S 3 A 65-67

فَغَدَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)فَأَخَذَ بِيَدِ عَلِيٍّ وَ فَاطِمَةَ وَ الْحَسَنِ وَ الْحُسَيْنِ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)،ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِمَا،فَأَبَيَا أَنْ يُجِيبَاهُ،فَأَقَرَّ الْخَرَاجَ عَلَيْهِمَا،فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):«وَ الَّذِي بَعَثَنِي بِالْحَقِّ نَبِيّاً لَوْ فَعَلاَ لَأَمْطَرَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمَا الْوَادِيَ نَاراً». قَالَ جَابِرٌ:نَزَلَتْ فِيهِمْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فَقُلْ تَعٰالَوْا نَدْعُ أَبْنٰاءَنٰا وَ أَبْنٰاءَكُمْ وَ نِسٰاءَنٰا وَ نِسٰاءَكُمْ وَ أَنْفُسَنٰا وَ أَنْفُسَكُمْ . قَالَ الشَّعْبِيُّ: أَبْنٰاءَنٰا الْحَسَنُ وَ الْحُسَيْنُ وَ نِسٰاءَنٰا فَاطِمَةُ وَ أَنْفُسَنٰا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ). قُلْتُ:اَلْأَخْبَارُ بِذَلِكَ مِنَ الْفَرِيقَيْنِ مُتَضَافِرَةٌ،اقْتَصَرْنَا عَلَى هَذَا الْيَسِيرِ مَخَافَةَ الْإِطَالَةِ،وَ اللَّهُ الْمُوَفِّقُ.

The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and his Family, came early and took the hands of Ali, Fatimah, Hasan, and Husayn, peace be upon them. Then he sent to the two (Christian envoys), but they refused to respond to him, so he ratified the jizyah upon them. Then the Prophet, may Allah bless him and his Family, said: “By Him Who sent me with the truth as a Prophet, had they done so, Allah would have rained fire upon them in the valley.” Jabir said: Concerning them this verse was revealed: “Then come! Let us call our sons and your sons, and our women and your women, and our souls and your souls.” Al-Sha‘bi said: “Our sons” are Hasan and Husayn, “our women” is Fatimah, and “ourselves” is Ali ibn Abi Talib, blessings of Allah be upon them. I say: Reports of this from both groups are abundant; we have limited ourselves to this small portion for fear of prolixity. And Allah is the One who grants success.

[1] في المصدر: و اقرا بالخراج

[1] fi’l-maṣdar: wa aqra bil-kharāj

قوله تعالى:

قُلْ يٰا أَهْلَ الْكِتٰابِ تَعٰالَوْا إِلىٰ كَلِمَةٍ سَوٰاءٍ بَيْنَنٰا وَ بَيْنَكُمْ أَلاّٰ نَعْبُدَ إِلاَّ اللّٰهَ وَ لاٰ نُشْرِكَ بِهِ شَيْئاً وَ لاٰ يَتَّخِذَ بَعْضُنٰا بَعْضاً أَرْبٰاباً مِنْ دُونِ اللّٰهِ [64]

Say: O followers of the Book! come to an equitable proposition between us and you that we shall not serve any but Allah and (that) we shall not associate aught with Him, and (that) some of us shall not take others for lords besides Allah; but if they turn back, then say: Bear witness that we are Muslims. (Qur’an 3:64, M. H. Shakir)

99-/1734 _1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الشَّيْبَانِيُّ:رُوِيَ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ): «أَنَّ الْكَلِمَةَ هَاهُنَا هِيَ شَهَادَةُ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ،وَ أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،وَ أَنَّ عِيسَى عَبْدُ اللَّهِ،وَ أَنَّهُ مَخْلُوقٌ كَآدَمَ».

99-/1734 _1- Muhammad b. al-Hasan al-Shaybani: It is narrated from Ja‘far b. Muhammad, peace be upon them both: “The ‘word’ here is the testimony that there is no god but Allah, and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and his Family, and that Jesus is the servant of Allah, and that he is a created being like Adam.”

قوله تعالى:

يٰا أَهْلَ الْكِتٰابِ لِمَ تُحَاجُّونَ فِي إِبْرٰاهِيمَ وَ مٰا أُنْزِلَتِ التَّوْرٰاةُ وَ الْإِنْجِيلُ إِلاّٰ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ أَ فَلاٰ تَعْقِلُونَ -إلى قوله تعالى:- حَنِيفاً مُسْلِماً وَ مٰا كٰانَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ[65-67]

O followers of the Book! Why do you dispute about Abraham, when the Torah and the Gospel were not revealed till after him; do you not then understand? Behold! you are they who disputed about that of which you had knowledge; why then do you dispute about that of which you have no knowledge? And Allah knows while you do not know. Abraham was not a Jew nor a Christian but he was (an) upright (man), a Muslim, and he was not one of the polytheists. (Qur’an 3:65-67, M. H. Shakir)

_1) -نهج البيان 1:70(مخطوط).

_1) -Nahj al-Bayān 1:70 (makhṭūṭ).

_2) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:105.

_2) -Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:105.

وَ الْإِنْجِيلُ إِلاّٰ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ أَ فَلاٰ تَعْقِلُونَ ثم قال: هٰا أَنْتُمْ هٰؤُلاٰءِ أَيْ أَنْتُمْ يَا هَؤُلاَءِ حٰاجَجْتُمْ فِيمٰا لَكُمْ بِهِ عِلْمٌ يعني بما في التوراة و الإنجيل فَلِمَ تُحَاجُّونَ فِيمٰا لَيْسَ لَكُمْ بِهِ عِلْمٌ يعني بما في صحف إبراهيم وَ اللّٰهُ يَعْلَمُ وَ أَنْتُمْ لاٰ تَعْلَمُونَ ثم قال: مٰا كٰانَ إِبْرٰاهِيمُ يَهُودِيًّا وَ لاٰ نَصْرٰانِيًّا وَ لٰكِنْ كٰانَ حَنِيفاً مُسْلِماً وَ مٰا كٰانَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ .

“And the Gospel were not revealed till after him; do you not then understand?” Then He said: “Behold! you are they—O you people—who disputed about what you have knowledge of,” meaning what is in the Torah and the Gospel; “why then do you dispute about that of which you have no knowledge?” meaning what is in the Scrolls of Abraham. “And Allah knows while you do not know.” Then He said: “Abraham was not a Jew nor a Christian but he was (an) upright (man), a Muslim, and he was not one of the polytheists.”

99-/1736 _2- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَلَبِيِّ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ:«قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): مٰا كٰانَ إِبْرٰاهِيمُ يَهُودِيًّا وَ لاٰ نَصْرٰانِيًّا لاَ يَهُودِيّاً يُصَلِّي إِلَى الْمَغْرِبِ،وَ لاَ نَصْرَانِيّاً يُصَلِّي إِلَى الْمَشْرِقِ وَ لٰكِنْ كٰانَ حَنِيفاً مُسْلِماً يَقُولُ:كَانَ عَلَى دِينِ مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)».

99-/1736 _2- Al-‘Ayyāshī: From ‘Ubaydullāh al-Halabī, from Abū ‘Abdillāh, peace be upon him, who said: “The Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him, said: ‘Abraham was not a Jew nor a Christian—not a Jew praying toward the west, nor a Christian praying toward the east—but rather he was an upright Muslim.’ He said: ‘He was upon the religion of Muhammad, may Allah bless him and his Family.’”

قوله تعالى:

إِنَّ أَوْلَى النّٰاسِ بِإِبْرٰاهِيمَ لَلَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوهُ وَ هٰذَا النَّبِيُّ وَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَ اللّٰهُ وَلِيُّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ -إلى قوله تعالى- لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْجِعُونَ[68-72]

Most surely the nearest of people to Abraham are those who followed him and this Prophet and those who believe; and Allah is the guardian of the believers. A party of the followers of the Book desire that they should lead you astray, and they lead not astray but themselves, and they do not perceive. O followers of the Book! Why do you disbelieve in the communications of Allah while you witness (them)? O followers of the Book! Why do you confound the truth with the falsehood and hide the truth while you know? And a party of the followers of the Book say: Believe in that which has been revealed to those who believe in the first part of the day and disbelieve in the latter part of it, perhaps they go back on their religion. (Qur’an 3:68-72, M. H. Shakir)

99-/1737 _3- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي،عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ،عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ يُونُسَ،عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، قَالَ:قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «أَنْتُمْ وَ اللَّهِ مِنْ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ». فَقُلْتُ:مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ،جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ؟قَالَ:«نَعَمْ وَ اللَّهِ مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ»ثَلاَثاً.ثُمَّ نَظَرَ إِلَيَّ وَ نَظَرْتُ إِلَيْهِ،فَقَالَ:«يَا عُمَرُ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ فِي كِتَابِهِ: إِنَّ أَوْلَى النّٰاسِ بِإِبْرٰاهِيمَ لَلَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوهُ وَ هٰذَا النَّبِيُّ وَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَ اللّٰهُ وَلِيُّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ».

99-/1737 _3- ‘Alī b. Ibrāhīm said: My father narrated to me from Ibn Abī ‘Umayr, from Manṣūr b. Yūnus, from ‘Umar b. Yazīd, who said: Abū ‘Abdillāh, peace be upon him, said: “By Allah, you are of the House of Muhammad.” I said: “Of their very selves, may I be your ransom?” He said: “Yes, by Allah, of their very selves,” three times. Then he looked at me and I looked at him, and he said: “O ‘Umar, indeed Allah says in His Book: ‘Most surely the nearest of people to Abraham are those who followed him and this Prophet and those who believe; and Allah is the guardian of the believers.’”

99-/1738 _4- أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ:عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ،عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ،عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ الصَّيْرَفِيِّ، قَالَ:سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يَقُولُ: « إِنَّ أَوْلَى النّٰاسِ بِإِبْرٰاهِيمَ لَلَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوهُ وَ هٰذَا النَّبِيُّ وَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا »ثُمَّ قَالَ:«أَنْتُمْ وَ اللَّهِ عَلَى دِينِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)وَ مِنْهَاجِهِ،وَ أَنْتُمْ أَوْلَى النَّاسِ بِهِ».

99-/1738 _4- Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. Khālid: From Ibn Faḍḍāl, from Ḥammād b. ‘Uthmān, from ‘Abdullāh b. Sulaymān al-Ṣayrafī, who said: I heard Abū Ja‘far, peace be upon him, say: “‘Most surely the nearest of people to Abraham are those who followed him and this Prophet and those who believe.’” Then he said: “By Allah, you are upon the religion of Abraham, peace be upon him, and his path; and you are the people most entitled to him.”

99-/1739 _5- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنِ الْوَشَّاءِ،عَنْ مُثَنًّى،عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَجْلاَنَ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: إِنَّ أَوْلَى النّٰاسِ بِإِبْرٰاهِيمَ لَلَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوهُ وَ هٰذَا النَّبِيُّ وَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا قَالَ:«هُمُ الْأَئِمَّةُ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)وَ مَنِ اتَّبَعَهُمْ».

99-/1739 _5- Muḥammad b. Ya‘qūb: From al-Ḥusayn b. Muḥammad, from Mu‘allā b. Muḥammad, from al-Washshā’, from Muthannā, from ‘Abdullāh b. ‘Ajlān, from Abū Ja‘far, peace be upon him, regarding His saying, Most High: “Most surely the nearest of people to Abraham are those who followed him and this Prophet and those who believe,” he said: “They are the Imams, peace be upon them, and those who follow them.”

99-/1740 _6- الشَّيْخُ فِي(أَمَالِيهِ)،قَالَ:أَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ-يَعْنِي الْمُفِيدَ-قَالَ:أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ

99-/1740 _6- The Shaykh in his Amālī said: Muḥammad b. Muḥammad—meaning al-Mufīd—told me; he said: Abū ‘Abdillāh told me…

_2) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:60/177.

_2) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:60/177.

_3) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:105.

_3) -Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:105.

_4) -المحاسن:57/147.

_4) -al-Maḥāsin: 57/147.

_5) -الكافي 1:20/344.

_5) -al-Kāfī 1:20/344.

_6) -الأمالي 1:44.

_6) -al-Amālī 1:44.