Hud Ayah 114

ثم قال لنبيه(صلّى اللّه عليه و آله): فَاسْتَقِمْ كَمٰا أُمِرْتَ وَ مَنْ تٰابَ مَعَكَ وَ لاٰ تَطْغَوْا أي في الدنيا لا تطغوا.

Then He said to His Prophet (peace be upon him and his family): So stand firm as you are commanded, and (also) he who has turned (to Allah) with you, and do not transgress. That is: Do not transgress in this world. [Quran reference: Hud 11:112. M. H. Shakir: Therefore stand firm (in the straight path) as you are commanded, and (also) he who has turned (to Allah) with you, and be not inordinate; surely He sees what you do.]

قوله تعالى:

وَ لاٰ تَرْكَنُوا إِلَى الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا فَتَمَسَّكُمُ النّٰارُ [113]

[Quran 11:113, M. H. Shakir:] And do not incline to those who are unjust, lest the fire touch you, and you have no guardians besides Allah, then you shall not be helped.

99-/5188 _1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا،عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ رَفَعَهُ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ لاٰ تَرْكَنُوا إِلَى الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا فَتَمَسَّكُمُ النّٰارُ .

قَالَ:«هُوَ الرَّجُلُ يَأْتِي السُّلْطَانَ فَيُحِبُّ بَقَاءَهُ إِلَى أَنْ يُدْخِلَ يَدَهُ إِلَى كِيسِهِ فَيُعْطِيَهُ».

99-/5188 -1) Muhammad b. Ya‘qub, from a number of our companions, from Sahl b. Ziyad, marfū‘an, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) regarding the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: And do not incline to those who are unjust, lest the fire touch you.

He said: It is the man who goes to the ruler and loves for him to remain (in power) until he puts his hand into his pouch and gives him (something).

/5189 _2-علي بن إبراهيم،قال:ركون مودة و نصيحة و طاعة.

99-/5189 -2) ‘Ali b. Ibrahim said: “Inclining (rukūn) is affection, counsel, and obedience.”

99-/5190 _3- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا:قَالَ أَحَدُهُمْ: إِنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: وَ لاٰ تَرْكَنُوا إِلَى الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا فَتَمَسَّكُمُ النّٰارُ .

قَالَ:«هُوَ الرَّجُلُ مِنْ شِيعَتِنَا يَقُولُ بِقَوْلِ هَؤُلاَءِ الْجَائِرِينَ».

99-/5190 -3) Al-‘Ayyashi: from some of our companions: One of them said: He was asked about the saying of Allah: And do not incline to those who are unjust, lest the fire touch you.

He said: It is the man from among our Shia who speaks with the speech of these unjust ones.

99-/5191 _4- عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنْ رَجُلٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): وَ لاٰ تَرْكَنُوا إِلَى الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا فَتَمَسَّكُمُ النّٰارُ .

قَالَ:«أَمَا إِنَّهُ لَمْ يَجْعَلْهَا خُلُوداً وَ لَكِنْ تَمَسُّكُمُ النَّارُ،فَلاَ تَرْكَنُوا إِلَيْهِمْ».

99-/5191 -4) From ‘Uthman b. ‘Isa, from a man, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him): And do not incline to those who are unjust, lest the fire touch you.

He said: Indeed, He did not make it everlasting (punishment), but (that) the fire will touch you. So do not incline to them.

قوله تعالى:

وَ أَقِمِ الصَّلاٰةَ طَرَفَيِ النَّهٰارِ وَ زُلَفاً مِنَ اللَّيْلِ إِنَّ الْحَسَنٰاتِ يُذْهِبْنَ السَّيِّئٰاتِ ذٰلِكَ ذِكْرىٰ لِلذّٰاكِرِينَ [114]

[Quran 11:114, M. H. Shakir:] And keep up prayer in the two parts of the day and in the first hours of the night; surely the good deeds take away the evil deeds. This is a reminder to the mindful.

99-/5192 _5- الشَّيْخُ:بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنْ حَرِيزٍ،عَنْ زُرَارَةَ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَمَّا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ مِنَ الصَّلاَةِ.فَقَالَ:«خَمْسَ صَلَوَاتٍ فِي اللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهَارِ».

99-/5192 -5) Al-Shaykh, with his chain, from Ahmad b. Muhammad b. ‘Isa, from Hammad b. ‘Isa, from Hariz, from Zurara, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him). He said: I asked him about what Allah has made obligatory of the prayer. He said: Five prayers in the day and night.

فَقُلْتُ:هَلْ سَمَّاهُنَّ وَ بَيَّنَهُنَّ فِي كِتَابِهِ؟فَقَالَ:«نَعَمْ،قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لِنَبِيِّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ): أَقِمِ الصَّلاٰةَ لِدُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ إِلىٰ غَسَقِ اللَّيْلِ [1]وَ دُلُوكُهَا:زَوَالُهَا،فَفِي مَا بَيْنَ دُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ إِلَى غَسَقِ اللَّيْلِ أَرْبَعُ صَلَوَاتٍ،سَمَّاهُنَّ وَ بَيَّنَهُنَّ وَ وَقَّتَهُنَّ،وَ غَسَقُ اللَّيْلِ:اِنْتِصَافُهُ.ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ إِنَّ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ كٰانَ مَشْهُوداً [2]فَهَذِهِ الْخَامِسَةُ.

وَ قَالَ فِي ذَلِكَ: وَ أَقِمِ الصَّلاٰةَ طَرَفَيِ النَّهٰارِ وَ طَرَفَاهُ:اَلْمَغْرِبُ وَ الْغَدَاةُ وَ زُلَفاً مِنَ اللَّيْلِ وَ هِيَ صَلاَةُ الْعِشَاءِ الْآخِرَةِ،وَ قَالَ: حٰافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوٰاتِ وَ الصَّلاٰةِ الْوُسْطىٰ [3]وَ هِيَ صَلاَةُ الظُّهْرِ،وَ هِيَ أَوَّلُ صَلاَةٍ صَلاَّهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،وَ هِيَ وَسَطُ النَّهَارِ،وَ وَسَطُ صَلاَتَيْنِ بِالنَّهَارِ:صَلاَةِ الْغَدَاةِ،وَ صَلاَةِ الْعَصْرِ».

وَ فِي بَعْضِ الْقِرَاءَاتِ:«حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَ الصَّلاَةِ الْوُسْطَى صَلاَةِ الْعَصْرِ وَ قُومُوا لِلَّهِ قَانِتِينَ».

قَالَ:«وَ نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ،وَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)فِي سَفَرٍ،فَقَنَتَ فِيهَا وَ تَرَكَهَا عَلَى حَالِهَا فِي السَّفَرِ وَ الْحَضَرِ،وَ أَضَافَ لِلْمُقِيمِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ،وَ إِنَّمَا وُضِعَتِ الرَّكْعَتَانِ اللَّتَانِ أَضَافَهُمَا النَّبِيُّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ لِلْمُقِيمِ لِمَكَانِ الْخُطْبَتَيْنِ مَعَ الْإِمَامِ،فَمَنْ صَلَّى يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ فِي غَيْرِ جَمَاعَةٍ فَلْيُصَلِّهَا أَرْبَعَ رَكَعَاتٍ كَصَلاَةِ الظُّهْرِ فِي سَائِرِ الْأَيَّامِ».

99-/5192 -Continuation) I said: Has He named them and explained them in His Book? He said: Yes. Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said to His Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family): Keep up prayer from the declining of the sun till the darkness of the night [Quran 17:78, M. H. Shakir]; and its declining is its zenith passing. Between the declining of the sun and the darkness of the night there are four prayers; He named them, explained them, and fixed their times; and “the darkness of the night” is its midpoint. Then He said: And the recital of the dawn; surely the recital of the dawn is witnessed [Quran 17:78, M. H. Shakir]. This is the fifth.

And He said therein: And keep up prayer in the two parts of the day—and its two parts are Maghrib and the morning—and in the first hours of the night, and that is the last night prayer (‘Isha). And He said: Guard the prayers and the middle prayer [Quran 2:238, M. H. Shakir], and it is the midday prayer (zuhr). It is the first prayer that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) performed; it is the middle of the day and the middle between the two daytime prayers: the morning prayer and the afternoon prayer (‘asr).

And in some readings: “Guard the prayers and the middle prayer, the afternoon prayer, and stand up truly obedient to Allah.”

He said: This verse was revealed on Friday while the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) was on a journey, so he performed qunūt in it and left it as it was for travel and residency; and he added two rak‘ahs for the resident. And the two rak‘ahs which the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) added on Friday for the resident were placed due to the two sermons with the Imam. So whoever prays on Friday not in congregation, let him pray it four rak‘ahs like the zuhr prayer on other days.

99-/5193 _2- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ الْمُرَادِيِّ،قَالَ:سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يَقُولُ:«قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ): أَرْبَعٌ مَنْ كُنَّ فِيهِ لَمْ يَهْلِكْ عَلَى اللَّهِ بَعْدَهُنَّ إِلاَّ هَالِكٌ:يَهُمُّ الْعَبْدُ بِالْحَسَنَةِ أَنْ يَعْمَلَهَا،فَإِنْ هُوَ لَمْ يَعْمَلْهَا كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَهُ حَسَنَةً بِحُسْنِ نِيَّتِهِ،وَ إِنْ هُوَ عَمِلَهَا كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَهُ عَشْراً؛وَ يَهُمُّ بِالسَّيِّئَةِ أَنْ يَعْمَلَهَا،فَإِنْ لَمْ يَعْمَلْهَا لَمْ يُكْتَبْ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ،وَ إِنْ هُوَ عَمِلَهَا أُجِّلَ سَبْعَ سَاعَاتٍ،وَ قَالَ صَاحِبُ الْحَسَنَاتِ لِصَاحِبِ السَّيِّئَاتِ،وَ هُوَ صَاحِبُ الشِّمَالِ:لاَ تَعْجَلْ،عَسَى أَنْ يُتْبِعَهَا بِحَسَنَةٍ تَمْحُوهَا،فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ: إِنَّ الْحَسَنٰاتِ يُذْهِبْنَ السَّيِّئٰاتِ .أَوِ اسْتِغْفَارٍ،فَإِنْ هُوَ قَالَ:أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ الَّذِي لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ هُوَ،عَالِمَ الْغَيْبِ وَ الشَّهَادَةِ،الْعَزِيزَ الْحَكِيمَ،الْغَفُورَ الرَّحِيمَ،ذَا الْجَلاَلِ وَ الْإِكْرَامِ وَ أَتُوبُ إِلَيْهِ.لَمْ يُكْتَبْ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ،وَ إِنْ مَضَتْ سَبْعُ سَاعَاتٍ وَ لَمْ يُتْبِعْهَا بِحَسَنَةٍ أَوِ اسْتِغْفَارٍ،قَالَ صَاحِبُ الْحَسَنَاتِ لِصَاحِبِ السَّيِّئَاتِ:

اكْتُبْ عَلَى الشَّقِيِّ الْمَحْرُومِ».

99-/5193 -2) Muhammad b. Ya‘qub, from Muhammad b. Yahya, from Ahmad b. Muhammad b. ‘Isa, from ‘Ali b. al-Hakam, from al-Fadl b. ‘Uthman al-Muradi, said: I heard Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) say: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) said: Four traits—whoever has them will not perish with Allah after them except one destined to perish: The servant intends to do a good deed; if he does not do it, Allah writes for him a good deed due to his good intention; and if he does it, Allah writes for him ten. And he intends to do an evil deed; if he does not do it, nothing is written against him; and if he does it, (its writing) is postponed seven hours. Then the angel of good deeds says to the angel of evil deeds—he is the one on the left—“Do not hasten; perhaps he will follow it with a good deed that will erase it, for Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says: Surely the good deeds take away the evil deeds (Quran 11:114, M. H. Shakir). Or (perhaps) with seeking forgiveness.” If then he says: “I seek forgiveness of Allah—there is no god but He—Knower of the unseen and the seen, the Mighty, the Wise, the Forgiving, the Merciful, the Possessor of Majesty and Bounty; and I repent to Him,” nothing is written against him. But if seven hours pass and he has not followed it with a good deed or seeking forgiveness, the angel of good deeds says to the angel of evil deeds: Write against the wretched, deprived one.

99-/5194 _3- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ،عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ،عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عُمَرَ الْيَمَانِيِّ،عَمَّنْ حَدَّثَهُ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: إِنَّ الْحَسَنٰاتِ يُذْهِبْنَ السَّيِّئٰاتِ .

قَالَ:«صَلَوَاتُ الْمُؤْمِنِ بِاللَّيْلِ يَذْهَبْنَ بِمَا عَمِلَ مِنْ ذَنْبِ النَّهَارِ».

99-/5194 -3) And from him: from Muhammad b. Isma‘il, from al-Fadl b. Shadhan, from Hammad b. ‘Isa, from Ibrahim b. ‘Umar al-Yamani, from one who narrated to him, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) regarding the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: Surely the good deeds take away the evil deeds (Quran 11:114, M. H. Shakir).

He said: The believer’s prayers at night remove what he did of the sins of the day.

99-/5195 _4- ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي(رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ)،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عُمَرَ،عَمَّنْ حَدَّثَهُ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: إِنَّ الْحَسَنٰاتِ يُذْهِبْنَ السَّيِّئٰاتِ ،قَالَ:«صَلَوَاتُ الْمُؤْمِنِ بِاللَّيْلِ يَذْهَبْنَ بِمَا عَمِلَ مِنْ ذَنْبِ النَّهَارِ».

99-/5195 -4) Ibn Babawayh said: My father (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated to me, he said: ‘Ali b. Ibrahim narrated to us, from his father, from Hammad b. ‘Isa, from Ibrahim b. ‘Umar, from one who narrated to him, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) regarding the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: Surely the good deeds take away the evil deeds (Quran 11:114, M. H. Shakir). He said: The believer’s prayers at night remove what he did of the sins of the day.

99-/5196 _5- وَ عَنْهُ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي(رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ)،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى،عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ التَّاجِرِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَهْزِيَارَ،عَمَّنْ رَوَاهُ،عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ الْأَحْوَلِ صَاحِبِ الطَّاقِ،عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ،قَالَ:قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «لاَ يَغُرَّنَّكَ النَّاسُ مِنْ نَفْسِكَ،فَإِنَّ الْأَمْرَ يَصِلُ إِلَيْكَ مِنْ دُونِهِمْ،لاَ تَقْطَعِ النَّهَارَ بِكَذَا وَ كَذَا،فَإِنَّ مَعَكَ مَنْ يَحْفَظُ عَلَيْكَ.وَ لَمْ أَرَ شَيْئاً قَطُّ أَشَدَّ طَلَباً وَ لاَ أَسْرَعَ دَرَكاً مِنَ الْحَسَنَةِ لِلذَّنْبِ الْعَظِيمِ الْقَدِيمِ.وَ لاَ تَسْتَصْغِرْ شَيْئاً مِنَ الْخَيْرِ فَإِنَّكَ تَرَاهُ غَداً حَيْثُ يَسُرُّكَ،وَ لاَ تَسْتَصْغِرْ شَيْئاً مِنَ الشَّرِّ فَإِنَّكَ تَرَاهُ غَداً حَيْثُ يَسُوؤُكَ،إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ:

إِنَّ الْحَسَنٰاتِ يُذْهِبْنَ السَّيِّئٰاتِ ذٰلِكَ ذِكْرىٰ لِلذّٰاكِرِينَ ».

وَ رَوَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ الْمُفِيدُ فِي(أَمَالِيهِ):عَنِ الصَّادِقِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) [1].

99-/5196 -5) And from him, he said: My father (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated to me, he said: Muhammad b. Yahya narrated to me, from al-Husayn b. Ishaq the merchant, from ‘Ali b. Mahziyar, from one who narrated it, from al-Harith b. al-Ahwal Sahib al-Taq, from Jamil b. Salih, who said: Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) said: Let not people delude you about yourself, for the matter reaches you without them. Do not fritter away the day with this and that, for with you is one who records against you. I have never seen anything more relentless in pursuit and quicker to overtake than a good deed (in catching up) to a great, old sin. Do not deem anything of good small, for you will see it tomorrow where it pleases you; and do not deem anything of evil small, for you will see it tomorrow where it grieves you. Indeed Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says: Surely the good deeds take away the evil deeds; this is a reminder to the mindful (Quran 11:114, M. H. Shakir).

Al-Mufid narrated this hadith in his Amali from al-Sadiq (peace be upon him).

99-/5197 _6- وَ عَنْهُ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ،عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَبَانٍ،عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عُمَرَ،رَفَعَهُ إِلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: إِنَّ الْحَسَنٰاتِ يُذْهِبْنَ السَّيِّئٰاتِ .

قَالَ:«صَلاَةُ الْمُؤْمِنِ بِاللَّيْلِ تَذْهَبُ بِمَا عَمِلَ مِنْ ذَنْبٍ بِالنَّهَارِ».

99-/5197 -6) And from him, he said: Muhammad b. al-Hasan narrated to me, from al-Husayn b. al-Hasan b. Aban, from al-Husayn b. Sa‘id, from Hammad b. ‘Isa, from Ibrahim b. ‘Umar, marfū‘an to Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) regarding the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: Surely the good deeds take away the evil deeds (Quran 11:114, M. H. Shakir).

He said: The believer’s night prayer removes what he committed of sin in the day.

99-/5198 _7- الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ،فِي كِتَابِ(الزُّهْدِ):عَنْ فَضَالَةَ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ،عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ،قَالَ:قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «لاَ يَغُرَّنَّكَ النَّاسُ مِنْ نَفْسِكَ،فَإِنَّ الْأَمْرَ يَصِلُ إِلَيْكَ دُونَهُمْ،وَ لاَ تَقْطَعْ عَنْكَ النَّهَارَ بِكَذَا وَ كَذَا،فَإِنَّ مَعَكَ مَنْ يَحْفَظُ عَلَيْكَ.وَ لاَ تَسْتَقِلَّ قَلِيلَ الْخَيْرِ فَإِنَّكَ تَرَاهُ غَداً بِحَيْثُ يَسُرُّكَ،وَ لاَ تَسْتَقِلَّ قَلِيلَ الشَّرِّ فَإِنَّكَ تَرَاهُ غَداً بِحَيْثُ يَسُوؤُكَ،وَ أَحْسِنْ فَإِنِّي لَمْ أَرَ شَيْئاً أَشَدَّ طَلَباً وَ لاَ أَسْرَعَ دَرَكاً مِنْ حَسَنَةٍ لِذَنْبٍ قَدِيمٍ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ: إِنَّ الْحَسَنٰاتِ يُذْهِبْنَ السَّيِّئٰاتِ ذٰلِكَ ذِكْرىٰ لِلذّٰاكِرِينَ ».

99-/5198 -7) Al-Husayn b. Sa‘id, in his Book al-Zuhd: from Fadala b. Ayyub, from ‘Abdullah b. Yazid, from ‘Ali b. Ya‘qub, who said: Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) said to me: Let not people delude you about yourself, for the matter reaches you without them; and do not fritter away your day with this and that, for with you is one who records against you. Do not deem a small amount of good insignificant, for you will see it tomorrow where it pleases you; and do not deem a small amount of evil insignificant, for you will see it tomorrow where it grieves you; and do good, for I have not seen anything more relentless in pursuit and quicker to overtake than a good deed for an old sin. For Allah, Blessed and Exalted, says: Surely the good deeds take away the evil deeds; this is a reminder to the mindful (Quran 11:114, M. H. Shakir).

99-/5199 _8- الشَّيْخُ فِي(أَمَالِيهِ)قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ(رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ)،قَالَ:أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حُبَيْشٍ الْكَاتِبُ،قَالَ:أَخْبَرَنِي الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ،قَالَ:أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الثَّقَفِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ،عَنْ فُضَيْلِ بْنِ الْجَعْدِ،عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْهَمْدَانِيِّ،قَالَ: لَمَّا وَلَّى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ

99-/5199 -8) Al-Shaykh in his Amali said: Abu ‘Abdillah Muhammad b. Muhammad b. al-Nu‘man (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated to us; he said: Abu al-Hasan ‘Ali b. Muhammad b. Hubaysh al-Katib informed me; he said: al-Hasan b. ‘Ali al-Za‘farani informed me; he said: Abu Ishaq Ibrahim b. Muhammad al-Thaqafi informed me; he said: ‘Abdullah b. Muhammad b. ‘Uthman narrated to us; he said: ‘Ali b. Muhammad b. Abi Sa‘id narrated to us, from Fudayl b. al-Ja‘d, from Abu Ishaq al-Hamdani, who said: When the Commander of the Faithful, ‘Ali b. Abi Talib (peace be upon him), appointed Muhammad b. Abi Bakr over Egypt and its districts, he wrote for him a letter and commanded him to read it to the people of Egypt and to act in accordance with what he counseled him therein. The letter was:

In the Name of Allah, the Most Merciful, the Most Compassionate.

From the servant of Allah, the Commander of the Faithful, ‘Ali b. Abi Talib, to the people of Egypt and to Muhammad b. Abi Bakr. Peace be upon you. I praise to you Allah—there is no god but He.

To proceed: I advise you to be mindful of Allah concerning that about which you will be questioned and to which you will return. For Allah, Exalted, says: Every soul is held in pledge for what it has earned [Quran 74:38, M. H. Shakir]; and He says: And Allah warns you of Himself, and to Allah is the eventual coming [Quran 3:28, M. H. Shakir]; and He says: So by your Lord! We shall certainly question them all, as to what they did [Quran 15:92–93, M. H. Shakir]. And know—servants of Allah—that Allah, Mighty and Majestic, will question you about the small and the great of your deeds. If He punishes, then we are the more unjust; and if He pardons, He is the most Merciful of the merciful.

O servants of Allah, the closest a servant is to forgiveness and mercy is when he acts for Allah in obeying Him and sincerely returns to Him in repentance. Hold fast to God-consciousness, for it gathers all good, and there is no good without it, and by it one obtains of the good that which cannot be attained without it—of the good of this world and the good of the Hereafter. Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: And it shall be said to those who guard (against evil): What is it that your Lord has revealed? They shall say: Good. For those who do good in this world is good, and certainly the abode of the Hereafter is better, and certainly most excellent is the abode of those who guard (against evil) [Quran 16:30, M. H. Shakir].

Know—servants of Allah—that the believer works for three kinds of reward: either for the good of [the world], for Allah rewards him for his deed in his world. Allah, Glorified, said to Ibrahim (peace be upon him): And We gave him his reward in this world, and surely in the Hereafter he is among the righteous [Quran 29:27, M. H. Shakir]. So whoever acts for Allah, Exalted, He gives him his reward in this world and the Hereafter and suffices him in what concerns him in both. Allah, Exalted, has said: O My servants who believe! Be careful of (your duty to) your Lord; for those who do good in this world is good, and Allah’s earth is spacious; only the patient will be paid back their reward in full without measure [Quran 39:10, M. H. Shakir]. So what He gives them in this world, He will not call them to account for it in the Hereafter. Allah, Exalted, said: For those who do good is good (al-husna) and more [Quran 10:26, M. H. Shakir]; the “good” is Paradise, and the “more” is the world.

And [either for the good of the Hereafter], for Allah, Exalted, expiates with every good deed a sin. Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says: Surely the good deeds take away the evil deeds; this is a reminder to the mindful [Quran 11:114, M. H. Shakir]—until when the Day of Resurrection comes He reckons their good deeds for them, then He gives them for each one ten like it up to seven hundredfold. And Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says: A reward from your Lord, a gift (amply) sufficient [Quran 78:36, M. H. Shakir]; and He says: These it is for whom is a double reward because they are patient, and they repel evil with good, and they spend (in charity) out of what We have given them; and they shall have (in the Hereafter) the upper chambers in gardens [Quran 34:37, cf. Shakir]. So desire this—may Allah have mercy on you—work for it and incite one another to it.

And know—O servants of Allah—that the Godwary have secured the immediate and deferred good. They shared with the people of the world in their world, but the people of the world did not share with them in their Hereafter. Allah made permissible for them in the world what sufficed and enriched them. Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says: Say: Who has prohibited the embellishment of Allah, which He has brought forth for His servants, and the good things of the means of subsistence? Say: These are for those who believe in the life of this world, purely (theirs) on the Day of Resurrection; thus do We explain the communications for a people who know [Quran 7:32, M. H. Shakir]. They inhabited the world with the best inhabiting; they ate it with the best eating; they shared with the worldly in their world—so they ate with them of the good things they eat, drank of the good things they drink, wore of the best they wear, dwelt in the best they dwell, married of the best they marry, and rode of the best they ride. They obtained the delight of the world with the people of the world, and tomorrow they are the neighbors of the All-Merciful; they ask of Him and He grants them what they wish. No supplication of theirs is rejected, nor is their portion of delight diminished. To this—O servants of Allah—yearns whoever has reason and works for it with God-consciousness. There is no power and no strength except by Allah.

O servants of Allah, if you are mindful (of Him) and you preserve your Prophet concerning his Household, then you have worshipped Him with the best worship, remembered Him with the best remembrance, and thanked Him with the best gratitude; you have taken up the best patience and gratitude, and you have striven with the best striving—even if others pray more lengthily than you or fast more than you. You are more Godwary than they and more sincere to the possessors of authority.

Beware—O servants of Allah—of death and its stupor; prepare its provisions. It will come upon you suddenly with a tremendous matter: with a good after which there will never be evil, or with an evil after which there will never be good. Who is closer to Paradise than the one who works for it? Who is closer to the Fire than the one who works for it? There is no person whose soul departs his body except that he knows to which of the two abodes he will go: to Paradise or to the Fire—whether he is an enemy to Allah or a friend. If he is a friend of Allah, the gates of Paradise are opened for him, its paths are laid out for him, and he sees what Allah has prepared for him therein; all occupation leaves him and every burden is lifted. If he is an enemy to Allah, the gates of Hell are opened for him, its paths are laid out for him, and he beholds what Allah has prepared for him therein; he meets every detestable thing and leaves every joy. All this occurs at death, and at that time he has certainty. Allah, Exalted, says: Those whom the angels cause to die in a good state; they say: Peace be on you: enter the garden for what you did [Quran 16:32, M. H. Shakir]; and He says: Surely (as for) those whom the angels cause to die while they are unjust to their souls, they shall make submission: We used to do no evil. Nay! Surely Allah knows what you did. Therefore enter the gates of Hell to abide therein; so evil is the abode of the proud [Quran 16:28–29, M. H. Shakir].

O servants of Allah, there is no escape from death, so beware of it before it befalls you and prepare for it its provision. Surely you are the prey of death; if you stay, it takes you; and if you flee from it, it overtakes you. It is more inseparable from you than your shadow. Death is tied to your forelocks, and the world is being folded up behind you. Increase the remembrance of death whenever your souls contend with you for desires; death suffices as an admonisher. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) often counseled his companions to remember death, saying: Increase the remembrance of death, for it destroys pleasures and comes between you and desires.

O servants of Allah, what is after death—for him who is not forgiven—is more severe than death: the grave. So beware its narrowness, constriction, darkness, and estrangement. The grave says every day: I am the abode of estrangement; I am the abode of dust; I am the abode of loneliness; I am the abode of worms and crawling things. The grave is a garden from the gardens of Paradise or a pit from the pits of the Fire. When the believing servant is buried, the earth says to him: “Welcome and greetings! You were among those I loved to see walking upon my back. Now that I am entrusted with you, you will know how I will deal with you.” Then it expands for him as far as his sight reaches. But when the disbeliever is buried, the earth says to him: “No welcome and no greetings! You were among those I hated to see walking upon my back. Now that I am entrusted with you, you will know how I will deal with you,” then it compresses him until his ribs interlock. And the constricted life with which Allah warned His enemy is the punishment of the grave: He assigns over the disbeliever in his grave ninety-nine dragons; they claw at his flesh and break his bones, returning to him thus until the Day he is resurrected. Were one of those dragons to breathe upon the earth, it would never grow a crop again.

O servants of Allah, your weak souls and delicate, tender bodies—which suffice with little—are too weak for this. If you can have pity on your bodies and souls with respect to what you have no power over and no patience for, then act in what Allah loves and leave what Allah dislikes.

O servants of Allah, after the resurrection there is what is more severe than the grave: a day at which the small turns gray-haired, the great is beside himself, and the unborn falls; every nursing mother will forget her nursling—a grim, frowning day whose evil spreads. The terror of that day causes even the angels—who have no sin—to fear, makes the seven firm (heavens) tremble, the pegs—mountains—shake, and the spread earth quake; the sky will split and become frail, changing as if it were a red hide; and the mountains become a moving heap of sand after being dense and hard. The trumpet is blown, and whoever is in the heavens and the earth is terrified except whom Allah wills. What then of one who disobeyed with his hearing, his sight, his tongue, his hand, his foot, his private part, and his belly—if Allah does not forgive him and have mercy upon him—on that day! For the matter will be decreed, and he will go to something else: to a Fire whose depth is far, whose heat is intense, whose drink is festering fluid, whose torment is ever renewed, whose scourges are iron. Its torment does not abate, and its inhabitant does not die—a home in which there is no mercy and no supplication of its inhabitants is heard.

And know—O servants of Allah—that with this is the mercy of Allah, which does not fail His servants, and a Garden whose width is as the heavens and the earth, prepared for the Godwary; with it there is never any evil. Its delights do not cause boredom, and its assembly does not disperse. Its inhabitants have neighbored the All-Merciful, and youths stand before them with dishes of gold; therein are fruit and sweet basil. Then know—O Muhammad b. Abi Bakr—that I have appointed you… (and he continued the report to its end).

Al-Mufid narrated this hadith in his Amali: He said: Abu al-Hasan ‘Ali b. Muhammad b. Hubaysh al-Katib informed us; he said: al-Hasan b. ‘Ali al-Za‘farani informed me; he said: Abu Ishaq Ibrahim b. Muhammad al-Thaqafi informed me; he said: ‘Abdullah b. Muhammad b. ‘Uthman narrated to us; he said: ‘Ali b. Muhammad b. Abi Sa‘id narrated to us, from Fudayl b. al-Ja‘d, from Abu Ishaq al-Hamdani, who said: When the Commander of the Faithful, ‘Ali b. Abi Talib (peace be upon him), appointed Muhammad b. Abi Bakr over Egypt and its districts, he wrote to him a letter and commanded him to read it to the people of Egypt and to act in accordance with what he counseled him therein. The letter was: “In the Name of Allah, the Most Merciful, the Most Compassionate…” and he continued the report to its end.

99-/5200 _9- وَ عَنْهُ:بِإِسْنَادِهِ،قَالَ:قَالَ الصَّادِقُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: إِنَّ الْحَسَنٰاتِ يُذْهِبْنَ السَّيِّئٰاتِ .

قَالَ:«صَلاَةُ اللَّيْلِ تَذْهَبُ بِذُنُوبِ النَّهَارِ».

99-/5200 -9) And from him, with his chain, he said: Al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) said regarding His saying, Exalted is He: Surely the good deeds take away the evil deeds (Quran 11:114, M. H. Shakir).

He said: The night prayer removes the sins of the day.

99-/5201 _10- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ حَرِيزٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: « أَقِمِ الصَّلاٰةَ طَرَفَيِ النَّهٰارِ وَ طَرَفَاهُ:

الْمَغْرِبُ وَ الْغَدَاةُ وَ زُلَفاً مِنَ اللَّيْلِ وَ هِيَ صَلاَةُ الْعِشَاءِ الْآخِرَةِ».

99-/5201 -10) Al-‘Ayyashi: from Hariz, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), who said: Keep up prayer in the two parts of the day—and its two parts are Maghrib and the morning—and in the first hours of the night, and that is the last night prayer (‘Isha) (Quran 11:114, M. H. Shakir).

99-/5202 _11- عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ الثُّمَالِيِّ،قَالَ:سَمِعْتُ أَحَدَهُمَا(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)يَقُولُ: «إِنَّ عَلِيّاً(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)أَقْبَلَ عَلَى النَّاسِ،فَقَالَ:أَيُّ آيَةٍ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ أَرْجَى عِنْدَكُمْ؟فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: إِنَّ اللّٰهَ لاٰ يَغْفِرُ أَنْ يُشْرَكَ بِهِ وَ يَغْفِرُ مٰا دُونَ ذٰلِكَ لِمَنْ يَشٰاءُ [2].قَالَ:حَسَنَةٌ،وَ لَيْسَتْ إِيَّاهَا.فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: يٰا عِبٰادِيَ الَّذِينَ أَسْرَفُوا عَلىٰ أَنْفُسِهِمْ لاٰ تَقْنَطُوا مِنْ رَحْمَةِ اللّٰهِ [3]قَالَ:حَسَنَةٌ،وَ لَيْسَتْ إِيَّاهَا.وَ قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: وَ الَّذِينَ إِذٰا فَعَلُوا فٰاحِشَةً أَوْ ظَلَمُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ ذَكَرُوا اللّٰهَ فَاسْتَغْفَرُوا لِذُنُوبِهِمْ [4]قَالَ:حَسَنَةٌ،وَ لَيْسَتْ إِيَّاهَا».

قَالَ:«ثُمَّ أَحْجَمَ النَّاسُ،فَقَالَ:مَا لَكُمْ،يَا مَعْشَرَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ؟قَالُوا:لاَ وَ اللَّهِ،مَا عِنْدَنَا شَيْءٌ.قَالَ:سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)يَقُولُ:أَرْجَى آيَةٍ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ: وَ أَقِمِ الصَّلاٰةَ طَرَفَيِ النَّهٰارِ وَ زُلَفاً مِنَ اللَّيْلِ وَ قَرَأَ الْآيَةَ كُلَّهَا، وَ قَالَ:يَا عَلِيُّ،وَ الَّذِي بَعَثَنِي بِالْحَقِّ بَشِيراً وَ نَذِيراً،إِنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ لَيَقُومُ إِلَى وُضُوئِهِ فَتَسَاقَطُ مِنْ جَوَارِحِهِ الذُّنُوبُ،فَإِذَا اسْتَقْبَلَ اللَّهَ بِوَجْهِهِ وَ قَلْبِهِ لَمْ يَنْفَتِلْ عَنْ صَلاَتِهِ وَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ ذُنُوبِهِ شَيْءٌ،كَمَا وَلَدَتْهُ أُمُّهُ،فَإِذَا أَصَابَ شَيْئاً بَيْنَ الصَّلاَتَيْنِ كَانَ لَهُ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى عَدَّ الصَّلَوَاتِ الْخَمْسَ.ثُمَّ قَالَ:يَا عَلِيُّ،إِنَّمَا مَنْزِلَةُ الصَّلَوَاتِ الْخَمْسِ لِأُمَّتِي كَنَهَرٍ جَارٍ عَلَى بَابِ أَحَدِكُمْ،فَمَا ظَنُّ أَحَدِكُمْ لَوْ كَانَ فِي جَسَدِهِ دَرَنٌ ثُمَّ اغْتَسَلَ فِي ذَلِكَ النَّهَرِ خَمْسَ مَرَّاتٍ فِي الْيَوْمِ،أَ كَانَ يَبْقَى فِي جَسَدِهِ دَرَنٌ؟فَكَذَلِكَ وَ اللَّهِ الصَّلَوَاتُ الْخَمْسُ لِأُمَّتِي».

99-/5202 -11) From Abu Hamza al-Thumali, who said: I heard one of the Two (peace be upon them both) say: ‘Ali (peace be upon him) faced the people and said: Which verse in the Book of Allah is the most hopeful to you? Some said: Surely Allah does not forgive that anything should be associated with Him, and forgives what is besides that to whom He pleases [Quran 4:48/116, M. H. Shakir]. He said: Good, but it is not it. Some said: O My servants who have acted extravagantly against their own souls, do not despair of the mercy of Allah [Quran 39:53, M. H. Shakir]. He said: Good, but it is not it. Others said: And those who when they commit an indecency or do injustice to their souls remember Allah and ask forgiveness for their faults [Quran 3:135, M. H. Shakir]. He said: Good, but it is not it.

He said: Then the people held back. He said: What is wrong with you, O community of Muslims? They said: By Allah, we have nothing (else to say). He said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) say: The most hopeful verse in the Book of Allah is: And keep up prayer in the two parts of the day and in the first hours of the night… and he recited the entire verse (Quran 11:114, M. H. Shakir). Then he said: O ‘Ali, by Him Who sent me with the truth as a bearer of good tidings and a warner, one of you rises to his ablution and sins fall from his limbs. When he faces Allah with his face and his heart, he does not finish his prayer with anything of his sins remaining upon him—just as his mother bore him. If he then commits something between the two prayers, he has the like of that (remission), until he counted the five prayers. Then he said: O ‘Ali, the likeness of the five prayers for my community is like a flowing river at the door of one of you. What do you think, if there were filth on his body and then he washed in that river five times in the day—would there remain any filth on his body? So, by Allah, such are the five prayers for my community.

99-/5203 _12- عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْكَرْخِيِّ،قَالَ: كُنْتُ عِنْدَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ مَوْلًى لَهُ.فَقَالَ:«يَا فُلاَنُ، مَتَى جِئْتَ؟»فَسَكَتَ.فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«جِئْتُ مِنْ هَاهُنَا وَ مِنْ هَاهُنَا،انْظُرْ بِمَا تَقْطَعُ بِهِ يَوْمَكَ،فَإِنَّ مَعَكَ مَلَكاً مُوَكَّلاً،يَحْفَظُ عَلَيْكَ مَا تَعْمَلُ،فَلاَ تَحْتَقِرْ سَيِّئَةً،وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ صَغِيرَةً،فَإِنَّهَا سَتَسُوؤُكَ يَوْماً،وَ لاَ تَحْتَقِرْ حَسَنَةً فَإِنَّهُ لَيْسَ شَيْءٌ-أَشَدَّ طَلَباً وَ لاَ أَسْرَعَ دَرَكاً مِنَ الْحَسَنَةِ،إِنَّهَا لَتُدْرِكُ الذَّنْبَ الْعَظِيمَ الْقَدِيمَ فَتَذْهَبُ بِهِ،وَ قَالَ اللَّهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ:

إِنَّ الْحَسَنٰاتِ يُذْهِبْنَ السَّيِّئٰاتِ -قَالَ:قَالَ-صَلاَةُ اللَّيْلِ تَذْهَبُ بِذُنُوبِ النَّهَارِ-قَالَ-تَذْهَبُ بِمَا جَرَحْتُمْ».

99-/5203 -12) From Ibrahim al-Karkhi, who said: I was with Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) when a client of his entered upon him. He said: “So-and-so, when did you come?” He remained silent. Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) said: “You came from here and there. Consider with what you spend your day, for with you is an appointed angel who records what you do against you. Do not belittle a sin, even if it is small, for it will grieve you one day; and do not belittle a good deed, for there is nothing more relentless in pursuit and quicker to overtake than a good deed. It catches up to the great, old sin and removes it. And Allah said in His Book: Surely the good deeds take away the evil deeds (Quran 11:114, M. H. Shakir)—that is: The night prayer removes the sins of the day—(that is:) It removes what you have wounded (by your deeds).”

99-/5204 _13- عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عُمَرَ،رَفَعَهُ إِلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: أَقِمِ الصَّلاٰةَ طَرَفَيِ النَّهٰارِ -إِلَى- اَلسَّيِّئٰاتِ ،فَقَالَ:«صَلاَةُ الْمُؤْمِنِ بِاللَّيْلِ تَذْهَبُ بِمَا عَمِلَ مِنْ ذَنْبِ النَّهَارِ».

99-/5204 -13) From Ibrahim b. ‘Umar, marfū‘an to Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), regarding Allah’s saying: Keep up prayer in the two parts of the day … (to) the evil deeds. He said: The believer’s night prayer removes what he did of the sins of the day (Quran 11:114, M. H. Shakir).

99-/5205 _14- عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ،قَالَ: سَأَلَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجِبَالِ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَصَابَ مَالاً مِنْ أَعْمَالِ السُّلْطَانِ،فَهُوَ يَتَصَدَّقُ مِنْهُ،وَ يَصِلُ قَرَابَتَهُ،وَ يَحُجُّ لِيُغْفَرَ لَهُ مَا اكْتَسَبَ،وَ هُوَ يَقُولُ: إِنَّ الْحَسَنٰاتِ يُذْهِبْنَ السَّيِّئٰاتِ .

فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«إِنَّ الْخَطِيئَةَ لاَ تُكَفِّرُ الْخَطِيئَةَ،وَ لَكِنَّ الْحَسَنَةَ تُكَفِّرُ الْخَطِيئَةَ».ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«إِنْ كَانَ خَلَطَ الْحَلاَلَ حَرَاماً فَاخْتَلَطَ جَمِيعاً فَلَمْ يَعْرِفِ الْحَلاَلَ مِنَ الْحَرَامِ،فَلاَ بَأْسَ».

99-/5205 -14) From Sama‘ah b. Mihran, who said: A man from the mountain regions asked Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) about a man who had obtained wealth from the works of the authorities; he gives charity from it, maintains his kin, and performs the Hajj so that what he acquired may be forgiven him, and he says: Surely the good deeds take away the evil deeds (Quran 11:114, M. H. Shakir).

Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) said: A sin does not expiate a sin; rather, a good deed expiates a sin. Then he said: If he has mixed the lawful with the unlawful, so that all has become mixed and he does not distinguish the lawful from the unlawful, then there is no harm (in giving from it to make amends).

99-/5206 _15- وَ عَنْهُ:فِي رِوَايَةِ الْمُفَضَّلِ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ،أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «انْظُرْ مَا أَصَبْتَ بِهِ فَعُدْ بِهِ عَلَى إِخْوَانِكَ،فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ: إِنَّ الْحَسَنٰاتِ يُذْهِبْنَ السَّيِّئٰاتِ ».

قَالَ الْمُفَضَّلُ:كُنْتُ خَلِيفَةَ أَخِي عَلَى الدِّيوَانِ،قَالَ:وَ قَدْ قُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ،قَدْ تَرَى مَكَانِي مِنْ هَؤُلاَءِ الْقَوْمِ، فَمَا تَرَى؟قَالَ:لَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ كَتَبَ».

99-/5206 -15) And from him: In the narration of al-Mufaddal b. Suwayd, that he said: Look at what you have obtained, and give back from it to your brethren, for Allah says: Surely the good deeds take away the evil deeds (Quran 11:114, M. H. Shakir).

Al-Mufaddal said: I was deputy for my brother over the dīwān (bureau). I said: May I be your ransom! You see my position with these people—what do you think? He said: If only it had not been written (i.e., if only the situation had not arisen as you described).

99-/5207 _16- عَنِ الْمُفَضَّلِ بْنِ مَزْيَدٍ الْكَاتِبِ،قَالَ: دَخَلَ عَلَيَّ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)وَ قَدْ أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُخْرِجَ لِبَنِي هَاشِمٍ جَوَائِزَ،فَلَمْ أَعْلَمْ إِلاَّ وَ هُوَ عَلَى رَأْسِي،وَ أَنَا مُسْتَخْلٍ،فَوَثَبْتُ إِلَيْهِ،فَسَأَلَنِي عَمَّا أُمِرَ لَهُمْ،فَنَاوَلْتُهُ الْكِتَابَ،فَقَالَ:

«مَا أَرَى لِإِسْمَاعِيلَ هَاهُنَا شَيْئاً»؟فَقُلْتُ:هَذَا الَّذِي خَرَجَ إِلَيْنَا.

ثُمَّ قُلْتُ لَهُ:جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ،قَدْ تَرَى مَكَانِي مِنْ هَؤُلاَءِ الْقَوْمِ؟فَقَالَ لِيَ:«انْظُرْ مَا أَصَبْتَ بِهِ فَعُدْ بِهِ عَلَى إِخْوَانِكَ،فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ: إِنَّ الْحَسَنٰاتِ يُذْهِبْنَ السَّيِّئٰاتِ ».

99-/5207 -16) From al-Mufaddal b. Mazid the scribe, who said: Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) entered upon me while I had been ordered to distribute stipends to Banu Hashim. I suddenly found him at my head while I was reclined, so I sprang up to him. He asked me about what had been ordered for them, so I handed him the document. He said: I do not see anything here for Isma‘il. I said: This is what was issued to us.

Then I said to him: May I be your ransom! You see my position with these people? He said to me: Look at what you have obtained and give back from it to your brethren, for Allah says: Surely the good deeds take away the evil deeds (Quran 11:114, M. H. Shakir).

99-/5208 _17- عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْكَرْخِيِّ،قَالَ: كُنْتُ عِنْدَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)إِذْ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«يَا فُلاَنُ،مِنْ أَيْنَ جِئْتَ؟»فَسَكَتَ.فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«جِئْتَ مِنْ هَاهُنَا وَ هَاهُنَا، لِغَيْرِ مَعَاشٍ تَطْلُبُهُ،وَ لاَ لِعَمَلِ آخِرَةٍ،انْظُرْ بِمَا تَقْطَعُ بِهِ يَوْمَكَ وَ لَيْلَتَكَ،وَ اعْلَمْ أَنَّ مَعَكَ مَلَكاً كَرِيماً مُوَكَّلاً بِكَ،يَحْفَظُ عَلَيْكَ مَا تَفْعَلُ،وَ يَطَّلِعُ عَلَى سِرِّكَ الَّذِي تُخْفِيهِ مِنَ النَّاسِ،فَاسْتَحْيِ وَ لاَ تُحَقِّرَنَّ سَيِّئَةً،فَإِنَّهَا سَتَسُوؤُكَ يَوْماً،وَ لاَ تُحَقِّرَنَّ حَسَنَةً وَ إِنْ صَغُرَتِ عِنْدَكَ،وَ قُلْتُ فِي عَيْنِكَ،فَإِنَّهَا سَتَسُرُّكَ يَوْماً.

وَ اعْلَمْ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ شَيْءٌ أَضَرَّ عَاقِبَةً وَ لاَ أَسْرَعَ نَدَامَةً مِنَ الْخَطِيئَةِ،وَ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ شَيْءٌ أَشَدَّ طَلَباً وَ لاَ أَسْرَعَ دَرَكاً لِلْخَطِيئَةِ مِنَ الْحَسَنَةِ،أَمَا إِنَّهَا لَتُدْرِكُ الذَّنْبَ الْعَظِيمَ الْقَدِيمَ[الْمَنْسِيَّ عِنْدَ عَامِلِهِ]فَتَحْذِفُهُ وَ تُسْقِطُهُ وَ تَذْهَبُ بِهِ بَعْدَ إِسَاءَتِهِ،وَ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ إِنَّ الْحَسَنٰاتِ يُذْهِبْنَ السَّيِّئٰاتِ ذٰلِكَ ذِكْرىٰ لِلذّٰاكِرِينَ ».

99-/5208 -17) From Ibrahim al-Karkhi, who said: I was with Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) when a man from Medina entered upon him. Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) said to him: “So-and-so, from where have you come?” He was silent. Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) said: “You have come from here and there—not seeking livelihood nor doing an act for the Hereafter. Consider with what you spend your day and night; and know that with you is a noble angel appointed over you, who records what you do, and who observes your secret that you conceal from people. So be ashamed, and never belittle a sin, for it will grieve you one day; and never belittle a good deed—even if small in your sight and paltry to your eye—for it will please you one day.

And know that nothing has a worse outcome and quicker regret than sin; and that nothing is more relentless in pursuit and quicker to overtake a sin than a good deed. Indeed, it catches up to the great, old sin [forgotten by its doer], strikes it out, drops it, and removes it after his having done evil. That is the saying of Allah: Surely the good deeds take away the evil deeds; this is a reminder to the mindful (Quran 11:114, M. H. Shakir).”

99-/5209 _18- عَنِ ابْنِ خِرَاشٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): إِنَّ الْحَسَنٰاتِ يُذْهِبْنَ السَّيِّئٰاتِ .

قَالَ:«صَلاَةُ اللَّيْلِ تُكَفِّرُ مَا كَانَ مِنْ ذُنُوبِ النَّهَارِ».

99-/5209 -18) From Ibn Khirash, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), (regarding): Surely the good deeds take away the evil deeds (Quran 11:114, M. H. Shakir).

He said: The night prayer expiates what there was of the sins of the day.

قوله تعالى:

وَ لَوْ شٰاءَ رَبُّكَ لَجَعَلَ النّٰاسَ أُمَّةً وٰاحِدَةً -إلى قوله تعالى- وَ لِلّٰهِ غَيْبُ السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ وَ إِلَيْهِ يُرْجَعُ الْأَمْرُ كُلُّهُ فَاعْبُدْهُ وَ تَوَكَّلْ عَلَيْهِ وَ مٰا رَبُّكَ بِغٰافِلٍ عَمّٰا تَعْمَلُونَ [118-123]

[Quran 11:118–123, M. H. Shakir:] And if your Lord had pleased He would certainly have made people a single nation, and they shall continue to differ—Except those on whom your Lord has mercy; and for this did He create them; and the word of your Lord has been accomplished: I will most certainly fill hell with jinn and men all together. And all that We relate to you of the news of the messengers is that by which We make firm your heart; and there has come to you in this the truth and an admonition and a reminder to the believers. And say to those who do not believe: Act according to your state; surely we too are acting. And wait; surely we are waiting also. And Allah’s is the unseen in the heavens and the earth, and to Him do all affairs return; therefore serve Him and rely on Him, and your Lord is not heedless of what you do.

99-/5210 _1-علي بن إبراهيم: وَ لَوْ شٰاءَ رَبُّكَ لَجَعَلَ النّٰاسَ أُمَّةً وٰاحِدَةً أي على مذهب واحد وَ لاٰ يَزٰالُونَ مُخْتَلِفِينَ* إِلاّٰ مَنْ رَحِمَ رَبُّكَ وَ لِذٰلِكَ خَلَقَهُمْ .

99-/5210 -1) ‘Ali b. Ibrahim: And if your Lord had pleased He would certainly have made people a single nation—i.e., upon one doctrine—but they will not cease to differ, except those on whom your Lord has mercy; and for that He created them (Quran 11:118–119, M. H. Shakir).

99-/5211 _2- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ،عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ الْحَذَّاءِ،قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنِ الاِسْتِطَاعَةِ وَ قَوْلِ النَّاسِ،فَقَالَ وَ تَلاَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: وَ لاٰ يَزٰالُونَ مُخْتَلِفِينَ* إِلاّٰ مَنْ رَحِمَ رَبُّكَ وَ لِذٰلِكَ خَلَقَهُمْ «يَا أَبَا عُبَيْدَةَ،النَّاسُ مُخْتَلِفُونَ فِي إِصَابَةِ الْقَوْلِ،وَ كُلُّهُمْ هَالِكٌ».

قَالَ:قُلْتُ:قَوْلُهُ: إِلاّٰ مَنْ رَحِمَ رَبُّكَ ؟قَالَ:«هُمْ شِيعَتُنَا،وَ لِرَحْمَتِهِ خَلَقَهُمْ،وَ هُوَ قَوْلُهُ: وَ لِذٰلِكَ خَلَقَهُمْ يَقُولُ:لِطَاعَةِ الْإِمَامِ،الرَّحْمَةُ الَّتِي يَقُولُ: وَ رَحْمَتِي وَسِعَتْ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ [1]يَقُولُ:عِلْمُ الْإِمَامِ،وَ وَسِعَ عِلْمُهُ الَّذِي هُوَ مِنْ عِلْمِهِ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ،هُمْ شِيعَتُنَا.

ثُمَّ قَالَ: فَسَأَكْتُبُهٰا لِلَّذِينَ يَتَّقُونَ [2]يَعْنِي وَلاَيَةَ غَيْرِ الْإِمَامِ وَ طَاعَتَهُ،ثُمَّ قَالَ: يَجِدُونَهُ مَكْتُوباً عِنْدَهُمْ فِي التَّوْرٰاةِ وَ الْإِنْجِيلِ [3]يَعْنِي النَّبِيَّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)وَ الْوَصِيَّ وَ الْقَائِمَ، يَأْمُرُهُمْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ [4]إِذَا قَامَ وَ يَنْهٰاهُمْ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ [5]وَ الْمُنْكَرُ مَنْ أَنْكَرَ فَضْلَ الْإِمَامِ وَ جَحَدَهُ وَ يُحِلُّ لَهُمُ الطَّيِّبٰاتِ [6]وَ هُوَ أَخْذُ الْعِلْمِ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ وَ يُحَرِّمُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْخَبٰائِثَ [8]وَ الْخَبَائِثُ:قَوْلُ مَنْ خَالَفَ وَ يَضَعُ عَنْهُمْ إِصْرَهُمْ [9]وَ هِيَ الذُّنُوبُ الَّتِي كَانُوا فِيهَا قَبْلَ مَعْرِفَتِهِمْ فَضْلَ الْإِمَامِ وَ الْأَغْلاٰلَ الَّتِي كٰانَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ [10]وَ الْأَغْلاَلُ:مَا كَانُوا يَقُولُونَ مِمَّا لَمْ يَكُونُوا أُمِرُوا بِهِ مِنْ تَرْكِ فَضْلِ الْإِمَامِ،فَلَمَّا عَرَفُوا فَضْلَ الْإِمَامِ وَضَعَ عَنْهُمْ إِصْرَهُمْ وَ الْإِصْرُ الذَّنْبُ،وَ هِيَ الْآصَارُ.

ثُمَّ نَسَبَهُمْ،فَقَالَ: فَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِهِ [11]يَعْنِي بِالْإِمَامِ

99-/5211 -2) Muhammad b. Ya‘qub: from a number of our companions, from Ahmad b. Muhammad b. Abi Nasr, from Hammad b. ‘Uthman, from Abu ‘Ubayda al-Hadhdha’, who said: I asked Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) about human capacity (al-istita‘ah) and people’s claims. He recited this verse: And they shall continue to differ, except those on whom your Lord has mercy; and for this did He create them (Quran 11:118–119, M. H. Shakir). He said: O Abu ‘Ubayda, people differ in getting their statements right, and all of them are doomed.

I said: His saying: Except those on whom your Lord has mercy? He said: They are our Shia, and for His mercy He created them. That is His saying: and for this did He create them—meaning, for obedience to the Imam. The mercy in His saying: and My mercy encompasses all things (Quran 7:156, M. H. Shakir) means: the knowledge of the Imam; and his knowledge, which is from His knowledge, has encompassed all things. They are our Shia.

Then he said: So I will ordain it for those who guard (against evil) (Quran 7:156, M. H. Shakir)—meaning, the avoidance of the guardianship and obedience of other than the Imam. Then he said: Whom they shall find described in the Torah and the Gospel with them (Quran 7:157, M. H. Shakir)—meaning the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family), the trustee (al-wasi), and the Qa’im—He enjoins them good (Quran 7:157) when he rises and forbids them evil (Quran 7:157); and evil is: whoever denies the merit of the Imam and rejects it. He makes lawful for them the good things (Quran 7:157)—that is, taking knowledge from its people—and He makes unlawful for them the impure things (Quran 7:157)—and the impure things are the speech of whoever opposes. And He removes from them their burden (Quran 7:157)—these are the sins they were in before recognizing the merit of the Imam—and the shackles that were upon them (Quran 7:157)—the shackles are what they used to say, which they had not been commanded, of abandoning the merit of the Imam. When they recognized the Imam’s merit, He removed from them their burden—and the burden is the sin; and these are the bonds.

Then He ascribed them, saying: So those who believe in him (Quran 7:157)—meaning: in the Imam…

Footnotes

_1) الكافي 5:12/108 — al-Kāfī 5:12/108

_2) تفسير القمّيّ 1:338 — Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:338

_3) تفسير العيّاشي 2:71/161 — Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:71/161

_4) تفسير العيّاشي 2:72/161 — Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:72/161

_5) التهذيب 2:954/241 — al-Tahdhīb 2:954/241

_2) الكافي 2:4/313 — al-Kāfī 2:4/313

_3) الكافي 3:10/266 — al-Kāfī 3:10/266

[1] الإسراء 17:78 — al-Isrā’ 17:78

[2] الإسراء 17:78 — al-Isrā’ 17:78

[3] البقرة 2:238 — al-Baqarah 2:238

[4] في المصدر:صلاة — fī al-maṣdar: “ṣalāt”

[5] في المصدر:تذهب — fī al-maṣdar: “tadhhab”

[6] في المصدر:بالنهار — fī al-maṣdar: “bi-l-nahār”

_4) علل الشرائع:7/363 — ‘Ilal al-Sharā’i‘ 7:363

_5) ثواب الأعمال:134،الاختصاص:231 — Thawāb al-A‘māl:134, al-Ikhtiṣāṣ:231

_6) ثواب الأعمال:42 — Thawāb al-A‘māl:42

_7) كتاب الزهد:31/16 — Kitāb al-Zuhd:31/16

_8) الأمالي 1:24،الغارات:147 — al-Amālī 1:24, al-Ghārāt:147

[1] الأمالي:3/67 — al-Amālī 3:67

[2] في المصدر:الأجر — fī al-maṣdar: “al-ajr”

[1] المدّثّر 74:38 — al-Muddaththir 74:38

[2] آل عمران 3:28 — Āl ‘Imrān 3:28

[3] الحجر 15:92-93 — al-Ḥijr 15:92–93

[4] النحل 16:30 — al-Naḥl 16:30

[5] من الغارات — min al-Ghārāt

[6] العنكبوت 29:27 — al-‘Ankabūt 29:27

[7] الزمر 39:10 — al-Zumar 39:10

[8] يونس 10:26 — Yūnus 10:26

[9] من الغارات — min al-Ghārāt

[1] النباء 78:36 — al-Naba’ 78:36

[2] سبأ 34:37 — Saba’ 34:37

[3] الأعراف 7:32 — al-A‘rāf 7:32

[4] النحل 16:32 — al-Naḥl 16:32

[5] النحل 16:28-29 — al-Naḥl 16:28–29

[6] الطرائد… «لسان العرب-طرد-3:267» — al-Ṭarā’id … “Lisān al-‘Arab – ṭarad – 3:267”

[1] في المصدر:ضيهته — fī al-maṣdar: “ḍīhatih”

[2] في المصدر:من أبغض من يمشي — fī al-maṣdar: “man abghaḍa man yamshī”

[3] في «س»و المصدر:و ترغب — fī “S” wa al-maṣdar: “wa targhab”

[4] في المصدر:سرابا — fī al-maṣdar: “sarāban”

[5] في الغارات زيادة:… — fī al-Ghārāt ziyādah: …

_9) الأمالي 1:300 — al-Amālī 1:300

_10) تفسير العيّاشي 2:73/161 — Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:73/161

_11) تفسير العيّاشي 2:74/161 — Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:74/161

_12) تفسير العيّاشي 2:75/162 — Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:75/162

[1] الأمالي:3/260 — al-Amālī 3:260

[2] النساء 4:48 و 116 — al-Nisā’ 4:48 & 116

[3] الزمر 39:53 — al-Zumar 39:53

[4] آل عمران 3:135 — Āl ‘Imrān 3:135

_13) تفسير العيّاشي 2:76/162 — Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:76/162

_14) تفسير العيّاشي 2:77/162 — Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:77/162

_15) تفسير العيّاشي 2:78/163 — Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:78/163

_16) تفسير العيّاشي 2:79/163 — Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:79/163

_17) تفسير العيّاشي 2:80/163 — Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:80/163

[1] أي ليت أنّ أخاك… — ay layta anna akhāka…

و في نسخة… — wa fī nuskhatin min Rijāl al-Kashshī: 701/374 (law lam yakun kayt)…

_18) تفسير العيّاشيّ 2:164 ذيل الحديث 80 — Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:164 (dhayl al-ḥadīth 80)

_1) تفسير القمّيّ 1:338 — Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:338

_2) الكافي 1:83/355 — al-Kāfī 1:83/355

[1] الأعراف 7:156 — al-A‘rāf 7:156

[2] الأعراف 7:156 — al-A‘rāf 7:156

[3] الأعراف 7:157 — al-A‘rāf 7:157

[4] الأعراف 7:157 — al-A‘rāf 7:157

[5] الأعراف 7:157 — al-A‘rāf 7:157

[6] الأعراف 7:157 — al-A‘rāf 7:157

[7] (و هو)ليس في المصدر — (wa huwa) laysa fī al-maṣdar

[8] الأعراف 7:157 — al-A‘rāf 7:157

[9] الأعراف 7:157 — al-A‘rāf 7:157

[10] الأعراف 7:157 — al-A‘rāf 7:157

[11] الأعراف 7:157 — al-A‘rāf 7:157