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فَقَالَ: «لَيْسَ حَيْثُ يَذْهَبُ النَّاسُ إِلَيْهِ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ آتَانَا الْمُلْكَ وَ أَخَذَهُ بَنُو أُمَيَّةَ، بِمَنْزِلَةِ الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لَهُ الثَّوْبُ وَ يَأْخُذُهُ الْآخَرُ، فَلَيْسَ هُوَ لِلَّذِي أَخَذَهُ».

He said: “It is not as people suppose. Surely Allah granted us the sovereignty, and the sons of Umayya seized it—like a man who owns a garment and another takes it; it does not belong to the one who took it.”

قوله تعالى:

وَ تُخْرِجُ الْحَيَّ مِنَ الْمَيِّتِ وَ تُخْرِجُ الْمَيِّتَ مِنَ الْحَيِّ[27]

(Qur’an 3:27) And bring forth the living from the dead and bring forth the dead from the living. (M. H. Shakir)

99-/1644 _1- ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ، قَالَ: سُئِلَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ) عَنِ الْمَوْتِ، مَا هُوَ؟ قَالَ: «هُوَ التَّصْدِيقُ بِمَا لاَ يَكُونُ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ الصَّادِقِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) قَالَ: إِنَّ الْمُؤْمِنَ إِذَا مَاتَ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَيِّتاً، وَ إِنَّ الْمَيِّتَ هُوَ الْكَافِرُ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ: تُخْرِجُ الْحَيَّ مِنَ الْمَيِّتِ وَ تُخْرِجُ الْمَيِّتَ مِنَ الْحَيِّ يَعْنِي الْمُؤْمِنَ مِنَ الْكَافِرِ، وَ الْكَافِرَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِ».

99-/1644 - Ibn Bābawayh said: Al-Hasan ibn ‘Alī ibn Muḥammad (peace be upon them) was asked about death—what is it? He said: “It is believing in what does not occur. My father narrated to me, from his father, from his grandfather al-Ṣādiq (peace be upon him), who said: When the believer dies, he is not dead; rather, the dead one is the unbeliever. Surely Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says: ‘[You] bring forth the living from the dead and bring forth the dead from the living,’ meaning the believer from the unbeliever and the unbeliever from the believer.”

99-/1645 _2- أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الطَّبْرِسِيُّ قِيلَ: مَعْنَاهُ يَخْرُجُ الْمُؤْمِنُ مِنَ الْكَافِرِ، وَ الْكَافِرُ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِ. قَالَ: وَ رُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ وَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ).

99-/1645 - Abū ‘Alī al-Ṭabrisī: It was said that its meaning is that the believer issues from the unbeliever, and the unbeliever from the believer. He said: And this is narrated from Abū Ja‘far and Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon them both).

قوله تعالى:

لاٰ يَتَّخِذِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ الْكٰافِرِينَ أَوْلِيٰاءَ مِنْ دُونِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ مَنْ يَفْعَلْ ذٰلِكَ فَلَيْسَ مِنَ اللّٰهِ فِي شَيْءٍ إِلاّٰ أَنْ تَتَّقُوا مِنْهُمْ تُقٰاةً[28]

(Qur’an 3:28) Let not the believers take the unbelievers for friends rather than believers; and whoever does this, he shall have nothing of Allah, except that you guard yourselves against them, guarding carefully. (M. H. Shakir)

99-/1646 _3- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ: عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) قَالَ: «كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) يَقُولُ: لاَ إِيمَانَ لِمَنْ لاَ تَقِيَّةَ لَهُ، وَ يَقُولُ: قَالَ اللَّهُ: إِلاّٰ أَنْ تَتَّقُوا مِنْهُمْ تُقٰاةً».

99-/1646 - Al-‘Ayyāshī: from al-Ḥusayn ibn Zayd ibn ‘Alī, from Ja‘far ibn Muḥammad, from his father (peace be upon him), who said: “The Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and his family) used to say: There is no faith for one who has no taqiyya; and he used to say: Allah said, ‘Except that you guard yourselves against them, guarding carefully.’”

/1647 _4- علي بن إبراهيم: إن هذه الآية رخصة، ظاهرها خلاف باطنها، يدان بظاهرها و لا يدان بباطنها إلا عند التقية، لأن التقية رخصة للمؤمن يدين بدين الكافر، و يصلي [1] بصلاته، و يصوم بصيامه إذا اتقاه في الظاهر، و في الباطن يدين اللّه بخلاف ذلك.

99-/1647 - ‘Alī ibn Ibrāhīm: This verse is a dispensation; its outward sense differs from its inward sense. One acts according to its outward sense and does not act according to its inward sense except in cases of taqiyya, for taqiyya is a concession for the believer to profess the religion of the unbeliever, to pray [1] with his prayer, and to fast with his fasting when outwardly fearing him; while inwardly he worships Allah contrary to that.

_1) -معاني الأخبار:10/290.

_1) -Ma‘ānī al-Akhbār: 10/290.

_2) -مجمع البيان 2:728.

_2) -Majma‘ al-Bayān 2:728.

_3) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:24/166.

_3) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:24/166.

_4) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:100.

_4) -Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:100.

[1] في المصدر: للمؤمن أن يراه الكافر، فيصلي.

[1] fi al-maṣdar: lil-mu’min an yarāhu al-kāfir, fa-yuṣallī.