Al-Isra Ayah 78

الإسراء آيه 78

أَقِمِ الصَّلاٰةَ لِدُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ إِلىٰ غَسَقِ اللَّيْلِ وَ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ إِنَّ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ كٰانَ مَشْهُوداً [78]

Establish prayer at the declining of the sun till the darkness of the night and (the recital of) the Quran at dawn; surely the recital of the Quran at dawn is witnessed. (Qur’an 17:78, M. H. Shakir)

وَ قَدْ قَضَى اللَّهُ عَلَى مُوسَى(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)وَ هُوَ مَعَ قَوْمِهِ يُرِيهِمُ الْآيَاتِ وَ الْعِبَرَ [1]،ثُمَّ مَرُّوا عَلَى قَوْمٍ يَعْبُدُونَ أَصْنَاماً قٰالُوا يٰا مُوسَى اجْعَلْ لَنٰا إِلٰهاً كَمٰا لَهُمْ آلِهَةٌ قٰالَ إِنَّكُمْ قَوْمٌ تَجْهَلُونَ [2]وَ اسْتَخْلَفَ مُوسَى هَارُونَ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ) فَنَصَبُوا عِجْلاً جَسَداً لَهُ خُوٰارٌ فَقٰالُوا هٰذٰا إِلٰهُكُمْ وَ إِلٰهُ مُوسىٰ [3]وَ تَرَكُوا هَارُونَ،فَقَالَ: يٰا قَوْمِ إِنَّمٰا فُتِنْتُمْ بِهِ وَ إِنَّ رَبَّكُمُ الرَّحْمٰنُ فَاتَّبِعُونِي وَ أَطِيعُوا أَمْرِي* قٰالُوا لَنْ نَبْرَحَ عَلَيْهِ عٰاكِفِينَ حَتّٰى يَرْجِعَ إِلَيْنٰا مُوسىٰ [4]فَضَرَبَ لَكُمْ أَمْثَالَهُمْ،وَ بَيَّنَ لَكُمْ كَيْفَ صَنَعَ بِهِمْ».

And Allah had decreed for Moses (peace be upon him), while he was with his people showing them the signs and lessons [1]. Then they passed by a people who worshipped idols. They said, “O Moses, make for us a god just as they have gods.” He said, “Surely you are a people who are ignorant” [2]. And Moses appointed Aaron (peace be upon them) as his deputy. Then they set up a calf—an image with a lowing sound—so they said, “This is your god and the god of Moses” [3]. They abandoned Aaron, and he said, “O my people, you have only been tested by it, and indeed your Lord is the All-beneficent; so follow me and obey my command.” They said, “We will never cease to be devoted to it until Moses returns to us” [4]. Thus He has set forth for you their examples, and clarified for you how He dealt with them.

وَ قَالَ:«إِنَّ نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)لَمْ يُقْبَضْ حَتَّى أَعْلَمَ النَّاسَ أَمْرَ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،فَقَالَ:مَنْ كُنْتُ مَوْلاَهُ فَعَلِيٌّ مَوْلاَهُ.وَ قَالَ:إِنَّهُ مِنِّي بِمَنْزِلَةِ هَارُونَ مِنْ مُوسَى غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ لاَ نَبِيَّ بَعْدِي.وَ كَانَ صَاحِبَ رَايَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)فِي الْمَوَاطِنِ كُلِّهَا،وَ كَانَ مَعَهُ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ يَدْخُلُهُ عَلَى كُلِّ حَالٍ،وَ كَانَ أَوَّلَ النَّاسِ إِيمَاناً بِهِ،فَلَمَّا قُبِضَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)كَانَ الَّذِي كَانَ،لِمَا قَدْ قُضِيَ مِنَ الاِخْتِلاَفِ،وَ عَمَدَ عُمَرُ فَبَايَعَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ وَ لَمْ يُدْفَنْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)بَعْدُ،فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ عَلِيٌّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،وَ رَأَى النَّاسَ قَدْ بَايَعُوا أَبَا بَكْرٍ خَشِيَ أَنْ يَفْتَتِنَ النَّاسُ فَفَرَغَ إِلَى كِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَ أَخَذَ بِجَمْعِهِ فِي مُصْحَفٍ،فَأَرْسَلَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ إِلَيْهِ أَنْ تَعَالَ فَبَايِعْ،فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):لاَ أَخْرُجُ حَتَّى أَجْمَعَ الْقُرْآنَ؛فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى،فَقَالَ:لاَ أَخْرُجُ حَتَّى أَفْرُغَ،فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ الثَّالِثَةَ عُمَرُ رَجُلاً يُقَالُ لَهُ [5]:قُنْفُذٌ،فَقَامَتْ فَاطِمَةُ بِنْتُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمَا)تَحُولُ بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)فَضَرَبَهَا،فَانْطَلَقَ قُنْفُذٌ وَ لَيْسَ مَعَهُ عَلِيٌّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، فَخَشِيَ أَنْ يَجْمَعَ عَلِيٌّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)النَّاسَ،فَأَمَرَ بِحَطَبٍ فَجَعَلَ الْحَطَبَ حَوَالَيْ [6] بَيْتِهِ،ثُمَّ انْطَلَقَ عُمَرُ بِنَارٍ،فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يُحْرِقَ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)بَيْتَهُ وَ عَلَى فَاطِمَةَ وَ الْحَسَنِ وَ الْحُسَيْنِ(صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ)،فَلَمَّا رَأَى عَلِيٌّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)ذَلِكَ خَرَجَ فَبَايَعَ كَارِهاً غَيْرَ طَائِعٍ».

And he said: “Surely the Prophet of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) did not pass away until he had apprised the people of the matter concerning Ali (peace be upon him). He said: ‘Whoever’s master I am, Ali is his master.’ And he said: ‘He is to me as Aaron was to Moses, except that there is no prophet after me.’ He was the standard-bearer of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) in all the battlefields, and he was with him in the mosque, entering it in every state. He was the first of the people to believe in him. When the Prophet of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) passed away, what happened, happened, due to what had been decreed of disagreement. Umar proceeded and pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr before the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) had been buried. When Ali (peace be upon him) saw that, and saw that the people had pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr, he feared that the people would be tempted, so he turned to the Book of Allah and set about gathering it into a codex. Abu Bakr sent to him, saying, ‘Come and pledge allegiance.’ Ali (peace be upon him) said, ‘I will not go out until I have gathered the Qur’an.’ He sent to him a second time, and he said, ‘I will not go out until I have finished.’ Then the third time Umar sent a man called [5] Qunfudh. Fatima, daughter of the Messenger of Allah (blessings of Allah be upon them), stood between him and Ali (peace be upon him), so he struck her. Qunfudh went off without Ali (peace be upon him). Umar feared that Ali (peace be upon him) would gather the people, so he ordered firewood, and the wood was placed [6] around his house. Then Umar came with fire, intending to burn the house upon Ali (peace be upon him), and upon Fatima, Hasan, and Husayn (blessings be upon them). When Ali (peace be upon him) saw that, he came out and pledged allegiance, reluctantly and not willingly.”

99-/6492 _2- عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ:عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: سُنَّةَ مَنْ قَدْ أَرْسَلْنٰا قَبْلَكَ مِنْ رُسُلِنٰا .

قَالَ:«هِيَ سُنَّةُ مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)وَ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَهُ مِنَ الرُّسُلِ،وَ هُوَ الْإِسْلاَمُ».

99-/6492 _2- From Abu al-‘Abbas, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) regarding Allah’s words: “(Such has been) the way of those whom We have sent before you of Our messengers.” He said: “It is the way (sunnah) of Muhammad (may Allah bless him and his family) and those messengers before him; and it is Islam.”

قوله تعالى:

أَقِمِ الصَّلاٰةَ لِدُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ إِلىٰ غَسَقِ اللَّيْلِ وَ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ إِنَّ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ كٰانَ مَشْهُوداً [78]

Establish prayer at the declining of the sun till the darkness of the night and (the recital of) the Quran at dawn; surely the recital of the Quran at dawn is witnessed. (Qur’an 17:78, M. H. Shakir)

_2) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:135/308.

_2) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:135/308.

[1] في«ط»:و المثل،و في المصدر:و النذر.

[1] fī “Ṭ”: wa al-mathal, wa fī al-maṣdar: wa al-nudhur.

[2] الأعراف 7:138.

[2] al-A‘rāf 7:138.

[3] طه 20:88.

[3] Ṭā Hā 20:88.

[4] طه 20:90-91.

[4] Ṭā Hā 20:90-91.

[5] في المصدر:ابن عمّ له يقال.

[5] fī al-maṣdar: ibn ‘amm lahu yuqāl.

[6] في المصدر:الحطب على باب.

[6] fī al-maṣdar: al-ḥaṭab ‘alā bāb.

99-/6493 _1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ،عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ جَمِيعاً،عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنْ حَرِيزٍ، عَنْ زُرَارَةَ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَمَّا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مِنَ الصَّلاَةِ.فَقَالَ:«خَمْسُ صَلَوَاتٍ فِي اللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهَارِ».

فَقُلْتُ:فَهَلْ سَمَّاهُنَّ اللَّهُ وَ بَيَّنَهُنَّ فِي كِتَابِهِ؟قَالَ:«نَعَمْ،قَالَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى لِنَبِيِّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) أَقِمِ الصَّلاٰةَ لِدُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ إِلىٰ غَسَقِ اللَّيْلِ وَ دُلُوكُهَا:زَوَالُهَا،فَفِيمَا بَيْنَ دُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ إِلَى غَسَقِ اللَّيْلِ أَرْبَعُ صَلَوَاتٍ،سَمَّاهُنَّ اللَّهُ وَ بَيَّنَهُنَّ وَ وَقَّتَهُنَّ،وَ غَسَقُ اللَّيْلِ هُوَ انْتِصَافُهُ،ثُمَّ قَالَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى: وَ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ إِنَّ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ كٰانَ مَشْهُوداً ».

99-/6493 _1- Muhammad b. Ya‘qub, from ‘Ali b. Ibrahim, from his father, from Hammad b. ‘Isa; and Muhammad b. Yahya, from Ahmad b. Muhammad b. ‘Isa and Muhammad b. Isma‘il, from al-Fadl b. Shadhan—all from Hammad b. ‘Isa, from Hariz, from Zurara, who said: I asked Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) about what Allah, Mighty and Majestic, has made obligatory of the prayer. He said: “Five prayers in the night and the day.” I said: Has Allah named them and clarified them in His Book? He said: “Yes. Allah, Blessed and Exalted, said to His Prophet (may Allah bless him and his family): ‘Establish prayer at the declining of the sun till the darkness of the night,’ and its decline is its zenithing (zawal). So between the declination of the sun and the darkness of the night are four prayers; Allah has named them, clarified them, and set their times. And ‘the darkness of the night’ is its middle (midnight). Then He, Blessed and Exalted, said: ‘And the Qur’an at dawn; surely the Qur’an at dawn is witnessed.’”

وَ رَوَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ فِي(الْعِلَلِ)قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي(رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ)،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حَدِيدٍ وَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي نَجْرَانَ،عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنْ حَرِيزِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ السِّجِسْتَانِيِّ،عَنْ زُرَارَةَ بْنِ أَعْيَنَ،قَالَ:سُئِلَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٌ،(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)وَ ذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ [1].

And Ibn Babawayh narrated this hadith in (al-‘Ilal), saying: My father (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated to us, he said: Sa‘d b. ‘Abdullah, from Ahmad b. Muhammad b. ‘Isa, from ‘Ali b. Hadid and ‘Abd al-Rahman b. Abi Najran, from Hammad b. ‘Isa, from Hariz b. ‘Abdullah al-Sijistani, from Zurara b. A‘yan, who said: Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) was asked—and he mentioned the hadith [1].

وَ رَوَاهُ أَيْضاً فِي(الْفَقِيهِ):بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ،قَالَ:قِيلَ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،وَ ذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ [2].

And he also narrated it in (al-Faqih) with his chain from Zurara, who said: It was said to Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him)—and he mentioned the hadith [2].

_1) -الكافي 3:1/271.

_1) -al-Kāfī 3:1/271.

_2) -الكافي 3:1/275.

_2) -al-Kāfī 3:1/275.

_3) -الكافي 8:536/338.

_3) -al-Kāfī 8:536/338.

[1] علل الشرائع:1/354.

[1] ‘Ilal al-Sharā’i‘ 1:354.

[2] من لا يحضره الفقيه 1:600/124.

[2] Man lā yaḥḍuruhu al-Faqīh 1:600/124.

99-/6494 _2- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنْ يُونُسَ،عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ خَلِيفَةَ،قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):إِنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ حَنْظَلَةَ أَتَانَا عَنْكَ بِوَقْتٍ.فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«إِذَنْ لاَ يَكْذِبُ عَلَيْنَا».

قُلْتُ:ذَكَرَ أَنَّكَ قُلْتَ:«إِنَّ أَوَّلَ صَلاَةٍ افْتَرَضَهَا اللَّهُ عَلَى نَبِيِّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)الظُّهْرُ،وَ هُوَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: أَقِمِ الصَّلاٰةَ لِدُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ فَإِذَا زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ لاَ يَمْنَعُكَ إِلاَّ سُبْحَتُكَ،ثُمَّ لاَ تَزَالُ فِي وَقْتٍ إِلَى أَنْ يَصِيرَ الظِّلُّ قَامَةً، وَ هُوَ آخِرُ الْوَقْتِ،فَإِذَا صَارَ الظِّلُّ قَامَةً دَخَلَ وَقْتُ الْعَصْرِ،فَلَمْ تَزَلْ فِي وَقْتِ الْعَصْرِ حَتَّى يَصِيرَ الظِّلُّ قَامَتَيْنِ،وَ ذَلِكَ الْمَسَاءُ».

فَقَالَ:«صَدَقَ».

99-/6494 _2- And from him, from ‘Ali b. Ibrahim, from Muhammad b. ‘Isa, from Yunus, from Yazid b. Khalifa, who said: I said to Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him): Umar b. Hanzala came to us from you with (the explanation of) a time. Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) said: “Then he does not lie about us.” I said: He mentioned that you said: “The first prayer Allah made obligatory upon His Prophet (may Allah bless him and his family) is the noon (zuhr); and it is Allah’s word: ‘Establish prayer at the declining of the sun.’ So when the sun declines, nothing should prevent you except your supererogatory prayer (subha). Then it remains within its time until the shadow becomes a cubit (a person’s height); that is the end of the time. When the shadow becomes a cubit, the time of ‘asr enters; and it remains within the time of ‘asr until the shadow becomes two cubits; and that is the evening.” He said: “He spoke the truth.”

99-/6495 _3- وَ عَنْهُ:بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ،عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ،عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ،عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ،قَالَ:

سَأَلْتُ عَلِيَّ بْنَ الْحُسَيْنِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):اِبْنُ كَمْ كَانَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يَوْمَ أَسْلَمَ؟ فَقَالَ:«أَ وَ كَانَ كَافِراً قَطُّ،إِنَّمَا كَانَ لِعَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يَوْمَ بَعَثَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)عَشْرَ سِنِينَ،

99-/6495 _3- And from him, with his chain, from Ibn Mahbub, from Hisham b. Salim, from Abu Hamza, from Sa‘id b. al-Musayyab, who said: I asked ‘Ali b. al-Husayn (peace be upon him), “How many years old was ‘Ali b. Abi Talib (peace be upon him) the day he ‘accepted Islam’?” He said: “Was he ever an unbeliever at all? ‘Ali (peace be upon him) was ten years old on the day Allah, Mighty and Majestic, sent the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family). He was not an unbeliever that day; indeed, he had believed in Allah, Blessed and Exalted, and in His Messenger (may Allah bless him and his family), and he preceded all people to faith in Allah and His Messenger (may Allah bless him and his family), and (preceded them) to prayer by three years. The first prayer he prayed with the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) was zuhr, two rak‘as—and thus Allah, Blessed and Exalted, prescribed it upon whoever accepted Islam in Mecca: two rak‘as, two rak‘as. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) used to pray it in Mecca two rak‘as, and ‘Ali (peace be upon him) prayed it with him in Mecca two rak‘as for ten years, until the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) migrated to Medina, having left ‘Ali (peace be upon him) behind for affairs which no one other than him could undertake. The departure of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) from Mecca was on the first day of Rabi‘ al-Awwal, on a Thursday, in the thirteenth year after the mission. He arrived in Medina twelve nights having passed of Rabi‘ al-Awwal, at midday. He alighted at Quba [3] and prayed zuhr two rak‘as and ‘asr two rak‘as. He remained there, awaiting ‘Ali (peace be upon him), praying the five prayers as two rak‘as each. He was staying with the Banu ‘Amr b. ‘Awf, and he stayed with them a dozen days or so. They would say to him, ‘Will you stay with us so we can build for you a dwelling and a mosque?’ He would say, ‘No. I am awaiting the arrival of ‘Ali b. Abi Talib, and I have commanded him to join me. I will not settle until he catches up with me, and I will not establish residence until ‘Ali arrives—and how swift he is, God willing!’ Then ‘Ali (peace be upon him) arrived while the Prophet (may Allah bless him and his family) was in the house of ‘Amr b. ‘Awf, and he stayed with him. When the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) received ‘Ali (peace be upon him), he moved from Quba to Banu Salim b. ‘Awf, with ‘Ali (peace be upon him) with him, on Friday at sunrise. He marked out for them a mosque and set its qibla, and he led them in the Friday prayer there—two rak‘as—and delivered two sermons. Then, that same day, he proceeded to Medina on the she-camel on which he had arrived, and ‘Ali (peace be upon him) was with him, not leaving him, walking as he walked. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) would not pass by a clan of the Ansar without them rising to him, asking him to alight among them, but he would say to them, ‘Make way for the she-camel; she is commanded.’ So she proceeded with him while the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) held her halter, until she stopped at the place you see”—and he pointed with his hand to the door of the Mosque of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) where the funerals are prayed—“and there she knelt and placed her neck on the ground. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) dismounted, and Abu Ayyub rushed forward, took his saddle, and carried it into his house. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) entered, with ‘Ali (peace be upon him) with him, until his mosque was built and his dwellings and the residence of ‘Ali (peace be upon him) were built; then both moved into their residences.” Sa‘id b. al-Musayyab said to ‘Ali b. al-Husayn (peace be upon him): “May I be your ransom—Abu Bakr was with the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) when he approached Medina; where did he separate from him?” He said: “When the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) arrived at Quba and stayed with them awaiting the arrival of ‘Ali (peace be upon him), Abu Bakr said to him, ‘Set out with us to Medina—the people have rejoiced at your coming and are awaiting your arrival; set out with us and do not stay here awaiting ‘Ali. I do not think he will arrive to you within a month.’ The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) said to him, ‘No; how swift he is! I will not depart until my cousin and my brother in Allah, Mighty and Majestic, and the most beloved of my household to me, arrives; for he has shielded me with himself from the polytheists.’” He said: “Abu Bakr became angry at that and was repelled, and envy of ‘Ali (peace be upon him) entered him because of that—and that was the first enmity that appeared from him toward the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) regarding ‘Ali (peace be upon him), and the first opposition to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family). So he set out until he entered Medina, while the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) remained at Quba awaiting the arrival of ‘Ali (peace be upon him).” I said to ‘Ali b. al-Husayn (peace be upon him): When did the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) marry Fatima to ‘Ali (peace be upon him)? He said: “In Medina, a year after the Hijrah; and she was nine years old that day.” ‘Ali b. al-Husayn (peace be upon him) said: “And there was no child born to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) from Khadija upon the natural disposition of Islam except Fatima (peace be upon her). Khadija had died a year before the Hijrah, and Abu Talib died a year after Khadija’s death. When the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) lost them both, he grew weary of residing in Mecca, great grief entered him, and he feared for himself from the unbelievers of Quraysh. He complained of that to Jibril (peace be upon him); so Allah, Mighty and Majestic, revealed to him: ‘Leave the town whose people are wrongdoers, and migrate to Medina; for you have today no helper in Mecca. Set war in array against the polytheists.’ At that, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) set out for Medina.” I said to him: Then when were the prayers prescribed upon the Muslims as they are today? He said: “In Medina, when the call (to Islam) became manifest and Islam grew strong, and Allah, Mighty and Majestic, prescribed jihad upon the Muslims, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) added seven rak‘as: in zuhr two rak‘as; in ‘asr two rak‘as; in maghrib one rak‘a; and in the last ‘isha’ two rak‘as; and he left fajr as it had been prescribed, due to the swift descent of the angels of the day from the heaven and the swift ascent of the angels of the night to the heaven. The angels of the night and the angels of the day would witness with the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) the prayer of fajr; thus Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: ‘And the Qur’an at dawn—surely the Qur’an at dawn is witnessed’—it is witnessed by the Muslims, and witnessed by the angels of the day and the angels of the night.” Ibn Babawayh said: My father (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated to me, he said: Sa‘d b. ‘Abdullah, from Ahmad b. Muhammad b. ‘Isa, from al-Hasan b. Mahbub, who said: Hisham b. Salim narrated to us, from Abu Hamza, from Sa‘id b. al-Musayyab. He said: I asked ‘Ali b. al-Husayn (peace be upon him), and I said to him: When were the prayers prescribed upon the Muslims as they are today? He said: “In Medina, when the call became manifest and Islam grew strong …”—the hadith to the end, as previously mentioned at the end of the preceding narration [3].

[1] في«ط»:يقدر لها.

[1] fī “Ṭ”: yuqaddaru lahā.

[2] في«ط»:يوم خرج مهاجرا.

[2] fī “Ṭ”: yawm kharaja muhājiran.

[3] قُبا،بالضم:قرية قرب المدينة،و أصله اسم بئر عرفت القرية بها،و هي مساكن بني عمرو بن عوف من الأنصار،تقع على ميلين من المدينة على يسار القاصد إلى مكّة،و فيها مسجد التقوى.«مراصد الاطلاع 3:1061».

[3] Qubā, bil-ḍamm: qaryah qarba al-Madīnah … “Marāṣid al-Iṭṭilā‘ 3:1061”.

[4] جِران البعير:مقدّم عنقه من مذبحه إلى منحره.«الصحاح-جرن-5:2091».

[4] jirān al-ba‘īr: muqaddamu ‘unuqihi … “al-Ṣiḥāḥ – jrn – 5:2091”.

[5] في المصدر:و نزل.

[5] fī al-maṣdar: wa nazala.

[3] علل الشرائع:1/324.

[3] ‘Ilal al-Sharā’i‘ 1:324.

99-/6496 _4- الشَّيْخُ فِي(التَّهْذِيبِ):بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ،عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ،عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: أَقِمِ الصَّلاٰةَ لِدُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ إِلىٰ غَسَقِ اللَّيْلِ .

قَالَ:«إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى افْتَرَضَ أَرْبَعَ صَلَوَاتٍ:أَوَّلُ وَقْتِهَا مِنْ زَوَالِ الشَّمْسِ إِلَى انْتِصَافِ اللَّيْلِ،مِنْهَا صَلاَتَانِ،أَوَّلُ وَقْتِهِمَا عِنْدَ [1] زَوَالِ الشَّمْسِ إِلَى غُرُوبِ الشَّمْسِ».

99-/6496 _4- The Shaykh in (al-Tahdhib), with his chain, from Ahmad b. Muhammad b. ‘Isa, from Ahmad b. Muhammad b. Abi Nasr, from al-Dahhak b. Yazid, from ‘Ubayd b. Zurara, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) regarding His saying, Exalted is He: “Establish prayer at the declining of the sun till the darkness of the night.” He said: “Surely Allah, Exalted, has made four prayers obligatory; the beginning of their time is from the sun’s zenith (zawal) until midnight. Of them are two prayers, whose first time is from the sun’s zenith [1] until sunset.”

99-/6497 _5- وَ عَنْهُ:بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ،عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ،عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ،قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):أَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ أَفْضَلِ الْمَوَاقِيتِ فِي صَلاَةِ الْفَجْرِ؟ قَالَ:«مَعَ طُلُوعِ الْفَجْرِ،إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ: إِنَّ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ كٰانَ مَشْهُوداً يَعْنِي صَلاَةَ [2] الْفَجْرِ،تَشْهَدُهُ مَلاَئِكَةُ اللَّيْلِ وَ مَلاَئِكَةُ النَّهَارِ،فَإِذَا صَلَّى الْعَبْدُ صَلاَةَ الصُّبْحِ مَعَ طُلُوعِ الْفَجْرِ أُثْبِتَتْ لَهُ مَرَّتَيْنِ تُثْبِتُهُ مَلاَئِكَةُ اللَّيْلِ، وَ مَلاَئِكَةُ النَّهَارِ».

99-/6497 _5- And from him, with his chain, from Ahmad b. Muhammad, from Ahmad b. Muhammad b. Abi Nasr, from ‘Abd al-Rahman b. Salim, from Ishaq b. ‘Ammar, who said: I said to Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him): Inform me of the best time for the prayer of fajr. He said: “At the break of dawn. Indeed Allah, Exalted, says: ‘Surely the Qur’an at dawn is witnessed’—meaning the prayer of fajr [2]; it is witnessed by the angels of the night and the angels of the day. So when the servant prays the morning prayer at the break of dawn, it is recorded for him twice: the angels of the night record it, and the angels of the day (also) record it.”

وَ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ فِي(الْعِلَلِ):قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ،وَ سَاقَ الْحَدِيثَ إِلَى آخِرِهِ بِالسَّنَدِ وَ الْمَتْنِ [3].

And Ibn Babawayh narrated it in (al-‘Ilal): He said, My father narrated to us, he said: Sa‘d b. ‘Abdullah, from Ahmad b. Muhammad b. ‘Isa, from Ahmad b. Muhammad b. Abi Nasr—and he transmitted the hadith to its end with the chain and text [3].

وَ رَوَاهُ الْكُلَيْنِيُّ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ،وَ سَاقَ الْحَدِيثَ بِعَيْنِهِ [4].

And al-Kulayni narrated it: from ‘Ali b. Muhammad, from Sahl b. Ziyad, from Ahmad b. Muhammad b. Abi Nasr—and he transmitted the very same hadith [4].

_4) -التهذيب 2:72/25.

_4) -al-Tahdhīb 2:72/25.

_5) -التهذيب 2:116/37.

_5) -al-Tahdhīb 2:116/37.

_6) -الأمالي 2:306.

_6) -al-Amālī 2:306.

_7) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:136/308.

_7) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:136/308.

[1] في المصدر:من عند.

[1] fī al-maṣdar: min ‘ind.

[2] في«ط»:يعني قرآن.

[2] fī “Ṭ”: ya‘nī Qur’ān.

[3] علل الشرائع:1/336.

[3] ‘Ilal al-Sharā’i‘ 1:336.

[4] الكافي 3:2/282.

[4] al-Kāfī 3:2/282.

[5] الغَلَس:ظلمة آخر الليل.«الصحاح-غلس-3:956».

[5] al-ghalas: ẓulmat ākhir al-layl. “al-Ṣiḥāḥ – ghls – 3:956”.

[6] في«ط»:عن أبي عبد اللّه(عليه السّلام)

[6] fī “Ṭ”: ‘an Abī ‘Abdillāh (alayhi al-salām)

99-/6498 _6- الشَّيْخُ فِي(مَجَالِسِهِ):بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ رُزَيْقٍ،قَالَ: كَانَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يُصَلِّي الْغَدَاةَ بِغَلَسٍ [5]عِنْدَ طُلُوعِ الْفَجْرِ الصَّادِقِ،أَوَّلَ مَا يُبْدُو قَبْلَ أَنْ يَسْتَعْرِضَ،وَ كَانَ يَقُولُ:« وَ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ إِنَّ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ كٰانَ مَشْهُوداً إِنَّ مَلاَئِكَةَ اللَّيْلِ تَصْعَدُ وَ مَلاَئِكَةُ النَّهَارِ تَنْزِلُ عِنْدَ طُلُوعِ الْفَجْرِ،فَأَنَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ تَشْهَدَ مَلاَئِكَةُ اللَّيْلِ وَ مَلاَئِكَةُ النَّهَارِ صَلاَتِي».

قَالَ:وَ كَانَ يُصَلِّي الْمَغْرِبَ عِنْدَ سُقُوطِ الْقُرْصِ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَظْهَرَ النُّجُومُ.

99-/6498 _6- The Shaykh in (his Amali), with his chain, from Ruzayq, who said: Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) used to pray the morning prayer in darkness [5] at the rise of the true dawn—the first appearance before it spreads—and he used to say: “‘And the Qur’an at dawn—surely the Qur’an at dawn is witnessed.’ Indeed, the angels of the night ascend and the angels of the day descend at the rise of dawn, and I love that the angels of the night and the angels of the day witness my prayer.” He said: And he used to pray maghrib at the setting of the disk, before the stars appeared.

99-/6499 _7- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ زُرَارَةَ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) [6]قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَمَّا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ مِنَ الصَّلَوَاتِ؟قَالَ:

«خَمْسَ صَلَوَاتٍ فِي اللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهَارِ».

قُلْتُ:سَمَّاهُنَّ اللَّهُ،وَ بَيَّنَهُنَّ فِي كِتَابِهِ لِنَبِيِّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)؟قَالَ:«نَعَمْ،قَالَ اللَّهُ لِنَبِيِّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ): أَقِمِ الصَّلاٰةَ لِدُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ إِلىٰ غَسَقِ اللَّيْلِ وَ دُلُوكُهَا:زَوَالُهَا،فِيمَا بَيْنَ دُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ إِلَى غَسَقِ اللَّيْلِ أَرْبَعُ صَلَوَاتٍ، سَمَّاهُنَّ وَ بَيَّنَهُنَّ وَ وَقَّتَهُنَّ،وَ غَسَقُ اللَّيْلِ:اِنْتِصَافُهُ،وَ قَالَ: وَ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ إِنَّ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ كٰانَ مَشْهُوداً هَذِهِ الْخَامِسَةُ».

99-/6499 _7- Al-‘Ayyashi: from Zurara, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), who said: I asked him about what Allah has made obligatory of the prayers. He said: “Five prayers in the night and day.” I said: Did Allah name them and clarify them in His Book to His Prophet (may Allah bless him and his family)? He said: “Yes. Allah said to His Prophet (may Allah bless him and his family): ‘Establish prayer at the declining of the sun till the darkness of the night’—and its decline is its zenithing; between the sun’s decline and the darkness of the night are four prayers—He named them, clarified them, and set their times. And ‘the darkness of the night’ is its middle; and He said: ‘And the Qur’an at dawn—surely the Qur’an at dawn is witnessed’—this is the fifth.”

99-/6500 _8- عَنْ زُرَارَةَ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ: أَقِمِ الصَّلاٰةَ لِدُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ إِلىٰ غَسَقِ اللَّيْلِ .

قَالَ:«دُلُوكُ الشَّمْسِ:زَوَالُهَا عِنْدَ كَبِدِ السَّمَاءِ، إِلىٰ غَسَقِ اللَّيْلِ إِلَى انْتِصَافِ اللَّيْلِ،فَرَضَ اللَّهُ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمَا أَرْبَعَ صَلَوَاتٍ:اَلظُّهْرَ،وَ الْعَصْرَ،وَ الْمَغْرِبَ،وَ الْعِشَاءَ وَ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ يَعْنِي الْقِرَاءَةَ إِنَّ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ كٰانَ مَشْهُوداً -قَالَ-يَجْتَمِعُ فِي صَلاَةِ الْغَدَاةِ حَرَسُ اللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهَارِ مِنَ الْمَلاَئِكَةِ-قَالَ-وَ إِذَا زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ فَقَدْ دَخَلَ وَقْتُ الصَّلاَتَيْنِ،لَيْسَ نَفْلٌ [1] إِلاَّ السُّبْحَةَ [2] الَّتِي جَرَتْ بِهَا السُّنَّةُ أَمَامَهَا». وَ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ قَالَ:«رَكْعَتَا الْفَجْرِ، وَضَعَهُنَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)وَ وَقَّتَهُنَّ لِلنَّاسِ».

99-/6500 _8- From Zurara, who said: I asked Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) about this verse: “Establish prayer at the declining of the sun till the darkness of the night.” He said: “The sun’s decline is its zenithing at the middle of the sky; ‘till the darkness of the night’ is until midnight. Allah has prescribed within them four prayers: zuhr, ‘asr, maghrib, and ‘isha’. And ‘the Qur’an at dawn’—meaning the recitation—‘surely the Qur’an at dawn is witnessed’: at the morning prayer, the guardians of the night and the day from among the angels gather. And when the sun declines, the time of the two prayers has entered; there is no supererogatory [1] except the subha [2] whose practice has been established by the Sunnah before them.” And “the Qur’an at dawn”: he said, “The two rak‘as of fajr—the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) instituted them and set their time for the people.”

99-/6501 _9- عَنْ زُرَارَةَ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: أَقِمِ الصَّلاٰةَ لِدُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ قَالَ:«زَوَالُهَا إِلىٰ غَسَقِ اللَّيْلِ إِلَى نِصْفِ اللَّيْلِ،وَ ذَلِكَ أَرْبَعُ صَلَوَاتٍ،وَضَعَهُنَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)وَ وَقَّتَهُنَّ لِلنَّاسِ وَ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ صَلاَةُ الْغَدَاةِ».

99-/6501 _9- From Zurara, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) regarding Allah’s words: “Establish prayer at the declining of the sun.” He said: “Its zenithing—till the darkness of the night—until midnight, and that is four prayers which the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) instituted and timed for the people. And ‘the Qur’an at dawn’ is the morning prayer.”

99-/6502 _10- عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَلَبِيِّ،عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ): «وَ غَسَقُ اللَّيْلِ نِصْفُهَا بَلْ زَوَالُهَا،وَ أَفْرَدَ الْغَدَاةَ، وَ قَالَ: وَ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ إِنَّ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ كٰانَ مَشْهُوداً فَرَكْعَتَا الْفَجْرِ يَحْضُرُهُمَا مَلاَئِكَةُ اللَّيْلِ وَ مَلاَئِكَةُ النَّهَارِ».

99-/6502 _10- From Muhammad al-Halabi, from one of the two (Imams) (peace be upon them): “And ‘the darkness of the night’ is its middle—rather, its zenithing (deepest darkness). And He singled out the morning prayer, and said: ‘And the Qur’an at dawn—surely the Qur’an at dawn is witnessed.’ So the two rak‘as of fajr are attended by the angels of the night and the angels of the day.”

99-/6503 _11- عَنْ سَعِيدٍ الْأَعْرَجِ،قَالَ:دَخَلْتُ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) وَ هُوَ مُغْضَبٌ وَ عِنْدَهُ نَفَرٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا،وَ هُوَ يَقُولُ:«تُصَلُّونَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَزُولَ الشَّمْسُ؟»قَالَ:وَ هُمْ سُكُوتٌ،قَالَ:فَقُلْتُ:أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ،مَا نُصَلِّي حَتَّى يُؤَذِّنَ مُؤَذِّنُ مَكَّةَ،قَالَ:«فَلاَ بَأْسَ،أَمَا إِنَّهُ إِذَا أَذَّنَ فَقَدْ زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ».ثُمَّ قَالَ:«إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ: أَقِمِ الصَّلاٰةَ لِدُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ إِلىٰ غَسَقِ اللَّيْلِ فَقَدْ دَخَلَتْ أَرْبَعُ صَلَوَاتٍ فِيمَا بَيْنَ هَذَيْنِ الْوَقْتَيْنِ،وَ أَفْرَدَ صَلاَةَ الْفَجْرِ،قَالَ: وَ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ إِنَّ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ كٰانَ مَشْهُوداً فَمَنْ صَلَّى قَبْلَ أَنْ تَزُولَ الشَّمْسُ فَلاَ صَلاَةَ لَهُ».

99-/6503 _11- From Sa‘id al-A‘raj, who said: I entered upon Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) while he was angry, and with him were a number of our companions, and he was saying, “Do you pray before the sun has declined?” They were silent. I said, “May Allah set you aright—we do not pray until the mu’adhdhin of Mecca gives the adhan.” He said: “Then there is no problem; indeed, when he gives the adhan, the sun has declined.” Then he said: “Surely Allah says: ‘Establish prayer at the declining of the sun till the darkness of the night’—so four prayers have entered between these two times. And He singled out the prayer of fajr; He said: ‘And the Qur’an at dawn—surely the Qur’an at dawn is witnessed.’ So whoever prays before the sun has declined—there is no prayer for him.”

99-/6504 _12- عَنْ زُرَارَةَ وَ حُمْرَانَ وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ وَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ) عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ:

أَقِمِ الصَّلاٰةَ لِدُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ إِلىٰ غَسَقِ اللَّيْلِ .

قَالَ:«جَمَعَتِ الصَّلَوَاتِ كُلَّهُنَّ،وَ دُلُوكُ الشَّمْسِ:زَوَالُهَا،وَ غَسَقُ اللَّيْلِ:اِنْتِصَافُهُ».وَ قَالَ:«إِنَّهُ يُنَادِي مُنَادٍ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ كُلَّ لَيْلَةٍ إِذَا انْتَصَفَ اللَّيْلُ:مَنْ رَقَدَ عَنْ صَلاَةِ الْعِشَاءِ إِلَى هَذِهِ السَّاعَةِ فَلاَ نَامَتْ عَيْنَاهُ وَ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ قَالَ:

«صَلاَةُ الصُّبْحِ».وَ أَمَّا قَوْلُهُ: كٰانَ مَشْهُوداً قَالَ:«تَحْضُرُهُ مَلاَئِكَةُ اللَّيْلِ وَ مَلاَئِكَةُ النَّهَارِ».

99-/6504 _12- From Zurara, Humran, and Muhammad b. Muslim, from Abu Ja‘far and Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon them both), regarding Allah’s words: “Establish prayer at the declining of the sun till the darkness of the night.” He said: “It gathers all the prayers. The sun’s declination is its zenithing; and the darkness of the night is its middle.” And he said: “A caller calls out from the heaven every night when the night reaches its middle: ‘Whoever has slept through the ‘isha’ prayer until this hour—may his eyes not sleep!’ And ‘the Qur’an at dawn’—he said: ‘the morning prayer.’ As for His saying ‘is witnessed’—he said: ‘It is attended by the angels of the night and the angels of the day.’”

99-/6505 _13- عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ:مَتَى فُرِضَتِ الصَّلاَةُ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَلَى مَا هُمُ الْيَوْمَ عَلَيْهِ؟ قَالَ:«بِالْمَدِينَةِ،حِينَ ظَهَرَتِ الدَّعْوَةُ وَ قَوِيَ الْإِسْلاَمُ،وَ كَتَبَ اللَّهُ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ الْجِهَادَ،زَادَ فِي الصَّلَوَاتِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)سَبْعَ رَكَعَاتٍ:فِي الظُّهْرِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ،وَ فِي الْعَصْرِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ،وَ فِي الْمَغْرِبِ رَكْعَةً،وَ فِي الْعِشَاءِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ،وَ أَقَرَّ الْفَجْرَ عَلَى مَا فُرِضَتْ عَلَيْهِ بِمَكَّةَ لِتَعْجِيلِ نُزُولِ مَلاَئِكَةِ النَّهَارِ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ،وَ تَعْجِيلِ عُرُوجِ مَلاَئِكَةِ اللَّيْلِ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ،فَكَانَ مَلاَئِكَةُ اللَّيْلِ وَ مَلاَئِكَةُ النَّهَارِ يَشْهَدُونَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)الْفَجْرَ،فَلِذَلِكَ قَالَ اللَّهُ:

وَ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ إِنَّ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ كٰانَ مَشْهُوداً يَشْهَدُهُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ وَ يَشْهَدُهُ مَلاَئِكَةُ اللَّيْلِ وَ مَلاَئِكَةُ النَّهَارِ».

99-/6505 _13- From Sa‘id b. al-Musayyab, from ‘Ali b. al-Husayn (peace be upon him), who said: I said to him: When were the prayers prescribed upon the Muslims as they are today? He said: “In Medina, when the call became manifest and Islam grew strong, and Allah prescribed jihad upon the Muslims, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) added seven rak‘as: in zuhr two rak‘as; in ‘asr two rak‘as; in maghrib one rak‘a; and in ‘isha’ two rak‘as; and he left fajr as it had been prescribed in Mecca, due to the swift descent of the angels of the day to the earth and the swift ascent of the angels of the night to the heaven. The angels of the night and the angels of the day used to witness fajr with the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family). For that reason Allah said: ‘And the Qur’an at dawn—surely the Qur’an at dawn is witnessed’—it is witnessed by the Muslims, and witnessed by the angels of the night and the angels of the day.”

99-/6506 _14- عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: أَقِمِ الصَّلاٰةَ لِدُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ إِلىٰ غَسَقِ اللَّيْلِ .

قَالَ:«إِنَّ اللَّهَ افْتَرَضَ أَرْبَعَ صَلَوَاتٍ،أَوَّلُ وَقْتِهَا مِنْ زَوَالِ الشَّمْسِ إِلَى انْتِصَافِ اللَّيْلِ،مِنْهَا صَلاَتَانِ أَوَّلُ وَقْتِهِمَا مِنْ عِنْدِ زَوَالِ الشَّمْسِ إِلَى غُرُوبِهَا،إِلاَّ أَنَّ هَذِهِ قَبْلَ هَذِهِ،وَ مِنْهَا صَلاَتَانِ أَوَّلُ وَقْتِهِمَا مِنْ غُرُوبِ الشَّمْسِ إِلَى انْتِصَافِ اللَّيْلِ،إِلاَّ أَنَّ هَذِهِ قَبْلَ هَذِهِ».

99-/6506 _14- From ‘Ubayd b. Zurara, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) regarding Allah’s words: “Establish prayer at the declining of the sun till the darkness of the night.” He said: “Surely Allah has prescribed four prayers; the beginning of their time is from the sun’s zenith until midnight. Of them are two prayers whose first time is from the sun’s zenith until its setting—except that this one is before that one—and of them are two prayers whose first time is from sunset until midnight—except that this one is before that one.”

99-/6507 _15- عَنْ أَبِي هَاشِمٍ الْخَادِمِ،عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الْمَاضِي(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: «مَا بَيْنَ غُرُوبِ الشَّمْسِ إِلَى سُقُوطِ الْقُرْصِ غَسَقٌ».

99-/6507 _15- From Abu Hashim the servant, from Abu al-Hasan al-Madhi (peace be upon him), who said: “What is between the sun’s going down and the disk’s falling below (the horizon) is ‘ghasaq’ (darkening).”

قوله تعالى:

وَ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ فَتَهَجَّدْ بِهِ نٰافِلَةً لَكَ عَسىٰ أَنْ يَبْعَثَكَ رَبُّكَ مَقٰاماً مَحْمُوداً [79]

And during a part of the night, keep awake by the prayer beyond what is incumbent on you; may be your Lord will raise you to a position of great glory. (Qur’an 17:79, M. H. Shakir)

_12) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:141/309.

_12) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:141/309.

_13) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:142/309.

_13) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:142/309.

_14) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:143/310.

_14) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:143/310.

_15) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:144/310.

_15) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:144/310.