S 2 A 163-164

99-/743 _7- الْإِمَامُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،قَالَ:«قِيلَ لِأَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):مَنْ خَيْرُ الْخَلْقِ بَعْدَ أَئِمَّةِ الْهُدَى،وَ مَصَابِيحِ الدُّجَى؟قَالَ:اَلْعُلَمَاءُ إِذَا صَلَحُوا.

قِيلَ:فَمَنْ شِرَارُ خَلْقِ اللَّهِ بَعْدَ إِبْلِيسَ وَ فِرْعَوْنَ [1]،وَ بَعْدَ الْمُتَسَمِّينَ بِأَسْمَائِكُمْ،وَ الْمُتَلَقِّبِينَ بِأَلْقَابِكُمْ، وَ الْآخِذِينَ لِأَمْكِنَتِكُمْ،وَ الْمُتَأَمِّرِينَ فِي مَمَالِكِكُمْ؟قَالَ:اَلْعُلَمَاءُ إِذَا فَسَدُوا؛وَ إِنَّهُمُ الْمُظْهِرُونَ لِلْأَبَاطِيلِ،الْكَاتِمُونَ لِلْحَقَائِقِ،وَ فِيهِمْ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: أُولٰئِكَ يَلْعَنُهُمُ اللّٰهُ وَ يَلْعَنُهُمُ اللاّٰعِنُونَ [2]».

99-/743 _7- Imam Abu Muhammad al-‘Askari (peace be upon him) said: It was said to the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him): Who are the best of creation after the Imams of guidance and the lamps in the darkness? He said: The scholars, when they are righteous. It was said: Then who are the worst of Allah’s creation after Iblis and Pharaoh [1], and after those who style themselves with your names, adopt your titles, usurp your positions, and exercise authority in your realms? He said: The scholars, when they are corrupt; they are the ones who display falsehoods and conceal truths. About them Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: “Those it is whom Allah shall curse, and those who curse shall curse them (too).” [Qur’an 2:159, M. H. Shakir] [2]

99-/744 _8- أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الطَّبْرِسِيُّ:فِي مَعْنَى الْآيَةِ،قَالَ:رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،قَالَ: «مَنْ سُئِلَ عَنْ عِلْمٍ يَعْلَمُهُ فَكَتَمَهُ،أُلْجِمَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ بِلِجَامٍ مِنْ نَارٍ،وَ هُوَ قَوْلُهُ: أُولٰئِكَ يَلْعَنُهُمُ اللّٰهُ وَ يَلْعَنُهُمُ اللاّٰعِنُونَ ».

99-/744 _8- Abu ‘Ali al-Tabrisi, regarding the meaning of the verse, said: It is narrated from the Prophet (Allah bless him and his family) that he said: Whoever is asked about knowledge which he knows and conceals it will be bridled on the Day of Resurrection with a bridle of fire; and that is His saying: “Those it is whom Allah shall curse, and those who curse shall curse them (too).” [Qur’an 2:159, M. H. Shakir]

99-/745 _9- علي بن إبراهيم،قال:كل من قد لعنه اللّه من الجن و الإنس يلعنهم.

99-/745 _9- ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim said: Everyone whom Allah has cursed among jinn and humans curses them.

قوله تعالى:

وَ إِلهُكُمْ إِلهٌ واحِدٌ لا إِلهَ إِلاَّ هُوَ الرَّحْمنُ الرَّحيمُ (163)

إِنَّ في‏ خَلْقِ السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ وَ اخْتِلافِ اللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهارِ وَ الْفُلْكِ الَّتي‏ تَجْري فِي الْبَحْرِ بِما يَنْفَعُ النَّاسَ وَ ما أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ مِنَ السَّماءِ مِنْ ماءٍ فَأَحْيا بِهِ الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِها وَ بَثَّ فيها مِنْ كُلِّ دابَّةٍ وَ تَصْريفِ الرِّياحِ وَ السَّحابِ الْمُسَخَّرِ بَيْنَ السَّماءِ وَ الْأَرْضِ لَآياتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ (164)

Qur’an 2:163-164 — M. H. Shakir:

And your God is one God! there is no god but He; He is the Beneficent, the Merciful. (163)

Surely in the creation of the heavens and the earth and the alternation of the night and the day, and the ships that run in the sea with that which profits men, and the water that Allah sends down from the cloud, then gives life with it to the earth after its death and spreads in it all (kinds of) animals, and in the changing of the winds and the clouds made subservient between the heaven and the earth, there are signs for a people who understand. (164)

99-/746 _1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ،عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا،[رَفَعَهُ] [3]،عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ،قَالَ:قَالَ لِي أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى أَكْمَلَ لِلنَّاسِ الْحُجَجَ بِالْعُقُولِ، وَ نَصَرَ النَّبِيِّينَ بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ [4]،وَ دَلَّهُمْ عَلَى رُبُوبِيَّتِهِ بِالْأَدِلَّةِ،فَقَالَ: وَ إِلٰهُكُمْ إِلٰهٌ وٰاحِدٌ لاٰ إِلٰهَ إِلاّٰ هُوَ الرَّحْمٰنُ الرَّحِيمُ * إِنَّ فِي خَلْقِ السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ وَ اخْتِلاٰفِ اللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهٰارِ وَ الْفُلْكِ الَّتِي تَجْرِي فِي الْبَحْرِ بِمٰا يَنْفَعُ النّٰاسَ وَ مٰا أَنْزَلَ اللّٰهُ مِنَ السَّمٰاءِ مِنْ مٰاءٍ فَأَحْيٰا بِهِ الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهٰا وَ بَثَّ فِيهٰا مِنْ كُلِّ دَابَّةٍ وَ تَصْرِيفِ الرِّيٰاحِ وَ السَّحٰابِ الْمُسَخَّرِ بَيْنَ السَّمٰاءِ وَ الْأَرْضِ لَآيٰاتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ ».

99-/746 _1- Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub, from Abu ‘Abdillah al-Ash‘ari, from some of our companions [he raised it] [3], from Hisham ibn al-Hakam, who said: Abu al-Hasan Musa ibn Ja‘far (peace be upon him) said to me: Indeed Allah, Blessed and Exalted, perfected for the people the proofs by means of intellects, supported the prophets with clear evidences [4], and guided them to His Lordship through proofs; so He said: “And your God is one God! there is no god but He; He is the Beneficent, the Merciful. Most surely in the creation of the heavens and the earth and the alternation of the night and the day and the ships which run in the sea with that which profits men, and the water that Allah sends down from the cloud, then gives life with it to the earth after its death and spreads in it all (kinds of) animals, and the changing of the winds and the clouds made subservient between the heaven and the earth, there are signs for a people who understand.” [Qur’an 2:163–164, M. H. Shakir]

99-/747 _2- ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي(رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ)،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الْعَطَّارُ،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ

99-/747 _2- Ibn Babawayh said: My father (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated to me; he said: Muhammad ibn Yahya al-‘Attar narrated to us, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad—

_7) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السّلام):144/302.

_7) -al-tafsīr al-mansūb ilā al-imām al-‘askarī (alayhi al-salām): 144/302.

_8) -مجمع البيان 1:442.

_8) -Majma‘ al-bayān 1:442.

_9) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:64.

_9) -Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:64.

_1) -الكافي 1:12/10.

_1) -al-Kāfī 1:12/10.

_2) -معاني الأخبار:5:1،التوحيد:1/82.

_2) -Ma‘ānī al-akhbār: 5:1, al-Tawḥīd: 1/82.

[1] في المصدر زيادة:و نمرود.

[1] fī al-maṣdar ziyādah: wa Namrūd.

[2] الآية ليس في المصدر.

[2] al-āyah laysa fī al-maṣdar.

[3] أثبتناه من المصدر.و انظر:معجم رجال الحديث:19:412.

[3] athbatnāhu mina al-maṣdar. wa unẓur: Mu‘jam Rijāl al-Ḥadīth: 19:412.

[4] في المصدر:بالبيان.

[4] fī al-maṣdar: bil-bayān.

Continuation of Hadees 747

ابْنِ عِيسَى،عَنْ أَبِي هَاشِمٍ الْجَعْفَرِيِّ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ الثَّانِي(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،مَا مَعْنَى الْوَاحِدِ؟فَقَالَ:

«الْمُجْتَمَعُ عَلَيْهِ جَمِيعُ الْأَلْسُنِ بِالْوَحْدَانِيَّةِ».

Ibn ‘Isa, from Abu Hashim al-Ja‘fari, said: I asked Abu Ja‘far Muhammad ibn ‘Ali the Second (peace be upon him), What is the meaning of al-Wāḥid (the One)? He said: That upon which all tongues concur regarding His oneness.

99-/748 _3- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ،عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ،وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى،جَمِيعاً،عَنْ أَبِي هَاشِمٍ الْجَعْفَرِيِّ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ الثَّانِيَ،مَا مَعْنَى الْوَاحِدِ؟ فَقَالَ:«إِجْمَاعُ الْأَلْسُنِ عَلَيْهِ بِالْوَحْدَانِيَّةِ،كَقَوْلِهِ: وَ لَئِنْ سَأَلْتَهُمْ مَنْ خَلَقَهُمْ لَيَقُولُنَّ اللّٰهُ [1]».

99-/748 _3- Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub, from ‘Ali ibn Muhammad and Muhammad ibn al-Hasan, from Sahl ibn Ziyad, and from Muhammad ibn Yahya, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa, all from Abu Hashim al-Ja‘fari, said: I asked Abu Ja‘far the Second: What is the meaning of al-Wāḥid (the One)? He said: The consensus of tongues upon His oneness—just as in His saying: “And if you ask them who created them, they will certainly say: Allah.” [Qur’an 43:87, M. H. Shakir] [1]

99-/749 _4- ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ الطَّالَقَانِيُّ(رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ)،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى الْبُزُورِيُّ [2]،قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْهَيْثَمِ الْبَلَدِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي،عَنِ الْمُعَافَى بْنِ عِمْرَانَ،عَنْ إِسْرَائِيلَ،عَنِ الْمِقْدَامِ بْنِ شُرَيْحِ بْنِ هَانِي،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،قَالَ: إِنَّ أَعْرَابِيّاً قَامَ يَوْمَ الْجَمَلِ إِلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، فَقَالَ:يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ،أَ تَقُولُ:إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَاحِدٌ؟قَالَ:فَحَمَلَ النَّاسُ عَلَيْهِ،وَ قَالُوا:يَا أَعْرَابِيُّ،أَ مَا تَرَى مَا فِيهِ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْ تَقَسُّمِ الْقَلْبِ؟!فَقَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):دَعُوهُ،فَإِنَّ الَّذِي يُرِيدُهُ الْأَعْرَابِيُّ هُوَ الَّذِي نُرِيدُهُ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ»ثُمَّ قَالَ:«يَا أَعْرَابِيُّ،إِنَّ الْقَوْلَ فِي أَنَّ اللَّهَ وَاحِدٌ عَلَى أَرْبَعَةِ أَقْسَامٍ:فَوَجْهَانِ مِنْهَا لاَ يَجُوزَانِ عَلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ، وَ وَجْهَانِ يَثْبُتَانِ فِيهِ؛فَأَمَّا اللَّذَانِ لاَ يَجُوزَانِ عَلَيْهِ:فَقَوْلُ الْقَائِلِ:وَاحِدٌ،يَقْصِدُ بِهِ بَابَ الْأَعْدَادِ،فَهَذَا مَا لاَ يَجُوزُ،لِأَنَّ مَنْ [3] لاَ ثَانِيَ لَهُ لاَ يَدْخُلُ فِي بَابِ الْأَعْدَادِ،أَ مَا تَرَى أَنَّهُ كَفَرَ مَنْ قَالَ:ثَالِثُ ثَلاَثَةٍ؟!وَ قَوْلُ الْقَائِلِ:هُوَ وَاحِدٌ [4] مِنَ النَّاسِ،يُرِيدُ بِهِ النَّوْعَ مِنَ الْجِنْسِ،فَهَذَا مَا لاَ يَجُوزُ عَلَيْهِ لِأَنَّهُ تَشْبِيهٌ،وَ جَلَّ رَبُّنَا عَنْ ذَلِكَ وَ تَعَالَى.

وَ أَمَّا الْوَجْهَانِ اللَّذَانِ يَثْبُتَانِ فِيهِ:فَقَوْلُ الْقَائِلِ:هُوَ وَاحِدٌ لَيْسَ لَهُ فِي الْأَشْيَاءِ شِبْهٌ،كَذَلِكَ رَبُّنَا،وَ قَوْلُ الْقَائِلِ:إِنَّهُ رَبُّنَا [5] أَحَدِيُّ الْمَعْنَى،يَعْنِي بِهِ أَنَّهُ لاَ يَنْقَسِمُ فِي وُجُودٍ،وَ لاَ عَقْلٍ،وَ لاَ وَهْمٍ،كَذَلِكَ رَبُّنَا عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ».

99-/749 _4- Ibn Babawayh said: Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Ishaq al-Talaqani (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated to us; he said: Muhammad ibn Sa‘id ibn Yahya al-Buzuri [2] narrated to us; he said: Ibrahim ibn al-Haytham al-Baladī narrated to us; he said: My father narrated to us, from al-Mu‘afa ibn ‘Imran, from Isra’il, from al-Miqdam ibn Shurayh ibn Hani’, from his father, who said: A Bedouin stood up to the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) on the Day of the Camel and said: O Commander of the Faithful, do you say that Allah is One? The people sprang at him and said: O Bedouin, do you not see the state of the Commander of the Faithful, how his heart is divided [with concerns]? The Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) said: Leave him, for what the Bedouin seeks is what we seek from these people. Then he said: O Bedouin, speech about Allah’s being One is of four categories: two of them do not apply to Allah, Mighty and Majestic, and two apply to Him. As for the two that do not apply to Him: a person’s saying “One,” intending thereby the category of numbers—this does not apply, for the One who has no second does not enter into the category of numbers; do you not see that whoever says “the third of three” has disbelieved? And a person’s saying “He is one of the people,” intending by it the species of a genus—this does not apply to Him, for it is an anthropomorphic comparison, and our Lord is exalted and far above that. As for the two that apply to Him: a person’s saying “He is One, having no likeness among things”—so is our Lord; and a person’s saying “Indeed our Lord is one in meaning,” by which he intends that He is not divisible in existence, nor in intellect, nor in imagination—so is our Lord, Mighty and Majestic. [5]

قوله تعالى:

وَ مِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَتَّخِذُ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ أَنْداداً يُحِبُّونَهُمْ كَحُبِّ اللَّهِ وَ الَّذينَ آمَنُوا أَشَدُّ حُبًّا لِلَّهِ وَ لَوْ يَرَى الَّذينَ ظَلَمُوا إِذْ يَرَوْنَ الْعَذابَ أَنَّ الْقُوَّةَ لِلَّهِ جَميعاً وَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ شَديدُ الْعَذابِ (165)

And there are some among men who take for themselves objects of worship besides Allah, whom they love as they should love Allah, and those who believe are stronger in love for Allah; and O that the unjust had seen, when they see the chastisement, that the power is wholly Allah’s, and that Allah is severe in chastisement! [Qur’an 2:165, M. H. Shakir]

_3) -الكافي 1:12/92.

_3) -al-Kāfī 1:12/92.

_4) -التوحيد:3/83.

_4) -al-Tawḥīd: 3/83.

[1] الزّخرف 43:87.

[1] al-Zukhruf 43:87.

[2] في«س»:البزوفري،تصحيف،صوابه ما في المتن،انظر ترجمته في تاريخ بغداد 5:310.

[2] fī “S”: al-Bazūfrī, taṣḥīf, ṣawābuhu mā fī al-matn, unẓur tarjamatahu fī Tārīkh Baghdād 5:310.

[3] في المصدر:ما.

[3] fī al-maṣdar: mā.

[4] في«س و ط»:القائل الواحد.

[4] fī “S wa Ṭ”: al-qā’il al-wāḥid.

[5] في المصدر:إنّه عزّ و جلّ.

[5] fī al-maṣdar: innahu ‘azza wa jall.