S 2 A 187

99-/879 _4- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ: عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي يَعْفُورٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، فِي قَوْلِهِ: فَلْيَسْتَجِيبُوا لِي وَلْيُؤْمِنُوا بِي.

99-/879 _4- He said: “They should know that I am able to grant them what they ask.”

99-/880 _5- أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الطَّبْرِسِيُّ: رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «أَعْجَزُ النَّاسِ مَنْ عَجَزَ عَنِ الدُّعَاءِ، وَأَبْخَلُ النَّاسِ مَنْ بَخِلَ بِالسَّلاَمِ».

99-/880 _5- It is narrated from the Prophet (may Allah bless him and his family) that he said: “The most incapable of people is the one who is incapable of supplication, and the most miserly of people is the one who is miserly with greeting [salām].”

99-/881 _6- وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «وَلْيُؤْمِنُوا بِي أَيْ وَلْيَتَحَقَّقُوا أَنِّي قَادِرٌ عَلَى إِعْطَائِهِمْ مَا سَأَلُوهُ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْشُدُونَ أَيْ لَعَلَّهُمْ يُصِيبُونَ الْحَقَّ، أَيْ يَهْتَدُونَ إِلَيْهِ».

99-/881 _6- It is narrated from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) that he said: “‘And let them believe in Me’—that is, let them be certain that I am able to give them what they have asked—‘so that they may be rightly guided,’ that is, so that they may attain the truth, that is, be guided to it.”

قوله تعالى:

أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ الصِّيٰامِ الرَّفَثُ إِلَىٰ نِسَائِكُمْ هُنَّ لِبَاسٌ لَكُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ لِبَاسٌ لَهُنَّ عَلِمَ اللَّهُ أَنَّكُمْ كُنْتُمْ تَخْتَانُونَ أَنْفُسَكُمْ فَتَابَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَعَفَا عَنْكُمْ فَالْآنَ بَاشِرُوهُنَّ وَابْتَغُوا مَا كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّىٰ يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيَامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ [187]

(Qur’an 2:187) M. H. Shakir: It is made lawful to you to go in to your wives on the night of the fast; they are an apparel for you and you are an apparel for them. Allah knew that you acted unfaithfully to yourselves, so He turned to you (mercifully) and pardoned you; so now be in contact with them and seek what Allah has ordained for you, and eat and drink until the white thread becomes distinct to you from the black thread of the dawn, then complete the fast till night.

99-/882 _1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ: عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ، وَأَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ ابْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، جَمِيعًا، عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنِ ابْنِ مُسْكَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ، عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)، فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ الصِّيٰامِ الرَّفَثُ إِلَىٰ نِسَائِكُمْ.

قَالَ: «نَزَلَتْ فِي خَوَّاتِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ [1]، وَكَانَ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) فِي الْخَنْدَقِ وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ، فَأَمْسَى وَهُوَ عَلَى تِلْكَ الْحَالِ، وَكَانُوا قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْزِلَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ، إِذَا نَامَ أَحَدُهُمْ حَرُمَ عَلَيْهِ الطَّعَامُ وَالشَّرَابُ، فَجَاءَ خَوَّاتٌ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ حِينَ أَمْسَوْا [1]، فَقَالَ: هَلْ عِنْدَكُمْ طَعَامٌ؟ فَقَالُوا: لَا، لَا تَنَمْ حَتَّى نُصْلِحَ لَكَ طَعَامًا، فَاتَّكَأَ فَنَامَ، فَقَالُوا لَهُ: قَدْ فَعَلْتَ، قَالَ: نَعَمْ. فَبَاتَ عَلَى تِلْكَ الْحَالِ فَأَصْبَحَ، ثُمَّ غَدَا إِلَى الْخَنْدَقِ فَجَعَلَ يُغْشَى [2] عَلَيْهِ، فَمَرَّ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)، فَلَمَّا رَأَى الَّذِي بِهِ أَخْبَرَهُ كَيْفَ كَانَ أَمْرُهُ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فِيهِ الْآيَةَ: وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ».

99-/882 _1- He said: “It was revealed about Khawwāt b. Jubayr al-Ansari [1]. He was with the Prophet (may Allah bless him and his family) in the Trench while fasting. Evening came and he was still in that state. Before this verse was revealed, if one of them slept, food and drink became forbidden to him. Khawwāt came to his family when evening fell [1] and said, ‘Do you have any food?’ They said, ‘No; do not sleep until we prepare food for you.’ He reclined and fell asleep. They said to him, ‘You did that?’ He said, ‘Yes.’ So he spent the night like that and awoke, then went out to the trench, and he began to faint [2]. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) passed by him, and when he saw what was with him, he informed him how his situation had been. Then Allah, Mighty and Majestic, revealed about him the verse: ‘And eat and drink until the white thread becomes distinct to you from the black thread of the dawn’ (Qur’an 2:187).”

99-/883 _2- وَعَنْهُ: عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، جَمِيعًا، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ، عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) عَنْ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ.

فَقَالَ: «بَيَاضُ النَّهَارِ مِنْ سَوَادِ اللَّيْلِ».

99-/883 _2- He said: “The whiteness of the day from the darkness of the night.”

<<some translation missing>>

99-/884 _3- وَعَنْهُ: عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ جَدِّهِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ رَاشِدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، قَالَ: «حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ جَدِّي، عَنْ آبَائِهِ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ): أَنَّ عَلِيًّا(صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ) قَالَ: يُسْتَحَبُّ لِلرَّجُلِ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ أَهْلَهُ أَوَّلَ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ، لِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ الصِّيٰامِ الرَّفَثُ إِلَىٰ نِسَائِكُمْ، وَالرَّفَثُ: الْمُجَامَعَةُ».

99-/884 _3- He said: “My father narrated to me, from my grandfather, from his forefathers (peace be upon them), that ‘Ali (God’s blessings upon him) said: It is recommended for a man to go to his family on the first night of the month of Ramadan, due to the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: ‘It is made lawful to you on the night of the fast to be intimate with your wives,’ and rafath means sexual intercourse.”

99-/885 _4- وَعَنْهُ: عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى، عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْمٍ صَامُوا شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ، فَغَشِيَهُمْ سَحَابٌ أَسْوَدُ عِنْدَ غُرُوبِ الشَّمْسِ، فَظَنُّوا أَنَّهُ لَيْلٌ فَأَفْطَرُوا، ثُمَّ إِنَّ السَّحَابَ انْجَلَى فَإِذَا الشَّمْسُ.

فَقَالَ: «عَلَى الَّذِي أَفْطَرَ قَضَاءُ [3] ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَقُولُ: ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيَامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ».

99-/885 _4- He said: “I asked him about a people who fasted in the month of Ramadan, and a black cloud covered them at sunset, so they thought it was night and they broke the fast. Then the cloud cleared and behold, the sun. He said: ‘Whoever broke the fast must make up [3] that day, for Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says: Then complete the fast until the night (Qur’an 2:187).’”

99-/886 _5- وَعَنْهُ: عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ، وَسَمَاعَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)، فِي قَوْمٍ صَامُوا شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ، فَغَشِيَهُمْ سَحَابٌ أَسْوَدُ عِنْدَ غُرُوبِ الشَّمْسِ، فَرَأَوْا أَنَّهُ اللَّيْلُ، فَأَفْطَرَ بَعْضُهُمْ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ السَّحَابَ انْجَلَى فَإِذَا الشَّمْسُ.

قَالَ: «عَلَى الَّذِي أَفْطَرَ صِيَامُ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَقُولُ: ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيَامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ، فَمَنْ أَكَلَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ اللَّيْلُ فَعَلَيْهِ قَضَاؤُهُ، لِأَنَّهُ أَكَلَ مُتَعَمِّدًا».

99-/886 _5- He said: “Whoever among them broke the fast must fast that day [again], for Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says: Then complete the fast until the night (Qur’an 2:187). Whoever eats before the night enters must make it up, because he ate deliberately.”

99-/887 _6- الشَّيْخُ فِي(التَّهْذِيبِ): بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى، عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ الْحُصَيْنِ بْنِ أَبِي الْحُصَيْنِ، قَالَ: كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ، اخْتَلَفَ مَوَالِيكَ فِي صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ؛ فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يُصَلِّي إِذَا طَلَعَ الْفَجْرُ الْأَوَّلُ الْمُسْتَطِيلُ فِي السَّمَاءِ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يُصَلِّي إِذَا اعْتَرَضَ فِي أَسْفَلِ الْأَرْضِ وَاسْتَبَانَ. وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: فَكَتَبَ بِخَطِّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «الْفَجْرُ—رَحِمَكَ اللَّهُ—الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ، وَلَيْسَ هُوَ الْأَبْيَضَ صُعَدَاءَ، وَلَا تُصَلِّ فِي سَفَرٍ وَلَا [1] حَضَرٍ حَتَّى تَتَبَيَّنَهُ—رَحِمَكَ اللَّهُ—فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَمْ يَجْعَلْ خَلْقَهُ فِي شُبْهَةٍ مِنْ هَذَا، فَقَالَ: كُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ، فَالْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ هُوَ الْفَجْرُ الَّذِي يَحْرُمُ بِهِ الْأَكْلُ وَالشُّرْبُ فِي الصِّيَامِ، وَكَذَلِكَ هُوَ الَّذِي يُوجِبُ الصَّلَاةَ».

99-/887 _6- He wrote to Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him): “May I be your ransom, your followers differ regarding the dawn prayer: some pray when the first elongated dawn appears in the sky, and some pray when it spreads horizontally near the horizon and becomes clear.” He mentioned the report until he said: He wrote in his own hand (peace be upon him): “Dawn—may Allah have mercy on you—is the white thread; it is not the vertical whiteness. Do not pray—whether travelling or [1] resident—until you discern it—may Allah have mercy on you—for Allah has not left His creation in doubt about this. He said: ‘Eat and drink until the white thread becomes distinct to you from the black thread of the dawn’ (Qur’an 2:187). The white thread is the dawn by which eating and drinking become forbidden in fasting, and likewise it is what makes the prayer obligatory.”

99-/888 _7- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، رَفَعَهُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الصَّادِقُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «كَانَ الْأَكْلُ وَالنِّكَاحُ مُحَرَّمَيْنِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ بِاللَّيْلِ بَعْدَ النَّوْمِ، يَعْنِي كُلُّ مَنْ صَلَّى الْعِشَاءَ وَنَامَ وَلَمْ يُفْطِرْ ثُمَّ انْتَبَهَ، حَرُمَ عَلَيْهِ الْإِفْطَارُ، وَكَانَ النِّكَاحُ حَرَامًا فِي اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ. وَكَانَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) يُقَالُ لَهُ: خَوَّاتُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، أَخُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، الَّذِي كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) وَكَلَهُ بِفَمِ الشِّعْبِ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ مَعَ خَمْسِينَ مِنَ الرُّمَاةِ، فَفَارَقَهُ أَصْحَابُهُ وَبَقِيَ فِي اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ رَجُلًا، فَقُتِلَ عَلَى بَابِ الشِّعْبِ. وَكَانَ أَخُوهُ هَذَا خَوَّاتُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ شَيْخًا كَبِيرًا ضَعِيفًا، وَكَانَ صَائِمًا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) فِي الْخَنْدَقِ، فَجَاءَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ حِينَ أَمْسَى، فَقَالَ: عِنْدَكُمْ طَعَامٌ؟ فَقَالُوا: لَا تَنَمْ حَتَّى نَصْنَعَ لَكَ طَعَامًا، فَأَبْطَأَتْ عَلَيْهِ أَهْلُهُ بِالطَّعَامِ، فَنَامَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُفْطِرَ، فَلَمَّا انْتَبَهَ قَالَ لِأَهْلِهِ: قَدْ حُرِّمَ [2] عَلَيَّ الْأَكْلُ فِي هَذِهِ اللَّيْلَةِ. فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ حَضَرَ حَفْرَ الْخَنْدَقِ، فَأُغْمِيَ عَلَيْهِ، فَرَآهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) فَرَقَّ لَهُ. وَكَانَ قَوْمٌ مِنَ الشَّبَابِ يَنْكِحُونَ بِاللَّيْلِ سِرًّا فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ الصِّيٰامِ الرَّفَثُ إِلَىٰ نِسَائِكُمْ الْآيَةَ، فَأَحَلَّ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى النِّكَاحَ بِاللَّيْلِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ، وَالْأَكْلَ بَعْدَ النَّوْمِ إِلَىٰ طُلُوعِ الْفَجْرِ، لِقَوْلِهِ: حَتَّىٰ يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ —قَالَ—: هُوَ بَيَاضُ النَّهَارِ مِنْ سَوَادِ اللَّيْلِ».

99-/888 _7- Al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: “Eating and intercourse were forbidden in the month of Ramadan at night after sleeping; meaning, whoever prayed ‘Isha’ and slept without breaking the fast, then woke up, breaking the fast was forbidden to him. Intercourse was forbidden during the night and day in Ramadan. There was a man among the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) named Khawwāt b. Jubayr al-Ansari, the brother of ‘Abdullah b. Jubayr, whom the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) stationed at the mouth of the pass on the Day of Uhud with fifty archers; his companions left him and he remained with twelve men and was killed at the gate of the pass. His brother, Khawwāt b. Jubayr, was an old weak man, and he was fasting with the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) at the Trench. He came to his family at evening and said, ‘Do you have food?’ They said, ‘Do not sleep until we prepare food for you.’ His family delayed bringing the food, so he slept before breaking the fast. When he awoke he said to his family, ‘Eating has been made forbidden [2] to me this night.’ In the morning he attended the digging of the trench, and he fainted. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) saw him and felt compassion for him. Some young men had been having intercourse secretly at night during Ramadan. Then Allah, Mighty and Majestic, revealed: ‘It is made lawful to you on the night of the fast to be intimate with your wives…’ and Allah, Blessed and Exalted, made intercourse lawful at night during Ramadan, and eating after sleep until the appearance of dawn, due to His saying: ‘until the white thread becomes distinct to you from the black thread of the dawn’—he said: it is the whiteness of the day from the darkness of the night.”

99-/889 _8- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ: عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ الصِّيٰامِ الرَّفَثُ إِلَىٰ نِسَائِكُمْ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا.

قَالَ: «نَزَلَتْ فِي خَوَّاتِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، وَكَانَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) فِي الْخَنْدَقِ وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ، فَأَمْسَى عَلَى ذَلِكَ، وَكَانُوا مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تَنْزِلَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ، إِذَا نَامَ أَحَدُهُمْ حَرُمَ عَلَيْهِ الطَّعَامُ، فَرَجَعَ خَوَّاتٌ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ حِينَ أَمْسَى، فَقَالَ: عِنْدَكُمْ طَعَامٌ؟ فَقَالُوا: أَلَا [لَا] تَنَمْ حَتَّى نَصْنَعَ لَكَ طَعَامًا، فَاتَّكَأَ فَنَامَ، فَقَالُوا: قَدْ فَعَلْتَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. فَبَاتَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ وَأَصْبَحَ، فَغَدَا إِلَى الْخَنْدَقِ، فَجَعَلَ يُغْشَى عَلَيْهِ، فَمَرَّ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)، فَلَمَّا رَأَى الَّذِي بِهِ، سَأَلَهُ، وَأَخْبَرَهُ كَيْفَ كَانَ أَمْرُهُ، فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ: أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ الصِّيٰامِ الرَّفَثُ إِلَىٰ نِسَائِكُمْ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّىٰ يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ».

99-/889 _8- He said: “It was revealed about Khawwāt b. Jubayr. He was with the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) in the Trench, fasting, and evening came upon him in that state. Before this verse, if any of them slept, food became forbidden to him. Khawwāt returned to his family at evening and said, ‘Do you have food?’ They said, ‘Do not sleep until we prepare food for you.’ He reclined and slept. They said, ‘Have you done that?’ He said, ‘Yes.’ He spent the night thus and in the morning went to the trench, and he began to faint. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) passed by him, and when he saw his condition he asked him, and he informed him what had happened. Then this verse was revealed: ‘It is made lawful to you on the night of the fast to be intimate with your wives … and eat and drink until the white thread becomes distinct to you from the black thread of the dawn’ (Qur’an 2:187).”

99-/890 _9- عَنْ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ، عَنْهُمَا، فِي رَجُلٍ تَسَحَّرَ وَهُوَ يَشُكُّ [1] فِي الْفَجْرِ.

قَالَ: «لَا بَأْسَ، وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّىٰ يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ، وَأَرَى أَنْ يَسْتَظْهِرَ [2] فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ، وَيَتَسَحَّرَ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ».

99-/890 _9- He said about a man who took pre-dawn food while he was doubtful [1] about the break of dawn: “There is no harm. ‘Eat and drink until the white thread becomes distinct to you from the black thread of the dawn’ (Qur’an 2:187). Yet I think he should seek added precaution [2] in the month of Ramadan and take his pre-dawn meal earlier.”

99-/891 _10- عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) عَنْ رَجُلَيْنِ قَامَا فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ، فَقَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا: هَذَا الْفَجْرُ، وَقَالَ الْآخَرُ: مَا أَرَى شَيْئًا.

قَالَ: «لِيَأْكُلِ الَّذِي لَمْ يَسْتَيْقِنِ الْفَجْرَ، وَقَدْ حَرُمَ الْأَكْلُ عَلَى الَّذِي زَعَمَ قَدْ رَأَى، إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ: وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّىٰ يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيَامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ».

99-/891 _10- He said: “Let the one who is not certain that dawn has come continue to eat, and eating has become forbidden for the one who claims he has seen it. Indeed, Allah says: ‘And eat and drink until the white thread becomes distinct to you from the black thread of the dawn; then complete the fast until the night’ (Qur’an 2:187).”

99-/892 _11- عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) عَنْ أُنَاسٍ صَامُوا فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ، فَغَشِيَهُمْ سَحَابٌ أَسْوَدُ عِنْدَ مَغْرِبِ الشَّمْسِ، فَظَنُّوا أَنَّهُ اللَّيْلُ، فَأَفْطَرُوا، أَوْ أَفْطَرَ بَعْضُهُمْ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ السَّحَابَ فَصَلَ عَنِ السَّمَاءِ، فَإِذَا الشَّمْسُ لَمْ تَغِبْ.

قَالَ: «عَلَى الَّذِي أَفْطَرَ قَضَاءُ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ: ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيَامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ، فَمَنْ أَكَلَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ اللَّيْلُ فَعَلَيْهِ قَضَاؤُهُ، لِأَنَّهُ أَكَلَ مُتَعَمِّدًا».

99-/892 _11- He said: “Whoever broke the fast among them must make up that day, for Allah says: ‘Then complete the fast until the night’ (Qur’an 2:187). Whoever eats before the night enters must make it up, because he ate deliberately.”

99-/893 _12- عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ جَرَّاحٍ، عَنِ الصَّادِقِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، قَالَ: «قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيَامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ يَعْنِي صَوْمَ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ، فَمَنْ رَأَى هِلَالًا [3] بِالنَّهَارِ فَلْيُتِمَّ صِيَامَهُ».

99-/893 _12- He said: “Allah, Exalted, said: ‘Then complete the fast until the night’—meaning the fast of the month of Ramadan. Whoever sees a crescent [3] during the day should complete his fast.”

99-/894 _13- عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ، قَالَ: «عَلَى الَّذِي أَفْطَرَ الْقَضَاءُ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ: ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيَامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ، فَمَنْ أَكَلَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ اللَّيْلُ فَعَلَيْهِ قَضَاؤُهُ، لِأَنَّهُ أَكَلَ مُتَعَمِّدًا».

99-/894 _13- He said: “Whoever broke the fast must make it up because Allah says: ‘Then complete the fast until the night’ (Qur’an 2:187). Whoever eats before the night enters must make it up, because he ate deliberately.”

99-/895 _14- عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَلَبِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْخَيْطِ الْأَبْيَضِ، وَعَنِ [1] الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ؟ فَقَالَ: «بَيَاضُ النَّهَارِ مِنْ سَوَادِ اللَّيْلِ».

99-/895 _14- He said: “I asked him about the white thread and about [1] the black thread. He said: ‘The whiteness of the day from the darkness of the night.’”

قوله تعالى:

وَلَا تَأْكُلُوا أَمْوَالَكُمْ بَيْنَكُمْ بِالْبَاطِلِ وَتُدْلُوا بِهَا إِلَى الْحُكَّامِ لِتَأْكُلُوا فَرِيقًا مِنْ أَمْوَالِ النَّاسِ بِالْإِثْمِ وَأَنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ [188]

(Qur’an 2:188) M. H. Shakir: And do not eat up your property among yourselves by false means, nor seek to gain access thereby to the judges, so that you may eat up a part of the property of men wrongfully while you know.

99-/896 _1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ: عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ، عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ عِيسَى [2]، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: وَلَا تَأْكُلُوا أَمْوَالَكُمْ بَيْنَكُمْ بِالْبَاطِلِ.

فَقَالَ: «كَانَتْ قُرَيْشٌ تُقَامِرُ الرَّجُلَ بِأَهْلِهِ وَمَالِهِ، فَنَهَاهُمُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ عَنْ ذَلِكَ».

99-/896 _1- He said: “Quraysh used to gamble with a man over his dependents and his wealth, so Allah, Mighty and Majestic, forbade them from that.”

99-/897 _2- عَنْهُ: عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بَحْرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُسْكَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ، قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فِي كِتَابِهِ: وَلَا تَأْكُلُوا أَمْوَالَكُمْ بَيْنَكُمْ بِالْبَاطِلِ وَتُدْلُوا بِهَا إِلَى الْحُكَّامِ.

فَقَالَ: «يَا أَبَا بَصِيرٍ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ قَدْ عَلِمَ أَنَّ فِي الْأُمَّةِ حُكَّامًا يَجُورُونَ، أَمَا إِنَّهُ لَمْ يَعْنِ حُكَّامَ أَهْلِ الْعَدْلِ، وَلَكِنَّهُ عَنَى حُكَّامَ أَهْلِ الْجَوْرِ. يَا أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ، إِنَّهُ لَوْ كَانَ [لَكَ] عَلَى رَجُلٍ حَقٌّ، فَدَعَوْتَهُ إِلَى حُكَّامِ أَهْلِ الْعَدْلِ، فَأَبَى عَلَيْكَ إِلَّا أَنْ يُرَافِعَكَ إِلَى حُكَّامِ أَهْلِ الْجَوْرِ لِيَقْضُوا لَهُ، لَكَانَ مِمَّنْ حَاكَمَ إِلَى الطَّاغُوتِ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: أَ لَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهُمْ آمَنُوا بِمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ وَمَا أُنْزِلَ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ يُرِيدُونَ أَنْ يَتَحَاكَمُوا إِلَى الطَّاغُوتِ [3]».

99-/897 _2- He said: “O Abu Basir, Allah, Mighty and Majestic, knew that in the community there would be judges who deal unjustly. He did not mean the judges of the people of justice; rather, He meant the judges of the people of injustice. O Abu Muhammad, if you had a right over a man and you invited him to the judges of the people of justice but he refused except to take you before the judges of the people of injustice so they would judge for him, he would be among those who have sought judgment by the Taghut. This is the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: ‘Have you not seen those who assert that they believe in what has been revealed to you and what was revealed before you? They desire to seek judgment from the Taghut’ (Qur’an 4:60).”

99-/898 _3- الشَّيْخُ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ …

[The narration continues in the next section.]

المراجع:

_4) تفسير العيّاشي 1:196/83.

Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:196/83.

_5) مجمع البيان 2:500.

Majma‘ al-Bayān 2:500.

_6) مجمع البيان 2:500.

Majma‘ al-Bayān 2:500.

_1) الكافي 4:4/98.

Al-Kāfī 4:4/98.

_2) الكافي 4:3/98.

Al-Kāfī 4:3/98.

_3) الكافي 4:3/180.

Al-Kāfī 4:3/180.

_4) الكافي 4:1/100.

Al-Kāfī 4:1/100.

_5) الكافي 4:2/100.

Al-Kāfī 4:2/100.

_6) التهذيب 2:115/36.

Al-Tahdhīb 2:115/36.

_7) تفسير القمّيّ 1:66.

Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:66.

_8) تفسير العيّاشي 1:197/83.

Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:197/83.

_9) تفسير العيّاشي 1:198/83.

Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:198/83.

_10) تفسير العيّاشي 1:199/83.

Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:199/83.

_11) تفسير العيّاشي 1:200/84.

Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:200/84.

_12) تفسير العيّاشي 1:201/84.

Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:201/84.

_13) تفسير العيّاشي 1:202/84.

Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:202/84.

_14) تفسير العيّاشي 1:203/84.

Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:203/84.

_1) الكافي 5:1/122.

Al-Kāfī 5:1/122.

_2) الكافي 7:3/411.

Al-Kāfī 7:3/411.

_3) التهذيب 6:518/219.

Al-Tahdhīb 6:518/219.

الهوامش:

[1] خوّات بن جبير بن النّعمان، كان أحد فرسان رسول اللّه(صلّى اللّه عليه و آله)، شهد بدرا هو وأخوه عبد اللّه بن جبر، وهو من صحابة الإمام عليّ(عليه السّلام)، توفّي سنة 40 هـ، وقيل 42 هـ، وعمره أربع وسبعون سنة. انظر رجال الطوسيّ:40، أسد الغابة 2:125، الخلاصة:66، الإصابة 1:457.

Khawwāt b. Jubayr b. al-Nu‘mān was one of the horsemen of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family). He witnessed Badr along with his brother ‘Abdullah b. Jabr. He was among the companions of Imam ‘Ali (peace be upon him). He died in 40 AH—some say 42 AH—at the age of seventy-four. See Rijāl al-Tūsī: 40; Usd al-Ghābah 2:125; al-Khulāṣah: 66; al-Iṣābah 1:457.

[1] في المصدر: أمسى.

In the source: “amsā” (it became evening).

[2] غُشِيَ عليه: أُغْمِيَ عليه. «لسان العرب-غشا-15:127».

“Ghashiya ‘alayh” means: he fainted. Lisān al-‘Arab, root gh-sh-ā, 15:127.

[3] في المصدر: صيام.

In the source: “ṣiyām” (fasting).

[1] في المصدر زيادة: في.

In the source there is an extra: “fī” (in).

[2] في المصدر: حرّم اللّه.

In the source: “ḥarrama-llāh” (Allah made [it] forbidden).

[1] في المصدر: شاكّ.

In the source: “shākk” (doubtful).

[2] الاستظهار: طلب الاحتياط بالشيء. «مجمع البحرين-ظهر-3:392».

Al-istizhār: seeking extra precaution regarding something. Majma‘ al-Baḥrayn, root ẓ-h-r, 3:392.

[3] في المصدر: هلال شوّال.

In the source: “hilāl Shawwāl” (the crescent of Shawwal).

[1] في المصدر: من.

In the source: “min” (from).

[2] في المصدر زيادة: وهو أبو عبيدة الحذّاء.

In the source there is an addition: “and he is Abū ‘Ubaydah al-Ḥadhdhā’.”

[3] النّساء 4:60.

Al-Nisā’ 4:60.