S 2 A 111-112

فَاعِلِهِ،وَ جِنَايَةَ بَعْضٍ إِلَى غَيْرِ جَانِيهِ،فَيَقَعُ ثَوَابُهُ وَ عِقَابُهُ-بِجَهْلِهِ بِمَا لَبِسَ عَلَيْهِ-بِغَيْرِ مُسْتَحِقِّهِ. وَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):مِفْتَاحُ الصَّلاَةِ الطَّهُورُ،وَ تَحْرِيمُهَا التَّكْبِيرُ،وَ تَحْلِيلُهَا التَّسْلِيمُ،وَ لاَ يَقْبَلُ اللَّهُ الصَّلاَةَ بِغَيْرِ طَهُورٍ،وَ لاَ صَدَقَةً مِنْ غُلُولٍ،وَ إِنَّ أَعْظَمَ طَهُورِ الصَّلاَةِ الَّذِي لاَ تُقْبَلُ الصَّلاَةُ إِلاَّ بِهِ،وَ لاَ شَيْءَ مِنَ الطَّاعَاتِ مَعَ فَقْدِهِ،مُوَالاَةُ مُحَمَّدٍ،وَ أَنَّهُ سَيِّدُ الْمُرْسَلِينَ وَ مُوَالاَةُ عَلِيٍّ،وَ أَنَّهُ سَيِّدُ الْوَصِيِّينَ،وَ مُوَالاَةُ أَوْلِيَائِهِمَا، وَ مُعَادَاةُ أَعْدَائِهِمَا».

Its doer, and the offense of one person attributed to other than its perpetrator—so that, due to his ignorance of what has been confused for him, the reward and punishment fall upon one who does not deserve it. And the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) said: The key to prayer is purification; its opening sanctification is the takbir; and its closing release is the taslim. Allah does not accept prayer without purification, nor charity taken from ghulul (embezzlement). Indeed, the greatest purification of prayer, without which the prayer is not accepted and nothing of the acts of obedience avails if it is lacking, is loyalty to Muhammad—that he is the master of the messengers—and loyalty to Ali—that he is the master of the successors—and loyalty to their friends and enmity toward their enemies.

قوله تعالى: وَ قٰالُوا لَنْ يَدْخُلَ الْجَنَّةَ إِلاّٰ مَنْ كٰانَ هُوداً أَوْ نَصٰارىٰ تِلْكَ أَمٰانِيُّهُمْ قُلْ هٰاتُوا بُرْهٰانَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صٰادِقِينَ[111]

Quran 2:111 (M. H. Shakir): And they say: None shall enter the garden except he who is a Jew or a Christian. These are their vain desires. Say: Bring your proof if you are truthful.

بَلىٰ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ وَجْهَهُ لِلّٰهِ وَ هُوَ مُحْسِنٌ فَلَهُ أَجْرُهُ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِ وَ لاٰ خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَ لاٰ هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ[112]

Quran 2:112 (M. H. Shakir): Yes! whoever submits himself entirely to Allah and he is the doer of good (to others) he has his reward from his Lord, and there is no fear for them nor shall they grieve.

99-/582 _1- قَالَ الْإِمَامُ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): وَ قٰالُوا يَعْنِي الْيَهُودَ وَ النَّصَارَى، قَالَتِ الْيَهُودُ: لَنْ يَدْخُلَ الْجَنَّةَ إِلاّٰ مَنْ كٰانَ هُوداً ،وَ قَوْلُهُ: أَوْ نَصٰارىٰ يَعْنِي وَ قَالَتِ النَّصَارَى:لَنْ يَدْخُلَ الْجَنَّةَ إِلاَّ مَنْ كَانَ نَصْرَانِيّاً. قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):وَ قَدْ قَالَ غَيْرُهُمْ،قَالَتِ الدَّهْرِيَّةُ:اَلْأَشْيَاءُ لاَ بَدْءَ لَهَا،وَ هِيَ دَائِمَةٌ،وَ مَنْ خَالَفَنَا فِي هَذَا فَهُوَ ضَالٌّ مُخْطِئٌ مُضِلٌّ.وَ قَالَتِ الثَّنَوِيَّةُ:اَلنُّورُ وَ الظُّلْمَةُ هُمَا الْمُدَبِّرَانِ،وَ مَنْ خَالَفَنَا فِي هَذَا فَقَدْ ضَلَّ.وَ قَالَ مُشْرِكُو الْعَرَبِ:إِنَّ أَوْثَانَنَا آلِهَةٌ،مَنْ خَالَفَنَا فِي هَذَا ضَلَّ.فَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: تِلْكَ أَمٰانِيُّهُمْ الَّتِي يَتَمَنَّوْنَهَا قُلْ لَهُمْ: هٰاتُوا بُرْهٰانَكُمْ عَلَى مَقَالَتِكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صٰادِقِينَ. وَ قَالَ الصَّادِقُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،وَ قَدْ ذُكِرَ عِنْدَهُ الْجِدَالُ فِي الدِّينِ،وَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَ الْأَئِمَّةَ(صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ)قَدْ نَهَوْا عَنْهُ، فَقَالَ الصَّادِقُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):لَمْ يُنْهَ عَنْهُ مُطْلَقاً،لَكِنَّهُ نُهِيَ عَنِ الْجِدَالِ بِغَيْرِ الَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ،أَ مَا تَسْمَعُونَ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ: وَ لاٰ تُجٰادِلُوا أَهْلَ الْكِتٰابِ إِلاّٰ بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ [3]وَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: اُدْعُ إِلىٰ سَبِيلِ رَبِّكَ بِالْحِكْمَةِ وَ الْمَوْعِظَةِ الْحَسَنَةِ وَ جٰادِلْهُمْ بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ [4].

99-/582 _1- Imam al-‘Askari (peace be upon him) said: The Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) said: “And they said” refers to the Jews and the Christians. The Jews said: “None shall enter the Garden except he who is a Jew,” and His saying “or Christians” means: the Christians said, “None shall enter the Garden except one who is a Christian.” The Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) said: And others have said similar things. The Dahriyyah said: “Things have no beginning; they are eternal; and whoever opposes us in this is astray, mistaken, and leading astray.” The Thanawiyyah said: “Light and darkness are the two directors; whoever opposes us in this has indeed gone astray.” And the Arab polytheists said: “Our idols are gods; whoever opposes us in this is astray.” So Allah, exalted, said: These are their wishful fancies which they wish for. Say to them: Bring your proof for your claim, if you are truthful. And al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) was asked about disputation in religion, and that the Messenger of Allah and the Imams (peace be upon them) forbade it. Al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: It was not forbidden absolutely; rather, disputation that is not in the best manner was forbidden. Do you not hear that Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says: “And do not dispute with the People of the Book except by what is best” [3]; and His saying, exalted is He: “Call to the way of your Lord with wisdom and goodly exhortation, and dispute with them in the best manner” [4].

_1) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السّلام):321/526 و 322 و:324/543.

_1) -al-tafsīr al-mansūb ilā al-imām al-‘askarī (alayhi al-salām): 321/526 wa 322 wa: 324/543.

[1] في المصدر:بعضهم.

[1] fī al-maṣdar: ba‘ḍuhum.

[2] الغلول:الخيانة،و كلّ من خان في شيء خفية فقد غلّ.«النهاية-غلل-3:380».

[2] al-ghulūl: al-khiyānah, wa kullu man khāna fī shay’in khufyatan faqad ghalla. “al-Nihāyah - ghallala - 3:380”.

[3] العنكبوت 29:46.

[3] al-‘Ankabūt 29:46.

[4] النّحل 16:125.

[4] al-Naḥl 16:125.

فَالْجِدَالُ بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ قَدْ قَرَنَهُ الْعُلَمَاءُ بِالدِّينِ،وَ الْجِدَالُ بِغَيْرِ الَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ مُحَرَّمٌ حَرَّمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَلَى شِيعَتِنَا،وَ كَيْفَ يُحَرِّمُ اللَّهُ الْجِدَالَ جُمْلَةً،وَ هُوَ يَقُولُ: وَ قٰالُوا لَنْ يَدْخُلَ الْجَنَّةَ إِلاّٰ مَنْ كٰانَ هُوداً أَوْ نَصٰارىٰ وَ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: تِلْكَ أَمٰانِيُّهُمْ قُلْ هٰاتُوا بُرْهٰانَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صٰادِقِينَ ؟فَجَعَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَمَ الصِّدْقِ وَ الْإِيمَانِ بِالْبُرْهَانِ، [وَ هَلْ يُؤْتَى بِالْبُرْهَانِ]إِلاَّ فِي الْجِدَالِ بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)لِأَصْحَابِهِ:قُولُوا: إِيّٰاكَ نَعْبُدُ [1]أَيْ نَعْبُدُ وَاحِداً،لاَ نَقُولُ كَمَا قَالَتِ الدَّهْرِيَّةُ: إِنَّ الْأَشْيَاءَ لاَ بَدْءَ لَهَا وَ هِيَ دَائِمَةٌ،وَ لاَ كَمَا قَالَتِ الثَّنَوِيَّةُ الَّذِينَ قَالُوا:إِنَّ النُّورَ وَ الظُّلْمَةَ هُمَا الْمُدَبِّرَانِ،وَ لاَ كَمَا قَالَ مُشْرِكُو الْعَرَبِ:إِنَّ أَوْثَانَنَا آلِهَةٌ،فَلاَ نُشْرِكُ بِكَ شَيْئاً،وَ لاَ نَدْعُو مِنْ دُونِكَ إِلَهاً،كَمَا يَقُولُ هَؤُلاَءِ الْكُفَّارُ،وَ لاَ نَقُولُ كَمَا قَالَتِ الْيَهُودُ وَ النَّصَارَى:إِنَّ لَكَ وَلَداً،تَعَالَيْتَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ[عُلُوّاً كَبِيراً]». قَالَ:«فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ: وَ قٰالُوا لَنْ يَدْخُلَ الْجَنَّةَ إِلاّٰ مَنْ كٰانَ هُوداً أَوْ نَصٰارىٰ وَ قَالَ غَيْرُهُمْ مِنْ هَؤُلاَءِ الْكُفَّارِ مَا قَالُوا،قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى:يَا مُحَمَّدُ تِلْكَ أَمٰانِيُّهُمْ الَّتِي يَتَمَنَّوْنَهَا بِلاَ حُجَّةٍ قُلْ هٰاتُوا بُرْهٰانَكُمْ حُجَّتَكُمْ عَلَى دَعْوَاكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صٰادِقِينَ كَمَا أَتَى مُحَمَّدٌ بِبَرَاهِينِهِ الَّتِي سَمِعْتُمُوهَا. ثُمَّ قَالَ: بَلىٰ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ وَجْهَهُ لِلّٰهِ يَعْنِي كَمَا فَعَلَ هَؤُلاَءِ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)لَمَّا سَمِعُوا بَرَاهِينَهُ وَ حُجَجَهُ وَ هُوَ مُحْسِنٌ فِي عَمَلِهِ لِلَّهِ فَلَهُ أَجْرُهُ ثَوَابُهُ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِ يَوْمَ فَصْلِ الْقَضَاءِ وَ لاٰ خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ حِينَ يَخَافُ الْكَافِرُونَ مِمَّا يُشَاهِدُونَهُ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ وَ لاٰ هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ عِنْدَ الْمَوْتِ،لِأَنَّ الْبِشَارَةَ بِالْجِنَانِ تَأْتِيهِمْ». وَ سَيَأْتِي-إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى-مَعْنَى الْجِدَالِ بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ فِي تَفْسِيرِ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: وَ جٰادِلْهُمْ بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ مِنْ سُورَةِ النَّحْلِ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) [3]وَ الْحَدِيثُ طَوِيلٌ مَذْكُورٌ فِي تَفْسِيرِ الْعَسْكَرِيِّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،فِي تَفْسِيرِ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: وَ قٰالُوا لَنْ يَدْخُلَ الْجَنَّةَ إِلاّٰ مَنْ كٰانَ هُوداً أَوْ نَصٰارىٰ اخْتَصَرْنَاهُ مَخَافَةَ الْإِطَالَةِ.

Thus, disputation in the best manner has been coupled by the scholars with religion, while disputation in other than the best manner is forbidden—Allah, exalted, has forbidden it for our Shia. How could Allah prohibit disputation in an absolute sense while He says: “And they say: None shall enter the Garden except he who is a Jew or a Christian,” and Allah, exalted, said: “These are their wishful fancies. Say: Bring your proof if you are truthful”? So Allah has made the sign of truthfulness and faith to be the proof—and is the proof brought forth except in disputation in the best manner? The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) said to his companions: Say, “Thee do we serve” [1], that is, we worship the One; we do not say as the Dahriyyah said: “Things have no beginning and are eternal”; nor as the Thanawiyyah who said: “Light and darkness are the two directors”; nor as the Arab polytheists said: “Our idols are gods.” We do not associate anything with You, nor do we call upon any deity besides You as these unbelievers say; and we do not say, as the Jews and Christians said, that You have a son—exalted are You far above that [most high indeed]. He said: That is His saying: “And they say: None shall enter the Garden except he who is a Jew or a Christian,” and others among these unbelievers said what they said. Allah, exalted, said: O Muhammad, these are their wishful fancies which they wish without any proof. Say: Bring your proof—your argument for your claim—if you are truthful, just as Muhammad has brought his proofs which you have heard. Then He said: “Yes! whoever submits himself entirely to Allah,” meaning as those did who believed in the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) when they heard his proofs and arguments, “and he is a doer of good in his deeds for the sake of Allah—he shall have his reward, his recompense, with his Lord on the Day when judgment is decided. And there shall be no fear upon them when the unbelievers fear what they witness of the punishment, nor shall they grieve at death, because the glad tidings of the Gardens come to them.” And the meaning of disputation in the best manner will come—if Allah, exalted, wills—in the exegesis of His saying: “And dispute with them in the best manner” from Surah al-Nahl, from al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) [3]. The report is long and is mentioned in the Tafsir of al-‘Askari (peace be upon him) under the exegesis of His saying: “And they say: None shall enter the Garden except he who is a Jew or a Christian,” which we have abridged for fear of prolixity.

[1] الفاتحة 1:5.

[1] al-Fātiḥah 1:5.

[2] في المصدر:العقاب.

[2] fī al-maṣdar: al-‘iqāb.

[3] يأتي في الحديث(3)من تفسير الآية(125)من سورة النحل.

[3] ya’tī fī al-ḥadīth (3) min tafsīr al-āyah (125) min Sūrat al-Naḥl.

قوله تعالى: وَ قٰالَتِ الْيَهُودُ لَيْسَتِ النَّصٰارىٰ عَلىٰ شَيْءٍ وَ قٰالَتِ النَّصٰارىٰ لَيْسَتِ الْيَهُودُ عَلىٰ شَيْءٍ وَ هُمْ يَتْلُونَ الْكِتٰابَ كَذٰلِكَ قٰالَ الَّذِينَ لاٰ يَعْلَمُونَ مِثْلَ قَوْلِهِمْ فَاللّٰهُ يَحْكُمُ بَيْنَهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيٰامَةِ فِيمٰا كٰانُوا فِيهِ يَخْتَلِفُونَ[113]

Quran 2:113 (M. H. Shakir): And the Jews say: The Christians follow nothing (good) and the Christians say: The Jews follow nothing (good) while they recite the Book. Even thus say those who have no knowledge, like what they say; so Allah shall judge between them on the day of resurrection in what they differ.