S 2 A 181-182

قال:قلت:فهل لذلك حدّ؟ قال: «نعم». قلت: وما هو؟ قال: «أدنى ما يكون ثلث الثلث».

99-/— English: He said: I asked, “Is there a set limit for that?” He said, “Yes.” I asked, “What is it?” He said, “The least is one third of one third.”

قوله تعالى:

فَمَنْ بَدَّلَهُ بَعْدَ مٰا سَمِعَهُ فَإِنَّمٰا إِثْمُهُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يُبَدِّلُونَهُ إِنَّ اللّٰهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ (181)

فَمَنْ خٰافَ مِنْ مُوصٍ جَنَفاً أَوْ إِثْماً فَأَصْلَحَ بَيْنَهُمْ فَلاٰ إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ إِنَّ اللّٰهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ (182)

Quran 2:181-182 (M. H. Shakir):

Whoever then alters it after he has heard it, the sin of it then is only upon those who alter it; surely Allah is Hearing, Knowing.

But he who fears from the testator an error or a sin, so he makes peace between them, there is no blame on him; surely Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.

99-/810 _1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ: عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى، عَنْ حَرِيزٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى بِمَالِهِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ. فقال: «أَعْطِهِ لِمَنْ أَوْصَى بِهِ لَهُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ يَهُودِيًّا أَوْ نَصْرَانِيًّا، إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ: فَمَنْ بَدَّلَهُ بَعْدَ مَا سَمِعَهُ فَإِنَّمَا إِثْمُهُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يُبَدِّلُونَهُ إِنَّ اللّٰهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ».

99-/810 _1- English: Muhammad b. Ya‘qub, from ‘Ali b. Ibrahim, from his father, from Hammad b. ‘Isa, from Hariz, from Muhammad b. Muslim, said: I asked Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) about a man who bequeathed his wealth “in the way of Allah.” He said: “Give it to whomever he specified, even if he is a Jew or a Christian, for Allah, the Exalted, says: Whoever then alters it after he has heard it, the sin of it is only upon those who alter it; surely Allah is Hearing, Knowing.”

99-/811 _2- وَعَنْهُ: عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)، فِي رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى بِمَالِهِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ. قال: «أَعْطِ لِمَنْ أَوْصَى بِهِ لَهُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ يَهُودِيًّا أَوْ نَصْرَانِيًّا، إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى يَقُولُ: فَمَنْ بَدَّلَهُ بَعْدَ مَا سَمِعَهُ فَإِنَّمَا إِثْمُهُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يُبَدِّلُونَهُ».

99-/811 _2- English: And from him: from Muhammad b. Yahya, from Muhammad b. al-Husayn, from ‘Ali b. al-Hakam, from al-‘Ala’, from Muhammad b. Muslim, from one of the two (peace be upon them), regarding a man who bequeathed his wealth “in the way of Allah.” He said: “Give it to whomever he specified, even if he is a Jew or a Christian, for Allah, Blessed and Exalted, says: Whoever then alters it after he has heard it, the sin of it is only upon those who alter it.”

99-/812 _3- وَعَنْهُ: عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَهْزِيَارَ، قَالَ: كَتَبَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) إِلَى جَعْفَرٍ وَمُوسَى: «وَفِيمَا أَمَرْتُكُمَا مِنَ الْإِشْهَادِ بِكَذَا وَكَذَا، نَجَاةٌ لَكُمَا فِي آخِرَتِكُمَا، وَإِنْفَاذًا لِمَا أَوْصَى بِهِ أَبَوَاكُمَا، وَبِرًّا مِنْكُمَا لَهُمَا، وَاحْذَرَا أَنْ تَكُونَا بَدَّلْتُمَا وَصِيَّتَهُمَا أَوْ غَيَّرْتُمَاهَا عَنْ حَالِهَا، لِأَنَّهُمَا قَدْ خَرَجَا مِنْ ذَلِكَ (رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا)، وَصَارَ ذَلِكَ فِي رِقَابِكُمَا، وَقَدْ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى فِي كِتَابِهِ فِي الْوَصِيَّةِ: فَمَنْ بَدَّلَهُ بَعْدَ مَا سَمِعَهُ فَإِنَّمَا إِثْمُهُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يُبَدِّلُونَهُ إِنَّ اللّٰهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ».

99-/812 _3- English: And from him: from a number of our companions, from Sahl b. Ziyad, from ‘Ali b. Mahzyar, who said: Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) wrote to Ja‘far and Musa: “In what I commanded you regarding witnessing such-and-such, there is salvation for both of you in your Hereafter, fulfillment of what your parents bequeathed, and dutifulness from you toward them. Beware that you two should alter their will or change it from its state, for they are absolved of that (may Allah be pleased with them), and it has become your responsibility. And Allah, Blessed and Exalted, has said in His Book regarding the will: Whoever then alters it after he has heard it, the sin of it is only upon those who alter it; surely Allah is Hearing, Knowing.”

[1] في المصدر زيادة: لا.

[1] fi al-masdar ziyādah: lā.

[2] في المصدر: و لا.

[2] fi al-masdar: wa lā.

99-/813 _4- وَعَنْهُ: عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ، عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا كَانَ بِهَمَذَانَ، ذَكَرَ أَنَّ أَبَاهُ مَاتَ، وَكَانَ لَا يَعْرِفُ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ، فَأَوْصَى بِوَصِيَّتِهِ عِنْدَ الْمَوْتِ، وَأَوْصَى أَنْ يُعْطَى شَيْءٌ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، فَسُئِلَ عَنْهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، كَيْفَ يُفْعَلُ بِهِ؟ وَأَخْبَرْنَاهُ أَنَّهُ كَانَ لَا يَعْرِفُ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ. فقال: «لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَوْصَى إِلَيَّ أَنْ أَضَعَ فِي يَهُودِيٍّ أَوْ نَصْرَانِيٍّ لَوَضَعْتُهُ فِيهِمَا، إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَقُولُ: فَمَنْ بَدَّلَهُ بَعْدَ مَا سَمِعَهُ فَإِنَّمَا إِثْمُهُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يُبَدِّلُونَهُ إِنَّ اللّٰهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ، فَانْظُرُوا إِلَى مَنْ يَخْرُجُ إِلَى هَذَا الْوَجْهِ - يَعْنِي الثُّغُورَ - فَابْعَثُوا بِهِ إِلَيْهِ».

99-/813 _4- English: And from him: from a number of our companions, from Sahl b. Ziyad, from Muhammad b. al-Walid, from Yunus b. Ya‘qub: A man in Hamadhan mentioned that his father died; he did not know this matter, and at death he made a will and bequeathed that something be given “in the way of Allah.” Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) was asked about him—how should it be handled? We informed him that he did not know this matter. He said: “If a man had instructed me to place [the bequest] with a Jew or a Christian, I would place it with them, for Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says: Whoever then alters it after he has heard it, the sin of it is only upon those who alter it; surely Allah is Hearing, Knowing. So look to those who go out in this cause—meaning the frontiers—and send it to them.”

99-/814 _5- وَعَنْهُ: عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ حَجَّاجٍ الْخَشَّابِ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ أَوْصَتْ إِلَيَّ بِمَالٍ أَنْ يُجْعَلَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، فَقِيلَ لَهَا: نَحُجُّ بِهِ؟ فَقَالَتْ: اجْعَلْهُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ. فَقَالُوا لَهَا: نُعْطِيهِ آلَ مُحَمَّدٍ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)؟ قَالَتْ: اجْعَلْهُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ. فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «اجْعَلْهُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ كَمَا أَمَرَتْ». قلتُ: مُرْنِي كَيْفَ أَجْعَلُهُ؟ قال: «اجْعَلْهُ كَمَا أَمَرَتْكَ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى يَقُولُ: فَمَنْ بَدَّلَهُ بَعْدَ مَا سَمِعَهُ فَإِنَّمَا إِثْمُهُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يُبَدِّلُونَهُ إِنَّ اللّٰهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ، أَرَأَيْتَكَ لَوْ أَمَرَتْكَ أَنْ تُعْطِيَهُ يَهُودِيًّا كُنْتَ تُعْطِيهِ نَصْرَانِيًّا؟!». قال: فَمَكَثْتُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ ثَلَاثَ سِنِينَ، ثُمَّ دَخَلْتُ عَلَيْهِ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ مِثْلَ الَّذِي قُلْتُ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ، فَسَكَتَ هُنَيْئَةً، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «هَاتِهَا». قلتُ: مَنْ أُعْطِيهَا؟ قال: «عِيسَى شَلَقَانَ».

99-/814 _5- English: And from him: from a number of our companions, from Ahmad b. Muhammad b. ‘Isa, from ‘Ali b. al-Hakam, from Hajjaj the wood-seller, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), who said: I asked him about a woman who entrusted to me wealth to be put “in the way of Allah.” It was said to her, “Shall we perform Hajj with it?” She said, “Put it in the way of Allah.” They said to her, “Shall we give it to the family of Muhammad (peace be upon them)?” She said, “Put it in the way of Allah.” Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) said: “Put it in the way of Allah as she commanded.” I said, “Direct me how I should put it.” He said: “Put it as she commanded you. Indeed Allah, Blessed and Exalted, says: Whoever then alters it after he has heard it, the sin of it is only upon those who alter it; surely Allah is Hearing, Knowing. Tell me, if she had commanded you to give it to a Jew, would you give it to a Christian?!” He said: I waited three years after that, then I entered upon him and said to him what I had said the first time; he was silent for a moment and then said, “Bring it.” I said, “To whom shall I give it?” He said, “To ‘Isa Shalaqān.”

[1] عيسى شلقان: وهو عيسى بن أبي منصور مولى كوفي... رجال الطوسيّ:257، معجم رجال الحديث 13:176.

[1] ‘Īsā Shalaqān: wa huwa ‘Īsā b. Abī Mansūr, mawlā Kūfī… Rijāl al-Tūsī: 257, Mu‘jam Rijāl al-Hadīth 13:176.

99-/815 _6- وَعَنْهُ: عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ مُسْكَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، قَالَ: سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى بِحِجَّةٍ، فَجَعَلَهَا وَصِيُّهُ فِي نَسَمَةٍ. فقال: «يَغْرَمُهَا وَصِيُّهُ، وَيَجْعَلُهَا فِي حِجَّةٍ كَمَا أَوْصَى بِهِ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى يَقُولُ: فَمَنْ بَدَّلَهُ بَعْدَ مَا سَمِعَهُ فَإِنَّمَا إِثْمُهُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يُبَدِّلُونَهُ».

99-/815 _6- English: And from him: from Muhammad b. Yahya, from Ahmad b. Muhammad, from Muhammad b. Sinan, from Ibn Maskan, from Abu Sa‘id, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), who said: He was asked about a man who bequeathed a Hajj, but his executor put it into the emancipation of a slave. He said: “His executor must reimburse it and put it into a Hajj as he bequeathed, for Allah, Blessed and Exalted, says: Whoever then alters it after he has heard it, the sin of it is only upon those who alter it.”

99-/816 _7- العَيَّاشِيُّ: عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى بِمَالِهِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ. قال: «أَعْطِهِ لِمَنْ أَوْصَى لَهُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ يَهُودِيًّا أَوْ نَصْرَانِيًّا، لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ: فَمَنْ بَدَّلَهُ بَعْدَ مَا سَمِعَهُ فَإِنَّمَا إِثْمُهُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يُبَدِّلُونَهُ».

99-/816 _7- English: Al-‘Ayyashi: from Muhammad b. Muslim, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), who said: I asked him about a man who bequeathed his wealth “in the way of Allah.” He said: “Give it to whomever he specified, even if he is a Jew or a Christian, because Allah says: Whoever then alters it after he has heard it, the sin of it is only upon those who alter it.”

[1] عيسى شلقان…

(footnote already provided above)

_1) -الكافي 7:1/14.

_1) -al-Kāfī 7:1/14.

_2) -الكافي 7:2/14.

_2) -al-Kāfī 7:2/14.

_3) -الكافي 7:3/14.

_3) -al-Kāfī 7:3/14.

_4) -الكافي 7:4/14.

_4) -al-Kāfī 7:4/14.

_5) -الكافي 7:1/15.

_5) -al-Kāfī 7:1/15.

_6) -الكافي 7:2/22.

_6) -al-Kāfī 7:2/22.

_7) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:169/77.

_7) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:169/77.

99-/817 _8- عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى بِحِجَّةٍ، فَجَعَلَهَا وَصِيُّهُ فِي نَسَمَةٍ. قال: «يَغْرَمُهَا وَصِيُّهُ، وَيَجْعَلُهَا فِي حِجَّةٍ كَمَا أَوْصَى بِهِ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ: فَمَنْ بَدَّلَهُ بَعْدَ مَا سَمِعَهُ فَإِنَّمَا إِثْمُهُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يُبَدِّلُونَهُ».

99-/817 _8- English: From Abu Sa‘id, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him): He was asked about a man who bequeathed a Hajj, but his executor put it into the emancipation of a slave. He said: “His executor must reimburse it and put it into a Hajj as he bequeathed, for Allah says: Whoever then alters it after he has heard it, the sin of it is only upon those who alter it.”

99-/818 _9- عَنْ مُثَنَّى بْنِ عَبْدِ السَّلَامِ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أُوصِيَ لَهُ بِوَصِيَّةٍ، فَمَاتَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْبِضَهَا وَلَمْ يَتْرُكْ عَقِبًا. قال: «اطْلُبْ لَهُ وَارِثًا أَوْ مَوْلًى فَادْفَعْهَا إِلَيْهِ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ: فَمَنْ بَدَّلَهُ بَعْدَ مَا سَمِعَهُ فَإِنَّمَا إِثْمُهُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يُبَدِّلُونَهُ». قلتُ: إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ كَانَ مِنْ أَهْلِ فَارِسَ، دَخَلَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ، لَمْ يُسَمِّ، وَلَا يُعْرَفُ لَهُ وَلِيٌّ؟ قال: «اجْهَدْ أَنْ تَقْدِرَ لَهُ عَلَى وَلِيٍّ، فَإِنْ لَمْ تَجِدْهُ وَعَلِمَ اللَّهُ مِنْكَ الْجَهْدَ، تَتَصَدَّقُ بِهَا».

99-/818 _9- English: From Muthanna b. ‘Abd al-Salam, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him): I asked him about a man for whom a bequest was made, but he died before receiving it and left no progeny. He said: “Seek an heir or a mawla for him and hand it over to him, for Allah says: Whoever then alters it after he has heard it, the sin of it is only upon those who alter it.” I said: The man was from the people of Fars; he entered Islam, was not known by name, and no guardian is known for him. He said: “Exert yourself to find a guardian for him; if you do not find one and Allah knows your effort, then give it in charity.”

99-/819 _10- عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُوقَةَ، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: فَمَنْ بَدَّلَهُ بَعْدَ مَا سَمِعَهُ فَإِنَّمَا إِثْمُهُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يُبَدِّلُونَهُ. قال: «نَسَخَتْهَا الَّتِي بَعْدَهَا: فَمَنْ خَافَ مِنْ مُوصٍ جَنَفًا أَوْ إِثْمًا، يَعْنِي الْمُوصَى إِلَيْهِ: إِنْ خَافَ جَنَفًا مِنَ الْمُوصِي إِلَيْهِ فِي ثُلُثِهِ جَمِيعًا، فِيمَا أَوْصَى بِهِ إِلَيْهِ، مِمَّا لَا يَرْضَى اللَّهُ بِهِ فِي خِلَافِ الْحَقِّ، فَلَا إِثْمَ عَلَى الْمُوصَى إِلَيْهِ أَنْ يُبَدِّلَهُ إِلَى الْحَقِّ، وَإِلَى مَا يَرْضَى اللَّهُ بِهِ مِنْ سَبِيلِ الْخَيْرِ».

99-/819 _10- English: From Muhammad b. Suqah, who said: I asked Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) about the saying of Allah: Whoever then alters it after he has heard it, the sin of it is only upon those who alter it. He said: “It is abrogated by the verse after it: But he who fears from the testator deviation or sin… meaning the executor: if he fears deviation from the testator regarding all of his third, in what he bequeathed to him—something Allah does not approve of, being contrary to the truth—then there is no sin upon the executor to alter it to the truth and to what Allah approves of among the ways of good.”

[1] الجنف: هو الميل والعدول عن الحق. «مجمع البحرين-جنف-5:33».

[1] al-janf: huwa al-mayl wa-l-‘udūl ‘an al-haqq. “Majma‘ al-Bahrayn – Janf – 5:33”.

99-/820 _11- عَنْ يُونُسَ، رَفَعَهُ إِلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، فِي قَوْلِهِ: فَمَنْ خَافَ مِنْ مُوصٍ جَنَفًا أَوْ إِثْمًا فَأَصْلَحَ بَيْنَهُمْ فَلَا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ. قال: «يَعْنِي إِذَا مَا اعْتَدَى فِي الْوَصِيَّةِ وَزَادَ فِي الثُّلُثِ».

99-/820 _11- English: From Yunus, who raised it to Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), regarding His saying: But he who fears from the testator deviation or sin and so makes peace between them, there is no blame on him. He said: “It means when [the testator] transgresses in the will and increases beyond the third.”

99-/821 _12- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ: عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ رِجَالِهِ، قَالَ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَطْلَقَ لِلْمُوصَى إِلَيْهِ أَنْ يُغَيِّرَ الْوَصِيَّةَ إِذَا لَمْ تَكُنْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ، وَكَانَ فِيهَا حَيْفٌ، وَيَرُدَّهَا إِلَى الْمَعْرُوفِ، لِقَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: فَمَنْ خَافَ مِنْ مُوصٍ جَنَفًا أَوْ إِثْمًا فَأَصْلَحَ بَيْنَهُمْ فَلَا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ».

99-/821 _12- English: Muhammad b. Ya‘qub: from ‘Ali b. Ibrahim, from his father, from his men, said: “Allah, Mighty and Majestic, has permitted the executor to change the will if it is not according to what is customary and there is injustice in it, and to return it to what is customary, due to His saying: But he who fears from the testator deviation or sin and so makes peace between them, there is no blame on him.”

99-/822 _13- وَعَنْهُ: عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ، عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُوقَةَ، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى: فَمَنْ بَدَّلَهُ بَعْدَ مَا سَمِعَهُ فَإِنَّمَا إِثْمُهُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يُبَدِّلُونَهُ.

99-/822 _13- English: And from him: from Muhammad b. Yahya, from Ahmad b. Muhammad, from al-Hasan b. Mahbub, from Abu Ayyub, from Muhammad b. Suqah, who said: I asked Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) about the saying of Allah, Blessed and Exalted: Whoever then alters it after he has heard it, the sin of it is only upon those who alter it.

_8) -تفسير العيّاشيّ 1:170/77.

_8) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:170/77.

_9) -تفسير العيّاشيّ 1:171/77.

_9) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:171/77.

_10) -تفسير العيّاشيّ 1:172/78.

_10) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:172/78.

_11) -تفسير العيّاشيّ 1:173/78.

_11) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:173/78.

_12) -الكافي 7:1/20.

_12) -al-Kāfī 7:1/20.

_13) -الكافي 7:2/21.

_13) -al-Kāfī 7:2/21.

[2] (عن أبيه) أثبتناه من المصدر…

[2] (‘an abīhi) athbatnāhu min al-masdar…

قَالَ: «نَسَخَتْهَا [الْآيَةُ] الَّتِي بَعْدَهَا قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: فَمَنْ خَافَ مِنْ مُوصٍ جَنَفًا أَوْ إِثْمًا فَأَصْلَحَ بَيْنَهُمْ فَلَا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ، أَيْ عَلَى الْمُوصَى إِلَيْهِ إِنْ خَافَ جَنَفًا مِنَ الْمُوصِي فِيمَا أَوْصَى بِهِ إِلَيْهِ، مِمَّا لَا يَرْضَى اللَّهُ بِهِ مِنْ خِلَافِ الْحَقِّ، فَلَا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ - أَيْ عَلَى الْمُوصَى إِلَيْهِ - أَنْ يُبَدِّلَهُ إِلَى الْحَقِّ، وَإِلَى مَا يَرْضَى اللَّهُ بِهِ مِنْ سَبِيلِ الْخَيْرِ».

99-/— English: He said: “It is abrogated by the verse after it—His saying, Mighty and Majestic: But he who fears from the testator deviation or sin and so makes peace between them, there is no blame on him—meaning upon the executor: if he fears deviation from the testator in what he bequeathed to him—something Allah does not approve of, being contrary to the truth—then there is no sin upon him (the executor) to alter it to the truth and to what Allah approves of among the ways of good.”

[1] في المصدر: قال يعني.

[1] fi al-masdar: qāla ya‘nī.

99-/823 _14- ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الصَّفَّارُ، عَنْ أَبِي طَالِبٍ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الصَّلْتِ الْقُمِّيِّ، عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، رَفَعَهُ إِلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، فِي قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: فَمَنْ خَافَ مِنْ مُوصٍ جَنَفًا أَوْ إِثْمًا فَأَصْلَحَ بَيْنَهُمْ فَلَا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ. قَالَ: «يَعْنِي إِذَا اعْتَدَى فِي الْوَصِيَّةِ، إِذَا ازْدَادَ عَلَى الثُّلُثِ».

99-/823 _14- English: Ibn Babawayh said: Muhammad b. al-Hasan narrated to us, who said: Muhammad b. al-Hasan al-Saffar narrated to us, from Abu Talib ‘Abdullah b. al-Salt al-Qummi, from Yunus b. ‘Abd al-Rahman, who raised it to Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), regarding His saying, Mighty and Majestic: But he who fears from the testator deviation or sin and so makes peace between them, there is no blame on him. He said: “It means when he transgresses in the will—when he increases beyond one third.”

99-/824 _15- وَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ: قَالَ الصَّادِقُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «إِذَا أَوْصَى الرَّجُلُ بِوَصِيَّةٍ، فَلَا يَحِلُّ لِلْوَصِيِّ أَنْ يُغَيِّرَ وَصِيَّةً يُوصِيهَا، بَلْ يُمْضِيهَا عَلَى مَا أَوْصَى، إِلَّا أَنْ يُوصِيَ بِغَيْرِ مَا أَمَرَ اللَّهُ، فَيَعْصِيَ فِي الْوَصِيَّةِ وَيَظْلِمَ، فَالْمُوصَى إِلَيْهِ جَائِزٌ لَهُ أَنْ يَرُدَّهُ إِلَى الْحَقِّ؛ مِثْلُ رَجُلٍ يَكُونُ لَهُ وَرَثَةٌ، فَيَجْعَلُ الْمَالَ كُلَّهُ لِبَعْضِ وَرَثَتِهِ وَيَحْرِمُ بَعْضًا، فَالْوَصِيُّ جَائِزٌ لَهُ أَنْ يَرُدَّهُ إِلَى الْحَقِّ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُهُ: جَنَفًا أَوْ إِثْمًا، وَالْجَنَفُ: الْمَيْلُ إِلَى بَعْضِ وَرَثَتِهِ دُونَ بَعْضٍ، وَالْإِثْمُ أَنْ يَأْمُرَ بِعِمَارَةِ بُيُوتِ النِّيرَانِ وَاتِّخَاذِ الْمُسْكِرِ، فَيَحِلُّ لِلْوَصِيِّ أَنْ لَا يَعْمَلَ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ».

99-/824 _15- English: And ‘Ali b. Ibrahim said: Al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: “When a man makes a will, it is not lawful for the executor to change a will that he is entrusted with; rather, he must carry it out as instructed—except if he wills what Allah has not commanded, thereby disobeying in the will and committing injustice. Then it is permissible for the executor to return it to the truth; like a man who has heirs and allocates all the wealth to some of his heirs and deprives others—then it is permissible for the executor to return it to the truth. This is His saying: deviation or sin. Deviation is partiality towards some heirs over others, and sin is that he commands the building of fire-temples or the procurement of intoxicants, so it is lawful for the executor not to act on any of that.”

99-/825 _16- أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الطَّبْرِسِيُّ، قَالَ: الْجَنَفُ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَلَى جِهَةِ الْخَطَإِ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَا يَدْرِي أَنَّهُ يَجُوزُ. قَالَ: رُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ).

99-/825 _16- English: Abu ‘Ali al-Tabrisi said: “Al-janf is when it occurs by way of error, because he does not know it is permissible.” He said: “This is narrated from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him).”

قوله تعالى:

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الصِّيَامُ كَمَا كُتِبَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ (183)

أَيَّامًا مَعْدُودَاتٍ (184)

Q2:183-184 (M. H. Shakir):

O you who believe! fasting is prescribed for you, as it was prescribed for those before you, so that you may guard (against evil).

For a fixed number of days.

99-/826 _1- ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ مَاجِيلَوَيْهِ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْبَرْقِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ الْبَرْقِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَبَلَةَ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ)، فِي …

99-/826 _1- English: Ibn Babawayh said: Muhammad b. ‘Ali Majilawayh narrated to us, from his uncle Muhammad b. Abi al-Qasim, from Ahmad b. Abi ‘Abdillah al-Barqi, from Abu al-Hasan ‘Ali b. al-Husayn al-Barqi, from ‘Abdullah b. Jabalāh, from Mu‘awiyah b. ‘Ammar, from al-Hasan b. ‘Abdullah, from his father, from his grandfather al-Hasan b. ‘Ali b. Abi Talib (peace be upon him), from the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family), regarding …

_14) -علل الشرائع:4/567.

_14) -‘Ilal al-Sharā’i‘ 4:567.

_15) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:65.

_15) -Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:65.

_16) -مجمع البيان 1:486.

_16) -Majma‘ al-Bayān 1:486.

_1) -أمالي الصدوق:1/161.

_1) -Amālī al-Sadūq 1:161.