَاءُ وَ الْقَدَرُ اللَّذَانِ سَاقَانَا،وَ مَا هَبَطْنَا وَادِياً وَ لاَ عَلَوْنَا تَلْعَةً إِلاَّ بِهِمَا؟ فَقَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«الْأَمْرُ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَ الْحُكْمُ-ثُمَّ تَلاَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ-: وَ قَضىٰ رَبُّكَ أَلاّٰ تَعْبُدُوا إِلاّٰ إِيّٰاهُ وَ بِالْوٰالِدَيْنِ إِحْسٰاناً أَيْ أَمَرَ رَبُّكَ أَلاَّ تَعْبُدُوا إِلاَّ إِيَّاهُ وَ بِالْوَالِدَيْنِ إِحْسَاناً».

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Ibn Bābawayh said: Ahmad b. al-Hasan al-Qattān narrated to us, he said: al-Hasan b. ‘Alī al-Sukkari narrated to us, he said: Muhammad b. Zakarīyā al-Jawharī narrated to us, he said: al-‘Abbās b. Bakkār al-Dabbī narrated to us, he said: Abū Bakr al-Hudhalī, from ‘Ikrima, from Ibn ‘Abbās, from the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him)—in a report—said: The shaykh said: O Commander of the Faithful, what are the decree and the destiny that drive us, so that we do not descend into a valley nor ascend a rise except by them? The Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) said: “The command is from Allah and the judgment.” Then he recited this verse: “And your Lord has decreed that you shall not worship any but Him and goodness to your parents” (Qur’an 17:23–24, Shakir), that is, Your Lord commanded that you shall not worship any but Him and [that you show] goodness to parents.

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الطَّبْرِسِيُّ فِي(الْإِحْتِجَاجِ):عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عُمَيْرِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ الشَّامِيِّ،قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُوسَى الرِّضَا(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)بِمَرْوَ،فَقُلْتُ لَهُ:يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ،رُوِيَ لَنَا عَنِ الصَّادِقِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)،أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لاَ جَبْرَ وَ لاَ تَفْوِيضَ،بَلْ أَمْرٌ بَيْنَ أَمْرَيْنِ»مَا مَعْنَاهُ؟فَقَالَ:«مَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَفْعَلُ أَفْعَالَنَا ثُمَّ يُعَذِّبُنَا عَلَيْهَا فَقَدْ قَالَ بِالْجَبْرِ،وَ مَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ فَوَّضَ أَمْرَ الْخَلْقِ وَ الرِّزْقِ إِلَى حُجَجِهِ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)فَقَدْ قَالَ بِالتَّفْوِيضِ،وَ الْقَائِلُ بِالْجَبْرِ كَافِرٌ، وَ الْقَائِلُ بِالتَّفْوِيضِ مُشْرِكٌ». فَقُلْتُ:يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ،فَمَا أَمْرٌ بَيْنَ أَمْرَيْنِ؟فَقَالَ:«وُجُودُ السَّبِيلِ إِلَى إِتْيَانِ مَا أُمِرُوا بِهِ،وَ تَرْكِ مَا نُهُوا عَنْهُ». قُلْتُ لَهُ:وَ هَلْ لِلَّهِ مَشِيئَةٌ وَ إِرَادَةٌ فِي ذَلِكَ؟فَقَالَ:«أَمَّا الطَّاعَاتُ فَإِرَادَةُ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى وَ مَشِيئَتُهُ فِيهَا الْأَمْرُ بِهَا،وَ الرِّضَا لَهَا،وَ الْمُعَاوَنَةُ عَلَيْهَا،وَ إِرَادَتُهُ وَ مَشِيئَتُهُ فِي الْمَعَاصِي النَّهْيُ عَنْهَا،وَ السَّخَطُ لَهَا،وَ الْخِذْلاَنُ عَلَيْهَا». قُلْتُ:فَلِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ[فِيهَا]الْقَضَاءُ؟قَالَ:«نَعَمْ،مَا مِنْ فِعْلٍ يَفْعَلُهُ الْعِبَادُ مِنْ خَيْرٍ أَوْ شَرٍَّّ إِلاَّ وَ لِلَّهِ فِيهِ قَضَاءٌ». قُلْتُ:فَمَا مَعْنَى هَذَا الْقَضَاءِ؟قَالَ:«الْحُكْمُ عَلَيْهِمْ بِمَا يَسْتَحِقُّونَهُ مِنَ الثَّوَابِ وَ الْعِقَابِ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَ الْآخِرَةِ».

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Al-Ṭabrisī in (al-Ihtijāj): From Yazīd b. ‘Umayr b. Mu‘āwiyah al-Shāmī, who said: I entered upon ‘Alī b. Mūsā al-Riḍā (peace be upon him) in Marw, and I said to him: O son of the Messenger of Allah, it is narrated to us from al-Ṣādiq Ja‘far b. Muhammad (peace be upon them) that he said: “There is neither compulsion nor delegation, but a matter between two matters.” What is its meaning? He said: “Whoever claims that Allah performs our actions and then punishes us for them has asserted compulsion; and whoever claims that Allah has delegated the affair of creation and provision to His Proofs (peace be upon them) has asserted delegation. The one who asserts compulsion is an unbeliever, and the one who asserts delegation is a polytheist.” I said: O son of the Messenger of Allah, then what is the matter between two matters? He said: “It is the existence of the way to do what they were commanded to do and to leave what they were prohibited from.” I said to him: And does Allah have will and desire in that? He said: “As for acts of obedience, Allah’s will and desire therein is His command for them, His pleasure with them, and His assistance upon them; and His will and desire with respect to acts of disobedience is His prohibition of them, His displeasure with them, and His forsaking concerning them.” I said: Then does Allah, Mighty and Majestic, have decree in that? He said: “Yes. There is no act that the servants perform, of good or evil, except that Allah has a decree in it.” I said: What is the meaning of this decree? He said: “It is His judgment upon them regarding what they deserve of reward and punishment in this world and the Hereafter.”

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مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى وَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ جَمِيعاً،عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ،عَنْ أَبِي وَلاَّدٍ الْحَنَّاطِ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ بِالْوٰالِدَيْنِ إِحْسٰاناً مَا هَذَا الْإِحْسَانُ؟ فَقَالَ:«الْإِحْسَانُ:أَنْ تُحْسِنَ صُحْبَتَهُمَا،وَ لاَ تُكَلِّفَهُمَا أَنْ يَسْأَلاَكَ شَيْئاً مِمَّا يَحْتَاجَانِ إِلَيْهِ،وَ إِنْ كَانَا مُسْتَغْنِيَيْنِ، أَ لَيْسَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ: لَنْ تَنٰالُوا الْبِرَّ حَتّٰى تُنْفِقُوا مِمّٰا تُحِبُّونَ [1]؟». قَالَ:ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«وَ أَمَّا قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: إِمّٰا يَبْلُغَنَّ عِنْدَكَ الْكِبَرَ أَحَدُهُمٰا أَوْ كِلاٰهُمٰا فَلاٰ تَقُلْ لَهُمٰا أُفٍّ وَ لاٰ تَنْهَرْهُمٰا -قَالَ-إِنْ أَضْجَرَاكَ فَلاَ تَقُلْ لَهُمَا أُفٍّ،وَ لاَ تَنْهَرْهُمَا إِنْ ضَرَبَاكَ-قَالَ- وَ قُلْ لَهُمٰا قَوْلاً كَرِيماً -قَالَ-إِنْ ضَرَبَاكَ فَقُلْ لَهُمَا:غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَكُمَا؛فَذَلِكَ مِنْكَ قَوْلٌ كَرِيمٌ-قَالَ- وَ اخْفِضْ لَهُمٰا جَنٰاحَ الذُّلِّ مِنَ الرَّحْمَةِ -قَالَ-لاَ تَمْلَأْ عَيْنَيْكَ مِنَ النَّظَرِ إِلَيْهِمَا إِلاَّ بِرَحْمَةٍ وَ رِقَّةٍ،وَ لاَ تَرْفَعْ صَوْتَكَ فَوْقَ أَصْوَاتِهِمَا،وَ لاَ يَدَكَ فَوْقَ أَيْدِيهِمَا،وَ لاَ تَتَقَدَّمْ قُدَّامَهُمَا». وَ رَوَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ فِي(الْفَقِيهِ):بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ،عَنْ أَبِي وَلاَّدٍ الْحَنَّاطِ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ جَعْفَرَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّادِقَ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)،عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: وَ بِالْوٰالِدَيْنِ إِحْسٰاناً وَ ذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِعَيْنِهِ [2].

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Muhammad b. Ya‘qūb: from Muhammad b. Yaḥyā, from Aḥmad b. Muhammad b. ‘Īsā and ‘Alī b. Ibrāhīm, from his father, all from al-Ḥasan b. Maḥbūb, from Abū Walād al-Ḥannāṭ, who said: I asked Abū ‘Abd Allāh (peace be upon him) about the word of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: “and [do] good to parents”—what is this goodness? He said: “Goodness is that you treat them with excellent companionship and that you do not make them have to ask you for anything they need, even if they are well-off. Does not Allah, Mighty and Majestic, say: ‘By no means shall you attain to righteousness until you spend (benevolently) out of what you love’ (Qur’an 3:92, Shakir)?” He said: Then Abū ‘Abd Allāh (peace be upon him) said: “As for the word of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: ‘If either or both of them reach old age with you, say not to them Uff nor chide them, and speak to them a generous word’ (Qur’an 17:23, Shakir)—[it means]: if they annoy you, do not say to them ‘Uff’; and do not rebuke them even if they strike you. And [regarding] ‘and speak to them a generous word’—[it means]: if they strike you, then say to them, ‘May Allah forgive you both’; that from you is a generous word. And [regarding] ‘and lower to them the wing of humility out of mercy’ (Qur’an 17:24, Shakir)—[it means]: do not fill your eyes with looking at them except with mercy and tenderness; and do not raise your voice above their voices; and not your hand above their hands; and do not walk ahead of them.” And Ibn Bābawayh narrated this hadith in (al-Fiqh): with his chain from al-Ḥasan b. Maḥbūb, from Abū Walād al-Ḥannāṭ, who said: I asked Abū ‘Abd Allāh Ja‘far b. Muhammad al-Ṣādiq (peace be upon them) about the word of Allah, Exalted: “and [do] good to parents,” and he related the very same hadith [2].

_1) -التوحيد:382 ذيل حديث 28.

_1) -al-Tawḥīd: 382 dhayl ḥadīth 28.

_2) -الإحتجاج:414.

_2) -al-Iḥtijāj: 414.

_3) -الكافي 2:1/126.

_3) -al-Kāfī 2:1/126.

أَ لَيْسَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ: لَنْ تَنٰالُوا الْبِرَّ حَتّٰى تُنْفِقُوا مِمّٰا تُحِبُّونَ [1]؟

A-laysa Allāhu ‘azza wa jalla yaqūlu: lan tanālū al-birra ḥattā tunfiqū mimmā tuḥibbūn [1]?

[Qur’an 3:92, M. H. Shakir] By no means shall you attain to righteousness until you spend (benevolently) out of what you love.

_4) -الكافي 2:1/260.

_4) -al-Kāfī 2:1/260.

_5) -الكافي 2:7/261.

_5) -al-Kāfī 2:7/261.

_6) -الكافي 2:9/261.

_6) -al-Kāfī 2:9/261.

_7) -كتاب الزهد:38:103.

_7) -Kitāb al-Zuhd: 38:103.

_8) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:36/284.

_8) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:36/284.

[1] آل عمران 3:92.

[1] Āl ‘Imrān 3:92.

[2] من لا يحضره الفقيه 4:880/291.

[2] Man lā yaḥḍuruhu al-Faqīh 4:880/291.

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وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ،عَنْ حَدِيدِ بْنِ حُكَيْمٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: «أَدْنَى الْعُقُوقِ أُفٍّ،وَ لَوْ عَلِمَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ شَيْئاً أَهْوَنَ مِنْهُ لَنَهَى عَنْهُ».

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And from him: from Muhammad b. Yaḥyā, from Aḥmad b. Muhammad b. ‘Īsā, from Muhammad b. Sinān, from Ḥadīd b. Ḥukaym, from Abū ‘Abd Allāh (peace be upon him), who said: “The least degree of undutifulness is ‘Uff’; and if Allah, Mighty and Majestic, had known anything lighter than it, He would have forbidden it.”

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وَ عَنْهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَبِي الْبِلاَدِ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ جَدِّهِ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) قَالَ: «لَوْ عَلِمَ اللَّهُ شَيْئاً أَدْنَى مِنْ أُفٍّ لَنَهَى عَنْهُ وَ هُوَ مِنْ أَدْنَى الْعُقُوقِ،وَ مِنَ الْعُقُوقِ أَنْ يَنْظُرَ الرَّجُلُ إِلَى وَالِدَيْهِ فَيُحِدَّ النَّظَرَ إِلَيْهِمَا».

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And from him, with his chain, from Yaḥyā b. Ibrāhīm b. Abī al-Bilād, from his father, from his grandfather, from Abū ‘Abd Allāh (peace be upon him), who said: “If Allah had known anything lesser than ‘Uff,’ He would have forbidden it; and it is among the least forms of undutifulness. And among undutifulness is that a man looks at his parents and sharpens his gaze at them.”

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وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ أَبِي عَلِيٍّ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ مُحَسِّنِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ،عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ،عَنْ حَدِيدِ بْنِ حُكَيْمٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «أَدْنَى الْعُقُوقِ أُفٍّ،وَ لَوْ عَلِمَ اللَّهُ أَيْسَرَ مِنْهُ لَنَهَى عَنْهُ».

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And from him: from Abū ‘Alī al-Ash‘arī, from Aḥmad b. Muhammad, from Muḥassin b. Aḥmad, from Abān b. ‘Uthmān, from Ḥadīd b. Ḥukaym, from Abū ‘Abd Allāh (peace be upon him), who said: “The least degree of undutifulness is ‘Uff’; and if Allah had known something easier than it, He would have forbidden it.”

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الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ فِي(كِتَابِ الزُّهْدِ):عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَبِي الْبِلاَدِ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «لَوْ عَلِمَ اللَّهُ شَيْئاً أَدْنَى مِنْ أُفٍّ لَنَهَى عَنْهُ،وَ هُوَ أَدْنَى الْعُقُوقِ،وَ مِنَ الْعُقُوقِ:أَنْ يَنْظُرَ الرَّجُلُ إِلَى أَبَوَيْهِ فَيُحِدَّ إِلَيْهِمَا النَّظَرَ».

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Al-Ḥusayn b. Sa‘īd in (Kitāb al-Zuhd): from Ibrāhīm b. Abī al-Bilād, from his father, from Abū ‘Abd Allāh (peace be upon him), who said: “If Allah had known anything lesser than ‘Uff,’ He would have forbidden it, and it is the least of undutifulness. And among undutifulness is that a man looks at his parents and fixes a hard gaze upon them.”

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الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ): أَنَّهُ ذَكَرَ الْوَالِدَيْنِ،فَقَالَ:«هُمَا اللَّذَانِ قَالَ اللَّهُ: وَ قَضىٰ رَبُّكَ أَلاّٰ تَعْبُدُوا إِلاّٰ إِيّٰاهُ وَ بِالْوٰالِدَيْنِ إِحْسٰاناً ».

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Al-‘Ayyāshī: from Abū Baṣīr, from one of the two (peace be upon them), that he mentioned the parents and said: “They are those concerning whom Allah said: ‘And your Lord has decreed that you shall not worship any but Him and [that you show] goodness to parents’” (Qur’an 17:23, Shakir).

_9) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:37/285.

_9) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:37/285.

_10) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:38/285.

_10) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:38/285.

_11) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:39/285.

_11) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:39/285.

_12) -مجمع البيان 6:631.

_12) -Majma‘ al-Bayān 6:631.

_13) -مجمع البيان 6:631.

_13) -Majma‘ al-Bayān 6:631.

_1) -مجمع البيان 6:632.

_1) -Majma‘ al-Bayān 6:632.

[1] آل عمران 3:92.

[1] Āl ‘Imrān 3:92.

[2] في المصدر:لفظة.

[2] fī al-maṣdar: lafẓah.

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عَنْ جَابِرٍ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ إِمّٰا يَبْلُغَنَّ عِنْدَكَ الْكِبَرَ أَحَدُهُمٰا أَوْ كِلاٰهُمٰا فَلاٰ تَقُلْ لَهُمٰا أُفٍّ وَ لاٰ تَنْهَرْهُمٰا ،قَالَ:«هُوَ أَدْنَى الْأَدْنَى،حَرَّمَهُ اللَّهُ فَمَا فَوْقَهُ».

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From Jābir, from Abū Ja‘far (peace be upon him), regarding the word of Allah, “If either or both of them reach old age with you, say not to them Uff nor chide them” (Qur’an 17:23, Shakir). He said: “It is the least of the least; Allah has forbidden it, so how much more what is above it.”

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عَنْ حَرِيزٍ،قَالَ:سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يَقُولُ: «أَدْنَى الْعُقُوقِ أُفٍّ،وَ لَوْ عَلِمَ اللَّهُ أَنَّ شَيْئاً أَهْوَنُ مِنْهُ لَنَهَى عَنْهُ».

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From Ḥarīz, who said: I heard Abū ‘Abd Allāh (peace be upon him) say: “The least degree of undutifulness is ‘Uff’; and if Allah had known something lighter than it, He would have forbidden it.”

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عَنْ أَبِي وَلاَّدٍ الْحَنَّاطِ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: وَ بِالْوٰالِدَيْنِ إِحْسٰاناً . فَقَالَ:«الْإِحْسَانُ:أَنْ تُحْسِنَ صُحْبَتَهُمَا،وَ لاَ تُكَلِّفَهُمَا أَنْ يَسْأَلاَكَ شَيْئاً مِمَّا يَحْتَاجَانِ إِلَيْهِ،وَ إِنْ كَانَا مُسْتَغْنِيَيْنِ، أَ لَيْسَ اللَّهُ يَقُولُ: لَنْ تَنٰالُوا الْبِرَّ حَتّٰى تُنْفِقُوا مِمَّا تُحِبُّونَ [1]؟». ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«وَ أَمَّا قَوْلُهُ: إِمّٰا يَبْلُغَنَّ عِنْدَكَ الْكِبَرَ أَحَدُهُمٰا أَوْ كِلاٰهُمٰا فَلاٰ تَقُلْ لَهُمٰا أُفٍّ - قَالَ-إِنْ أَضْجَرَاكَ فَلاَ تَقُلْ لَهُمَا أُفٍّ،وَ لاَ تَنْهَرْهُمَا إِنْ ضَرَبَاكَ-وَ قَالَ- وَ قُلْ لَهُمٰا قَوْلاً كَرِيماً -قَالَ-يَقُولُ لَهُمَا: غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَكُمَا،فَذَلِكَ مِنْهُ قَوْلٌ كَرِيمٌ-وَ قَالَ- وَ اخْفِضْ لَهُمٰا جَنٰاحَ الذُّلِّ مِنَ الرَّحْمَةِ -قَالَ-لاَ تَمْلَأْ عَيْنَيْكَ مِنَ النَّظَرِ إِلَيْهِمَا إِلاَّ بِرَحْمَةٍ وَ رِقَّةٍ،وَ لاَ تَرْفَعْ صَوْتَكَ فَوْقَ أَصْوَاتِهِمَا،وَ لاَ يَدَيْكَ فَوْقَ أَيْدِيهِمَا،وَ لاَ تَتَقَدَّمْ قُدَّامَهُمَا».

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From Abū Walād al-Ḥannāṭ, who said: I asked Abū ‘Abd Allāh (peace be upon him) about the word of Allah: “and [do] good to parents.” He said: “Goodness is that you treat them with excellent companionship and that you do not make them have to ask you for anything they need, even if they are well-off. Does not Allah say: ‘By no means shall you attain to righteousness until you spend (benevolently) out of what you love’ (Qur’an 3:92, Shakir)?” Then Abū ‘Abd Allāh (peace be upon him) said: “As for His saying: ‘If either or both of them reach old age with you, say not to them Uff’—[it means]: if they annoy you, do not say to them ‘Uff’; and do not rebuke them even if they strike you. And He said: ‘and speak to them a generous word’—[that is]: he should say to them, ‘May Allah forgive you both’; that from him is a generous word. And He said: ‘and lower to them the wing of humility out of mercy’—[that is]: do not fill your eyes with looking at them except with mercy and tenderness; and do not raise your voice above their voices; and not your hands above their hands; and do not walk ahead of them.” (Qur’an 17:23–24, Shakir)

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الطَّبْرِسِيُّ:رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُوسَى الرِّضَا(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ جَدِّهِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ) قَالَ: «لَوْ عَلِمَ اللَّهُ كَلِمَةً أَوْجَزَ فِي تَرْكِ عُقُوقِ الْوَالِدَيْنِ مِنْ(أُفٍّ)لَأَتَى بِهَا».

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Al-Ṭabrisī: It is narrated from ‘Alī b. Mūsā al-Riḍā (peace be upon him), from his father, from his grandfather Abū ‘Abd Allāh (peace be upon them), who said: “If Allah had known a word more concise than ‘Uff’ for refraining from undutifulness to parents, He would have brought it.”

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قَالَ:وَ فِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى عَنْهُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «أَدْنَى الْعُقُوقِ(أُفٍّ)وَ لَوْ عَلِمَ اللَّهُ شَيْئاً أَيْسَرَ وَ أَهْوَنَ مِنْهُ لَنَهَى عَنْهُ».

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He said: And in another narration from him (peace be upon him), he said: “The least degree of undutifulness is ‘Uff’; and if Allah had known something easier and lighter than it, He would have forbidden it.”

قوله تعالى:

فَإِنَّهُ كٰانَ لِلْأَوّٰابِينَ غَفُوراً [25]

(Qur’an 17:25, M. H. Shakir)

Your Lord best knows what is in your minds; if you are good, then He is surely Forgiving to those who turn (to Him) frequently.

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الطَّبْرِسِيُّ:عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) «الْأَوَّابُ:اَلتَّوَّابُ الْمُتَعَبِّدُ،الرَّاجِعُ عَنْ ذَنْبِهِ».

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Al-Ṭabrisī: From Abū ‘Abd Allāh (peace be upon him): “Al-Awwāb: the oft-repentant, devoted worshipper, the one who returns from his sin.”