Al-Hajj Ayah 75

فقال: يٰا أَيُّهَا النّٰاسُ ضُرِبَ مَثَلٌ فَاسْتَمِعُوا لَهُ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللّٰهِ يعني الأصنام لَنْ يَخْلُقُوا ذُبٰاباً وَ لَوِ اجْتَمَعُوا لَهُ وَ إِنْ يَسْلُبْهُمُ الذُّبٰابُ شَيْئاً لاٰ يَسْتَنْقِذُوهُ مِنْهُ ضَعُفَ الطّٰالِبُ وَ الْمَطْلُوبُ يعني الذباب.

Qur’an 22:73 — O people! a parable is set forth, therefore listen to it: surely those whom you call upon besides Allah cannot create a fly, though they should all gather for it, and should the fly snatch away anything from them, they could not take it back from it; weak are the invoker and the invoked. (M. H. Shakir)

99-/7420 _1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى،عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ،عَنِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَامِرٍ،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ رِزْقٍ الْغُمْشَانِيِّ،عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْأَشَلِّ بَيَّاعِ الْأَنْمَاطِ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «كَانَتْ قُرَيْشٌ تُلَطِّخُ الْأَصْنَامَ الَّتِي كَانَتْ حَوْلَ الْكَعْبَةِ بِالْمِسْكِ وَ الْعَنْبَرِ،وَ كَانَ يَغُوثُ قِبَالَ الْبَابِ،وَ كَانَ يَعُوقُ عَنْ يَمِينِ الْكَعْبَةِ،وَ كَانَ نَسْرٌ عَنْ يَسَارِهَا،وَ كَانُوا إِذَا دَخَلُوا،خَرُّوا سُجَّداً لِيَغُوثَ،وَ لاَ يَنْحَنُونَ،ثُمَّ يَسْتَدِيرُونَ بِحِيَالِهِمْ إِلَى يَعُوقَ،ثُمَّ يَسْتَدِيرُونَ بِحِيَالِهِمْ إِلَى نَسْرٍ،ثُمَّ يُلَبُّونَ،فَيَقُولُونَ:لَبَّيْكَ اللَّهُمَّ لَبَّيْكَ،لَبَّيْكَ لاَ شَرِيكَ لَكَ،إِلاَّ شَرِيكٌ هُوَ لَكَ،تَمْلِكُهُ وَ مَا مَلَكَ».

قَالَ:«فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ ذُبَاباً أَخْضَرَ،لَهُ أَرْبَعَةُ أَجْنِحَةٍ،فَلَمْ يُبْقِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْمِسْكِ وَ الْعَنْبَرِ شَيْئاً إِلاَّ أَكَلَهُ،فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: يٰا أَيُّهَا النّٰاسُ ضُرِبَ مَثَلٌ فَاسْتَمِعُوا لَهُ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللّٰهِ لَنْ يَخْلُقُوا ذُبٰاباً وَ لَوِ اجْتَمَعُوا لَهُ وَ إِنْ يَسْلُبْهُمُ الذُّبٰابُ شَيْئاً لاٰ يَسْتَنْقِذُوهُ مِنْهُ ضَعُفَ الطّٰالِبُ وَ الْمَطْلُوبُ ».

99-/7420 — Muhammad b. Ya‘qub—from Muhammad b. Yahya—from some of his companions—from al-‘Abbas b. ‘Amir—from Ahmad b. Rizq al-Ghumshani—from ‘Abd al-Rahman b. al-Ashal, the seller of rugs—from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), who said: “Quraysh used to smear the idols around the Ka‘bah with musk and ambergris. Yaghuth was opposite the door, Ya‘uq was to the right of the Ka‘bah, and Nasr was to its left. When they entered, they would fall in prostration to Yaghuth without bowing, then they would turn themselves toward Ya‘uq, then turn toward Nasr. Then they would chant the talbiyah, saying: ‘Labbayka Allahumma labbayk, labbayka la sharika lak, illa sharikun huwa laka, tamlikuhu wa ma malak’ (Here I am, O Allah, here I am. Here I am, You have no partner—except a partner that is Yours; You own him and what he owns).”

He said: “So Allah sent a green fly with four wings. It left nothing of that musk and ambergris without consuming it. Then Allah, Mighty and Majestic, revealed: ‘O people! a parable is set forth, therefore listen to it: surely those whom you call upon besides Allah cannot create a fly, though they should all gather for it, and should the fly snatch away anything from them, they could not take it back from it; weak are the invoker and the invoked’ (Qur’an 22:73, M. H. Shakir).”

قوله تعالى:

اَللّٰهُ يَصْطَفِي مِنَ الْمَلاٰئِكَةِ رُسُلاً وَ مِنَ النّٰاسِ [75]

Qur’an 22:75 — Allah chooses messengers from among the angels and from among the men; surely Allah is Hearing, Seeing. (M. H. Shakir)

99-/7421 _2-علي بن إبراهيم:أي يختار،و هو:جبرئيل،و ميكائيل،و إسرافيل،و ملك الموت،و من الناس:

الأنبياء،و الأوصياء؛فمن الأنبياء:نوح،و إبراهيم،و موسى،و عيسى،و محمد(صلّى اللّه عليهم أجمعين)،و من هؤلاء الخمسة:رسول اللّه(صلّى اللّه عليه و آله)؛و من الأوصياء؛أمير المؤمنين،و الأئمة(عليهم السلام).و فيه تأويل غير هذا.

99-/7421 — ‘Ali b. Ibrahim: That is, He selects. They are: Jibra’il, Mika’il, Israfil, and the Angel of Death; and from among mankind: the prophets and the legatees. Of the prophets: Nuh, Ibrahim, Musa, ‘Isa, and Muhammad (may Allah bless them all). And of these five: the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family). And of the legatees: the Commander of the Faithful and the Imams (peace be upon them). There is another interpretation besides this.

99-/7422 _3- الطَّبْرِسِيُّ فِي(الْإِحْتِجَاجِ):عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي جَوَابِ سُؤَالِ زِنْدِيقٍ،قَالَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):

«أَمَّا قَوْلُ اللَّهِ: اَللّٰهُ يَتَوَفَّى الْأَنْفُسَ حِينَ مَوْتِهٰا [1]وَ قَوْلُهُ: يَتَوَفّٰاكُمْ مَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ [2]وَ تَوَفَّتْهُ رُسُلُنٰا [3]وَ تَتَوَفّٰاهُمُ الْمَلاٰئِكَةُ طَيِّبِينَ [4]وَ اَلَّذِينَ تَتَوَفّٰاهُمُ الْمَلاٰئِكَةُ ظٰالِمِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ [5]فَهُوَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى،أَجَلُّ وَ أَعْظَمُ مِنْ أَنْ يَتَوَلَّى ذَلِكَ بِنَفْسِهِ،وَ فِعْلُ رُسُلِهِ وَ مَلاَئِكَتِهِ فِعْلُهُ،لِأَنَّهُمْ بِأَمْرِهِ يَعْمَلُونَ،فَاصْطَفَى جَلَّ ذِكْرُهُ مِنَ

99-/7422 — Al-Tabrisi in al-Ihtijaj, from the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him), in answer to a question from a freethinker. He (peace be upon him) said:

“As for Allah’s saying: ‘Allah takes the souls at the time of their death’ (Qur’an 39:42, M. H. Shakir), and His saying: ‘The angel of death who is given charge of you shall cause you to die’ (Qur’an 32:11, M. H. Shakir), and ‘Our messengers cause him to die’ (Qur’an 6:61, M. H. Shakir), and ‘Those whom the angels cause to die while they are good’ (Qur’an 16:32, M. H. Shakir), and ‘Those whom the angels cause to die while they are unjust to their souls’ (Qur’an 16:28, M. H. Shakir),—He, blessed and exalted, is too majestic and too great to undertake that Himself directly. The action of His messengers and His angels is His action, because they act by His command. So His Glorious Name has chosen from among the angels messengers and couriers between Him and His creation, and they are those about whom Allah said: ‘Allah chooses messengers from among the angels and from among the men’ (Qur’an 22:75, M. H. Shakir). Thus, if one is of the people of obedience, the angels of mercy undertake the seizing of his soul; and if one is of the people of disobedience, the angels of punishment undertake the seizing of his soul.

The Angel of Death has helpers from among the angels of mercy and of punishment who act at his command; their action is his action, and everything they bring is ascribed to him. Therefore, their action is the action of the Angel of Death, and the action of the Angel of Death is Allah’s action; for He takes the souls by the hand of whomever He wills, and He gives and withholds, and He rewards and punishes by the hand of whomever He wills. Truly, the action of His trustees is His action, just as He said: ‘And you do not will except that Allah wills’ (Qur’an 76:30; also 81:29, M. H. Shakir).”

الْمَلاَئِكَةِ رُسُلاً وَ سَفَرَةً بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ خَلْقِهِ،وَ هُمُ الَّذِينَ قَالَ اللَّهُ فِيهِمْ: اَللّٰهُ يَصْطَفِي مِنَ الْمَلاٰئِكَةِ رُسُلاً وَ مِنَ النّٰاسِ فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الطَّاعَةِ تَوَلَّى قَبْضَ رُوحِهِ مَلاَئِكَةُ الرَّحْمَةِ،وَ مَنْ كَانَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَعْصِيَةِ تَوَلَّى قَبْضَ رُوحِهِ مَلاَئِكَةُ النَّقِمَةِ.

وَ لِمَلَكِ الْمَوْتِ أَعْوَانٌ مِنْ مَلاَئِكَةِ الرَّحْمَةِ وَ النَّقِمَةِ يَصْدُرُونَ عَنْ أَمْرِهِ،وَ فِعْلُهُمْ فِعْلُهُ،وَ كُلُّ مَا يَأْتُونَ بِهِ مَنْسُوبٌ إِلَيْهِ،وَ إِذَنْ كَانَ فِعْلُهُمْ فِعْلَ مَلَكِ الْمَوْتِ،وَ فِعْلُ مَلَكِ الْمَوْتِ فِعْلَ اللَّهِ؛لِأَنَّهُ يَتَوَفَّى الْأَنْفُسَ عَلَى يَدِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ،وَ يُعْطِي وَ يَمْنَعُ،وَ يُثِيبُ وَ يُعَاقِبُ عَلَى يَدِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ،وَ إِنَّ فِعْلَ أُمَنَائِهِ فِعْلُهُ،كَمَا قَالَ: وَ مٰا تَشٰاؤُنَ إِلاّٰ أَنْ يَشٰاءَ اللّٰهُ [1]».

And He chose from the angels messengers and couriers between Him and His creation; they are those of whom Allah said: ‘Allah chooses messengers from among the angels and from among the men’ (Qur’an 22:75, M. H. Shakir). So whoever is among the people of obedience, the angels of mercy undertake the seizure of his soul; and whoever is among the people of disobedience, the angels of punishment undertake the seizure of his soul.

The Angel of Death has aides from the angels of mercy and of punishment who act at his command. Their action is his action, and everything they carry out is attributed to him. Thus, their action is the action of the Angel of Death, and the action of the Angel of Death is Allah’s action; for He takes the souls by the hand of whomever He wills, and He gives and withholds, and He rewards and punishes by the hand of whomever He wills. Indeed, the action of His trustees is His action, as He said: ‘And you do not will except that Allah wills’ (Qur’an 76:30; also 81:29, M. H. Shakir).”

99-/7423 _3- ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ الْأَسْوَارِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو يُوسُفَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ الشَّجَرِيُّ الْمُذَكِّرُ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو وَ عَمْرُو بْنُ حَفْصٍ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَسَدٍ بِبَغْدَادَ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْبَصِيرِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ،عَنْ عَطَاءٍ،عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ اللَّيْثِيِّ،عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ(رَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ)،قَالَ:قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)فِي حَدِيثٍ طَوِيلٍ: «النَّبِيُّونَ مِائَةُ أَلْفٍ وَ أَرْبَعَةٌ وَ عِشْرُونَ أَلْفَ نَبِيٍّ».

قُلْتُ:كَمِ الْمُرْسَلُونَ مِنْهُمْ؟قَالَ:«ثَلاَثُمِائَةٍ وَ ثَلاَثَةَ عَشَرَ،جَمّاً غَفِيراً».

و الحديث-إن شاء اللّه تعالى-يأتي بتمامه في قوله تعالى: إِنَّ هٰذٰا لَفِي الصُّحُفِ الْأُولىٰ* صُحُفِ إِبْرٰاهِيمَ وَ مُوسىٰ في سورة الأعلى [5].

99-/7423 — Ibn Babawayh said: We were told by Abu al-Hasan ‘Ali b. ‘Abdullah b. Ahmad al-Aswari, who said: We were told by Abu Yusuf Ahmad b. Muhammad b. Qays al-Shajari, the exhorter, who said: We were told by Abu ‘Amr and ‘Amr b. Hafs, who said: We were told by Abu Muhammad ‘Abdullah b. Muhammad b. Asad in Baghdad, who said: We were told by al-Husayn b. Ibrahim Abu ‘Ali, who said: We were told by Yahya b. Sa‘id al-Basiri, who said: We were told by Ibn Jurayj, from ‘Ata’, from ‘Ubayd b. ‘Umayr al-Laythi, from Abu Dharr (may Allah have mercy on him), who said: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) said in a long hadith: “The prophets are one hundred and twenty-four thousand prophets.”

I said: How many of them were sent (as messengers)? He said: “Three hundred and thirteen, a great multitude.”

And the hadith—if Allah, the Exalted, wills—will come in full under His saying: “Most surely this is in the earlier scriptures, the scriptures of Ibrahim and Musa” (Qur’an 87:18–19, M. H. Shakir).

قوله تعالى:

يٰا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا -إلى قوله تعالى- فَنِعْمَ الْمَوْلىٰ وَ نِعْمَ النَّصِيرُ [77 و 78] /7424 _1-و قال عليّ بن إبراهيم:ثم خاطب اللّه الأئمة(عليهم السلام)فقال:

99-/7424 — His saying, exalted is He: “O you who believe … to His saying: so excellent the Guardian and excellent the Helper” [77 and 78]. And ‘Ali b. Ibrahim said: Then Allah addressed the Imams (peace be upon them) and said [this].

_1) -الكافي 4:11/542.

al-Kafi 4:11/542.

_2) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:87.

Tafsir al-Qummi 2:87.

_3) -الإحتجاج:247.

al-Ihtijaj: 247.

[1] الزمر 39:42.

az-Zumar 39:42.

[2] السجدة 32:11.

as-Sajdah 32:11.

[3] الأنعام 6:61.

al-An‘am 6:61.

[4] النحل 16:32.

an-Nahl 16:32.

[5] النحل 16:28.

an-Nahl 16:28.

_3) -الخصال:13/523.

al-Khisal 13/523.

_1) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:87.

Tafsir al-Qummi 2:87.

[1] الإنسان 76:30 و التكوير 81:29.

al-Insan 76:30 wa at-Takwir 81:29.

[2] في المصدر:السجزي.

fi al-masdar: as-Sajzi.

[3] في«ج،ي»:أبو عمر و عمرو،و في المصدر:أبو الحسن عمر.

fi “J, Y”: Abu ‘Umar wa ‘Amr; wa fi al-masdar: Abu al-Hasan ‘Umar.

[4] في المصدر:عبيد اللّه.

fi al-masdar: ‘Ubaydallah.

[5] يأتي في الحديث(4)من تفسير الآيات(16-19)من سورة الأعلى.

ya’ti fi al-hadith (4) min tafsir al-ayaat (16–19) min Surat al-A‘la.