111. The notable name ‘ʿAlī Asghar
111. ﻧﺎم ﻧﺎﻣﯽ »ﻋﻠﯽ اﺻﻐﺮ«
و ﻧﺎم ﻧﺎﻣﯽ ﻋﻠﯽ اﺻﻐﺮ در زﯾﺎرﺗﻨﺎﻣﻪ اي ﮐﻪ ﺳﯿﺪ اﺑﻦ ﻃﺎووس ﺑﺮاي روز ﻋﺎﺷﻮرا
188 :ص
-1 .1 ﻣﺤﻼّﺗﯽ، ﻓﺮﺳﺎن اﻟﻬﯿﺠﺎء، ج 1، ص 242 .274
-2 .2 اﺑﻦ ﻣﺸﻬﺪي، ﻣﺰار ﮐﺒﯿﺮ، ص 488؛ ﻧﮕﺎرﻧﺪه ﻧﺒﺮاس اﻟﺰّاﺋﺮ، ص .135
ﻧﻘﻞ ﮐﺮده، آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ:
ﺻﻠّﯽ اﻟﻠّﻪ ﻋﻠﯿﮏ وﻋﻠﯿﻬﻢ وﻋﻠﯽ وﻟﺪك ﻋﻠﯽّ اﻷﺻﻐﺮ اﻟّﺬي ﻓُﺠِﻌﺖَ ﺑﻪ؛
درود ﺧﺪاوﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺷﻤﺎ و ﺑﺮ آﻧﺎن و ﺑﺮ ﻓﺮزﻧﺪت »ﻋﻠﯽ اﺻﻐﺮ« ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ وﺳﯿﻠﻪ ي او داﻏﺪار ﺷﺪي. (1)
ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ آﻧﭽﻪ در ﻣﻘﺎﺗﻞ اﺧﺘﻼف در ﻣﺤﻞّ ﺷﻬﺎدت، ﻧﺎم ﻗﺎﺗﻞ و ﻏﯿﺮه وﺟﻮد دارد، ﺣﻞ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد.
ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟّﻪ ﺑﻪ آﻧﭽﻪ از اﻣﺎم ﺳـﺠﺎد ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻟﺴـﻼم رواﯾﺖ ﺷﺪه، ﮐﻪ ﭘﺪرم آن ﻗﺪر ﺑﻪ ﭘﺪرش ﻋﻼﻗﻪ داﺷﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽ ﻓﺮﻣﻮد: اﮔﺮ ﺧﺪاوﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﯾﮑﺼﺪ ﻓﺮزﻧﺪ ﭘﺴﺮ ﻋﻨﺎﯾﺖ ﮐﻨﺪ، ﻫﻤﻪ اش را »ﻋﻠﯽ« ﻧﺎم ﻣﯽ ﮔﺬارم، اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﻣﯽ رود ﮐﻪ ﻃﻔﻞ رﺿﯿﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻣﮕﺬاري ﻧﺮﺳﯿﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، ﻟـﺬا ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان »ﻋﺒـﺪاﻟﻠّﻪ« ﻣﻌﺮوف ﺷـﺪه ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ و اﮔﺮ از ﺳﻮي اﻣﺎم ﺣﺴـﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻟﺴـﻼم ﻧﺎﻣﯽ ﺑﺮاﯾﺶ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷـﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺮﺳﯿﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
ﺗﻌﺒﯿﺮ: »رﺿـﯿﻊ« ﯾﻌﻨﯽ: ﺷﯿﺮﺧﻮاره ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻓﻬﻢ ﻋُﺮف ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، زﯾﺮا ﻣﺎدرش ﺷﯿﺮ ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ او ﺷﯿﺮ دﻫﺪ و در ﺧﯿﻤﻪ ﻫﺎ آﺑﯽ ﭘﯿـﺪا ﻧﻤﯽ ﺷـﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑـﺎ آب ﻓﺮات ﮐـﺎﻣﺶ را ﺑﺮدارﻧـﺪ، از اﯾﻦ رﻫﮕـﺬر ﺗﻌـﺒﯿﺮ رﺿـﯿﻊ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺗﻌـﺒﯿﺮ ﻣﺴـﺎﻣﺤﻪ اي ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ، ﺟﺰ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ در زﯾﺎرﺗﻨﺎﻣﻪ ي ﻣﺄﺛﻮر از ﻣﻌﺼﻮم آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ.
ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس رواﯾﺘﯽ از اﻣﺎم ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺑﺎﻗﺮ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻟﺴـﻼم ، اﻣﺎم ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻟﺴﻼم ﻓﺮزﻧﺪ ﺷﯿﺮﺧﻮارش را در آﻏﻮش ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮي آن ﻗﻮم ﻋﻨﻮد آورد، ﭘﺲ ﺗﯿﺮي ﺑﺮ او اﺻﺎﺑﺖ ﮐﺮد، ﺧﻮن آن ﻋﺰﯾﺰ ﺳﺮازﯾﺮ ﺷﺪ، اﻣﺎم ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻟﺴﻼم ﮐﻒ دﺳﺘﺶ را از ﺧﻮن ﻓﺮزﻧﺪش ﭘُﺮ ﮐﺮد، ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮي آﺳﻤﺎن ﭘﺎﺷﯿﺪ و ﻋﺮﺿﻪ داﺷﺖ:
ﺑـﺎر ﺧـﺪاﯾﺎ! اﮔﺮ اﻣﺮوز ﻧﺼـﺮت ﺧـﻮد را از ﻣـﺎ درﯾـﻎ ﮐﺮدي، آن را ﺑﺮاي آﻧﭽﻪ ﺧﯿﺮ اﺳﺖ ﻗﺮار ﺑـﺪه، اﻧﺘﻘـﺎم ﻣـﺎ را از اﯾﻦ ﺳـﺘﻤﮕﺮان ﺑﮕﯿﺮ(2).
ﺣﻀـﺮت ﻋﻠﯽ اﺻـﻐﺮ دﻗﯿﻘـﺎً ﺷـﺶ ﻣـﺎﻫﻪ ﺑﻮد و ﻣـﺎدرش رﺑـﺎب دﺧﺘﺮ اﻣﺮء اﻟﻘﯿﺲ، از ﺑﺎﻧﻮان ﺑﺎ ﻓﻀـﯿﻠﺖ و ﻣﻮرد ﻋﻼﻗﻪ ي ﺧﺎص اﻣﺎم ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻟﺴﻼم ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮاي آن ﺣﻀﺮت
189 :ص
-1 .3 ﺳﯿﺪ اﺑﻦ ﻃﺎووس، اﻗﺒﺎل اﻷﻋﻤﺎل، ج 3، ص 71؛ ﻣﺠﻠﺴﯽ، ﺑﺤﺎراﻻﻧﻮار، ج 101، ص .314 -2 .1 ﻃﺒﺮي، ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ اﻻﻣﻢ واﻟﻤﻠﻮك، ج 4، ص .644
دو ﻓﺮزﻧﺪ آورد: (1 ﺣﻀﺮت ﺳﮑﯿﻨﻪ
(2 ﺣﻀﺮت ﻋﻠﯽ اﺻﻐﺮ
ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻣﺤﻘّﻘﯿﻦ از ﻣﻮرّﺧﺎن ﺑﺮاي اﻣﺎم ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻟﺴﻼم ﺷﺶ ﻓﺮزﻧﺪ ذﮐﻮر ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ: (1 ﺣﻀﺮت ﻋﻠﯽ اﮐﺒﺮ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻟﺴﻼم
(2 ﺣﻀﺮت ﻋﻠﯽ اوﺳﻂ )اﻣﺎم زﯾﻦ اﻟﻌﺎﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻟﺴﻼم ( (3 ﺣﻀﺮت ﻋﻠﯽ اﺻﻐﺮ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻟﺴﻼم
(4 ﻣﺤﻤﺪ (5 ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻠّﻪ (6 ﺟﻌﻔﺮ(1)
در اﯾﻨﺠﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎم ﻋﻠﯽ اﺻـﻐﺮ ﺗﺼـﺮﯾﺢ ﺷـﺪه و در ﮐﻨﺎر آن از ﻋﺒـﺪاﻟﻠّﻪ ﻧﺎم ﺑﺮده ﺷـﺪه و آﻣـﺪه اﺳﺖ: ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ﻋﺒـﺪاﻟﻠّﻪ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺪرش ﺑﻪ ﺷﻬﺎدت رﺳﯿﺪ(2).
ﺳﺒﻂ اﺑﻦ ﺟﻮزي ﻣﯽ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﺪ:
اﻣﺎم ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻟﺴﻼم ﻓﺮزﻧﺪش را ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﮐﺮد ﮐﻪ از ﺗﺸﻨﮕﯽ دﺳﺖ و ﭘﺎ ﻣﯽ زﻧﺪ، آن را ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ و ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﺸﮑﺮ آورد و ﻓﺮﻣﻮد:
اي ﻟﺸﮑﺮ! اﮔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ رﺣﻢ ﻧﻤﯽ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ، ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻃﻔﻞ رﺣﻢ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ. ﭘﺲ ﺗﯿﺮي ﺑﺮ ﮔﻠﻮي او ﺧﻮرد و ﮔﻠﻮﯾﺶ را ﺑﺮﯾﺪ.
ﭘﺲ اﻣﺎم ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻟﺴﻼم ﮔﺮﯾﺴﺖ و ﻋﺮﺿﻪ داﺷﺖ:
ﺑﺎر ﺧﺪاﯾﺎ! ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺎ و اﯾﻦ ﻗﻮم داوري ﮐﻦ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺎ را دﻋﻮت ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺎ را ﯾﺎري ﮐﻨﻨﺪ، وﻟﯽ ﻣﺎ را ﮐﺸﺘﻨﺪ! ﭘﺲ ﻧﺪاي ﻣﻨﺎدي از آﺳﻤﺎن ﺷﻨﯿﺪه ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽ ﮔﻔﺖ:
اي ﺣﺴﯿﻦ! او را ﻓﺮوﮔﺬار ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮاي او در ﺑﻬﺸﺖ داﯾﻪ اي در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه
190 :ص
-1 .1 اﺑﻦ ﻃﻠﺤﻪ، ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ اﻟﺴّﻮءول، ص .257 -2 .2 ﻫﻤﺎن.
اﺳﺖ(1).
اﺑﻦ ﻃﻠﺤﻪ ﻣﯽ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﺪ ﮐﻪ اﻣﺎم ﺣﺴـﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻟﺴـﻼم ﺑﺮاي ﻓﺮزﻧﺪش ﻗﺒﺮي ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮك ﺷﻤﺸـﯿﺮ ﮐﻨﺪ، ﺑﺮ ﭘﯿﮑﺮش ﻧﻤﺎز ﺧﻮاﻧﺪ، ﺳﭙﺲ آن را در ﻗﺒﺮ ﻧﻬﺎده و دﻓﻦ ﮐﺮد(2).
111. The notable name ‘ʿAlī Asghar
The name ‘Alī Aṣghar appears in a Ziyārat-nāmah that Sayyid Ibn Ṭāwūs composed for the Day of ʿĀshūrā, where it says:
صلى الله عليك وعليهم وعلى ولدك عليّ الأصغر الذي فجعتَ به؛
May the blessings of Allah be upon you and upon them, and upon your son ‘Alī al-Aṣghar, by whom you were struck with grief.¹
Based on this research, the differences found in the Maqātil (accounts of martyrdom)—such as location of martyrdom, name of the killer, etc.—can be reconciled.
Considering what has been narrated from Imām as-Sajjād (a.s.), who said: "My father loved his father (Imām ʿAlī) so much that he used to say: ‘If Allah grants me a hundred sons, I will name all of them ‘Alī,’” it is possible that the infant (ṭifl raḍīʿ) had not been named yet, and thus became known as ‘Abdullāh, or if a name was chosen by Imām Husain (a.s.), it has not reached us.
The term raḍīʿ (suckling infant), based on general usage, applies even though his mother had no milk to feed him and no water was available in the tents to quench his thirst. Hence, the term "raḍīʿ" is used loosely, unless it is used in a Ziyārat-nāmah directly attributed to a Maʿṣūm.
According to a narration from Imām Muḥammad al-Bāqir (a.s.), Imām Husain (a.s.) carried his suckling son in his arms and brought him before the stubborn enemy. An arrow struck the child, and his blood flowed. Imām Husain (a.s.) filled his hands with the blood of his son, threw it towards the sky, and said:
**O Lord! If today You withhold Your help from us, then let it be for what is better, and take vengeance upon these oppressors.**²
Hazrat ‘Alī Aṣghar was exactly six months old. His mother was Rabāb, the daughter of Imru’ al-Qays, a noble woman and beloved wife of Imām Husain (a.s.), who bore him two children:
1. Hazrat Sukayna
2. Hazrat ‘Alī Aṣghar
Some historians mention that Imām Husain (a.s.) had six sons:
1. Hazrat ‘Alī Akbar (a.s.)
2. Hazrat ‘Alī Awsat (Imām Zayn al-‘Ābidīn)
3. Hazrat ‘Alī Aṣghar (a.s.)
4. Muḥammad
5. ‘Abdullāh
6. Ja‘far¹
Here, the name ‘Alī Aṣghar is clearly stated, and alongside it the name ‘Abdullāh is mentioned, with the note: "It is said that ‘Abdullāh too was martyred with his father."²
Sibt Ibn al-Jawzī writes:
Imām Husain (a.s.) saw his son writhing from thirst. He took him in his arms, presented him to the enemy army, and said:
O army! If you do not have mercy on me, at least have mercy on this child.
An arrow struck the child’s throat and slit it.
Then Imām (a.s.) wept and said:
O Lord! Judge between us and this people who invited us to support us and then killed us!
A voice from the heavens was heard:
**O Husain! Leave him, for a wet nurse has been appointed for him in Paradise.**¹
Ibn Ṭalḥah writes that Imām Husain (a.s.) dug a grave for his son with the tip of his sword, prayed over his body, laid him in the grave, and buried him.²
________________________________________
Footnotes:
1. Maḥallātī, Fursān al-Hijāʾ, vol. 1, pp. 242–274
2. Ibn Mashhadī, Mazār Kabīr, p. 488; also see Nabras al-Zāʾir, p. 135
3. Sayyid Ibn Ṭāwūs, Iqbāl al-A‘māl, vol. 3, p. 71; Majlisī, Biḥār al-Anwār, vol. 101, p. 314
4. al-Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-Umam wa al-Mulūk, vol. 4, p. 644
5. Ibn Ṭalḥah, Maṭālib al-Su’ūl, p. 257