Al-Hajj Ayah 77-78

الْمَلاَئِكَةِ رُسُلاً وَ سَفَرَةً بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ خَلْقِهِ،وَ هُمُ الَّذِينَ قَالَ اللَّهُ فِيهِمْ: اَللّٰهُ يَصْطَفِي مِنَ الْمَلاٰئِكَةِ رُسُلاً وَ مِنَ النّٰاسِ فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الطَّاعَةِ تَوَلَّى قَبْضَ رُوحِهِ مَلاَئِكَةُ الرَّحْمَةِ،وَ مَنْ كَانَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَعْصِيَةِ تَوَلَّى قَبْضَ رُوحِهِ مَلاَئِكَةُ النَّقِمَةِ.

وَ لِمَلَكِ الْمَوْتِ أَعْوَانٌ مِنْ مَلاَئِكَةِ الرَّحْمَةِ وَ النَّقِمَةِ يَصْدُرُونَ عَنْ أَمْرِهِ،وَ فِعْلُهُمْ فِعْلُهُ،وَ كُلُّ مَا يَأْتُونَ بِهِ مَنْسُوبٌ إِلَيْهِ،وَ إِذَنْ كَانَ فِعْلُهُمْ فِعْلَ مَلَكِ الْمَوْتِ،وَ فِعْلُ مَلَكِ الْمَوْتِ فِعْلَ اللَّهِ؛لِأَنَّهُ يَتَوَفَّى الْأَنْفُسَ عَلَى يَدِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ،وَ يُعْطِي وَ يَمْنَعُ،وَ يُثِيبُ وَ يُعَاقِبُ عَلَى يَدِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ،وَ إِنَّ فِعْلَ أُمَنَائِهِ فِعْلُهُ،كَمَا قَالَ: وَ مٰا تَشٰاؤُنَ إِلاّٰ أَنْ يَشٰاءَ اللّٰهُ [1]».

Translation: The angels are messengers and envoys between Him and His creation. They are those of whom God said: “Allah chooses messengers from the angels and from among men.” Whoever is among the people of obedience, the angels of mercy undertake the taking of his soul; and whoever is among the people of disobedience, the angels of punishment undertake the taking of his soul. The Angel of Death has helpers from the angels of mercy and the angels of punishment who act at his command; their action is his action, and everything they bring is attributed to him. Thus, their action is the action of the Angel of Death, and the action of the Angel of Death is the action of God, for He takes souls by the hand of whom He wills, and He gives and withholds, and rewards and punishes by the hand of whom He wills. The action of His trustees is His action, as He said: “And you do not will except that Allah wills.” [Qur’an 76:30; 81:29, M. H. Shakir]

99-/7423 _3- ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ الْأَسْوَارِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو يُوسُفَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ الشَّجَرِيُّ الْمُذَكِّرُ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو وَ عَمْرُو بْنُ حَفْصٍ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَسَدٍ بِبَغْدَادَ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْبَصِيرِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ،عَنْ عَطَاءٍ،عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ اللَّيْثِيِّ،عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ(رَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ)،قَالَ:قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)فِي حَدِيثٍ طَوِيلٍ: «النَّبِيُّونَ مِائَةُ أَلْفٍ وَ أَرْبَعَةٌ وَ عِشْرُونَ أَلْفَ نَبِيٍّ». قُلْتُ:كَمِ الْمُرْسَلُونَ مِنْهُمْ؟قَالَ:«ثَلاَثُمِائَةٍ وَ ثَلاَثَةَ عَشَرَ،جَمّاً غَفِيراً». و الحديث-إن شاء اللّه تعالى-يأتي بتمامه في قوله تعالى: إِنَّ هٰذٰا لَفِي الصُّحُفِ الْأُولىٰ* صُحُفِ إِبْرٰاهِيمَ وَ مُوسىٰ في سورة الأعلى [5].

Translation: Ibn Bābawayh said: Abu’l-Hasan ‘Alī b. ‘Abd Allāh b. Ahmad al-Aswārī narrated to us, he said: Abū Yūsuf Ahmad b. Muhammad b. Qays al-Shajari, the admonisher, narrated to us, he said: Abū ‘Amr and ‘Amr b. Hafs narrated to us, he said: Abū Muhammad ‘Abd Allāh b. Muhammad b. Asad in Baghdad narrated to us, he said: al-Husayn b. Ibrāhīm Abū ‘Alī narrated to us, he said: Yahyā b. Sa‘īd al-Basīrī narrated to us, he said: Ibn Jurayj, from ‘Atā’, from ‘Ubayd b. ‘Umayr al-Laythī, from Abū Dharr (may God have mercy on him), said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said in a long hadith: “The prophets are one hundred and twenty-four thousand prophets.” I said: How many of them were messengers? He said: “Three hundred and thirteen, a great multitude.” And the hadith—God willing—will come in full under His saying: “Most surely this is in the earlier scriptures, the scriptures of Abraham and Moses” in Sūrat al-A‘lā. [Qur’an 87:18-19, M. H. Shakir]

قوله تعالى:

يٰا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا -إلى قوله تعالى- فَنِعْمَ الْمَوْلىٰ وَ نِعْمَ النَّصِيرُ [77 و 78]

Translation: His saying, the Exalted: “O you who believe, bow down and prostrate yourselves and serve your Lord, and do good that you may succeed. And strive hard in (the way of) Allah, (such) a striving as is due to Him; He has chosen you and has not laid upon you in religion any hardship—the faith of your father Abraham; He named you Muslims before and in this (book), that the Messenger may be a bearer of witness to you, and that you may be bearers of witness to the people; therefore keep up prayer and pay the poor-rate and hold fast by Allah; He is your Guardian; how excellent the Guardian and how excellent the Helper!” [Qur’an 22:77-78, M. H. Shakir]

99-/7424 _1- وَ قال عليّ بن إبراهيم:ثم خاطب اللّه الأئمة(عليهم السلام)فقال: يٰا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا ارْكَعُوا وَ اسْجُدُوا وَ اعْبُدُوا رَبَّكُمْ وَ افْعَلُوا الْخَيْرَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ إلى قوله: وَ فِي هٰذٰا لِيَكُونَ الرَّسُولُ شَهِيداً عَلَيْكُمْ يا معشر الأئمة وَ تَكُونُوا أنتم شُهَدٰاءَ عَلَى المؤمنين و اَلنّٰاسِ .

Translation: And ‘Alī b. Ibrāhīm said: Then God addressed the Imams (peace be upon them), saying: “O you who believe! Bow down and prostrate yourselves and worship your Lord and do good so that you may prosper,” up to His saying: “and in this, that the Messenger may be a witness over you”—O assembly of the Imams—“and that you may be witnesses over the believers and the people.” [Qur’an 22:77-78, M. H. Shakir]

_3) -الخصال:13/523.

al-Khisāl: 13/523.

_1) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:87.

Tafsīr al-Qummī 2:87.

[1] الإنسان 76:30 و التكوير 81:29.

al-Insān 76:30 and al-Takwīr 81:29.

[2] في المصدر:السجزي.

Fī al-masdar: al-Sijzī.

[3] في«ج،ي»:أبو عمر و عمرو،و في المصدر:أبو الحسن عمر.

Fī “J, Y”: Abū ‘Umar wa ‘Amr; wa fī al-masdar: Abū’l-Hasan ‘Umar.

[4] في المصدر:عبيد اللّه.

Fī al-masdar: ‘Ubayd Allāh.

[5] يأتي في الحديث(4)من تفسير الآيات(16-19)من سورة الأعلى.

Ya’tī fī al-hadīth (4) min tafsīr al-āyāt (16–19) min Sūrat al-A‘lā.

99-/7425 _2- الشَّيْخُ،بِإِسْنَادِهِ:عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ،عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ،عَنِ الْحَسَنِ،عَنْ زُرْعَةَ،عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرُّكُوعِ وَ السُّجُودِ:هَلْ نَزَلَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ؟فَقَالَ:«نَعَمْ،قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: يٰا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا ارْكَعُوا وَ اسْجُدُوا ». فَقُلْتُ:فَكَيْفَ حَدُّ الرُّكُوعِ وَ السُّجُودِ؟فَقَالَ:«أَمَّا مَا يُجْزِيكَ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ فَثَلاَثُ تَسْبِيحَاتٍ،تَقُولُ:سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ، سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ ثَلاَثاً،وَ مَنْ كَانَ يَقْوَى عَلَى أَنْ يُطَوِّلَ الرُّكُوعَ وَ السُّجُودَ فَلْيُطَوِّلْ مَا اسْتَطَاعَ،يَكُونُ ذَلِكَ فِي تَسْبِيحِ اللَّهِ، وَ تَحْمِيدِهِ،وَ تَمْجِيدِهِ،وَ الدُّعَاءِ،وَ التَّضَرُّعِ،فَإِنَّ أَقْرَبَ مَا يَكُونُ الْعَبْدُ إِلَى رَبِّهِ وَ هُوَ سَاجِدٌ،وَ أَمَّا الْإِمَامُ فَإِنَّهُ إِذَا أَقَامَ بِالنَّاسِ فَلاَ يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يُطَوِّلَ بِهِمْ،فَإِنَّ فِي النَّاسِ الضَّعِيفَ،وَ مَنْ لَهُ الْحَاجَةُ،فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)كَانَ إِذَا صَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ خَفَّفَ بِهِمْ».

Translation: The Shaykh, by his isnād: from Muhammad b. ‘Alī b. Mahbūb, from Ahmad b. al-Hasan, from al-Husayn, from al-Hasan, from Zur‘ah, from Samā‘ah, who said: I asked him about bowing and prostration: has it been revealed in the Qur’an? He said: “Yes, the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: ‘O you who believe! Bow down and prostrate yourselves.’” [Qur’an 22:77, M. H. Shakir] I said: What is the measure of bowing and prostration? He said: “As for what suffices you of bowing, it is three glorifications: you say ‘Subhān Allāh, Subhān Allāh’ three times. And whoever has the strength to lengthen the bowing and prostration, let him lengthen as much as he can, with glorifying Allah, praising Him, magnifying Him, supplication, and humble entreaty; for the closest a servant is to his Lord is when he is in prostration. As for the Imam, when he leads the people, he should not lengthen it for them, for among the people are the weak and those with needs. Indeed, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family), when he prayed with the people, would make it light for them.”

99-/7426 _3- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْوَشَّاءِ،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَائِذٍ،عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ،عَنْ بُرَيْدٍ الْعِجْلِيِّ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: قُلْتُ:قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: مِلَّةَ أَبِيكُمْ إِبْرٰاهِيمَ . قَالَ:«إِيَّانَا عَنَى خَاصَّةً: هُوَ سَمّٰاكُمُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مِنْ قَبْلُ فِي الْكُتُبِ الَّتِي مَضَتْ وَ فِي هٰذٰا الْقُرْآنِ لِيَكُونَ الرَّسُولُ شَهِيداً عَلَيْكُمْ وَ تَكُونُوا شُهَدٰاءَ عَلَى النّٰاسِ فَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)الشَّهِيدُ عَلَيْنَا بِمَا بَلَّغَنَا عَنِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ،وَ نَحْنُ الشُّهَدَاءُ عَلَى النَّاسِ،فَمَنْ صَدَّقَ صَدَّقْنَاهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ،وَ مَنْ كَذَّبَ كَذَّبْنَاهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ».

Translation: Muhammad b. Ya‘qūb: from al-Husayn b. Muhammad, from al-Mu‘allā b. Muhammad, from al-Hasan b. ‘Alī al-Washshā’, from Ahmad b. ‘Ā’idh, from ‘Umar b. Udhaynah, from Burayd al-‘Ijlī, from Abū ‘Abd Allāh (peace be upon him), who said: I asked about the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: “The faith of your father Abraham.” He said: “He meant us specifically: ‘He named you Muslims before in the scriptures that have passed and in this Qur’an, that the Messenger may be a witness over you and that you may be witnesses over the people.’ [Qur’an 22:78, M. H. Shakir] So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) is the witness over us regarding what he conveyed to us from Allah, Mighty and Majestic, and we are the witnesses over the people; whoever affirms [the truth], we will affirm him on the Day of Resurrection, and whoever denies, we will deny him on the Day of Resurrection.”

99-/7427 _4- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ،عَنِ ابْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ،عَنْ بُرَيْدٍ الْعِجْلِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،قُلْتُ:قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: يٰا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا ارْكَعُوا وَ اسْجُدُوا وَ اعْبُدُوا رَبَّكُمْ وَ افْعَلُوا الْخَيْرَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ* وَ جٰاهِدُوا فِي اللّٰهِ حَقَّ جِهٰادِهِ هُوَ اجْتَبٰاكُمْ ؟ قَالَ:«إِيَّانَا عَنَى،وَ نَحْنُ الْمُجْتَبَوْنَ،وَ لَمْ يَجْعَلِ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى فِي الدِّينِ مِنْ حَرَجٍ،فَالْحَرَجُ أَشَدُّ مِنَ الضِّيقِ، مِلَّةَ أَبِيكُمْ إِبْرٰاهِيمَ إِيَّانَا عَنَى خَاصَّةً هُوَ سَمّٰاكُمُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ [اللَّهُ سَمَّانَا الْمُسْلِمِينَ] مِنْ قَبْلُ فِي الْكُتُبِ الَّتِي مَضَتْ وَ فِي هٰذٰا الْقُرْآنِ لِيَكُونَ الرَّسُولُ شَهِيداً عَلَيْكُمْ وَ تَكُونُوا شُهَدٰاءَ عَلَى النّٰاسِ فَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)الشَّهِيدُ عَلَيْنَا بِمَا بَلَّغَنَا عَنِ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى،وَ نَحْنُ الشُّهَدَاءُ عَلَى النَّاسِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ،فَمَنْ صَدَّقَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ صَدَّقْنَاهُ،وَ مَنْ كَذَّبَ كَذَّبْنَاهُ».

Translation: And from him: from ‘Alī b. Ibrāhīm, from his father, from Muhammad b. Abī ‘Umayr, from Ibn Udhaynah, from Burayd al-‘Ijlī, from Abū Ja‘far (peace be upon him). I said [to him] regarding His saying, Exalted is He: “O you who believe! Bow down and prostrate yourselves and worship your Lord and do good so that you may prosper. And strive hard in (the way of) Allah as is His due; He has chosen you.” [Qur’an 22:77-78, M. H. Shakir] He said: “He meant us, and we are the chosen ones. Allah, Blessed and Exalted, has not placed hardship in the religion; hardship is more severe than narrowness. ‘The faith of your father Abraham’—He meant us specifically. ‘He named you Muslims before and in this Qur’an, that the Messenger may be a witness over you and that you may be witnesses over the people.’ [Qur’an 22:78, M. H. Shakir] The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) is the witness over us regarding what he conveyed to us from Allah, Blessed and Exalted, and we are the witnesses over the people on the Day of Resurrection: whoever affirms on the Day of Resurrection we will affirm him, and whoever denies we will deny him.”

99-/7428 _5- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عُمَرَ الْيَمَانِيِّ،عَنْ سُلَيْمِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ الْهِلاَلِيِّ،عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى طَهَّرَنَا،وَ عَصَمَنَا،وَ جَعَلَنَا شُهَدَاءَ عَلَى خَلْقِهِ،وَ حُجَّتَهُ فِي أَرْضِهِ،وَ جَعَلَنَا مَعَ الْقُرْآنِ،وَ جَعَلَ الْقُرْآنَ مَعَنَا،لاَ نُفَارِقُهُ وَ لاَ يُفَارِقُنَا».

Translation: And from him: from ‘Alī b. Ibrāhīm, from his father, from Hammad b. ‘Īsā, from Ibrāhīm b. ‘Umar al-Yamānī, from Sulaym b. Qays al-Hilālī, from the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him), who said: “Allah, Blessed and Exalted, has purified us and protected us, and He has made us witnesses over His creation and His proof on His earth. He has made us with the Qur’an, and made the Qur’an with us; we do not part from it, nor does it part from us.”

99-/7429 _6- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ هَمَّامٍ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْعَلَوِيِّ،عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ دَاوُدَ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا الْإِمَامُ مُوسَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: يٰا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا ارْكَعُوا وَ اسْجُدُوا الْآيَةَ:«أَمَرَكُمْ بِالرُّكُوعِ وَ السُّجُودِ،وَ عِبَادَةِ اللَّهِ،وَ قَدِ افْتَرَضَهَا عَلَيْكُمْ،وَ أَمَّا فِعْلُ الْخَيْرِ،فَهُوَ طَاعَةُ الْإِمَامِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) وَ جٰاهِدُوا فِي اللّٰهِ حَقَّ جِهٰادِهِ هُوَ اجْتَبٰاكُمْ يَا شِيعَةَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ مٰا جَعَلَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ مِنْ حَرَجٍ قَالَ:مِنْ ضِيقٍ مِلَّةَ أَبِيكُمْ إِبْرٰاهِيمَ هُوَ سَمّٰاكُمُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مِنْ قَبْلُ وَ فِي هٰذٰا لِيَكُونَ الرَّسُولُ شَهِيداً عَلَيْكُمْ يَا آلَ مُحَمَّدٍ،يَا مَنْ قَدِ اسْتَوْدَعَكُمُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ،وَ افْتَرَضَ طَاعَتَكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَ تَكُونُوا أَنْتُمْ شُهَدٰاءَ عَلَى النّٰاسِ بِمَا قَطَعُوا مِنْ رَحِمِكُمْ،وَ ضَيَّعُوا مِنْ حَقِّكُمْ،وَ مَزَّقُوا مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ،وَ عَدَلُوا حُكْمَ غَيْرِكُمْ بِكُمْ،فَالْزَمُوا الْأَرْضَ فَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلاٰةَ وَ آتُوا الزَّكٰاةَ وَ اعْتَصِمُوا بِاللّٰهِ يَا آلَ مُحَمَّدٍ،وَ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ هُوَ مَوْلاٰكُمْ أَنْتُمْ وَ شِيعَتُكُمْ فَنِعْمَ الْمَوْلىٰ وَ نِعْمَ النَّصِيرُ ».

Translation: Muhammad b. al-‘Abbās said: Muhammad b. Hammām narrated to us, from Muhammad b. Ismā‘īl al-‘Alawī, from ‘Īsā b. Dāwūd, who said: The Imam Mūsā b. Ja‘far narrated to us, from his father (peace be upon them both), concerning the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: “O you who believe! Bow down and prostrate yourselves...” He said: “He commanded you to bow and to prostrate and to worship Allah, and He has made it obligatory upon you. As for ‘doing good,’ it is obedience to the Imam, the Commander of the Faithful ‘Alī b. Abī Tālib (peace be upon him) after the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family). ‘And strive in Allah as is His due; He has chosen you, O Shī‘a of the Family of Muhammad; and He has not placed upon you in religion any hardship’—that is, any narrowness—‘the faith of your father Abraham; He named you Muslims before and in this, that the Messenger may be a witness over you, O Family of Muhammad—you to whom He entrusted the Muslims and whose obedience He made obligatory upon them—and that you may be witnesses over the people for what they cut off of your kinship, squandered of your right, tore from the Book of Allah, and substituted the rule of others for your rule. So cleave to the earth; therefore establish prayer and give zakat and hold fast to Allah, O Family of Muhammad and his Household. He is your Guardian—you and your Shī‘a—so excellent is the Guardian and excellent the Helper.’” [Qur’an 22:77-78, M. H. Shakir]

99-/7430 _7- عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْحِمْيَرِيُّ،عَنْ مَسْعَدَةَ بْنِ زِيَادٍ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي جَعْفَرٌ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)،عَنِ النَّبِيِّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،قَالَ: «مِمَّا أَعْطَى اللَّهُ أُمَّتِي وَ فَضَّلَهُمْ بِهِ عَلَى سَائِرِ الْأُمَمِ،أَعْطَاهُمْ ثَلاَثَ خِصَالٍ لَمْ يُعْطَهَا إِلاَّ نَبِيٌّ، وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى كَانَ إِذَا بَعَثَ نَبِيّاً،قَالَ لَهُ:اِجْتَهِدْ فِي دِينِكَ،وَ لاَ حَرَجَ عَلَيْكَ،وَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى أَعْطَى ذَلِكَ أُمَّتِي،حَيْثُ يَقُولُ: مٰا جَعَلَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ مِنْ حَرَجٍ يَقُولُ:مِنْ ضِيقٍ.وَ كَانَ إِذَا بَعَثَ نَبِيّاً قَالَ لَهُ:

إِذَا أَحْزَنَكَ أَمْرٌ تَكْرَهُهُ فَادْعُنِي،أَسْتَجِبْ لَكَ؛وَ إِنَّهُ أَعْطَى أُمَّتِي ذَلِكَ،حَيْثُ يَقُولُ: اُدْعُونِي أَسْتَجِبْ لَكُمْ [1].

وَ كَانَ إِذَا بَعَثَ نَبِيّاً جَعَلَهُ شَهِيداً عَلَى قَوْمِهِ،وَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى جَعَلَ أُمَّتِي شُهَدَاءَ عَلَى الْخَلْقِ،حَيْثُ يَقُولُ:

لِيَكُونَ الرَّسُولُ شَهِيداً عَلَيْكُمْ وَ تَكُونُوا شُهَدٰاءَ عَلَى النّٰاسِ ».

Translation: ‘Abd Allāh b. Ja‘far al-Himyārī, from Mas‘adah b. Ziyād, who said: Ja‘far narrated to me, from his father (peace be upon them both), from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family), who said: “Among what Allah has given to my community and by which He has favored them over all other communities is that He gave them three qualities which He gave only to a prophet. When Allah, Blessed and Exalted, would send a prophet, He would say to him: ‘Exert yourself in your religion, and there is no hardship upon you.’ Allah, Blessed and Exalted, has given that to my community, as He says: ‘He has not laid upon you in religion any hardship,’ that is, any narrowness. And when He would send a prophet, He would say to him: ‘If something you dislike grieves you, then call upon Me; I will answer you.’ And He has given that to my community, as He says: ‘Call upon Me, I will answer you.’ [Qur’an 40:60, M. H. Shakir] And when He would send a prophet, He made him a witness over his people; and Allah, Blessed and Exalted, has made my community witnesses over creation, as He says: ‘That the Messenger may be a witness over you, and that you may be witnesses over the people.’ [Qur’an 22:78, M. H. Shakir]”

99-/7431 _8- أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْبَرْقِيِّ:عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ،عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: يٰا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا ارْكَعُوا وَ اسْجُدُوا وَ اعْبُدُوا رَبَّكُمْ وَ افْعَلُوا الْخَيْرَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ* وَ جٰاهِدُوا فِي اللّٰهِ حَقَّ جِهٰادِهِ هُوَ اجْتَبٰاكُمْ وَ مٰا جَعَلَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ مِنْ حَرَجٍ «فِي الصَّلاَةِ، وَ الزَّكَاةِ،وَ الصَّوْمِ،وَ الْخَيْرِ،إِذَا تَوَلَّوُا اللَّهَ وَ رَسُولَهُ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)وَ أُولِي الْأَمْرِ مِنَّا أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ؛قَبِلَ اللَّهُ أَعْمَالَهُمْ».

Translation: Ahmad b. Muhammad b. Khālid al-Barqī: from Ibn Mahbūb, from ‘Alī b. Abī Hamzah, from Abū Basīr, from Abū Ja‘far (peace be upon him), regarding the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: “O you who believe! Bow down and prostrate yourselves and worship your Lord and do good that you may succeed. And strive in Allah as is His due; He has chosen you and has not placed upon you in religion any hardship.” [Qur’an 22:77-78, M. H. Shakir] “It is [i.e., there is no hardship] in the prayer, and the zakat, and the fast, and goodness—when they are loyal to Allah and His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) and to the possessors of authority from us, the People of the House; Allah accepts their deeds.”

99-/7432 _9- سُلَيْمُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ الْهِلاَلِيُّ،فِي(كِتَابِهِ):عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،فِي حَدِيثٍ يُنَاشِدُ فِيهِ جَمْعاً مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ،قَالَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «وَ أَنْشَدْتُكُمُ اللَّهَ،أَ لَسْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنْزَلَ فِي سُورَةِ الْحَجِّ: يٰا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا ارْكَعُوا وَ اسْجُدُوا وَ اعْبُدُوا رَبَّكُمْ وَ افْعَلُوا الْخَيْرَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ* وَ جٰاهِدُوا فِي اللّٰهِ حَقَّ جِهٰادِهِ هُوَ اجْتَبٰاكُمْ وَ مٰا جَعَلَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ مِنْ حَرَجٍ مِلَّةَ أَبِيكُمْ إِبْرٰاهِيمَ هُوَ سَمّٰاكُمُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مِنْ قَبْلُ وَ فِي هٰذٰا لِيَكُونَ الرَّسُولُ شَهِيداً عَلَيْكُمْ وَ تَكُونُوا شُهَدٰاءَ عَلَى النّٰاسِ فَقَامَ سَلْمَانُ،فَقَالَ:يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ،مَنْ هَؤُلاَءِ الَّذِينَ أَنْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ شَهِيدٌ،وَ هُمْ شُهَدَاءُ عَلَى النَّاسِ،الَّذِينَ اجْتَبَاهُمُ اللَّهُ،وَ مَا جَعَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِي الدِّينِ مِنْ حَرَجٍ،مِلَّةَ أَبِيهِمْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ؟فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):عَنَى بِذَلِكَ ثَلاَثَةَ عَشَرَ إِنْسَاناً:أَنَا،وَ أَخِي عَلِيٌّ،وَ أَحَدَ عَشَرَ مِنْ وُلْدِ عَلِيٍّ؟» فَقَالُوا:نَعَمْ-اَللَّهُمَّ-سَمِعْنَا ذَلِكَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ).

Translation: Sulaym b. Qays al-Hilālī, in his Book: from the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him), in a narration in which he adjures a group of the Companions, he (peace be upon him) said: “I adjure you by Allah, do you not know that Allah, Mighty and Majestic, revealed in Sūrat al-Hajj: ‘O you who believe! Bow down and prostrate yourselves and worship your Lord and do good that you may succeed. And strive in Allah as is His due; He has chosen you and has not placed upon you in religion any hardship—the faith of your father Abraham; He named you Muslims before and in this—that the Messenger may be a witness over you, and that you may be witnesses over the people.’ [Qur’an 22:77-78, M. H. Shakir] Salman rose and said: O Messenger of Allah, who are those over whom you are a witness and who are witnesses over the people, those whom Allah has chosen, upon whom He has placed no hardship in religion, the faith of their father Abraham? The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: He meant by that thirteen persons: myself, my brother ‘Alī, and eleven from the offspring of ‘Alī.” They said: Yes—O Allah—we heard that from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family).

/7433 _10-علي بن إبراهيم:قوله: يٰا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا ارْكَعُوا وَ اسْجُدُوا وَ اعْبُدُوا رَبَّكُمْ وَ افْعَلُوا الْخَيْرَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ* وَ جٰاهِدُوا فِي اللّٰهِ حَقَّ جِهٰادِهِ هُوَ اجْتَبٰاكُمْ وَ مٰا جَعَلَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ مِنْ حَرَجٍ مِلَّةَ أَبِيكُمْ إِبْرٰاهِيمَ هُوَ سَمّٰاكُمُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مِنْ قَبْلُ فهذه خاصّة لآل محمد(عليهم السلام). قال:و قوله: لِيَكُونَ الرَّسُولُ شَهِيداً عَلَيْكُمْ يعني يكون على آل محمد وَ تَكُونُوا شُهَدٰاءَ عَلَى النّٰاسِ أي آل محمّد يكونوا شهداء على الناس بعد النبيّ(صلّى اللّه عليه و آله)،و قال عيسى بن مريم: وَ كُنْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ شَهِيداً مٰا دُمْتُ فِيهِمْ فَلَمّٰا تَوَفَّيْتَنِي كُنْتَ أَنْتَ الرَّقِيبَ عَلَيْهِمْ [1]يعني الشهيد وَ أَنْتَ عَلىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهِيدٌ [2]و أن اللّه جعل على هذه الأمة بعد النبيّ(صلّى اللّه عليه و آله)شهداء من أهل بيته و عترته ما كان في الدنيا منهم أحد،فإذا فنوا هلك أهل الأرض. قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ): «جَعَلَ اللَّهُ النُّجُومَ أَمَاناً لِأَهْلِ السَّمَاءِ،وَ جَعَلَ أَهْلَ بَيْتِي أَمَاناً لِأَهْلِ الْأَرْضِ».

Translation: ‘Alī b. Ibrāhīm: His saying: “O you who believe! Bow down and prostrate yourselves and worship your Lord and do good that you may succeed. And strive in Allah as is His due; He has chosen you and has not placed upon you in religion any hardship—the faith of your father Abraham; He named you Muslims before...” [Qur’an 22:77-78, M. H. Shakir] This is specific to the Family of Muhammad (peace be upon them). He said: And His saying: “That the Messenger may be a witness over you,” meaning over the Family of Muhammad; “and that you may be witnesses over the people,” that is, the Family of Muhammad are witnesses over the people after the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family). And Jesus, son of Mary, said: “And I was a witness over them so long as I was among them; but when Thou didst take me away, Thou wert the Watcher over them” [Qur’an 5:117, M. H. Shakir]—meaning the Witness—“and Thou art witness of all things.” [Qur’an 5:117, M. H. Shakir] And Allah has placed over this community after the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) witnesses from his Household and progeny so long as any of them remains in the world; when they pass away, the people of the earth perish. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: “Allah has made the stars a security for the inhabitants of the heaven, and He has made my Household a security for the inhabitants of the earth.”

_2) -التهذيب 2:287/77.

al-Tahdhīb 2:287/77.

_3) -الكافي 1:2/146.

al-Kāfī 1:2/146.

_4) -الكافي 1:4/147.

al-Kāfī 1:4/147.

_5) -الكافي 1:5/147.

al-Kāfī 1:5/147.

_6) -تأويل الآيات 1:41/351.

Ta’wīl al-Āyāt 1:41/351.

_7) -قرب الإسناد:41.

Qurb al-Isnād: 41.

_8) -المحاسن:124/166.

al-Maḥāsin: 124/166.

_9) -كتاب سليم بن قيس:151.

Kitāb Sulaym b. Qays: 151.

_10) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:88.

Tafsīr al-Qummī 2:88.

[1] المائدة 5:117.

al-Mā’idah 5:117.

[2] المائدة 5:117.

al-Mā’idah 5:117.

[1] غافر 40:60.

Ghāfir 40:60.

المستدرك

(سورة الحجّ)

قوله تعالى:

ذٰلِكَ بِمٰا قَدَّمَتْ يَدٰاكَ وَ أَنَّ اللّٰهَ لَيْسَ بِظَلاّٰمٍ لِلْعَبِيدِ [10]

Translation: “This is for what your two hands have sent before and because Allah is not in the least unjust to the servants.” [Qur’an 22:10, M. H. Shakir]

99- _1- الطَّبْرِسِيُّ فِي(الْإِحْتِجَاجِ)،يَرْفَعُهُ إِلَى الْإِمَامِ الْهَادِي(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)فِي حَدِيثٍ:قَالَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): فَأَمَّا الْجَبْرُ:فَهُوَ قَوْلُ مَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ جَبَرَ الْعِبَادَ عَلَى الْمَعَاصِي وَ عَاقَبَهُمْ عَلَيْهَا؛وَ مَنْ قَالَ بِهَذَا الْقَوْلِ فَقَدْ ظَلَّمَ اللَّهَ وَ كَذَّبَهُ، وَ رَدَّ عَلَيْهِ قَوْلَهُ: وَ لاٰ يَظْلِمُ رَبُّكَ أَحَداً [1]وَ قَوْلَهُ جَلَّ ذِكْرُهُ: ذٰلِكَ بِمٰا قَدَّمَتْ يَدٰاكَ وَ أَنَّ اللّٰهَ لَيْسَ بِظَلاّٰمٍ لِلْعَبِيدِ ،فَمَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ مَجْبُورٌ عَلَى الْمَعَاصِي فَقَدْ أَحَالَ بِذَنْبِهِ عَلَى اللَّهِ وَ ظَلَّمَهُ فِي عَظَمَتِهِ لَهُ،وَ مَنْ ظَلَّمَ رَبَّهُ فَقَدْ كَذَّبَ كِتَابَهُ،وَ مَنْ كَذَّبَ كِتَابَهُ لَزِمَهُ الْكُفْرُ بِإِجْمَاعِ الْأُمَّةِ.

Translation: Al-Tabrisī in al-Ihtijāj, raising it to Imām al-Hādī (peace be upon him) in a narration: He (peace be upon him) said: “As for compulsion (al-jabr), it is the statement of one who claims that Allah, Mighty and Majestic, compelled the servants to commit sins and then punished them for them. Whoever says this has wronged Allah and belied Him, rejecting His saying: ‘And your Lord does not wrong anyone’ [Qur’an 18:49, M. H. Shakir], and His exalted saying: ‘This is for what your two hands have sent before and because Allah is not in the least unjust to the servants’ [Qur’an 22:10, M. H. Shakir]. Whoever claims that he is compelled to sin has ascribed his sin to Allah and has wronged Him in His majesty. Whoever wrongs his Lord has belied His Book, and whoever belies His Book, disbelief is incumbent upon him by the consensus of the community.”

قوله تعالى:

لَبِئْسَ الْمَوْلىٰ وَ لَبِئْسَ الْعَشِيرُ [13]

Translation: “Certainly evil is the guardian and certainly evil is the associate.” [Qur’an 22:13, M. H. Shakir]

99- _2- فِي كِتَابِ(مِصْبَاحِ الشَّرِيعَةِ):قَالَ الصَّادِقُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): أَحْسَنُ الْمَوْعِظَةِ مَا لاَ يُجَاوِزُ الْقَوْلُ حَدَّ الصِّدْقِ، وَ الْفِعْلُ حَدَّ الْإِخْلاَصِ،فَإِنَّ مَثَلَ الْوَاعِظِ وَ الْمُتَّعِظِ كَالْيَقْظَانِ وَ الرَّاقِدِ،فَمَنِ اسْتَيْقَظَ عَنْ رَقْدَتِهِ وَ غَفْلَتِهِ وَ مُخَالَفَتِهِ وَ مَعَاصِيهِ،صَلَحَ أَنْ يُوقِظَ غَيْرَهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الرُّقَادِ،وَ أَمَّا السَّائِرُ فِي مَفَاوِزِ الاِعْتِدَاءِ،وَ الْخَائِضُ فِي مَرَاتِعِ الْغَيِّ وَ تَرْكِ الْحَيَاءِ،بِاسْتِحْبَابِ السُّمْعَةِ وَ الرِّيَاءِ،وَ الشُّهْرَةِ وَ التَّصَنُّعِ فِي الْخَلْقِ،الْمُتَزَيِّي بِزِيِّ الصَّالِحِينَ،الْمُظْهِرُ بِكَلاَمِهِ عِمَارَةَ

Translation: In the book Misbāḥ al-Sharī‘ah: al-Sādiq (peace be upon him) said: “The best admonition is that in which speech does not exceed the limit of truthfulness and action does not exceed the limit of sincerity. The likeness of the admonisher and the admonished is that of a wakeful person and a sleeper: whoever awakens from his sleep, his heedlessness, his contravention, and his sins is fit to awaken another from that sleep. But as for the one journeying through the deserts of transgression, plunging into the pastures of error and abandoning modesty—preferring reputation and ostentation, fame and affectation among people—donning the garb of the righteous, displaying with his words the building up [of religion] ...”

_1) -الإحتجاج:451.

al-Iḥtijāj: 451.

_2) -مصباح الشريعة:160،بحار الأنوار 100:53/84.

Miṣbāḥ al-Sharī‘ah: 160; Biḥār al-Anwār 100:53/84.

[1] الكهف 18:49.

al-Kahf 18:49.